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MKNRY BOUQUET
THE
Papers of Henry Bouquet
VOLUME II
T/ie Forbes Expedition
0
EDITED BV
S. K. STEVENS
DONALD H. KENT
AUTUMN L. LEONARD
THE PENNSYLVANIA
HISTORICAL AND MUSEUM COMMISSION
HARRISBURG • 1951
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Bouquet, Henry, 1719
Papers
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-1765.
'C.
THE PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL AND
MUSEUM COMMISSION
Charles J. Biddle, Chairman
Frances Dorrance
A. Atwater Kent, Jr.
Thomas Murphy
John W. Oliver
Edgar T. Stevenson
Charles G. Webb
Richard Norris Williams, 2d
Francis B. Haas, ex officio
Superintendent of Public Instruction
Donald A. Cadzow, Executive Director
Sylvester K. Stevens, State Historian
TRUSTEES— EX OFEICIO
John S. Eine
Governor of the Commonwealth
Weldon B. Heyburn, Auditor General
Charles R. Barber, State Treasurer
11
FOREWORD
H ENRY BOUQUET was the first great military figure in the history
of Pennsylvania. Of all the British military commanders who served
in Pennsylvania in colonial days, none made as deep an impression upon
the development and history of the future State as did this Swfiss soldier-
of-fortune, who eventually became a naturalized Pennsylvanian. One of
the most colorful and successful soldiers in the annals of colonial America,
an able organizer of men, and a brilliant strategist, he played a leading
role in the successful effort of Britain to extend its rule to the territories
beyond the Alleghenies. He was associated with two decisive events in
the history of the State — the capture of Fort Duquesne in 1758, and the
Battle of Bushy Run in 1763. The first of these events marked the begin-
ning of the end of the French attempt to seize the Ohio Valley; it assured
the potential expansion of Pennsylvania to its western charter limits.
The Battle of Bushy Run broke the power of the Indians, opening western
Pennsylvania to white settlement. Without the abilities of Henry Bouquet,
the history of Pennsylvania — even the history of North America — might
have taken a different turn.
The present volume of The Papers oj Henry Bouquet covers the period
of the Forbes expedition which captured Fort Duquesne. Henry Bouquet
laid the foundations of his reputation as a military organizer and wilder-
ness campaigner as second-in-command to Brigadier General John Forbes
- on this campaign of 1758 against the French in western Pennsylvania.
G His duties and responsibilities were greatly increased by Forbes’ illness.
^ The Swiss soldier directed the building of the great Forbes Road over the
Allegheny Mountains. He organized the gathering and transportation of
supplies, dealing with the often reluctant provincials, with the officials
of Pennsylvania and other colonies, and with supply agents. He supervised
the building of frontier posts along the line of communications from
Carlisle to the Ohio, and carried on a voluminous correspondence with
''^.^-^bordinates both in the British regulars and in the forces from Penn-
sylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. His preparations helped to make pos-
sible the secure advance of a British force so overwhelming that when it
approached within striking distance of Fort Duquesne, the French
abandoned and burned their stronghold, and fled to Fort Machault
(present-day Franklin). The British and provincials occupied the ruined
fort on November 24, 1758, and General Forbes renamed it Pittsburgh
in honor of the great prime minister. This success brought western Penn-
sylvania within the scope of British authority, and prepared the way for
the later extension of Pennsylvania settlement and government to the area.
Valuable light is shed in these Papers on the progress and development
of the expedition, and on events in Pennsylvania during the period. They
iii
are of importance for the information which they give as to life and work
in Pennsylvania the first time it was actually affected by war, the first
time war really came home to Pennsylvanians. In all the history of Penn-
sylvania, only four wars have brought actual fighting to its soil — the
French and Indian War, the Pontiac War which was its sequel, the Revo-
lutionary War, and the Civil War. Of all these, the French and Indian
War offered the greatest potential threat to the progress of Pennsylvania
and its continued existence.
Information about many interesting topics abounds in this volume.
Indian paths, traders’ routes, and natural features are discussed in terms
of proposed routes for the military road. Pennsylvania and Virginia
leaders appear, officials, soldiers and business men. Colonel George Wash-
ington appears on the scene as commander of Virginia troops and — in a
rather odd light — as the stubborn advocate of Virginia interests in oppos-
ing the route of the Forbes Road. Even the farming population plays its
part, since it — sometimes perforce — supplied the wagons and horses and
staple supplies for the campaign. The diplomacy of the forest, through
which the British attempted to win the Indians over from the French
and to enlist their support or neutrality, also has its place, and many
details about Indian persons, villages, and attitudes will be found in
these pages.
This volume, although it is the first to be published, is actually the
second in the projected series of The Papers of Henry Bouquet. The
publication of the first volume chronologically, covering the papers through
Ma5q 1758, will be deferred, in the hope that additional material may be
uncovered for the more obscure early period of Bouquet’s career. The
letters and documents have been re-arranged in chronological order,
instead of retaining the British Museum’s serial arrangement as in the
mimeographed edition. All the letters from Bouquet, all the significant
letters to Bouquet, and any important related material within the period
have been included, but duplicates, accounts, routine reports, and similar
unimportant material have been omitted or published only as abstracts.
The main body of the papers of Henry Bouquet forms thirty series of the
British Museum’s Additional Manuscripts classification. Series 21631 to
21660. These papers are not complete. Many of Bouquet’s early letters
and papers were destroyed in a fire at the house of Robert Callender in
November, 1758. Still others of the period following seem to have been
lost. Bouquet’s remaining papers, after his death, came into the pos-
session of Frederick Haldimand, his friend and executor, and were given
by Haldimand’s heirs to the British Museum, together with Haldimand’s
own papers. For this reason the Bouquet Papers are sometimes listed as
part of the Haldimand Collection.
Bouquet’s letter books for 1757 and 1758, covering his service in Caro-
lina, form Series 21631 and 21632, and his military accounts for that
period are in Series 21633. Series 21634 is his correspondence with Sir
Jeffery Amherst, and Series 21634 is made up of governmental instruc-
IV
tions to Amherst. Bouquet’s correspondence with General Thomas Gage
is in Series 21636 and 21637. Series 21638 is composed of correspondence
with Generals Stanwix, Gage, Monckton, and others, 1759-1765. Series
21639 is his correspondence with Sir John St. Clair and Captain James
Sinclair, and Series 21640 is his correspondence with the Earl of Loudoun
and Brigadier General Forbes. Bouquet’s letters to and from Colonel
George Washington in 1758 form Series 21641. The correspondence W'ith
his friend Lewis Ourry is Series 21642. In Series 21643 to 21651 are letters
to Bouquet from various persons, his general incoming correspondence
from 1754 to 1765. His general outgoing correspondence is in Series 21652
and 21653. There are miscellaneous accounts and returns in Series 21654,
papers relating to Indian affairs in Series 21655, public orders in Series
21656, and general and regimental orders in Series 21657. Series 21659 is
the cash book for the Carolina campaign, and series 21660 is an inventory
of Bouquet’s belongings made after his death at Pensacola, Florida, Sep-
tember 2, 1765.
The Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division has photostatic repro-
ductions of almost all the Bouquet Papers in the British Museum, and the
Public Archives of Canada has handwritten transcripts of the complete
collection. The Massachusetts Historical Society also has some hand-
written transcripts, which were published in that society’s Collections,
Fourth Series, Volume IX. The Librar}^ of Congress copies were the chief
source for our transcripts from the main Bouquet collection, and we are
indebted to Dr. Luther Evans. Librarian of Congress, and to Dr. St.
George L. Sioussat and Dr. Solon J. Buck, former and present Chiefs of
the Manuscripts Division, for their long-continued cooperation and for
the loan of the photostats, not only once for the original copying but
repeatedly for the checking and re-checking wdiich was necessary. The
Public Archives of Canada was also most kind in supplying photostatic
copies of certain transcripts, w'here we wished to find out what other
copyists had made of doubtful passages.
Other Bouquet letters and documents have been found for the period
from June to December, 1758, which is covered in this volume. There
w'ere letters from Bouquet to George Washington in the Washington
Papers at the Library of Congress, and Bouquet items and references in
other collections such as the microfilm copies of the Amherst Papers in
the British Public Record Office. For these w'e make a second acknowledg-
ment. There w'ere letters from Bouquet to various Pennsylvanians in col-
lections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, as — for example —
letters to Edward Shippen and James Burd in the Shippen Papers. We
appreciate the cooperation of the Society in making this material avail-
able, and also the advice and suggestions of its Director, Richard Norris
Williams, 2d, and his staff. The American Philosophical Society also had
important Bouquet items, particularly in the Burd-Shippen Papers, and
the Maryland Historical Society had several in the Gilmor Papers. To
the American Philosophical Society and Dr. William E. Lingelbach, its
Librarian, and to the Maryland Historical Society and James Foster, its
Director, our thanks are due for these materials and for the interest they
have manifested in this project.
Many years ago, while the original mimeographed edition of the Papers
of Col. Henry Bouquet was in progress, the late Max Farrand, Director
of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Pasadena, California,
wrote to call attention to the Bouquet material in various collections in
that great depository, and to suggest that such material should be
incorporated with the material from the British Museum. The present
volume includes two letters from the Abercromby Papers as well as
Bouquet’s Orderly Book, for which acknowledgment is made to the Henry
E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
From the Commission’s Division of Public Records came several items
in the Provincial Papers and the Provincial Record (Minutes of the
Provincial Council), all previously published in the Pennsylvania Archives
and the Colonial Records, but re-published here for the sake of complete-
ness. The Pennsylvania Gazette, of which the Pennsylvania State Library
has a microfilm copy from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, fur-
nished several interesting letters from unidentified officers on the Forbes
campaign. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography once
published letters from Bouquet to Ann Willing, of which the originals can
no longer be found.
We also acknowledge the kindness of Mrs. H. P. Kidder, of Meadville,
in permitting the publication of an item on the Forbes campaign which
was in her family papers.
To Mrs. George A. Robbins, of Ambler, we are especially indebted for
permission to photograph and publish the original painting of Henry
Bouquet which is in her possession. This painting, which has been the
source of all the portraits of Bouquet published previously in various
works, has never before been reproduced directly from the original. It was
once customary to attribute this portrait to Benjamin West, but it seems
more likely that the artist was John Wollaston, who was painting in Phila-
delphia in 1758. The somewhat slanted “almond” eyes which may be
discerned in the Bouquet portrait are typical of Wollaston’s work. Nicholas
Wainwright, of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, helped us to
locate this painting.
For other illustrations we desire to thank Dr. Alfred P. James, Mr.
Henry King Siebeneck and the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania,
for the half-tone cut of Forbes; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
for the portrait of Sir John St. Clair; the State Planning Board, Depart-
ment of Commerce, for the aerial view of Laurel Ridge; and Warren J.
Daniel, Director of the State Land Office, Department of Internal Affairs,
for the survey of Bedford in 1766.
The original mimeographed edition of the Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet,
which appeared in nineteen volumes from 1940 to 1943, was necessarily
the basis for most of the present work. This was transcribed and mimeo-
VI
graphed by the W. P. A. Pennsylvania Historical Survey, under the
sponsorship of the Commission. The present editors were responsible for
that earlier work, with Leo J. Roland, as co-editor of several volumes.
Acknowledgment is made to the original project head, William F. Mann,
who initiated the work of transcribing the Bouquet Papers; to his suc-
cessor, Leo A. Madlehner, under whose capable management the nineteen
volumes were published; and to the many workers of the Survey who
copied and checked and typed the many pages of the original edition.
The editors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Paul A. W. Wallace,
the biographer of Conrad Weiser and the Muhlenbergs, for examining the
page proof and making numerous suggestions, particularly as to the notes
on Indian paths and villages and the route followed by Forbes. Doctor
Wallace has been making a special study of Indian paths for the Commis-
sion, and his help in this aspect of the notes has been invaluable.
We also thank William A. Hunter, Senior Archivist, for making avail-
able his notes on various Indian personalities and for aid in translating
a German letter of Christian Frederick Post; John Witthoft, State
Anthropologist, for information regarding Indian matters; and Miss Nell
B. Stevens, General Librarian of the Pennsylvania State Library, and
Mrs. Mary Kelker Sturges, Commission Librarian, for much helpful
assistance. Last but not least, the editors pay their respects to the
Commission’s administrative office — to Dr. Donald A. Cadzow, Executive
Director, whose friendly interest in this project from its inception helped
it to survive a number of crises, and to William P. Coombs, Comptroller,
who has been most patient in dealing with the financial matters incident
to the collection of material and the publication of this volume.
For advice and encouragement in this undertaking the editors also
thank Dr. Alfred P. James, of the University of Pittsburgh, whose edition
of the Writings 0/ General John Forbes has been very useful; Dr. Lawrence
H. Gipson, of Lehigh University; Colton Storm, of the William L. Clements
Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Dr. Julian P. Boyd, Librarian of Princeton
University and Editor of The Jefferson Papers; Miss Dorothy C. Barck,
Librarian of the New-York Historical Society; Mrs. Lois Mulkearn,
Librarian of the Darlington Memorial Library, University of Pittsburgh;
Dr. James J. Talman, of the University of Western Ontario; and Merle
H. Deardorff, of Warren.
We greatly appreciate the interest taken in this publication by Hon. P.
Bourgeois, Director of the Swiss National Library; by Hon. Maurice J.
Rohrback, Consul of Switzerland in Philadelphia; by the present Duke of
Portland; and by Major General Sir Hereward Wake, Colonel Com-
mandant of the King’s Royal Rifle Corps, which is descended from
Bouquet’s Royal American Regiment. For their efforts to uncover new
material on Bouquet we are most grateful, even though little has yet
been found.
The editors also wish to express their appreciation to the Dunlap Print-
ing Company and to Mr. John Finnegan, for the care and patience which
vii
has been manifested in the various stages of printing; and especially to
Mr. R. H. Huntington, for many helpful suggestions.
This work on The Papers of Henry Bouquet has been carried on under
several successive Commissions, both the old Pennsylvania Historical
Commission and the present Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Com-
mission. The present Commission, however, was the first to authorize the
preparation and printing of an annotated edition, and its Historical
Activities Committee, composed of Charles G. Webb, chairman. Miss
Frances Dorrance, Dr. John W. Oliver, and Richard Norris Williams, 2d,
has taken a keen interest in every stage of the work.
The editorial task has been a joint one, limited only by the responsibili-
ties of Dr. S. K. Stevens, State Historian, and Donald H. Kent, Associate
State Historian, in other phases of the Commission’s historical program.
Mrs. Autumn L. Leonard, Research Assistant, was immediately responsible
for checking the transcripts, preparing the notes, reading the proof, and
making the index. Doctor Stevens exercised general supervision, and made
the final rulings in all matters of policy. Mr. Kent was responsible for
the general form of the work and for the printing arrangements, as well
as for the transcripts and translations from the French. Many were the
doubtful readings, problems of identification, questions of method, and
the like, with which all the editors dealt. It was in a true sense a joint
editorship.
Great care has been taken to make a faithful reproduction of the orig-
inal documents, within the limitations of printed copies of manuscript
material. For example, it is not possible to show, in printed versions of
drafts for letters, all the insertions between the lines and in the margins;
they must be rearranged and organized into uniform lines. When words
have been crossed out or changed in the original, brackets are placed
around these words in the printed version, with a dagger referring to the
footnote “Stricken out.” It is thus possible to see both the original and
the revised versions of the drafts.
The capitalization, spelling, grammar, and punctuation are the same
as in the originals, so far as is humanly possible. When illegible or nearly
illegible words could be determined with some degree of certainty from
the sense of the sentence or in other ways, they were placed in brackets.
When there was any doubt, a question mark follows. When a word or
words must be entirely omitted because of illegibility, this is shown by
a line of dots in brackets. No attempt has been made to Indicate mis-
spelled words or grammatical errors by the use of sic. When it was doubtful
whether a punctuation mark was actually a period or a colon, colon or
semicolon, question mark or interrogation point, dash or period, the
most likely one was used.
The descriptions of the letters as autograph letters, drafts, etc., are
intended more as tentative suggestions than as a final determination of
their character. Exhaustive research into the handwriting might result
viii
in some changes. In all cases, they are obvious descriptions, made
conservatively.
The names of senders or recipients of letters have been bracketed in
the headings when there was any doubt as to their identification. Dates
missing in the headings have been supplied in brackets, when they could
be determined. The dates in the running heads are intended as a help
in using the volume.
Notes of reference, explanation and identification have been placed at
the end of each letter or document, in order to avoid repeating notes in
the case of French letters and their translations. The chief purpose of
the notes has been to assist the reader in understanding the material, not
to supply unneeded information which a person interested in Bouquet
and his period could be presumed to know'. Reference is duly made to
letters or documents mentioned in the text, whether printed in this
volume or elsewhere. Previous publication of any item is noted, so far
as possible. Translations of phrases and short passages in French are
supplied in the notes, but the translations of entire letters in French imme-
diately follow the originals. Except when necessary to avoid confusion,
persons and places have been identified only at first appearance.
Some of the papers have been omitted for lack of importance, either
because they had little connection w'ith the Forbes campaign and w’ith
Bouquet, or because thej' were returns and accounts w'hich seemed of
slight interest. In such cases, even though the document has been
omitted, the heading has been published with an abstract or summary
indicating the nature of its contents. Similarly, headings have been sup-
plied for missing letters of Bouquet, when from mention either in letters
he received or in subsequent letters, it is known that they existed. So
far as possible, the nature of the contents of these missing letters has
been supplied by conjecture, on the basis of the replies or later mention.
The arrangement of the papers is mainly chronological. Undated
materials have been placed where they seemed to fit. The length}' Orderly
Book, however, has been placed at the end, in order to avoid breaking the
continuity of the other papers.
Short chronologies outlining the principal events and movements have
been placed at the beginning of each month. These are Intended as a
help to the reader in finding the main threads as they develop. The index
is intended to cover only proper names, rather than subjects and topics.
References to Bouquet have been indexed only when they appear in the
body of a letter. A list of the letters and papers of this period follows
the table of contents.
To the many who have helped in this undertaking, our thanks are again
repeated. If any w'ho have helped by advice or encouragement or in-
formation have been overlooked — and this is almost inevitable in work
spanning a dozen years — , they are assured that the omission was un-
intentional.
IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Foreword iii
List of Papers, June 1-December 31, 1758 xiii
Illustrations xxv
Table of Abbreviations xxvii
Bibliography xxix
Papers of Henry Bouquet 1
June, 1758 1
July, 1758 156
August, 1758 298
September, 1758 458
October, 1758 548
November, 1758 593
December, 1758 617
Bouquet’s Orderly Book, June 17-September 15, 1758 656
Index 691
XI
*■ 'l/'- . ,
LIST OF PAPERS, JUNE 1-DECEMBER 31, 1758
Names
Date
1758
Place
Page
Forbes: Memoranda c.
June
1
Philadelphia
1
Petition: Berks Co. Wagoners c.
June
1
Berks County ....
3
Bouquet to West
June
2
Carlisle
4
Callender to Bouquet
June
2
Fort Loudoun ....
Forbes to Bouquet
June
2
Philadelphia
6
Stevenson to Bouquet
June
2
Lancaster
7
Bouquet-Billings Account . . .
June
3
Carlisle
8
[Bouquet to Callender]* ....
June
a
Carlisle
10
Bouquet to Forbes
June
3
Carlisle
10
Bouquet: List of Stores
June
3
Carlisle
21
Bouquet to St. Clair
June
3
Carlisle
22
Bouquet to Shippen
June
3
Carlisle
26
[Bouquet to Shippen]
June
3
Carlisle
27
Bouquet to Stevenson
June
3
Carlisle
27
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
a
Winchester
29
Martha May to Bouquet ....
June
4
Carlisle
30
Shippen to Bouquet
Bouquet to Magistrates of
June
4
Lancaster
30
Berks Co.
June
5
Carlisle
31
[Bouquet to St. Clair]
June
5
Carlisle
32
[Bouquet to Stephen] c.
June
5
Carlisle
32
Bouquet to Weiser
June
June
5
Carlisle
33
Hugh Mercer to Bouquet ....
5
Fort Littleton . . . .
34
Jameson to Bouquet
June
5
York
35
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
5
Winchester
35
Trent to Bouquet
June
5
Fort Loudoun . . .
36
Forbes to Bouquet
June
6
Philadelphia
39
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
6
Conococheague . . .
40
Stephen to Bouquet
June
6
Fort Loudoun . . . .
41
[Bouquet to Allan AlacLean]
June
7
Carlisle
42
Bouquet to Forbes
June
June
7
Carlisle
42
Stephen to Bouquet
7
Fort Loudoun . . . .
52
Trent to Bouquet
June
7
Fort Loudoun . . . .
54
[Bosomworth to Bouquet] . . c.
June
8
Fort Loudoun . .
54
Callender to Bouquet
June
8
Fort Loudoun . . .
54
[John Armstrong to Bouquet] c.
June
8
Lancaster
55
[Trent to Bouquet] c.
June
8
Fort Loudoun . . .
55
Allan MacLean to Bouquet . .
June
9
Lancaster
56
Billings to Bouquet
June
9
Carlisle
57
* In this list brackets around both names indicate missing letters.
xiii
Names
Date
Place
Page
1758
Bouquet: Orders to Joseph
Shippen
June
9
Shippensburg ....
58
Hoops to Bouquet
June
9
Carlisle
59
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
9
Winchester
60
Shippen to Bouquet
June
9
Lancaster
63
Forbes to Bouquet
June
10
Philadelphia
64
Hoops to Bouquet
June
10
Carlisle
66
Bouquet to Forbes
June
11
Fort Loudoun . . . .
67
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
11
Winchester
76
Bouquet: Memoranda
June
12
Conococheague
79
John Armstrong to Bouquet. .
June
12
Carlisle
81
Bouquet to Sharpe
June
13
Conococheague . . .
82
Washington: Memoranda . . .
June
13
Conococheague . . .
83
Bouquet to Forbes
June
14
Fort Loudoun . . .
84
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
June
14
Fort Loudoun . . .
90
Weiser to Bouquet
June
14
Reading
90
[Bouquet to Bosomworth]
c.
June
15
Fort Loudoun . . .
91
[Bouquet to Hoops]
June
IS
Fort Loudoun . . .
92
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
June
IS
Fort Loudoun
92
Bosomworth to Bouquet ....
June
16
Fort Loudoun . .
92
Bouquet to Forbes
June
16
Fort Loudoun . . .
93
Bouquet: Speech to Cherokees
and Catawbas
c.
June
16
Fort Loudoun . . .
98
Speech to Indians
no date
101
[Bouquet to Ourry]
c.
June
16
Fort Loudoun . . .
101
Bouquet to St. Clair
June
16
Fort Loudoun . . .
102
Forbes to Bouquet
June
16
Philadelphia
103
Bullitt to Bouquet
June
17
Carlisle
105
Hoops to Bouquet
June
17
Carlisle
105
John Armstrong to Bouquet. .
June
17
Carlisle
107
Lloyd to Bouquet
June
17
Carlisle
108
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
17
Carlisle
109
Bosomworth to Bouquet ....
Tune
18
Fort Loudoun . . .
110
Cresap to St. Clair
June
19
Old Town
111
Forbes to Bouquet
June
19
Philadelphia
112
Form for Suttlers’ Licenses . .
c.
June
19
Philadelphia
114
Halkett to Bouquet
June
19
Philadelphia
114
Ourry to Bouquet
June
19
Fort Loudoun . . .
115
[Bouquet to St. Clair]
June
20
Juniata
116
[Hugh Mercer to Bouquet] . .
June
20
Fort Littleton . . .
116
Bouquet to Forbes . .
June
21
Juniata
116
Bouquet to Forbes
June
22
Juniata
125
Plan of Post at Juniata
June
22
Juniata
128
[Bouquet to Glen]
June
xiv
22
Juniata
129
Names
Date
Place
Page
[Bouquet to Hoops]
1758
June 22
Juniata
129
Bouquet to [Hugh Mercer?] .
June
22
Juniata
129
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
22
Carlisle
130
Monckton to Abercromby:
Abstract
June
23
Halifax
131
Journal of Louisburg Expedi-
tion: Abstract
Callender to Bouquet
June
25
Carlisle
132
132
Hoops to Bouquet
June
26
Carlisle
133
Bouquet to Washington
June
27
Raystown
134
Forbes to Bouquet
June
27
Philadelphia
135
St. Clair to Bouquet
June
27
Carlisle
138
Billings to Bouquet
June
28
Fort Loudoun
139
Bouquet to Forbes
June
28
Ravstown
140
[Bouquet to St. Clair]
June
28
Ravstown
145
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
June
28
Carlisle
145
[Bouquet to Hoops]
June
29
Raystown
146
Gordon to Bouquet
June
29
Juniata
146
Bouquet to St. Clair
(A. Df. S.)
June
30
Raystown
147
Bouquet to St. Clair
(A. Df.)
June
June
30
Raystown
150
St. Clair to Bouquet
30
Carlisle
153
Bouquet to Washington ....
Tuly
1
Raystown
156
Bouquet to Gordon
July
2
Raystown
156
Gordon to Bouquet
July
2
luniata
157
Washington to Bouquet ....
[uly
3
Fort Cumberland
157
Washington to Bouquet ....
lulv
3
Fort Cumberland
159
[Bouquet to Billings]
July
4
Raystown
160
Ourrv to Bouquet
July
4
Fort Loudoun . .
160
Glen to Bouquet
July
5
Fort Cumberland .
163
Stanwix to Forbes: Abstract .
July
5
Albany
163
Forbes to Bouquet
July
6
Carlisle
163
Morgan to Bouquet
July
7
Juniata
165
Morgan to Bouquet
July
7
Juniata
166
Washington to Bouquet
July
7
Fort Cumberland
167
[Bouquet to Glen]
July
8
Raystowm
168
Bouquet to Washington ....
July
8
Raystown
169
Halkett to Bouquet
July
8
Carlisle
170
Ourrv to Bouquet
July
8
Fort Loudoun ...
170
Ourrv to Bouquet
July
8
Fort Loudoun ...
171
Ourry: Account of Expendi-
tures
July
8
Fort Loudoun ....
172
Byrd to Bouquet
July
XV
9
Fort Cumberland .
173
■>
Names
Stanwix to De Lancey: Ab-
stract
Washington to Bouquet
[Bouquet to Byrd]
Bouquet to Forbes
[Bouquet to Glen] c.
[Bouquet to Ourry]
Bouquet to Washington
Forbes to Bouquet
Grant to Bouquet
James Sinclair to Bouquet . .
Indian Conference
Memorial; Quakers to Denny
De Lancey to Denny: Ab-
stract
Ourry to Bouquet
Peters to Forbes
Bouquet to Forbes
[Bouquet to Ourry]
Morgan to Bouquet
Ourry to Bouquet
Washington to Bouquet
Washington to Bouquet . .
Bosomworth to Bouquet . . .
[Bouquet to George Mercer]c.
Bouquet to Washington
Forbes to Bouquet
Glen to Bouquet
Hoops to Bouquet
Bouquet to Forbes (A. L. S.)
Bouquet to Forbes (A. Df. ) .
[Bouquet to St. Clair]
James Sinclair to Bouquet . . .
Washington to Bouquet ....
[Bouquet to Lewis]
Colden to Halkett: Abstract .
Forbes to Bouquet
Lewis to Bouquet
Officer of Duquesne Expedi-
tion: Extract of Letter . . .
Sinclair: Orders for Provisions
[Bouquet to Washington]
Ourry to Bouquet
Date Place Pdg^
1758
July 9 Albany 174
July 9 Port Cumberland 174
July 11 Raystown 175
July 11 Raystown 175
July 11 Raystown 183
July 11 Raystown 183
July 11 Raystown 183
July 11 Carlisle 184
July 11 Carlisle 185
July 11 Carlisle 187
July 11-
12 Phdadelphia 187
July 12 Philadelphia 194
July 12 New York 196
July 12 Port Loudoun ... 196
July 12 Philadelphia 197
July 13 Raystown 199
July 13 Raystown 200
July 13 Juniata 200
July 13 Port Loudoun .... 201
July 13 Port Cumberland . 202
July 13 Fort Cumberland 203
July 14 Fort Cumberland 204
July 14 Raystown 205
July 14 Raystown 205
July 14 Carlisle 207
July 14 210
July 14 Carlisle 211
July 15 Raystown 212
July 15 Raystown 218
July 15 Raystown 220
July 16 Carlisle 221
July 16 Fort Cumberland . 221
July 17 Raystown 223
July 17 New York 223
July 17 Carlisle 224
July 17 226
July 17 Fort Loudoun ... 226
July 17 Carlisle 227
July 19 Raystown 228
July 19 Fort Loudoun .... 228
xvi
Xa mes
James Sinclair to Bouquet . . .
Washington to Bouquet ....
[Bouquet to Washington] . .
FnrKpc tn BnunilPI'
Date
1758
Tulv 19
lulv 19
lulv 20
Tiilv 10
Place
Carlisle
Fort Cumberland
Idavstown
Carlisle
Page
230
230
231
232
St. Clair to Bouquet
July
20
Carlisle
233
Vernon to Washington
July
20
Winchester
233
Baker: Report on Road c.
July
—
234
Clayton: Report on Road c.
July
—
236
Ward: Journal of Distances . c.
July
—
237
Ward: Report on Road . . c.
lulv
—
243
Order to Impress Wagons
July
21
Philadelphia
247
Bouquet to Forbes
July
21
Ravstown
248
Ourry to Bouquet
July
21
Fort Loudoun ...
256
Washington to Bouquet ....
July
21
Fort Cumberland
258
Gordon to Bouquet
July
22
Ravstown
259
Bosomworth: Calculation of
Expense for Indians
July
23
Raystown
260
Bouquet to Forbes
lulv
23
Ravstown
260
Bouquet to Washington . . .
lulv
23
Ravstown
263
Forbes to Bouquet
Tulv
23
Carlisle
264
Halkett to Bouquet
jufv
23
Carlisle
267
Bouquet to Washington ....
Julv
24
I4avstown
268
Washington to Bouquet ....
July
24
Fort Cumberland
270
George Armstrong to Bouquet
Tulv
23
Edmund’s Swamp .
271
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
July
25
Fort Loudoun ...
272
Washington to Bouquet ....
Julv
25
Fort Cumberland
273
Bouquet to Forbes
July
26
Ravstown
275
Dunning: Estimate of Dis-
tances c.
Tulv
—
279
George xArmstrong to Bouquet
Tulv
26
Kickenapauling’s . .
280
Bouquet to Washington ....
July
27
Ravstown
281
George Armstrong to Bouquet
July
27
Kickenapauling’s . .
283
Washington to Bouquet
lulv
28
Fort Cumberland
284
George Armstrong to Bouquet
Tulv
29
Kickenapauling’s
285
George Armstrong to Bouquet
July
30
Kickenapauling’s . .
286
Bouquet to Forbes
Tulv
31
Raystown
287
Rhor: Report on Road c.
Julv
31
294
Halkett to Bouquet
Tulv
31
Carlisle
294
Ross: Calculation for Trans-
portation of Provisions . c.
July
—
Fort Frederick . .
296
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
2
Fort Cumberland
298
Forbes to Bouquet
Aug.
2
Carlisle
303
George Armstrong to Bouquet
Aug.
2
Drowndlng Creek
307
Halkett to Bouquet
Aug.
2
Carlisle
307
xvii
Names
Date
Place
Page
Tulleken to Bouquet
1758
Aug. 2
Albany
308
Bouquet to Forbes
Aug.
3
Raystown
311
[Bouquet to Washington] . . .
Aug.
3
Raystown
314
Bosomworth ; Indian Intelli-
p;ence
Aug.
Aug.
4
Raystown
315
Bouquet to Washington ....
4
Raystown
315
[Bouquet to George Arm-
strong]
Aug.
Aug.
5
Raystown
316
[Bouquet to Ourry]
6
Raystown
316
[Bouquet to Stephen] c.
Aug.
6
Raystown
316
Ourry to Bouquet
Aug.
6
Fort Loudoun
317
Washington to Bouquet ...
Aug.
6
Fort Cumberland
318
George Armstrong to Bouquet
Aug.
7
Drownding Creek
320
Halkett to Bouquet
Aug.
7
Carlisle
322
Allan MacLean to Bouquet . .
Aug.
7
Shawnee Cabins
323
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
7
Fort Cumberland
323
Allen: Report on Fort Du-
quesne
Aug.
324
James Patterson: Journal . . .
Aug.
—
327
Bouquet to Forbes
Aug.
8
Raystown
330
[Bouquet to Ourry]
Aug.
8
Raystown
340
George Armstrong to Bouquet
Aug.
8
Drownding Creek
340
Stephen to Bouquet
Aug.
8
Edmund’s Swamp
341
Bouquet to Washington ... c.
Aug.
9
Raystown
343
Forbes to Bouquet
Aug.
9
Carlisle
344
Halkett to Bouquet
Aug.
10
Carlisle
346
Ourry to Bouquet
Aug.
10
Fort Loudoun
346
Stephen to Bouquet
Aug.
10
Edmund’s Swamp
349
Bouquet to Washington ...
Aug.
10
Raystown
350
Rates and Prices at Raystown
Aug.
10
Raystown
352
Bouquet to Forbes
Aug.
11
Raystown
354
[Bouquet to St. Clair]
Aug.
11
Raystown
357
[Bouquet to Stephen]
Aug.
11
Ra3^stown
357
George Armstrong to Bouquet
Aug.
11
Drownding Creek
357
Ourry to Bouquet
Aug.
11
Fort Loudoun ...
358
St. Clair to Bouquet
Aug.
12
Allegheny Mt
359
St. Clair to Bouquet
Aug.
12
Allegheny" Mt
360
Stephen to Bouquet c.
Aug.
12
Edmund’s Swamp
361
Thompson to Stephen
Aug.
12
Quemahoning Creek
362
[Sharpe to Bouquet]
Aug.
13
Fort Frederick ...
363
Stephen to Bouquet
Aug.
13
Edmund’s Swamp
363
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
13
Fort Cumberland
364
Washington to St. Clair
Aug.
13
Fort Cumberland
365
[Bouquet to St. Clair] . . . .
Aug.
14
Raystown
366
xvili
Names
Date
Place
Page
[Bouquet to St. Clair] .
1758
Aug.
>
15
Raystown
366
Forbes to Bouquet ....
Aug.
IS
Shippensburg
366
Lauchlin MacLeane to
quet
Bou-
Aug.
15
Highland Camp
368
Stephen to Bouquet . . .
Aug.
15
Edmund’s Swamp
370
Post to Forbes
. . . . c.
Aug.
15
371
[Bouquet to Came] . . .
Aug.
16
Raystown
372
[Bouquet to Fless] ....
Aug.
16
Raystown
372
St. Clair to Bouquet . .
Aug.
16
Allegheny Mt
372
[Bouquet to Hess] ....
Aug.
17
Raystown
374
Bouquet to Washington
Aug.
17
Raystown
374
St. Clair to Bouquet . . .
Aug.
17
Allegheny Mt. ...
376
Bouquet to Forbes ....
Aug.
18
Ra3fStown
377
P'orbes to Bouquet ....
Aug.
18
Shippensburg
382
Halkett to Bouquet ....
Aug.
18
Shippensburg
385
Stephen to Bouquet . .
Aug.
18
Stony Run
386
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
18
Fort Cumberland
387
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
19
Fort Cumberland
389
Abercromby to Johnson:
stract ....
Ab-
Aug.
20
Lake George
390
Bouquet to Forbes ....
Aug.
20
Raystown
391
St. Clair to Bouquet
Aug.
20
Fort Dewart
400
[Bouquet to Forbes] . .
Aug.
21
Loj^alhanna
400
Colby Chew: Report on
Road c.
Aug.
21
Ra5'stown
400
Bouquet to Washington
Aug.
21
Raystown
404
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
21
Fort Cumberland
405
[Bouquet to Tulleken] .
Aug.
22
Raj'stown
406
Bouquet to Burd
c.
Aug.
23
Ra^'stown
406
Bouquet to St. Clair . . .
Aug.
23
Raystown
408
Bouquet to Sharpe ....
Aug.
23
Raj'stown
410
[Bouquet to Stephen] .
c.
Aug.
23
Ra^'stown
410
Bouquet to Washington
Aug.
23
Raystown
411
St. Clair to Bouquet . .
Aug.
23
Edmund’s Swamp .
411
St. Clair to Bouquet .
Aug.
23
Stony Creek
413
St. Clair to Bouquet
Aug.
23
Kickenapauling’s . .
414
[Bouquet to St. Clair] .
Aug.
24
Raystown
415
Stephen to Bouquet
Aug.
24
Kickenapauling’s
415
Washington to Bouquet
Aug.
24
Fort Cumberland
416
Bouquet to Burd
Aug.
25
Raystown
417
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Aug.
25
Raystown
418
Bouquet to Burd
Aug.
26
Ra^’stown
418
Bouquet to Forbes .
Aug.
26
Raystown
420
Bouquet to Washington
Aug.
26
Raj^stown
425
Burd to Bouquet
Aug.
26
Fort Dewart
427
xix
Names
Date
1758
Place
Page
Halkett to Bouquet
Aug.
26
Shippensburg
428
[James Grant to Bouquet] . c.
Aug.
26
429
[Rhor to Bouquet] c.
Aug.
26
430
Stephen to Bouquet
Aug.
26
Quemahoning Creek
430
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Aug.
27
Raystown
433
Bouquet to St. Clair
Aug.
27
Raystown
433
St. Clair to Bouquet
Aug.
27
Kickenapauling’s . .
434
Bouquet to St. Clair
Aug.
28
Raystown
435
Burd to Bouquet
Aug.
28
Quemahoning Creek
436
Burd to Bouquet
Aug.
28
Quemahoning Creek
438
[Bouquet to Stephen] c.
Aug.
28
Raystown
439
Forbes to Bouquet
Aug.
28
Shippensburg
439
John Armstrong to Bouquet
Aug.
28
Fort Dewart
442
Washington to Bouquet ....
Aug.
28
Fort Cumberland
443
Bouquet to Burd
Aug.
29
Raystown
444
[Bouquet to Grant]
Aug.
29
Raystown
445
Burd to Bouquet
Aug.
29
Quemahoning Creek
445
Bouquet to Washington . .
Aug.
30
Raystown
446
Burd to Bouquet
Aug.
30
Quemahoning Creek
448
Bouquet to Forbes
Aug.
31
Raystown
449
Bouquet to Washington ...
Aug.
31
Raystown
452
Burd to Bouquet
Aug.
31
Clearfields
453
Bouquet to Burd
Sept.
1
Raystown
458
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Sept.
1
Raystown
459
Burd to Bouquet
Sept.
1
Clearfields
459
Forbes to Bouquet
Sept.
2
Shippensburg
460
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Sept.
2
Stony Creek
463
Washington to Bouquet ....
Sept.
2
Fort Cumberland .
465
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Sept.
3
Belle Air
466
Bouquet to Forbes
Sept.
4
Raystown
467
Bouquet to Forbes
Sept.
4
Raystown
474
Bouquet to Washington ....
Sept.
4
Raystown
475
Forbes to Bouquet
Sept.
4
Shippensburg
477
Burd to Bouquet
Sept.
6
Loyalhanna
478
Barnsley to Bouquet
Sept.
7
Albany
480
Bouquet to James Sinclair . .
Sept.
9
Loyalhanna
482
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Sept.
9
Loyalhanna
483
Forbes to Dennv
Sept.
9
Fort Loudoun . ,
483
Bosomworth to Bouquet ....
Sept.
10
Raystown
486
Bouquet to Gordon
Sept.
10
Loyalhanna
487
Gordon to Bouquet
Sept.
10
Loyalhanna
487
Hugh Mercer to Bouquet . . .
Sept.
10
Raystown
488
James Young to Bouquet . . .
Sept.
10
Raystown
489
Bouquet to Forbes
Sept.
XX
11
Loyalhanna
489
Names Date Place P^E^
1758
[Bouquet to Forbes]
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
495
Bouquet to Hamilton
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
495
[Bouquet to Hugh Mercer] . .
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
496
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
496
[Bouquet to James Sinclair] .
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
496
Bouquet to Stephen
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
496
Hamilton to Bouquet
Sept.
13
Loyalhanna
497
James Sinclair to Bouquet
Sept.
13
Raystown
497
Bouquet to Hugh Mercer . . .
Sept.
14
Loyalhanna
498
Dagworthv to Bouquet
Sept.
14
The Three Redoubts
499
Grant to Forbes c.
Sept.
14
499
Hugh Meicer to Kouquet
Sept.
14
Ravstown
505
James Sinclair to Bouquet . .
Sept.
14
Raystown
506
List of Casualties at Fort Du-
quesne
Sept.
14
508
James Sinclair to Bouquet . . .
Sept.
15
Raystown
510
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Sept.
15
Stonv Creek
510
Stephen to Bouquet
Sept.
15
Dagworthy's Camp
511
Stephen to Bouquet
Sept.
15
Dagworthy’s Camp
512
Bouquet to Forbes
Sept.
17
Loyalhanna
513
[Bouquet to James Sinclair]
Sept.
17
Loyalhanna
522
[Bouquet to John Armstrong] c.
Sept.
17
Loyalhanna
522
Forbes to Bouquet
Sept.
17
Ravstown
522
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Sept.
17
Stony Creek
524
Bouquet to Blane
Sept.
19
Loyalhanna
525
Bouquet to De Ligneris . . .
Sept.
19
Loyalhanna
526
Forbes to Barrow: Abstract .
Sept.
19
Ravstown
527
Joseph Shippen to Edward
Shippen
Sept.
Sept.
19
Ravstown
527
Estimate for Building Bateaux
20
Lo3^alhanna
529
Hess to Bouquet
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
20
Lancaster
529
Inventory: Effects of Officers
and Troops
20
Loyalhanna
53 1
James Sinclair to Bouquet . . .
20
Ravstown
532
De Ligneris to Bouquet . . .
Sept.
22
Fort Duquesne . . .
533
List of English Prisoners ....
Sept.
22
Fort Duquesne ....
534
Forbes to Bouquet
Sept.
23
Raystown
535
James Sinclair to Bouquet . . .
Sept.
23
Raystown
539
Bouquet to De Ligneris . . .
Sept.
24
Loyalhanna
539
Bouquet to De Rocheblave .
Sept.
24
Loyalhanna
540
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Sept.
24
Stonv Creek
542
Instructions to Burd
Sept.
xxi
25
Loyalhanna
543
Navies
Date
Place
Page
1758
Alexander Beall; Report of
Distances
Sept.
27
545
Burd to Bouquet
Sept.
29
Loyalhanna
545
Tulleken to Bouquet
Oct.
1
Albany
548
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
5
Raystown
549
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
10
Raystown
550
Bouquet to Burd
Oct.
12
Stony Creek
551
[Bouquet to James Sinclair] . c.
Oct.
12
Stony Creek
552
Burd to Bouquet
Oct.
12
Loyalhanna
552
Bouquet to Burd
Oct.
13
Fort Dudgeon . , .
553
[Bouquet to Forbes]
Oct.
13
Fort Dudgeon . . .
554
Bouquet to Forbes
Oct.
13
Fort Dudgeon . .
554
Burd to Bouquet
Oct.
13
Loyalhanna
556
James Sinclair to Bouquet . .
Oct.
13
Raystown
557
Extract of Letter
Oct.
14
Loyalhanna
558
[Bouquet to Forbes]
Oct.
14
Stony Creek
558
[Burd to Bouquet]
Oct.
14
Loyalhanna
558
Bouquet to Forbes
Oct.
15
Stony Creek
558
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
15
Raystown
561
James Sinclair to Bouquet .
Oct.
15
Raystown
563
Memorandum: Lost Rifle . . .
Oct.
15
564
Ourry to Bouquet
Oct.
15
Lancaster
565
Bouquet to Burd
Oct.
16
Stony Creek
565
Extract of Letter
Oct.
16
Raystown
566
James Sinclair to Bouquet
Oct.
18
Raystown
568
Cochrane to Bouquet
Oct.
19
Fort Edward . . . .
568
Hamilton to Bouquet
Oct.
19
Loyalhanna
569
Bouquet to Forbes
Oct.
20
Loyalhanna
570
Bouquet to Forbes
Oct.
20
Loyalhanna
575
Bouquet to Forbes
Oct.
20
Loyalhanna
581
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
21
Raystown
582
Bouquet: Notes on Arrival of
Artillery c.
Oct.
22
Loyalhanna
583
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
25
Raystown
584
Came to Bouquet
Oct.
27
Charlestown
587
Bouquet to Forbes
Oct.
28
Loyalhanna
587
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
30
Stony Creek
590
Forbes to Bouquet
Oct.
31
Stony Creek
591
Bouquet: Proposals for Winter
Expedition c.
Nov.
5
Loyalhanna
593
Bouquet: Detail for March . . c.
Nov.
5
Loyalhanna
595
Report of Bread
Nov.
6
Loyalhanna
596
Washington to Bouquet . . . . c.
Nov.
6
Loyalhanna
597
Bouquet: Council of War . . .
Nov.
11
Loyalhanna
598
xxii
N a mes
Date
Place
Page
1758
Cochrane to Bouquet
Nov.
12
Albany
601
Questions about Fort Ligonier
Nov.
16
Loyalhanna
602
1 Bouquet to Forbes] c.
Nov.
17
Loyalhanna
603
Washington to Bouquet ....
Nov.
17
Bushy Run
603
Forbes to Washington
Nov.
20
Lo5^alhanna
603
Tulleken to Bouquet
Nov.
20
New York
605
Forbes to Bouquet
Nov.
22
Loyalhanna
606
Bouquet to Anne Willing . . .
Nov.
25
Fort Duquesne
608
Bouquet to Stanwix
Nov.
25
Fort Duquesne . . .
609
[Bouquet to Tulleken]
Nov.
25
Fort Duquesne . . .
609
Bouquet to William Allen . . .
Nov.
25
Fort Duquesne . . .
610
Extract of Letter
Nov.
26
Fort Duquesne . . .
612
Extract of Letter
Nov.
28
Fort Duquesne . . .
613
Washington to Bouquet ....
Nov.
29
615
Lander to Bouquet
Nov.
30
Fort Duquesne . . .
615
Bouquet to Burd
Dec.
1
Pittsburgh
617
[Bouquet to Stephen]
Dec.
1
Fort Duquesne . . .
618
Stephen to Bouquet
Dec.
2
618
Bouquet to the Duke of Port-
land
Dec.
3
Fort Duquesne . . .
618
Conference with Delawares . .
Dec.
4
Pittsburgh
621
Forbes to Bouquet
Dec.
4
Bouquet Camp . . .
627
Bullitt to Bouquet
Dec.
8
Raystown
628
[Bouquet to Ourry]
Dec.
12
Fort Ligonier
628
Hoops to Bouquet
Dec.
14
Fort Bedford
628
Clark to St. Clair
Dec.
15
Carlisle
629
Clark: State of Provisions at
Lancaster
Dec.
15
Carlisle
630
Paine to Bouquet
Dec.
15
Raystown
630
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Dec.
16
Raystown
631
Ourry to Bouquet
Dec.
16
Fort Bedford
631
Tulleken to Bouquet . .
Dec.
16
New York
633
[Bouquet to Ourry]
Dec.
17
Fort Ligonier
635
Hugh Mercer to Bouquet . .
Dec.
19
Pittsburgh
635
Alexander Campbell to Bou-
quet
Dec.
20
Fort Bedford
637
Ourry to Bouquet
Dec.
20
Fort Bedford
637
[Bouquet to Hugh Wallace]
Dec.
23
Fort Ligonier
639
Hugh Mercer to Bouquet .
Dec.
23
Pittsburgh
639
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Dec.
23
Fort Ligonier
641
[Bouquet to Ourry] . .
Dec.
23-
24
Fort Ligonier
641
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Dec.
24
Fort Ligonier
641
[Bouquet to John Armstrong]
Dec.
26
Fort Ligonier
641
xxili
Names
Date
1758
Place
Page
Bouquet to Hugh Mercer . . .
Dec.
26
Fort Ligonier
642
Ourry to Bouquet
Dec.
26
Fort Bedford
645
John Armstrong to Bouquet .
Dec.
27
Fort Bedford
646
[Bouquet to Halkett] c.
Dec.
27
Fort Ligonier
647
Halkett to Bouquet
Dec.
28
Tomahawk Camp .
647
Halkett to Bouquet
Dec.
29
Allegheny Mt
648
Halkett to Bouquet
Dec.
31
Fort Bedford
649
Basset to Bouquet
Distances from Pittsburgh to
Dec.
31
Fort Bedford
650
Carlisle c.
Distances from Cumberland to
Dec.
—
651
Carlisle c.
Bouquet: Memorandum on
Dec.
—
653
Braddock’s Road c.
Bouquet’s Orderly Book ....
Dec.
June
17-
654
Sept. 15 Littleton-Raystown
656
XXIV
ILLUSTRATIONS
Henry Bouquet
From painting in possession of Mrs. George A. Robbins, Ambler,
Pennsylvania Frontispiece
General John Forbes (1710-1759)
From painting in possession of The Royal Scots Greys Regiment,
Aldershot, England. Courtesy of Ffenry K. Siebeneck and the His-
torical Society of Western Pennsylvania before page 1
Signatures of Berks County Wagoners
B.M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 134 after page 4
Frontiers of Virginia
B.M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 14 after page 82
Plan of Post, Probably at the Juniata Crossings
B.M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 47 page 128
Survey of Bedford Lands — 1766
Courtesy of State Land Office, Department of Internal Affairs ... after page 146
Sir John St. Clair, Baronet, Deputy Quarter Master Gen-
eral in America
From Miniature by Copley, in possession of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania after page 152
Order to impress wagons in Lancaster County, issued by
Governor Denny, July 21, 1758
Courtesy of Mrs. H. P. Kidder, Meadville, Pennsylvania page 247
An Aerial View of Laurel Hill at Point Where Forbes’ Road
Crossed
Courtesy of State Planning Board, Department of Commerce after page 456
Return of Killed and Wounded at Loyalhanna
H. S. P. Gratz Collection, Colonial Wars, 1745-1763 after page 552
Letter, Bouquet to Sharpe
Maryland Historical Society, Gilmot Papers, II, f. 8, A.L.S after page 654
XXV
i
A
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS
AB.
Abercromby Papers
A.C.S.
Autograph Copy Signed
Add. MSS.
Additional Manuscripts
A. Df.
Autograph Draft
A. Df. S.
Autograph Draft Signed
A.D.S.
Autograph Document Signed
A.L.S.
Autograph Letter Signed
A.N.
Autograph Note
A.N.S.
Autograph Note Signed
A.P.S.
American Philosophical Society
Arch. Nat.
Archives Nationales
B. M.
British Museum
C.
Copy
Col. Rees.
Colonial Records
D.
Document
DAB
Dictionary oj American Biography
Df.
Draft
Df. S.
Draft Signed
DNB
Dictionary oj National Biography
D.S.
Document Signed
f.
folio
HM.
Huntington Manuscripts
H.S.P.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
L. C.
Library of Congress
LO.
Loudon Papers
L.S.
Letter Signed
Md. Arch.
Archives of Maryland
N.
Note
N.S.
Note Signed
Pa. Arch.
Pennsylvania Archives
P.R.O.
Public Record Office
Prov. Rees.
Provincial Records
W. 0.
War Office
XXVll
<■
■it
■ ?
A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Manuscript Sources
American Philosophical Society [A.P.S.], Philadelphia.
Benjamin Franklin Papers.
Burd-Shippen Papers.
Archives Nationales [Arch. Nat.], Colonies, Series A, Canada, Correspondence
Generale, Vol. 104.
(Photostatic copies in Library of Congress.)
British Museum Additional Manuscripts [B. M., Add. MSS.].
Bouquet Papers, Series 21631-21660.
(Photostatic copies in Library of Congress.)
(Transcripts in Public Archives of Canada.)
Duke of Portland Manuscripts, Welbeck Abbey, Worksop, England.
Bentinck Papers.
Friends’ Book Store, Philadelphia.
Manuscripts Division; Papers Relating to The Friendly Association, 1756-1774, 4 vols.
Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Pasadena, California.
Abercromby Papers [AB.].
Huntington Manuscripts [HM.]: Colonel Henry Bouquet Orderly Book.
Loudoun Papers [LO.].
Historical Society of Pennsylvania [H.S.P.], Philadelphia.
Dreer Collection: Letters of Officers Serving in America before the Revolution.
Gratz Collection: Colonial Wars, 1745-1763; Commercial Records; Papers of The
Friendly Association.
Penn Papers: Indian Affairs, Vol. Ill; Official Correspondence, Vol. IX.
Shippen Papers: Joseph Shippen Orderly Book; Shippen Family Papers, Vol. HI;
Shippen Military Letter Book; Shippen Military Papers, Vol. IX.
Society Manuscript Collection: Miscellaneous Papers, 1655-1805.
Library of Congress, [L. C.].
Papers of George Washington, Vol. VHI — IX.
Toner Manuscript Collection: Washington Orderly Book.
Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore.
Gilmor Papers, Vol. 11.
Muster Rolls for Fort Cumberland, 1757-1758.
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Division of Public Records, Harrisburg,
Provincial Records [Prov. Rees.].
Public Record Office [P.R.O.], London.
War Office [W.O.] 1; Secretary of War, In-Letters.
(Transcripts of various items in Library of Congress.)
War Office 34: Amherst Papers.
(Microfilm cop}^ in Library of Congress.)
XXIX
Printed Works
Appleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biography, James Grant Wilson and John Fiske, eds.
New York, 1888-1889. 6 vols. Also revised edition, 1918.
Archives of Maryland, Vol. IX, William Hand Browne, ed. (Correspondence of Governor
Horatio Sharpe, Vol. H, 1757-1761). Baltimore, 1890. [Md. Arch.]
Bouquet, Henry, The Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet, S. K. Stevens and D. H. Kent, eds.
Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1940-1943. 19 vols.
Colonial Records (binder’s title): Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania
(title of first 10 volumes). Harrisburg, 1838-1853. Vols. V, VH, VHI. [Col. Rees.]
Darlington, Mary Carson, ed.. Fort Pitt and Letters from the Frontier. Pittsburgh, 1892.
Dictionary of American Biography, Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, eds. New York,
1943. 20 vols. [DAB.]
Dictionary of National Biography, Leslie Stephen and Sir Sidney Lee, eds. London,
1885-1900. Also various supplements, revised editions, etc. 63 vols. [DNB.]
Donehoo, George P., Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, 1928.
Forbes, John, The Writings of General John Forbes, Alfred Proctor James, ed. Menasha,
\\ isconsin, 1938. [James, Writings of General John Forbes.]
Ford, Chauncey Worthington, ed., British Officers Serving in America, 1754-1774. Boston,
1894.
Freeman, Douglas Southall, George Washington. New York, 1948. 2 vols.
Fregault, Guy, Frangois Bigot, Administrateur frangois. Ottawa, 1948. 2 vols.
Gipson, Lawrence Henry, The British Empire Before the American Revolution, Vol. VII,
The Great War for the Empire (The Victorious Years, 1758-1760). New York, 1949.
Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray, ed.. Letters to Washington. Boston, 1899. Vols. II-III.
Handbook of American Indiaiis North of Mexico, Frederick Webb Hodge, ed. Bureau
of American Ethnology, Bulletin 30. Washington, 1912. 2 vols.
Hanna, Charles A., The Wilderness Trail. New York, 1911. 2 vols.
Hulbert, Archer Butler, Historic Highways, Vol. V. The Old Glade Road. Cleveland,
1903.
Johnson, Sir William, The Papers of Sir William Johnson. Albany, 1921-1939. 9 vols.
Kegley, Frederick Bittle, Virginia Frontier, 1740-1783. The Southwest Virginia Historical
Society, 1938.
Keith, Charles Penrose, The Provincial Councillors of Pennsylvania, 1733-1776. Phila-
delphia, 1883.
Long, J. C., Lord Jeffery Amherst, A Soldier of the King. New York, 1933.
Montgomery, Morton L., Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County, Penn-
sylvania. Vol. 1. Chicago, 1909.
Montgomery, Thomas Lynch, ed.. Report of the Commission to Locate the Site of the
Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania. Second Edition. Harrisburg, 1916. 2 vols.
Pargellis, Stanley M., ed.. Military Affairs in North America, 1748-1765. New York, 1936.
Parkman, Francis, Montcalm and Wolfe. Boston, 1905. 3 vols.
XXX
Pennsylvania Archives.
Series 1, Philadelphia, 1852-1856; Series 2, Harrisburg, 1874-1890; Series 4. Har-
risburg, 1900-1902; Series 5, Harrisburg, 1906; Series 8, Harrisburg, 1931-1945.
[Pa. Arch.]
Pennsylvania Gazette, 1758. [Pa. Gazette.]
(Microfilm copy in Pennsylvania State Librarj'.)
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, “Letters of Henry Bouquet” in Vol.
Ill (1879), pp. 135-136; Vol. XXXH 1908), pp. 436-451; Vol. XXXIII (1909), pp.
90-91. [Pa. Mag. of Hist. lA Biog.]
Report on Canadian Archives, 1889, Douglas Brymner, ed. “Bouquet Collection, Calendar.”
Ottawa, 1890.
Sipe, C. Hale, The Indian Chiefs of Pennsylvania. Butler, 1927.
The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania, from 1682-1801, Vol. V, 1744-1759. Harrisburg,
1898.
Tolies, Frederick, B., Meeting House and Counting House, 1682-1763. Chapel Hill, 1948.
Wallace, Anthony F. C., King of the Delawares: Teedyuscung. Philadelphia, 1949.
Wallace, Paul A. W., Conrad Weiser, Friend of Colonist and Mohawk. Philadelphia, 1945.
Washington, George, Writings of Washington, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., Vol. H, 1757-1769.
George Washington Bicentennial Edition, Washington, 1931. [Fitzpatrick, Writings
of Washington.]
arson, John F., Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1884. 3 vols.
Wilderness Chronicles of Northwestern Pennsylvania. S. K. Stevens and D. H. Kent, eds.
Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1941.
XXXI
'.ftp
I
-■'J
i
.-sr.
JUNE, 1758
1 General Forbes in Philadelphia to complete details of campaign.
Colonel Bouquet at Carlisle, forwarding point for troops and supplies.
2 Colonel Armstrong and first battalion of Pennsylvania Regiment at
Lancaster, enroute to help open communication to Raystown.
Captain Callender and four provincial companies start work on
Forbes’ road, from Fort Loudoun toward Fort Littleton.
4 Colonel Hugh Mercer and troops start work on road from Fort
Littleton to Shippensburg.
6 Colonel Stephen arrives at Fort Loudoun with six hundred Virginians
to work on roads toward Fort Littleton and Shippensburg.
8 Colonel Bouquet enroute from Carlisle to Fort Loudoun.
10 Colonel Bouquet at Fort Loudoun to examine routes in vicinity of
Fort Littleton and Juniata Crossings.
12 Colonel Bouquet at Conegogee for conference with Sir John St. Clair,
Colonel Washington, and Governor Horatio Sharpe of Maryland.
Arrival of storeships at Philadelphia.
14 Colonel Bouquet at Fort Loudoun for conference with Indians.
Colonel James Burd’s battalion and Colonel Stephen’s Virginians
enroute from Fort Loudoun to Fort Littleton and Juniata Cross-
ings.
16 Colonel Bouquet enroute to Juniata Crossings.
17 Captain Bullitt and company of Virginians at work on road at Side-
ling Hill.
21 Colonel Bouquet at Juniata Crossings where building of fort is di-
rected by Captain Gordon.
24 Colonel Bouquet, Burd’s battalion, and Virginia troops arrive at
Raystown to build fort and storehouses.
Colonel Washington and First Virginia Regiment enroute from
Winchester to Fort Cumberland.
26 Colonel William Byrd and Second Virginia Regiment enroute from
Winchester to join Washington at Fort Cumberland.
30 S ir John St. Clair receives orders to relieve posts on communication,
and to forward Pennsylvania troops to Raystown.
xx-xiii
Vo
' . 1
:: ; ; ‘
GENERAL JOHN FORBES (171(1-1759)
Copied from painting in the possession of The Royal Scots Greys Regiment
Aldershot, England
Courtesy of Henry K. Siebeneck and
Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania
■'■a
i
.v-.
. J
THE PAPERS OF HENRY BOUQUET
FORBES: MEMORANDA
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 54, N.]*
[Philadelphia, c. June 1, 1758]
The great Channel of Communication to Virginia to be entirely by
Carlisle and Shippensburgh, without any Irruptions of the Enemy may
induce Colo- Boquet to alter it, and that to confirm it several Posts^
should be made of the Provincials to secure it, at about six Miles distance.
The Road from Lancaster to be examined and put in Order as fast as
possible. Parties of the Provincial Troops, to be employed on that
Service. The 200 Tents- that are now sent up are to be forwarded to
Winchester, and 100 more will be sent this Day se’night^ of the 20
Horsemans Tents as are to be sent to Winchester and the others remain
at [Lancaster]! Carlisle for the light Horse^ of that Province.
The light Musquets are to be disposed of by Col" Boquet according as he
may be advised of the Want of them from Winchester or else where.
The Commissioners" of Pensilv^ are to furnish their own Troops.
The Pusees** to be delivred to the Indians.
The Waggoners carrying the Stores to be paid at the Rate of 1® p Mile.
In going along if any of the Provincials want Powder to practice to
drop them a Barrel, and as soon as the Companies are compleated from
Lancaster towards York" or in that Neighbourhood Co? Boquet may
order them to assemble at Carlisle. When he moves from that to leave
Directions with [a]t one good Officer concerning the Exercise of the new
Levies in fireing at Marks, and to observe the strictest Discipline The
above before the Receipt of Colo. Boquets Letter®
With Regard to Waggons to take Contract WNggons if much Difficulty
is in pressing if Hoops® can get them, better.
Armstrong^® to March forward his Batt to Litletown^^
The Proposed Things for the Conference^- approved.
The Provincials ordered in general to march towards Carlisle.
Battoemen Scheme^® very proper.
The Cannon at Harris’s^^ will be sent up to F* Augusta^"
With Regard to the Deserters the General has nearly advertised^® the
same.
t Stricken out.
1
2
C. 1 June 1758
If he thinks necessary, may march the Highlanders^” to Carlisle the
2 American^® now at Phik will march the first Notice of the arrival of
the Highlanders.
Two Pair of Shoes necessary, And they will be provided by sending to
New York or elsewhere. 1000 pair will be sent directly.
If he pleases to March Co^° Washingtons’-'-^ whole Reg* to Fort Cumb.^®
he may. John ordered-- the Contrary in Virtue of the first Dissagreed
A few intrenching Tools to be left at Lancaster and so on along.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes answers to Several
things, received the 4**^ June by Cap" Gordon-^
Evan-Evans, 5,-^
* Printed in James, Writuigs of General John Forbes, 106-107.
‘ One of the posts may have been established at Robert Dunning’s, an old Indian
trader living about half way between Carlisle and Shippensburg. Dunning’s was a
stop-over for wagoners during Forbes’ campaign.
“According to Forbes' letter to Bouquet, May 23, 1758, he had ordered 200 tents
made and sent up.
“ Se’nnight, a contraction for sevennight — one week.
■‘Forbes’ letter to Bouquet, May 29, 1758, stated that 80 “light horse” would set out
for Carlisle on Wednesday (May 31) under Capt. Armstrong. This was probably
Col. John Armstrong’s brother, William, commissioned in December, 1757, in the
first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment. (Letter will be published in Vol. I of
the Bouquet Papers.)
^William Masters, John Mifflin, Joseph Fox, Lynford Lardner, John Hughes, Joseph
Galloway and John Baynton were appointed by the General Assembly to administer
funds appropriated for the defense of Pennsylvania. Cf. Section X of Supplement to
Act for Granting 60,000 Pounds to King’s use, passed March 23, 1757, continued by
Act of Assembly, April 22, 1758. The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania, Vol. V,
301-302.
“ Flintlock guns.
’’ York, Penna.
® This may refer to Bouquet’s letter of May 30, 1758, and the necessity of advancing
to Raystown to get the Indians farther away from the settlements.
® Adams Hoops of Carlisle, Pennsylvania trader and sub-contractor for the provincial
troops.
“John Armstrong (1725-1795) commanded the Kittanning expedition of 1756, received
commission of lieutenant colonel in the provincial troops, December 2, 1757, and was
promoted to colonel commandant of the first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment,
May 27, 1758. Consult DAB.
“ Fort Lyttleton or Littleton was erected early in 1756, one of a chain of provincial
posts built to defend the frontier. It was in Fulton County, 20 miles notthwest of
Chambersburg; by trail, through Cowan’s Gap, 19 miles north-northwest of Fort
Loudoun.
“Gen. Forbes was present at a Council with a deputation of Chetokee Indians, held
at Philadelphia, June 1. The Minutes are printed in Col. Rees., VHI, 124-125.
“This may refer to Bouquet’s plan to transfer the boats from Fort Augusta to
Harris’ Ferry, and to engage boatmen as drivers for the horse brigades. See
Callender to Bouquet, June 25.
C. 1 June 1758
3
“John Harris kept the ferry over the Susquehanna at Paxtang, now Harrisburg, and
gave his name to the town later built on this site.
“Fort Augusta was erected by the English in 1756 at Shamokin, a former Iroquois
village at the junction of the North and West branches of the Susquehanna, at the
present site of Sunbury, Northumberland County.
“Forbes’ .Advertisement for Deserters appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette, June
1, 1758, and is printed m James, Writings of General John Forbes, 104-105.
“Archibald Montgomery (1726-1796), eleventh Earl of Eglinton, raised the Highland
Regiment known as the 77th. He was appointed lieutenant colonel commandant,
January' 4, 1757. Consult D.AB.
“ Presumably tbe two companies of Royal Americans commanded by Captains Ralph
Harding and Francis Lander, whose commissions were granted in January, 1756.
These two detachments were on their way to Fort Loudoun later in the month.
Jocelyn's detachment preceded them.
“Col. George Washington received his commission as commander of the Virginia Regi-
ment, August 13, 1755. On April 7, 1758, by act of the Virginia Assembly, a second
regiment was authorized under command of Col. William Byrd, at which time
Washington was granted temporary command of both regiments, with title of
brigadier.
“Fort Cumberland was built at Will's Creek on the Potomac River (now Cumberland,
Maryland). The Ohio Company established a trading post there about 1750.
Sir John St. Clair, baronet of Scotland, setved with the British forces in North
America, 1755-1767. He was commissioned deputy quarter master general, with rank
of lieutenant colonel in the 60th Regiment.
“Washington’s orders from Sir John, May 24, 1758, were to recall and hold his
regiment at Winchester until further notice, with the exception of two companies
on the South Branch of the Potomac. The orders are printed in Hamilton, Letters
to Washington, H, 316-317.
“ Capt. Harry (Henry) Gordon, commissioned lieutenant, February, 1756, in the
62nd Regiment, later promoted to captain in the 60th, and chief engineer who directed
the building of Fort Pitt.
“ This may refer to Evan Evans of Berks County, whose name was on the tax list
for Cumru District about 1754. Cf. Montgomery, Historical and Biographical Annals
of Berks County, Pennsylvania, Vol. 1, 11.
PETITION OF WAGONERS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 134, D. S.]
June 1758?^
[c. June 1, 1758]"
To the Honourable Colonel Henry Bouquet his Majesty’s Commanding
Officer at Carlisle.
We the subscribers Owners of Waggons and concern'd [in]t in fitting
them out from the County of Berks for his Majesty's Service in the
Expedition to the Westward do beg leave to recommend to your Honour,
Jacob Weaver a Freeholder of said County as a fit person to be
a Deputy Waggon Master, and whom we could wish to be employ’d to
Superintend and have the Charge of our own Waggons, as from a long
+ Stricken out.
4
2 June 1758
and thorough Acquaintance we know him to be an Active, careful, and
honest Man, that he hath a perfect knowledge in loading and driving
Waggons, and great Skill [and]t in Horses & Carriages whereby we are
Induced to make him an handsome Allowance over and above what the
Kings pay may be, as an Instance of our Confidence in his Abilities.
We should not have given your Honour this Trouble were we not able
to answer for his Care and good Behaviour and had it not happen’d
that one George Redd a Man by no means fit for such an Employ, &
of a bad Character had imposed himself on Conrad Weiser Esq^ as
a person fit to be recommended. We humbly hope for your Honours
favour in this point And shall ever rest His Majesty’s faithful Subjects
and Your most humble Servants
JosiAH Boone
Michel Sondt
William Reaser
Peter Eberle
ADAM EHler
Henerich Soder
Adam Witman
[Hannes] Faust
Christian Ruth
DAVID Weiszer
Niclausz sooder
John Davis
Thomas Davis
his
fridirick FH HON
mark
John Tolbey
Peter Haasz
Isaac wickersham
Georg Merkel
FILLIP FILfiSZMEYER
Willhem fisher
[andony bbomburger]
John Davis [JuNer]
Ja? Kemer
George Douglass
Peter Weiser
Christopher witman
Eliazer Evans
Andon Haus
James Biddle
John Witman
his
Gasper CH Hains
mark
John Moris
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Petition of the Waggoners^ of
Berk County to recommand J. Weaver for Waggon Master
^ The date was inserted on the original, in a different handwriting.
"Bouquet was at Carlisle from May 24 to about June 7.
®Many of these names were on the Berks County tax lists, 1752-1754. Cf. Montgomery,
Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County, Pennsylvania, Vol. I.
BOUQUET TO WEST
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 21, Df.]*
Gentlemen [June 2, 1758]
His Majesty’s Service requiring that all the Meadows near or about
Carlisle be taken for [the use of two Camps of Light Horses and the
Cattlejf for the use of the army. You are hereby required to appoint
[immed]t this day proper Persons duly qualified to appraise w^*' Cap.
Burd* the value of the [pastures]! meadows for the Season which
appraisment shall be punctually payed to the owners if the meadows
are used.
t Stricken out.
SICN’ATURKS OK I^KRKS ('OUN TY W'ACONKRS
\
4
v*tf
It
\
I •
d
..f k
W
1
:J
2 June 1758
5
Carlisle the 2*' of June 1758
H.B.
Francis WestpEsqr
& Atricks \
[Endorsed] To West! r
& Atricks >
for appraising the meadows.
* Original not found.
^ This probably refers to James Burd, commissioned as captain, December 3, 1757, in
the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment, and promoted to colonel com-
mandant, May 28, 1758.
"Francis West and Harmed Atricks of Carlisle, magistrates for Cumberland County.
CALLENDER! jq BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 98, A. L. S.]
Camp at Eort Loudon- 2'^ June 1758.
Sir,
I arriv’d here yesterday Evening after fatigueing March Occation’d
by the heavy Rain and the badness of of the Road, which I had to repair
in Several places, this Morning I sent a Command of Tw'enty four Men
with an officer to mend the Road [as far as]t towards Shippensburg,
and to Morrow I purpose sending a detachment of as many more to
repair the Road to Littleton which is very much wanting. I wrote to
Major Hamilton^ Concerning the Deserters that may be in that Garrison,
an Answer to which I expect this night, which I shall transmit to you
when it comes.
Ropes when we leave Eort Littleton will be wanting for Back Loads ik
Several other Uses, I think the green hides wou’d do very well for that
purpose and waits your Orders. I am at a loss to know whether the
Baggage Waggons are to be Continued or discharg’d at Littleton and
wou’d be glad of your Instructions^ Concerning it. Hemp Ropes with
Strong Iron Hooks fix’d to them will be necessary to assist the waggons
where they may Stall, as in miery places the wheels dirty and abuses
the Mens Cloaths.
I have wrote also to Major Hamilton to have some Coal provided
I am Sir
Your most Obedient Humble Servant
Rob* Callender
t Stricken out.
6
2 June 1758
To Col: Boquet
\Endorsed'\ Letter from Captain Callender June2‘^
^ Capt. Robert Callender, prominent Indian trader, commissioned, December 15, 1757,
in the first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
^Fort Loudoun, Penna., on the west branch of Conococheague Creek, a mile and a
half southeast (two miles by road) of the present town of Fort Loudon, was built
in 1756, and was the starting point of Forbes’ Road.
“ Capt. Hance Flamilton, commissioned, December 6, 1757, in the first battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment and promoted to lieutenant colonel. May 31, 1758. Letter
not found.
■“ Letter containing instructions not found, but written June 3. See Callender to
Bouquet, June 8.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 52, A. L. S.]*
[Philadelphia, June 2, 1758]
Sir.
M’’ Walker^ will deliver you this wTo came here from S*'' Jn” SRlair
for a number of things wanted by the Virginians which I have
endeavoured to supply by' ordering one hundred of those tents that are
now' on the road to be sent forward to Winchester, And ten of the Horse
tents, all which I will replace next week.
Whatever else they may want and that you can send them let them
have, and let me know and I w'ill replace it.
As our Artillery is arrived, I shall send it up as fast as possible.
I am S'*' Y’'® in haste
Jo Forbes.
Philad: June 2‘’
Col: Bouquet
Send the Enclosed^ to S’’’ John.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes’s received the
June by M?’ Walker
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 105.
’Dr. Thomas Walker (1715-1794) of Fredericksburg, Va., merchant, surveyor, and ex-
plorer. He was commissary general of the Virginia troops, under Braddock, and
served in similar capacity during Forbes’ campaign. Consult DAB.
^The enclosure may have been Forbes’ Memoranda, c. June 1, which see.
7
2 June 1758
STEVENSON! TO BOUQUET
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21643, f. 99, A. L. S.]
Lancaster 2'’ Tune 1758.
S^
By a Letter- dated dp! May from Joseph Shippen^ Brigade Major of
the Pennsylvania Regiment, I am requested to communicate the following
Paragraph of it to the Captains^ of the New Levies raisM m York
County, viz.
“That General Forbes's Expectation is, that all the new Levies be”
“cloathed in the same Uniform with those already raised m the Counties”
“of Bucks Philad^ & Chester. These have all short green Coats, lapell’d”
“w’ith the same, the General chuses that the several Captains in the”
“back Counties, should by all means use their utmost Endeavours to”
“provide Cloathing for their Companies, for which purpose he will allow”
“them a fortnight’s Time.”
I am here on behalf of the Officers^ of the new Levies in York County
& have reced a Sum of Money from the Paymaster® of the Provincial
Forces, for the said Captains, by them to be applied to the Purposes m
the foregoing Paragraph of Major Shippen's Letter mentioned.
I shall use my utmost Endeavours to have at least some of York Com-
panies ready sooner than the Time limited by General Forbes, of which
I shall make free to advise vou, &: am,
S'
y'' most obedient TT'’’® Serv*
Geo Stevenson
Colonel Bouquet
[Endorsed] Letter from Geo: Stevenson Esq""
[Addressed] On his Majestie's Service To TTenry Bouquet Esq’’ Colonel
cofhanding his Majesties Forces to the Westward By the
Favour of Major Armstrong^
! George Stevenson of York County was appointed recruiting officer for the Penn-
sylvania Regiment in Mav, 1758. He held office of prothonotarv in York County,
1749-1764.
^ Not found.
*Capt. Joseph Shippen (1732-1810), son of Edward Shippen, Lancaster, was commis-
sioned, December 8, 1757, in the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment. He
served as brigade major and was promoted to major in December, 1758.
‘ Captains David Hunter, Robert McPherson, Thomas Hamilton, and Archibald
McCrew, commissioned in April and May, 1758.
A list of officers in Stevenson’s letter to Peters, June 6, is printed in Pa. Arch.,
Series 1, III, 410-411, also in Series 5, I, 202.
“ Capt, James Young, commissary general of muster and paymaster for the Pennsyl-
vania troops in 1758.
’'Capt. George Armstrong, promoted to major in the third battalion of the Pennsyl-
vania Regiment, June 4, 1758.
8 3 June 1758
BOUQUET; ACCOUNT WITH BILLINGS^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21654, f. 4, D. S.]
[Carlisle, June 3, 1758]
To Cash paid L5 Phillips"
£ 13"
p'? L* Evans^
8"
2"
—
p** Serj^ Ott^
94"
3"
4
115"
5" 4
To Amo^ of Cap* Hardings Abstract
154"
//
6
“ Cap5 Landers d® .
155"
11"
—
“ Cap5 Jocelyns® d® .
160"
2"
6
469"
14" —
To Cash paid Capt" Harding full pay
“ for 4 Contingent Men from y® 25**'
V
b
8"
of June 1757 to y® 24**' April
To D® p'* Cap* Lander
50"
8"
To D® p'* Cap5 Jocelyn
30"
8"
—
91"
4" —
To Cash p'^ Cap’^ Harding his Company's ) yg/r
“ Subsist^ from y® 25**' March to y® 24 April f
To Ditto p'* Cap* Harding what L* Hesse** rec'* of him 18" 13" 4
To Ditto p‘* Hesse on Acco* of the Comp’' 6" 4" 4 [4
To Ditto paid yt Self C. B. at Lancaster 6" 16" 11
I 786" 18" 11 ‘A
To Amo* of what paid the Officers 175" 3" —
£ 962" 1" 11 Vz
To Amo* of Non Effectives 70" 3" —
;61032" 4" 11/2
BalL due 172" 14" 10
;C1204" 19" 9'/2
To Cash p'* Cap* Harding rec** by L*
Hess’s £ 5
To Ditto p"* him what he advanc’d
for y® Col®*'' C® 37" 9" 3
PhiL is / 42" 9" 3 26" 8" 5
Sterling
’^Brought Over £ 26" 8" 5
Ballance due is 146" 6" 5
is PhiP Curry £ 235" 3" 2 £ 172" 14" 10
3 June 1758
9
By Cash rec*^ of L*^ Ourry^ 420" 4" 8
By Ditto rec'^ of M'' Nelson® 623" 16" 8
By Cap‘ Harding for Stoppages made from
“ him ;641" 15" 2. 16" k £13" 9" 6 61" 1" IH®
By Cap- Lander Ditto 41" 15" 2
By Capt“ Jocelyn Ditto 41" 15" 2 144" 12" 3
By Pay Master & Surgeon for 4 Conting*^ |
“ Men from y*^ 25^“ June 1757 to y« 24 > " 14" 6
“ April at 1® p Week from Capt" Harding )
By Ditto from Capt“ Lander . . " 14" 6
By Ditto from Capt° Jocelyn . " 14" 6 2" 3" 6
By so much you C. B. Paid CoL Young^^ & ) 2" 8>A
“ L- Barnsley’^- /
^1204" 19" 9Vi
£ 172" 14" 10
£ 172" 14" 10
Carlisle 3® June 1758
Errors Excepted
John Billings
^Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Bouquet his Acc*^
with Lieut* Billings
^ Lieut. John Billings, paymaster to the first battalion of the 60th Regiment, in 1758.
° Lieut. Ralph Phillips, commissioned, December, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
“Lieut. John Evans, commissioned, February, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
* Not identified.
“Capt. Thomas Jocelyn of the first battalion of the 60th Regiment; commissioned in
March, 1757.
“Lieut. Emanuel Hess, commissioned, February, 1756, in the 62nd (later 60th) Regi-
ment, an engineer detailed to Bouquet’s troops. Forbes, in his letter to Abercromby,
June 4, reported him as dying of consumption at Philadelphia.
^ At this point the entries in the original start a new page.
“Lieut. Lewis Ourry, a personal friend of Bouquet, commissioned, January, 1756, in
the 62nd (later 60th) Regiment, promoted to captain in 1760.
“John Nelson, or Neilson, Philadelphia financier.
This total seems incorrect but is the same as in the original.
“Lieut. Col. John Young, commissioned, April, 1757, in the 60th Regiment.
“Lieut. Thomas Barnsley, commissioned, December, 1756, in the 60th Regiment, pro-
moted to captain in 1759.
“ At this point the entry in the original starts a new page.
By Ballance p Contra
^®B rough t Over ...
10
3 June 1758
BOUQUET TO CALLENDER
[Carlisle, June 3, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Callender in his to Bouquet, June 8. The letter
apparently contained the instructions for which Callender asked in his letter to Bouquet,
June 2, but reached him too late to prevent the discharge of the wagons.
Monsieur
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 25, A. L. S.]^
Carlisle of June 1758
J’ay I’honneur de repondre a vos deux Lettres^ du 25^ et 29^ Alay;
Les Returns- des Alagazins de Lancaster & Winchester me Sont
parvenus, avec la liste- de ce qui avoir ete done en Charge au Quartier
Maitre Ourry.
Le N“ de Tentes^ qui manquoit est retrouve, j’attens chaque jour les
200 autres de Philad''
Les Charpentiers Sont arrives, avec le Chariot charge"* pour les Indians,
qui a ete transmis au Capt"*^ Bosomworth. II partit hier pour Winchester
avec les Instructions'’ gy Jointes, Je n’espere pas grands succes de ce cote
la, mais c’etoit le Sen! Party qui restoit a prendre.
Je n’entends rien a la maniere de diriger les Indians, mais je crois que
tout ce qtii les concerne devroit etre remis a tine Seule Personne qui vous
rendit Compte de tout, La diversite de mestires que Ton a prises a fait
beaucoup de mal, de meme que les presents donnes par differents mains,
et dans differens Endroits; Nous ne devrions je crois avoir qu’une Seul
magazin, ou les Presens des Provinces /Si elles en donnenU et ceux du
Roy fussent deposes, Et en transportant ce Magazin general dans
I’Endroit ou il Seroit necessaire d’avoir les Indiens, il paroit vraissem-
blable a juger par leur avidite qu’on les y meneroit plus aisement. Je
n’oserois recommander Personne dans une affaire Si delicate, mais
puisque Mess’"® les agents ou Sunntendants vous abandonnent II me
Semble que vous Seres obliges de vous charger de leur besogne. Si
Bosomworth reussit a retenir les Cherokees,*’ et peut les amener a Fort
Loudoun ou Reas Town, ne Seroit-il pas plus propre que Gist"^ a les diriger
pendant le Campagne.?
J’ay igy le Cap“® Bullen® Chef des Catawbas,® & Pay adopte pour mon
fils, Il promet que Ses gens ne nous abandonneront pas; Le peu de Chera-
kces que nous avons icy, Sont fort Contens de meme que Wohatchee*** qui
a beaucoup de Credit parmi Eux.
General Forbes
11
3 June 1758
Je receus hier Soir une 3® Lettre de John du 31?^^ II paroit desesperer
entierement de conserver aucun Cherokee, excepte ceux que le Col. Bird^^
a amends, mais je ne crois pas que nous en soyons encore reduits la.
La marche des Troupes, De nouveaux Presents qui les attendent, et les
200 que le Little Carpenter^^ doit amener produiront Surement une Revo-
lution dans leurs Esprits.
Faute de vivres a ce que je Suppose John ni’envot^e a Fort Loudoun,
5 Comp® de Washington et une Comp? d’ouvriers,^-^ Ils doivent y arriver ce
Soir et Seront obliges de faire des huttes d’Ecorce a I’Indiehe n’ayant pas
une Tente a leur donner.
Le reste du ReginT avec la moltie de celuy de Bird^“ Seront a Fort Com-
berland le 16® CouC
Dans I’attente de recevoir Lundy 5? les armes et Tentes de Philad? Je
marche avec le Batt. de Burd.^®
Le 5? a Shlppensburg
Le 6. a Fort Loudoun
Le 7. a Littleton avec les Virginians
Le 8. Sejour a Fort Litleton, d’ou j’envoyeray un Party avec des In-
dians pour reconnoitre le Poste de la Juniata, et construire
un Pont, ou des Radeaux, ou des Flatts.
Le 9. nous marcherons tous de Littleton pour couper les Broussadles
qui out cru dans le Chemin, et arriverons j’espere a la Juniata.
!nous y resterons pour batir une Enceinte de Stokades pour la
Surete des Convoys et assurer le Passage de la Riviere au Cas
quTlle ne fut pas gueable
Le 12. Nous marcherons en coupant le Chemin du Cote de Reas Town,
ou nous arriverons pent etre le meme jour.
Je lalsseray des Detachements dans tous les Postes pour fournir les
Escortes pour nos Convois, qui devront etre releves par les nouvelles
Levees des qu’elles auront des armes, une Comp? Complette Suffira pour
Shlppensburg, une a Loudoun, deux Littleton, 100 homes a la Junlatta.
II faudra un officier a Carlisle pour faire filer les Convoys, regler les
Escortes, et donner les ordres necessaires, Je ne connois personne plus
propre que Sir Allen iNLLean.^" Si vous voulies bien I'envoyer igy; et Si le
Service le permet je Souhaitterois que vous puissies faire marcher les
deux Comp?® de R. de Philad? qui jointes aux deux autres et aux trois
additlonelles fotmeroient un Battaillon de Troupes reglees pour assurer
notre tete a Reas Town.
Vous aves fait un Miracle en obtenant des Commissionaires, de quoy
equlpper leurs Troupes. Je lalsserai leurs Vieilles armes iqy, ou elles
pourront Servir pour ceux des nouvelles Levees a qui on n'en pourra pas
donner d’autres.
12
3 June 1758
Vous verrees par les Instructions^'-’ cy jomtes au Col. Armstrong, les
mesures prises pour choisir les Cavaliers, J’espere que vous les approuveres.
Pour la Proposition de completer les deux Battallions avec des Comp?®
entieres au lieu de Draughts, je crois que ce Sera le mieux, par bien des
raisons que je Stipprime. Je vous prie de vouloir envoyer vos ordres la
dessus au Col. Armstrong, quand vous aures arrange ce point avec le
Gouverneur.
J’avois deja prevenue les officiers des Troupes Provinciales Sur Part, des
Tentes & des Rations.
Les Troupes de Virginie n’ont, point de Cantines, ni de Tomahawks je
pourvoiray igy 300 de ces derniers, Sur lesquels je vous prie de Compter.
S'' John avoit engage un Guide, j’en ay pris deux autres, nous avons
nombre d’officiers et de Soldats qui connoiss* le Pays jusqu’a Reas Town,
et personne ne connoit rien au dela que les Indians Paths, je feray
reconnoitre des que je Seray Sur les Lieux.
J’ay igy en bon ordre le petit Train d’artillerie-® qui etiot a [Reas
Townjt Lancaster, et j’ay appointe I’Ens"® Heydeler-^ des Provinciaux
avec leur Serjeant Mayer,-" et 55 homes que I’on dresse pour ce Service.
Je vous prie de vouloir bien faire une Paye a ce Heydeler que nous Sera
fort utile, et d’un grand secours au Cap“® Hay.^^
II y a 37’/2 Barrils de tres bonne Poudre a Harris's Ferry, destinee
pour Fort Augusta; La moitie est Poudre fine pour Rifles, et Indians, et
Pon n’en trouve plus a acheter. Si vous trouvies a propos de vous en
mettre en Possession, vous pourries la remplacer avec de la Poudre
ordinaire.
Je joins igy une Liste-** des Articles qui me parroissent necessaires, afin
que vous puissies ordonner ceux que vous approuveres, et qui n’ont pas
ete pourvus.
J’ay fait demander a Lancaster, 3000-l-[- de Chanvre au deffaut d’Okum
pour les Flatts & Bateaux dont nous aurons grand Besoin pour nos doubles
Communications sur la Juniatta, et dans toute notre marche.
J’ay ete oblige de faire qtielques Changemens dans la disposition que
le Gouverneur a fait des officiers qui doivent passer les nouvelles Com-
pagnies en Revue Ne pouvant lalsser partir le Col. Burd, homme tres
actif, et qui m’est fort necessaire.
J’ay vu deux des Comp?® de ce Comte que j’ay ordones pour prendre
Poste igy, plus de la moitie ont de bonnes armies. Je verray la 3? a Ship-
pensburg, ou elle Sera Stationee provisionellem*
Cap?"® Jamisson-^ est party pour voir les 4 Comp?® de York, & tirer les
Cavaliers qui Se rendront igy pour recevoir leurs Chevaux, et les 4 Comp?®
+ Stricken nut.
13
3 June 1758
rcstcront s York pour cscortcr 3 Littleton les Chariots de ce Comte,
excepte hunter*® que je feray marcher a Teaves’s ferry, S il a des armes.
Nous aurons asses de Chariots independamment de ceux des Contracts,
pour transporter nos magazms a Reas Town. J’ay eent-® fortement a M’’
Stevenson qui Se donne pour homme Zele, et parle moi meme a plusieurs
Leading men de ce Comte de York. Hoops S y rendra lui meme Lundy, je
Suis Sur que nous reussirons de ce Cote la. Si non pour tous les 60 du
moins pour les 2/3. nous en avons 60 de Lancaster & en aurons 30 de
Berks County.
J’ay ete Surpris de la lettre^® que AT Shippen®® a ecrit a AT Peters.®^
Si la chose n’a pos ete bien entendue des Paysans, C’est Sa faute, puisque
e’est lui meme qui a corrige & Change ma Lettre,®* jusqu a ce qu il 1 aye
trouvee asses Clair pour les gens a qui elle S adressoit.
Le vray de tout ceci est que chacun veut etre populaire et faire Sa
cour aux depends du Gouvernement. La Clause des 10 Jours de fourage
etoit d’une absolue necessite, et les Paysans S’y pretent tres Volontiers.
Nous formerons un magazin de foin et avome iqy pour les fournir quand
les 10 Jours Seront expires.
J’ay fait asseurer®® toutes les Prairies aux Environs d’Icy, Et je les ai
faits evaluer par des Jures nommes par les magistrats, pour etre payes
Si I’on en fait usage.
On en reservera quelques unes pour faire du foine. Le reste est plus
que Suffisant pour les Chevaux legers, Boeufs & tout ce qui pourra passer
i/y;
J’ay pris /jl000= Pensylvania Currency de Cap"*^ Young®'^ pour payer
les Chariots Cet argent doit lui etre repaye a I’armee pour la Sub-
sistance des Troupes de la Province.
La Rosee, et les Chemins remplis de Pierres tranchantes, useront bien
vite, les 3 Paires de Souliers que chaque Soldat doit avoir: Outre le Cuir
que les Vivandiers & marchands a la suite de I’armee apporteront avec
des outils de Cordonier du fil, & de la Poix pour les coudre, Il en faudra
une Provision qui pourra etre transportee a Reas Town dans 5, ou 6
Semaines.
La Poudre qui vient avec le Cap"® Gordon pourra etre deposee a Ship-
pensburg, ou il y a une maison propre. J’en prendray avec nous de quoy
Servir quelque terns, & J’emmeneray de Littleton un grand Convoy de
vivres et des Boeufs laissant des petits Alagazins a chaque Poste pour le
Passage des Troupes et les detachements.
Je feray marcher 50 des Chevaux Legers avec nous et laisseray les
autres partis a Lancaster, Harriss, & Carlisle pour vous Servir d’escorte,
et je vous prie de vouloir donner vos ordres la dessus au Col. Armstrong
a Lancaster.
14
3 June 1758
Ceux de Virginie Seront prets des qu'ils auront leurs Selles,
Je ne puis vous exprirner combien je vous Suis oblige de nous avoir
fait pourvoir dans si peu de terns, de tant de dift'erents Articles; II n’y
a encore eu que vous, Alonsieur, qui ayes pu tirer quelque Chose de cette
Province, S'’ John vous aura informe comme Son President le traite,
C’est le meme Esprit qui regne dans tout ce Continent:
J'espere que votre Sante est retablie, et je souhaitte de tout mon Coeur
que I’arrivee des Highlanders & de vos Amies, vous permette de nous
Joindre bientot.
Si vous approuves la Proposition de joindre des Compagnies entieres
aux deux p'’* Bataillons, Je crois qu’il vaudroit mieux en laisser le Choix
aux deux Colonels du moins de quelques tines, et placer ces Compagnies a
Carlisle, Shippensburg, Fort Loudoun & Littleton, autant qu’il y a de
Convert jusqu’a ce qu’ils ayent des Tentes.
Je Suis avec la plus respectueuse Consideration
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
P:S: Mon Presentiment Sur les franqois qui Sont soldats dans les
Troupes de la Province, etoit bien fonde. J’aprens dans ce moment du
Cap"® Bullen, qu’une de ces Coquins lui a propose d’aller avec luy a Fort
Duquesne; Que les Indiens etoient des dupes de S’unir avec nous, Les
Frangois etant trop forts, & que S’il vouloit le Suivre il luy feroit avoir
de grands Presents.
J’ay Sur le Champ fait mettre aux fers les deux Seuls frangois qu’il y
a igy /il y en a encore trois autres a Fort Augusta/ et ay fait ordoner
un Court d’Inquiry, come il n’y aura d’autre temoin que le Catawba, je
ne Scais Si on pourra le pendre Mais il faudra transporter route cette
Canaille en Europe: L’Indien est alle courir a Cheval & on ne pent le
trouver pour declarer ce qu’il m’a dit devant le Cour.
Je ne veux pas retarder plus longtems cet Express, et vous rendrai
Compte de cette affaire incessamm-
H. B.
Le Soldat frangois est depuis deux ans dans le Service et me demanda
Son Conge il y a quelques Jours, Sous pretexte qu’il craignoit d’etre
pendu, s’il etoit pris par I’Ennemy.
receive this moment the Inclosed^^ from Mess'® West and Bu-
chanan,^® who having Supplied the Provincial Troops w^*" Provisions
at a fixed rate for each man, desires now to Sell the remainder of their
Provisions, and be paid for the Carriage; as we have flour enough I see
15
3 June 1758
no necessity to pay the said Carriage, but the Comissioners Should
pay for the whole untill their Troops are out of their Posts, and joined
to his Majesty’s Regular Forces, as they are obliged to feed them.*^"
[Endorsed^ Col: Bouquet Carlisle June S'?
[TRANSLATION]
Carlisle, June 3, 1758.
Sir,
I have the honor to answer your two letters^ of the 25th and 29th
of May.
The returns- of the storehouses at Lancaster and Winchester have
reached me, with the list- of what had been entrusted to Quarter Master
Ourry.
The number of tents^ which were missing are located. Every day I
expect the 200 others from Philadelphia.
The carpenters have arrived, with the wagon loaded^ for the Indians
which was sent on to Captain Bosomworth. He left yesterday with the
enclosed instructions.® I do not hope for great successes in that direction,
but it was the only course which remained to be taken.
I do not know anything about the way Indians are managed, but I
believe that everything concerning them should be turned over to a
single person who would account to you for everything. The variety of
measures which have been taken has done much harm, as well as the
presents given by different hands and in different places. I think w'e
should have only one storehouse, in which should be deposited the presents
from the Provinces (if they give any) and from the King; and by trans-
porting this general storehouse to the place where it is necessary to have
Indians, it seems obvious — judging by their greediness — that they would
be led there more easily. I should not dare recommend anyone in such
a delicate matter, but since the agents or superintendents are leaving
you, it seems to me that you will be obliged to take care of their duties.
If Bosomworth succeeds in retaining the Cherokees,'"’ and can lead them
to Fort Loudoun or Reas Town, wouldn't he be more suitable than Gist’^
to manage them during the campaign?
I have Captain Bullen,® chief of the Catawbas,® here; and have adopted
him as my son. He promises that his men will not leave us. The few
Cherokees we have here are well disposed, as well as Wohatchee,^® who has
much influence among them.
Yesterday evening I received a third letter from Sir John, dated the
31st.^^ He seemed to despair entirely of keeping any Cherokee, e.xcept
those brought by Col. Bird;’^- but I do not believe that we may be yet
16
3 June 1758
reduced to that. The march of the troops, new presents waiting for them,
and the 200 that the Little Carpenter^^ is to bring will certainly produce
a revolution in their attitude.
For lack of provisions, as I suppose. Sir John is sending me at Fort
Loudoun 5 of Washington’s companies and a company of workmen.
They are to arrive this evening, and will have to make bark shelters,
Indian fashion, as there is not a tent to give them.
The rest of the regiment, with half of Bird’s, will be at Fort Cumber-
land on the 16th of the present month.
In the expectation of receiving the arms and tents from Philadelphia
on Monday the 5th, I am marching with Burd’s battalion.^®
To Shippensburg.
To Fort Loudoun.
To Littleton with the Virginians.
Staying at Fort Littleton, from where I shall send a party
with some Indians to reconnoiter the post of the Juniata,
and construct a bridge there, or rafts or flatboats.
We shall all march from Littleton to cut the brush which
has grown up in the road, and shall arrive, I hope, at the
Juniata.
We shall stay there to build a stockaded enclosure for the
security of the convoys, and to hold the crossing of the river
in case it should not be fordable.
We shall march, cutting the road in the direction of Reas
Town, where we shall perhaps arrive the same day.
I shall leave detachments in all the posts to furnish escorts for our
convoys. They should be relieved by new recruits, as soon as they have
arms. One full company will suffice for Shippensburg, one at Loudoun,
two at Littleton, 100 men at the Juniata.
An officer is needed at Carlisle to send off the convoys, organize the
escorts, and give the necessary orders. I do not know a more suitable
person than Sir Allen McLean.^" If you are willing to send him here;
and if the service permits it, I should wish that you could send the two
companies of Royal Americans^® from Philadelphia which, added to the
two others and the three additional ones, would form a battalion of
regular troops to protect our vanguard at Reas Town.
You have performed a miracle in obtaining the means to equip their
troops from the commissioners. I shall leave their old arms here, where
they may be used for those of the new recruits to whom no others can
be given.
The 5th.
The 6th.
The 7th.
The 8th.
The 9th.
The 10th
and 11th
The 12th.
17
3 June 1758
You will see. by the enclosed instructions^® to Col. Armstrong, the
measures taken to choose the troopers. I hope that you will approve of
them. As for the proposal to complete the two battalions with entire
companies instead of drafts, I believe that this will be the best for many
reasons, which I omit. I beg you to please send your orders thereupon
to Col. Armstrong, when you have arranged this matter with the
governor.
I had already informed the officers of the provincial troops on the
subject of tents and rations.
The troops from Virginia have no canteens nor tomahawks. I shall
provide 300 of the latter here, on which I beg you to count.
Sir John had engaged a guide: I took two others; we have a number
of officers and soldiers who know the country as far as Reas Town, and
no one knows anything about it beyond that place except for the Indian
paths. I shall have it reconnoitered as soon as I get there.
I have here in good order the small train of artillery®® which was at
[Reas Townjt Lancaster, and I have appointed Ensign Heydeler®^ of
the provincials with their sergeant Mayer®® and 55 men, who are being
trained for this service. I beg you to please give this Heydeler extra
pay, as he will be very useful to us, and a great help to Captain Hay.®®
There are 3714 barrels of very good powder at Harris’s Ferry, intended
for Fort Augusta. Half of it is fine powder for rifles, and Indians, and it
is no longer possible to buy it. If you should consider it wise to take
possession of it, you would he able to replace it with ordinary powder.
I am enclosing a list®^ of articles which seem necessary, so that j-ou
may order what you approve, and what has not been provided.
I have had inquiries made at Lancaster for 3000 pounds of hemp, instead
of oakum for the flatboats and bateaux, which we shall need badly
for our twofold communications on the Juniata and all along our march.
I have been obliged to make some changes in the disposition made by
the governor of the officers who are to review the new companies, as I
cannot let Col. Burd go. He is a very industrious man, who is very
necessary to me.
I have seen two of the companies from this county which I have
ordered to take post here. More than half have good arms. I shall see
the third at Shippensburg, where it will be stationed temporarily.
Captain Jamisson®® has gone to see the 4 companies from York, and
pick the troopers, who will come here to receive their horses; and the
4 companies will stay at York to escort this county’s wagons to Littleton
t Stricken out.
18 3 June 1758
— except for Hunter,-'" whom I shall have march to Teaves’s ferry,
if he has arms.
We have enough wagons, independent of those from the contracts,
to transport our stores to Reas Town. I have written-® strongly to Mr.
Stevenson, who is supposed to be a zealous man; and written myself to
several leading men of this county of York. Hoops will go there himself
on Monday; I am sure that we shall succeed in this, if not for the whole
60, at least for two thirds. We have 60 of them from Lancaster, and will
have 30 from Berks County.
I was surprised by the letter-^ Mr. Shippen®*^ wrote Mr. Peters.®^ If
the matter was not well understood by the country folk, it is his fault;
since he himself corrected and changed my letter,®- until he found it
clear enough for the people to whom it was addressed.
The truth of all this is that every one wishes to be popular, and build
his career at the expense of the government. The clause about ten days’
forage was an absolute necessity, and the country folk agreed to it very
willingly. We shall prepare a store of hay and oats here to supply them
when the ten days have expired.
I have spoken®® for all the meadows in this vicinity, and have had
them appraised by jurors named by the magistrates, so that they may
be paid for if they are used.
Some will be reserved for making hay. The rest is more than enough
for the Light Horse, cattle, and all that may go through here.
I took £ iOOO Pennsylvania currency from Captain Young®^ to pay
for the wagons, etc. This money should be repaid to the army for the
subsistence of the provincial troops.
The dew, and the roads full of sharp stones, will very soon wear out
the 3 pairs of shoes that each soldier is to have. Besides the leather
which the camp followers and merchants with the army will carry, with
shoemaker’s tools and wax to sew them, there should be a supply of
them which can be transported to Reas Town in 5 or 6 w'eeks.
The powder which is coming with Captain Gordon may be stored
at Shippensburg, where there is a suitable building. I shall take enough
of it with us to last for some time, and I shall bring from Littleton a large
convoy of food and cattle, leaving small stores at each post for the
passage of the troops and the detachments.
I shall have 50 of the Light Horse march with us, and leave the other
parties at Lancaster, Harris’s, and Carlisle to serve you as an escort;
and I beg you to please give your orders thereupon to Col. Armstrong
at Lancaster.
Those from Virginia will be ready as soon as they have their saddles, etc.
19
3 June 1758
I cannot express how much I am obliged to you for having us supplied
in so short a time, and with so mant^ different articles. No one but you
has ever been able to get anything from this province. Sir John will
have informed you how his president treats him. The same attitude
prevails in this whole continent.
I hope that you have recovered your health, and I wish with all my
heart that the arrival of the Highlanders and your arms will permit you
to join us very soon.
If you approve the proposal of including complete companies in the
first two battalions, I think it would be preferable to leave the choice
of them to the two colonels — at least for some of them — , and to locate
these companies at Carlisle, Shippensburg, Fort Loudoun, and Littleton,
since there is shelter until they have tents.
I am with the most respectful consideration.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
P. S. My presentiment about the Frenchmen who are soldiers in the
provincial troops, was well founded. I just learned from Captain Btillen
that one of these rascals offered to go with him to Fort Duquesne; that
the Indians were fools to join us, as the French were too strong; and
that if he was willing to follow him, he would have many presents given
to him.
Immediately, I had the only two Frenchmen who are here (there are
three more at Fort Augusta) put in irons, and ordered a court of inquiry.
As there was no other witness than the Catawba, I do not know if they
can hang him, but all such scoundrels should be sent back to Europe.
The Ind lan has gone out riding a horse, and cannot be found to declare
what he has told me before the court.
I do not wish to delay this express any longer, and will give you an
account of this affair verv soon.
H. B.
The French soldier has been in the service for two years, and asked
to he discharged several days ago, under the pretext that he was afraid
of being hung, if he was taken by the enemy.
*I receive this moment the Inclosed®^ from Mess’® West and Bu-
chanan,^® who having Supplied the Provincial Troops w’** Provisions at
a fixed rate for each man, desires now to Sell the remainder of their
Provisions, and to be paid for the Carriage; as we have flour enough
I see no necessity to pay the said Carriage, but the Comissioners
Should pay for the whole untill their Troops are out of their Posts, and
20 3 June 1758
joined to his Majesty’s Regular Forces, as they are obliged to feed
them.*^'^
* An incomplete copy of this letter is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 231.
^ These letters are in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, folios 42 and 48. They will be pub-
lished in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
^ Not found.
®A bale of tents disappeared, enroute from Philadelphia to Lancaster. Forbes to
Bouquet, May 25, 1758. The letter is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 42 and will be
published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
* Probably rice and Indian presents requested by Bosomworth in his letter to Bouquet,
May 30, 1758. The letter is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 2, and will be published
in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
^ Not found.
“The Cherokees were an Iroquoian tribe of the southern Allegheny highlands, from
Virginia southward.
’Christopher Gist (c. 1706-1759), agent for the Ohio Company, and Washington’s
guide on his mission to Le Boeuf in 1753. He was appointed deputy Indian agent
for Virginia in 1757.
® Capt. Johnny or Jemmy Bullen, a Catawba warrior who had accompanied Col. Adam
Stephen from Winchester to Fort Loudoun, Penna.
“The Catawbas were a Siouan tribe on the western border of South Carolina.
“ Warhatche (also spelled Wahatchee and Waughhaighy) was chief of about 30 southern
Cherokee towns, and reputed to be a great rogue, interested only in presents to be
secured from the English. Cf. Prov. Rees., P, 266-268.
“ B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 5. This letter will be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet
Papers.
’“Col. William Byrd.
“Little Carpenter was a noted Cherokee chief (c. 1700-1780), with headquarters pre-
sumably in or near Keowee, South Carolina, principal town of the lower Cherokee
country. Rumors of his perfidy and rascality later caused Forbes to request that he
be deprived of arms and ammunition, and furnished with an escort, to avoid trouble.
“ Probably Capt. John Field’s company of artificers from Byrd’s Regiment.
“Col. William Byrd’s Second Virginia Regiment.
“Col. James Burd’s second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Sir Allan MacLean (1725-1784), baronet, appointed captain in the 77th Regiment in
1757, and later promoted to major commandant. Consult DNB.
See Forbes’ Memoranda for June 1.
“ Not found.
““ Royal Artillery Train of Pennsylvania.
Ens. Martin Heydler, or Heidler, commissioned, March 16, 1758, in the second bat-
talion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Probably John Mayer, smith for the Royal Artillery of Pennsylvania.
“Capt. Lieut. David Hay, in command of the Royal Artillery of Pennsylvania, also
commissary of horse for the detachment, 1758-1759.
See Bouquet’s List of Stores, June 3.
“Capt. David Jameson, commissioned, December 9, 1757, in the second battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment; promoted to major, June 3, 1758.
“ Capt. David Hunter.
“According to a Proprietary Draft (D-75, page 295) and to the Index of Proprietary
Rights (page 240), Teaffe’s Ferry crossed the Susquehanna River from the mouth
of Yellow Breeches Creek (on the Cumberland County-York County line) to what
is now south Harrisburg. It was thus a competitor of Harris’s Ferry.
^ See Bouquet to Stevenson, June 3.
“ Not found.
3 June 1758
21
Edward Shippen, Esq., chief burgess of Lancaster and confidential agent for Gov.
James Hamilton. He held most of the Lancaster County offices from 17S3 to the
outbreak of the Revolution.
“Richard Peters f 1704-1776) , clergyman and prominent Pennsylv^ania figure. He was
provincial councillor and Indian agent, also serv^ed as provincial secretary, 1742/43-
1762.
Not found, but probably written about May 22, 1758. See Bouquet’s letter to Berks
County Magistrates, June 5.
^ See Bouquet to West, June 2.
Capt. James Young.
^ Not found.
Probably William Buchanan of Lancaster County, who served as road commissioner
during Braddock’s campaign.
“ English in the original, between asterisks.
BOUQUET’S LIST OF STORES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 29, D. S.]*
[Carlisle, June 3, 1758]
A List of Artificers and Stores wanting,
viz*
1 Saddler with a Compleat set of Tools, and a Tent to work in
1 Tinner with a Compleat Set of Tools, and a Tent to work in
50 Tinn Lanthorns for Horslers*
400 Wf of Hops to be loaded on the top of Waggons
3000 Kanteens^ including the Pennsylvania Troops
100 Bear Skins to make Covers to the Locks of the Arms
2 Pieces of Yellow Shelloon^ to distinguish our Indians
100 Reams of Cartridge Paper^ if not already Provided
30000 Flints for the Whole Army
2000 Pair of Mens Shoes, to be sent to Reas Town in 6 Weeks
4 Tuns of Salt for Men, Horses, & Cattle
3000 W* of Hemp, for want of Oakum, ordered® already at Lancaster.
50 lb W* of Cotten for making Candles
30 Silver Arm Plates, & 50 Bracelets for Presents to the Indian Chiefs
Carlisle 3'* June 1758
H. Bouquet
[Endorsed] Col: Bouquet List of things wanting at Carlisle, June
* This list was enclosed in the preceding letter. A memorandum of the list is in B. M.,
Add. MSS. 21658, f. 122.
* Hostlers.
“ Canteens.
“ Shalloon, a thin, loosely-woven worsted material.
* A thick stout paper, used for making cartridge cases.
^ See preceding letter.
22
3 June 1758
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 9, C.]*
Carlisle 3^*^ June 1758.
A Coppy
Dear Sir Sir John S- Clair
I received last night your last of the 3U‘ May.^ Captain Bosomworth^
will I hope meet Col. Stephens^ at Conegogee,'* and direct his march
towards Fort Loudoun in stead of Shippensburgh, to save him about
30 Miles, as he shou’d be obliged to go back the next day to Loudoun
distant 21 Miles from Shippensburgh.
I have not yet received one Tent for these Troops and they must
make Shiffts for a few days with Bark, and Build little hutts. I shall
make no alteration in their disposition untill I have the Pleasure to
see you.
I will order some Platchets to be made here for the five Companies
of Washington, as they Cannot Encamp or get fuel without. I hope
they have Good Blankets, there is none to he found in this Province.
I know nothing of the Indians Powder Horns, I shall enquire from
Bosomworth, and give them to the second Virginia Regiment.^
I wish these Men did want nothing excepting Bayonets, a useless Arm
in the Woods.
Agreeable to the Generals Orders*' I have sent Captain Bosomworth
to Winchester to endeavour to bring the Indians'^ to us, if they persist
in not Coming to Loudoun, he must try if he Can march them towards
Reas Town.
I am uneasy about the Provisions for the People® you sent to
Cumberland. Pray let me know, for how many days after their arrival
there you may Subsit them, without starving the Garrison.
I march with Burds® Battalion Monday the 5'*' June to Shippensburgh
the 6**“ to Loudoun
the 7**’ with the whole to Lyttleton
The 8**' we shall stay there, and send a Party to Recconnitre the
Juniata, where we must Build a Bridge, or Flatts, or Rafts to
secure our Communication, and Erect a Stokadoe entrench-
ment” for the Safety of our Company®
The 9**' we march to the first Crossing^^ of Juniata
The 10*'’ we Work
The 11**' we Clear the Roads in marching towards Reas Town.
Sir John
23
3 June 1758
Unless we meet with accidents, or Greater Difficulties upon the Road
than we expect, we shall be there 5 Days sooner than your Troops will
be at Fort Cumberland.
Therefore I Beg you will give them Orders^^ Viz. /to the Number
who are to Join me after you have left a Sufficient Garrison in the Fort,/
to make no stay at Fort Cumberland but to begin immediately to Cut
the new’ Road, to open the Communication with Reas Towm that I may
send Provisions there if wanted. In case you have not Provisions enough
to Supply them while they are Cutting that Road, Let me know it,
and I shall send them from Reas Towm Provisions wdth Bat Horses,^'^
but [if]t it wou’d be dangerous and a loss of time, and nothing but
absolute necessity must make us trust that Precarious Vleasure.
I Cannot Spare you hands to Cut the Road on my side, untill I have
secured my own Post, where I carry One Hundred Waggons loaded with
Provisions, Ammunition and [Stores]/ Tools, besides a Good drove
of Cattle to enable us to wait wdthout danger of being Starved the next
Transport.
I shall be glad to se Lieut^ Baset^^ with the entrenching Tools, expect-
ing a good deal of Work to repair the Road.
You may send the rest of your Troops to us by F* Loudoun Lyttleton,
Juneata and Reas Town, giving them order to take under their Escort
the Waggons or Cattle that they may find upon their March towards
Reas Towm. Send them up as they are ready, but no less than a Hundred
at once well Armed and Provided with Ammunition.
As the General sends me Powffier and Balls, you may dispose of the
Stock m Winchester as you shall see a conveniency of Sending it to us,
either by Cumberland or the other Road,^® All orders from the General
to the Contrary Excepted.
President Blair's Letter^' is the most curious Paper I ever heard, and
tho the thing is not very Pleasant, I laughed heartily at that affare.
I have a better President^® than yours, our General by A miracle has
obtained from the Commissioners every thing I had asked to Arm &
equip the PennsyP Reg*
He sends me 80 light Horses, which I shall mount immediately
Our new levies are upon their March to form a Chain from Lancaster
to Rays Town, but expecting about half who have their own Arms, the
rest Walks with Sticks.
I beg you wall inform the officers of your departm^ that they will be
allowed no more than one Ration p'’ Day the same as the Kings Regular
t Stricken out.
24 3 June 1758
Troops, and the General [he must stay]t himself they are to Provide
themselves with Tents
I expect every moment your 300 Musq*^*^ & you may send for them in
4 or five Days at the ferry at the mouth of Connigogee,^® where I shall
send them as soon as receiv’d.
Dont Permit that any of his Majestys Troops in Virg® be sent to that
Pretended Fort-*^ in the Cherokees, it is a meet babble, near Fort Lou-
doun. I shall Explain it to you when we meet
The Horses for Express [between]t from Philad® [&]t to Reas Town are
to be sent immediately But we must Provide tbe Riders, it woud be
highly necessary to have the same facility of Communication with Mary-
land & Virg'? but I Expect nothing from Such People
I have secured all the Meadows-^ about this Town, there is grass
enough for our Cattle and light Horses and we shall have a Magazine
of Hay to Supply the Waggoners. Who by my new Contract, for the
removing of our magazines furnish themselves for ten days after they
leave Carlisle.
No News from our Arms and Tents from england if you think that
Col. Burd-- can be of Service by his Influence with the Cherokees, I wish
you cotid Prevail on him to Come with them to Reas Town. L“ Col.
Mercer-^ is a Man that he can depend upon for the Command of his
Regiment
ne votis impatientes pas, Mon Cher Chevallier, Jespere que nous reusierons
a la fin; Tacther de passer a Carlisle pour y donner les ordres necessaries
pour y faire du Soin pour notre Retour, et presser nas Convoy & J’ay
demande Sir Allen M'^Lean pour m’y remplacer. Je Suis avec un Entier
devouem*-"*
Sir
Your most obed^ Serv^
Henry Bouquet
P: S: orders to Send immediately Major Lewis-® & Cap*^ M'^Neils^®
Companies to Fort Loudoun for Escort, & afterwards the two first Com-
panies to Littleton.
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
^ St. Clair’s letter to Bouquet, May 31, 1758, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 5, will
be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
“Capt. Abraham Bosomworth, commissioned, January, 1755, in 62nd (later 60th)
Regiment.
® Lieut. Col. Adam Stephen (c. 1730-1790) held his commission in the Virginia Regi-
ment, 1754-1763, first under Washington, then under Byrd.
* Conococheague, the site of Maidstone Fort, now Williamsport, Maryland.
25
3 June 1758
“William Byrd ('1726-1777), Westover, Va., was commissioner to the Cherokee and
Catawba Indians, also a member of the governor's council, 1740-1760. He was
appointed commander of the Second Virginia Regiment which was authorized by act
of the \’irginia Assembly, April 7, 1758.
“Forbes to Bouquet, May 23, 1758, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 38. The letter will
be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
^The Cherokee Indians refused to march into Pennsylvania because they claimed
the soldiers at Fort Loudoun had taken up arms against them.
“ Five companies of Washington’s regiment and one of Byrd’s, under Col. Adam
Stephen.
“Col. James Burd f 1 726-1 7'53 ) , born in Scotland and came to America about 1747.
He became a prominent Philadelphia merchant who was appointed lieutenant colo-
nel of the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment, January 2, 1758, and pro-
moted to colonel commandant. May 28. He was a son-in-law of Edward Shippen.
’“The Raystown Branch of the Juniata River.
’’Fort Juniata, built at Juniata Crossings, on the Raystown Branch of the Juniata.
’“Half a mile north of present Juniata Crossings, about 15 miles east of Bedford.
” St. Clair’s Orders to W'ashington, June 13, are printed in Hamilton, Letters to Wash-
ington, II, 320-321.
” A horse used for carrying baggage.
’’Lieut. Thomas Basset, engineer, commissioned, Febru.ary, 1756, in 62nd (later 60th)
Regiment, later promoted to captain.
Probably the road by way of Lancaster and York.
’’John Blair (1689-1771), president of the governor’s council in Virginia, 1758-1768.
In a letter to St. Clair, in May, Blair had refused to release the King's arms which
were stored in the governor’s house at Williamsburg.
’“ Robert Strettell, Esq., was president of the Provincial Council in Pennsylvania, in
1758. He was a wealthy merchant and a member of the Friendly Association.
’“ Conococheague Creek enters the Potomac near present Williamsport, Md.
“ St. Clair mentions it merely as a fort in the Cherokee country, in his letter to
Bouquet, May 31.
"'See Bouquet to West, June 2.
“This apparently refers to Col. William Byrd, commissioner to the Cherokee and
Catawba Indians.
“Lieut. Col. George Mercer (1733-1784), of Marlborough, \’a., a member of the Vir-
ginia House of Burgesses, 1761-1762. He was commissioned in the Second Virginia
Regiment, under Byrd.
“Do not become impatient, my dear chevalier, I hope we shall succeed in the end.
Try to go to Carlisle to give the orders necessary to make pre])aration for our
return and to hurry our convoy, and I have asked for Sir Allen McLean to replace
me there. I am with complete devotion.”
“Major Andrew Lewis (1720-1781), Virginia surv'eyor and frontiersman, serving with
the First Virginia Regiment, 1758-1762.
“John McNeill, promoted to rank of captain in the First Virginia Regiment, about
July, 1757, upon Washington’s recommendation.
26
3 June 1758
BOUQUET TO EDWARD SHIPPEN
[H. S. P., Shipper! Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 171, A. L. S.]
Carlisle, 3'! June 1758
Sir
I expected to meet with Some difficultys m getting Waggons from Berks
& York County, but never imagined to be disappointed m Lancaster:
Every thing is ready for us to march & take Post at Reas Town, but
by want of a Sufficient number of Carriages, I am obliged to Stay here,
and to loose a precious time, that I could employ in Securing our frontiers;
This IS very bard for me, and I do not know bow your People will answer
for the Consequences.
Tbo’ your Pains to forward this Important service have been So ill
rewarded, I am not less obliged to you, & I hope that you will not be
discouraged by this bad Success, but take the most vigorous Measures
to recall your People to their duty, & true Interest:
I must have Waggons without delay & Either by Contracts, or im-
pressing I beg you will leave nothing untry’d to provide me w'^*' a sufficient
Number.
They will go twice from Carlisle to Reas Town and be paid ready Cash
and discharged if they don't Choose to Stay in the Service for the Expedi-
tion. It is an affair of three Weeks to remove all our Magazines, and
if they want money on Account, I will advance it: After the ten days
forrage are exhausted, they shall be Supplied by us.
I never knew better Conditions nor worse Subjects
I am with a sincere Regard Dear Sir
Your most obed* Hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
Edw'^^ Shippen Esq’':
Dear Sir
This is a private Letter^ for yourself, but I will w'rite another- to the
magistrates, to desire their assistance to fill up the Contracts.
I have empowred your Sheriff to fill up Such Contracts & advance if
necessary Some money to the People;
I desire only in the mean time that you Send me the 18 Waggons
wanting to make up the 60 I had requested Exclusive of those that are
Contracted for.
H. B.
27
3 June 1758
{Endorsed} Col° Henry Bouquet’s Letter Carlisle June 3 1758
[Addressed} To
Edw*? Shippen Esqr;
at Lancaster
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist, itf Biog., Vol. XXXII, 436-437.
’’This additional note was written on the back of the foregoing letter.
‘ Not found.
BOUQUET TO EDWARD SHIPPEN
[Carlisle, June 3, 1758]
Bouquet evidently wrote two letters to Shippen on this date. The preceding letter is
probably the one acknowledged by Shippen in his to Bouquet, June 4.
The other letter is missing, but was acknowledged by Shippen in his to Bouquet, June
9. Apparently it also dealt with the reluctance of the Lancaster County inhabitants to
furnish horses and wagons for the transportation of supplies.
BOUQUET TO STEVENSON
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216S2, f. 24, C.]*
George Stevenson Esqt
Carlisle June 1758. Copy
Sir/
It is with great Satisfaction that I see by your Letter of the 31®^ Ult"^
that you answer the Charactor Col; Armstrong had given me of you, as
a man of Publick Spirit, and Zealous for the Good of the Service, and
the Prosperity of his Country.
I depend, therefore, on your Assistance, to spirit up the People of
York County, where, I know, you have, a great influence, and make
them Sensible of the necessity of exerting themselves for the Success
of this Expedition upon which, the very being of this Province depends.
Let them set aside all Party’s and Dissentlons, and unanimously and
Chearfully Join their best endeavours, to ours, for the Supporting and
Seconding the vigorous measures now taken by his Majesty, for their
Defence and Safety.
Having received the Generals Orders- to take Post at Reas Town,^
I required Sixty Waggons from your County (for transporting the neces-
sary magazines) exclusive of those to be contracted for. These 60 Wag-
gons, with the same number from Lancaster, and as many from Berks
28
3 June 1758
County, are to be paid 15/ p Day for all the time they shall be employed
in Transporting Said Magazines to Reas Town.
Tho’ your County has at least four or five hundred Waggons, yet I
find by your Letter, that they make Difficulties of supplying me with the
small Number I require, under Pretence that they have formerly received
unfair wages from some officers, I know of none except, perhaps, one
horse that was drowned last year, & not paid for.
I hope that for a Dead Horse, the People of York County, will not
Distress the Service in such urging Circumstances, and Load themselves
with the Consequences of such undutiful Behaviour towards their King
and Country.
I am rather Inclin'd to think, that the nature of this Affair has not
been properly explained to them, and therefore, I beg you will use your
best endeavours to make them understand it. If you know of any real
Hardships that some of your Province has Suffered by Accident or
Otherwise in the Service last Year Please to let a Just and clear Repre-
sentation be drawn up, and sent to me, and I will lay it before the
Generals, who I am Persuaded will pay due regard to it.
With respect to the Defficiencies'^ justly complained of in the new
Levies, I hope they will be soon Supplyed particularly in point of Money:
And we expect, dayly to receive Some arms, and Tents sent over by his
Majesty. But in the interim, I think it advisable to persuade every
Man that has a Good Gun, or Rifle to bring it with him, and it shall
be Appraised, that in case it shou’d be lost, or destroyed on real Service,
the owner may be paid the just Value of his Arms.
In regard to the Soldiers detained on Acco*^ of the Man® wounded, I
acquiese, intirely to either of the two Methods you Propose, viz’, of
Summoning the Witnesses to Appear on a short Day / which I believe
must be done by yourself Col. Armstrong and his Battalion being Marched
from hence, or Compromising the affair by friends. The Regiment being
willing to pay any indemnification to the Sufferer for smart, loss of time
not exceeding £ 10. Pennsylvania Currency.
I rely intirely on your readiness and Dilligence for the speedy Dispatch
of the Several Articles above mentioned; and am much obliged to you
for the trouble you have already taken to forward the Different Branches
of the Service that have come within your Sphere & Cognizance.
I am
H. B.
P. S. It will be absolutely necessary that the Men of the New Levies
furnish themselves with Blankets, by bringing them off their own beds.
29
3 June 1758
or otherways if they can find none to Purchase, for they can get none
from us, and there is no going Thro’ the Campaign without.
[Endorsed] Letter Col: Bouquet to M*" Stevenson
* Original not found. A rough draft of lettet, dated June 2, is in B. M., Add. MSS.
21652, f. 22.
^This letter is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 96, and will be published in Vol. I of the
Bouquet Papers.
® Forbes to Bouquet, May 20, 1758, in B. M., .'^dd. MSS. 21640, f. 34. It will be
published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
® Raystown, now Bedford, in Bedford County, Penna.
‘According to Stevenson’s letter to Bouquet, May 31, the new levies had few guns,
and no ammunition, accoutrements, or regimentals.
^Details not found but mentioned in Stevenson’s letter to Bouquet, May 30, 1758, in
B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 94. This will be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet
Papers.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 11, A. L S.]
Winchester June 3'’ 1758
Dear Sir
Late last night I got your Letter^ of the 29 of May, Co? Stephen was
gone from hence with 6 Companys I have sent after him to desire he will
take the 114 Tents which I hope he will receive this day.
From our different Situations, I can easily perceive we cannot carry
on the Service unless we have a meeting, if I send the Troops all to fort
Cumberland I must distress you greatly in the Article of provisions. As
you leave Carlisle on Munday I must propose having an Interview-
with you on Teusday or Wednesday Next at Conegogee. I shall be there
on Teusday Next and leave 25 Men of the Virginians at Pawlens^ for
your Escort. I shall get Gov'' Sharpe'^ to meet us on Teusday where we
shall be able to settle every thing of our future Motions
I am Dear Bouquet
Yours Most Sincerely
John Clair
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Received the 5^’' June answered
the 6**'® Sir John S* Clair
'Not found, but there may be an error in date. Contents of this letter would seem to
refer to Bouquet’s of May 31, 1758, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 7, which will be
published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
^Bouquet was unable to attend the conference. See St. Clair to Bouquet, June 6.
“Henry Pawlin’s plantation was near Williams' Ferry, at the mouth of Conococheague
Creek, present Williamsport, Md.
‘Horatio Sharpe (1718-1790), governor of Maryland, 1753-1769.
“ Not found.
30
4 June 1758
MARTHA MAYi TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 101, A. L. S.]
Honourd SV
Carlisle June 1758
Please to hear the Petition of your Poor unfortunate Servant Martha
May, now Confined in Carlisle Gaol Please your Hon'' as my Husband
is an Old Soldier and Seeing him taken out of the Ranks to be Con-
fined Put me in Such a Passion that I was almost besides myself but
being informd, after that I abused Honour, to a High degree, for
which I ask Y?" Honour a Thousand Pardons, and am Really Sorrow
for what I have said&done; Knowing Y' Honour to be a Compationate,
and Mercifuly Man, I beg and hope yottll take it into Consideration
that it was the Love I had for my Poor Husband; and no hill
wdl to Y' Honour, which was the cause of abusing so good a Colonel
as you are. Please to Sett me at Liberty this time & I never will dis-
oblige yt Honour nor any other Officer belonging to the Army for the
future, as I have been a Wife 22 years and have Traveld with my Husband
every Place or Country the Company Marcht too and have workt very
hard ever since I was in the Army I hope y' Honour will be so Good as to
Pardon me this [onct]t time that I may go with my Poor Husband,
one time more to carry him and my good Officers water in y® Hottest
Battle as I have done before.
I am
unfortunate Petitioner and Hum O'® Servant
Mar? May
[E7idorsed] Petition of Martha May to carry Water to the Soldiers in
the heat of Battle.
[Addressed] To the Right Hon’?*® Colonel Bouquet These
t Stricken out.
'Not identified.
SHIPPEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 102, A. L. S.]
Lancaster June d-*" 1758
Sir
I received Your kind favour* of Yesterday; and being again disap-
pointed of making up the Sixty Waggons you were pleased to demand
from this County & only three coming in Since the first parcel went off,
I last night issued out fresh warrants and sent them to the Constables
31
5 June 1758
into Townships where I am informed waggons are very plenty, and I
hope they will all come here on Monday or Tuesday, when I shall See
them sent off without the least delay. In a Letter- I was writing to His
Honour the Governour I acquainted him I had heard that some of the
Germans were dissatisfied at being obliged to find twelve days Provision
& forage for themselves & their horses; but acknowledged at the Same
time You had done me the honour to consult me on that advertisement
and that I then thought it all very right, [and]t but took all the blame
intirely to m}^ Self indeed, I only mentioned the affair from a Zeal for
the good of the Service. This grumbling I am apt to think proceeded
only from Some few' ill disposed people and I hope I Shall easily [obviate]t
obviate the Objections if I hear any more of them, and this I have Since
mentioned'* to M"" Peters. I beg your honour will be So good to put
a favourable Construction on that Letter of mine to the Governour.
My best Wishes Shall always attend you being with great Sincerity
[ beingjt
Your Honour’s esteemed Friend & Most Obedient Humble Servant
Edw‘? Shippen.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s ha7idzi> riling] M"" Shippen T** June
[Addressed] To CoP Bouquet.
^ Not found.
^ Not found. See Bouquet to Forbes, June 3.
° Not found.
‘Shippen to Peters, June 3, printed in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 409.
BOUQUET TO MAGISTRATES OF BERKS COUNTY
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 30, Df,]*
Carlisle 5 June 1758.
Gentlemen
By letter* of the 22“'* May I required 60 Waggons from your County
to be employed in Transporting the Provisions to the Frontiers, Ex-
clusive of those to be taken by Contract for the Service During the
Campaign
The time appointed for the xAppearance of the above 60 Waggons
being elapsed, and his Majesty’s Service being intirely Stoped by w'ant
of these Carriages.
This is to desire you to order the said Sixty Waggons or the Number
of them that your County can Possibly [spare]+ afford - to repair
+ Stricken out.
32
5 June 1758
immediately at Barney Hughes- and Thomas Harris’s Mill,® to load
Flour and Oats, and Proceed to Carlisle under the direction of One Wag-
gon-Master for every 30 Waggons, Carrying with them forrage for ten
Days after their arrival to said Carlisle, where they will receive further
Directions for the Transport of Provisions to the Frontiers, they will be
Paid at 15 / P Day and Discharged as soon as the Magazines are formed
at Reas Town, and if any of them shou'd desire afterw’ards to be employed
for the Expedition he may Enter into Contract.
This important Service admitting of no delay I expect, that you will
exert your Authority, if other means are not sufficient
1 am
Gentlemen
Yours most Obed*
{no signature]
* Original not found.
^ Not found.
° Barnabas Hughes, located on the road from Lancaster to Harris’ Ferry, at the present
site of Elizabethtown, Lancaster County, Penna.
®Not located, but may have been near Barnabas Hughes, who was said to have pur-
chased his place from Thomas Harris.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Carlisle, June 5, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by St. Clair in his to Bouquet, June 6. Bouquet’s
letter explained his failure to meet St. Clair and Governor Sharpe at Conococheague, as
planned.
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[Carlisle, c. June 5, 1758]
There are two letters from Bouquet to Stephen missing. Both were acknowledged by
Stephen in his to Bouquet, June 6, but there is no indication of the contents of either one.
33
5 June 1758
BOUQUET TO WEISER
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 31 Df.]*
To Conrad Weiser Esq^^
Sir
Carlisle 5*'' June 1758
Besides the 60 Waggons [I requiredjt that I have required from
your County, for the Transport of Provisions to the Erontier, and which
I expect will be sent immediately to the appointed Places,- more will
be wanted for the Expedition, therefore I must beg the favour of you
to use your Influence to fill up as many of the Printed Contracts as you
Can; & to appoint a Day and Place to receive them
I do impower you hereby to name and appoint Appraisers to Value the
Waggons & Horses in Behalf of the Crown, jointly with those appointed
by the Magistrates in behalf of the Owners —
If some money in Advance is wanted to enable any Poor farmer to
fit out his Waggon, you will draw upon AP Adam Hoops for the necessary
Sum And he shall inform you of the time the said Contracted Waggons
shall be wanted —
I inclose you an Advertisement which you may alter as you think
necessary —
There must be a Waggon Master Appointed to every 30 Waggons of
your County —
AP Hoops informed me of a very fit [hand]t Man"* whose name I have
forgot, w'ho was recommended by you, I beg you will appoint bim one
of the Waggon Alasters, and if the five shillings p Day dont appear to
him sufficient, I will add something to it /for him alone ■'
I am Sorry my Dear Colonel to give you all this trouble, but I know
that you will do Chearfully anj^ thing to forward his Majesty’s Service
I am
[no signature]
[Endorsed] Copy of Letters'^ Written to Conrad Weiser Esq’’ & other
Magistrates of Berks County.
* Original not found.
+ Stricken out.
^Conrad Weiser (1696-1760), famous and influential Pennsylvania Indian agent,
who was adopted by a Mohawk family and spoke the language fluently. He was ap-
pointed colonel by Gov. Morris, in 1755, commissioned lieutenant colonel of the first
battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment in 1756, and resigned in January, 1758.
Consult DAB.
^ Barnabas Hughes’ place, and Thomas Harris’ mill. See preceding letter.
^ Not found.
"“John Lesher (1711-1794) emigrated from Germany to Pennsylvania in 1734. He
later moved to Reading and became prominently identified with the iron industry in
Berks County. See Weiser to Bouquet, June 14.
^ See preceding letter to Berks County Magistrates.
34
5 June 1758
HUGH MERGER! TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 104, L S.]
S'" Camp at Fort Lyttleton June 5“* 1758
On My Arrival at Fort Louden the S'? Instant, I found Cap* Calender
had marched the Six Companies, under his Command towards Lyttleton,
w'?** Obliged me to recall two Companies to Compleat two hundred Men
to be Stationed at Louden.^ Yesterday they join’d the Garrison at Lou-
den, and I proceeded to this Fort, Finding Calenders party about half
way, hard at Work in repairing the RoadA It is with Extream Dificulty
they have got along, three of the Wagons broke down, and I was Oblig’d
to bring an Empty Wagon from Louden to take up a Load which I under-
stand was left on the Road. I have Orderd a Party of Forty Men from
Louden with two Officers to go to work immediately On the Road from
thence to Shypies Burg^ Until it is Sufficiently repair’d, and Shall Send
an Equal number towards Louden to Morrow; The late Rains have ren-
dered many Parts almost impassable, till good Bridges are made, besides
the Loads put on board are Such as never were before Attempted to be
Carried along this Road, and will Occasion great Loss of time, by the
breaking of Waggons. I Was under a Necessity of discharging two
Waggons at Louden w*^'' ought to have Proceeded further, the Horses
being unable to draw the Loads further. A Party of Six Cherrokee Indians
Arriv’d Yesterday from the Westward, they have been gone Six Weeks
from thence & have lost One of their Number in an Engagement near
Fort Priscisle^ on Lake Erie, As I imagine from their Signs, for We have
no Interpreter here. A return® of whats wanting to Compleat the Bat-
tallion is herein Enclos’d, and Cap? Calender tells me the Axes delivered
him, are very ill Tempered, either two Soft, or So hard, as to Fly Imme-
diately, and wdl require a Black Smith to go to work on them. Two
Sledges and two Crow barrs, are much Wanted, On this road. As the
Duty of Escorting falls Entirely, to the First Battalion, and this of
repairing the Roads will require much hard Labour, I hope you Will See
It requisite to Strengthen Me.
I am Sir,
Your most obedient humble Servant
Hugh Mercer^
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Alercer upon the Road
'‘Col. Hugh Mercer (c. 1725-1777), physician, born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He came
to America about 1747, enlisted in the third battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment
and was promoted from major to colonel commandant. May 29, 1758. Consult
DAB.
"Fort Loudoun, Penna.
^ See Callender to Bouquet, June 2.
‘ Shippensburg, Penna.
Apparently Fort Le Boeuf is meant. See Trent to Bouquet, June 5.
” Not found.
’The complimentary closing is in Mercer’s handwriting.
35
5 June 1758
JAMESON TO BOUQUET
Sir
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 105, A. L. S.]
York-Town’^ 5**' June 1758
I this day Examined- and Passed 44 of Capt Hunters recruits; there
is more expected in to Morrow than will Compleat his Company; Cap3
j\U Phearsons^ Company I am informed is full; Cap3 M^Grews & Cap*
Hamiltons is not yet near Compleat.
As the recruits is Sent almost throughout the County Recruiting I
expect it will be near the latter end of the week before they will all
Arrive in Town. I have but little Hopes of getting y® recruits to furnish
themselves with Arms Amunition or Blankets; of the 44 that Passed
to day not one third of them had Arms or could be Prevailed on to Gett
any, Therefore I imagine it will be difficult if not impossible to Gett a
Sufficient Number for the Men that are to eschort the Waggons.
I find it very difficult to keep the recruits in order as there is no
Sergeants among them the least acquainted with duty nor so much as a
Single Drum. The recruits are not yett Provided with Cloaths or any
Necessaries for Marching.
I am S^
Your Most Obedient 6c most Humble Serv*
David Jameson
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Cap^ Jameson receiv’d 6^^ June
mention in my Answer the necessity of Escorts
^York. Penna.
‘Orders received from Bouquet. Cf. Jameson's letter to Gov. Denny, June 6, printed
in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 412.
® Capt. Robert McPherson.
ST. CLAIR TO BOL’QUET
:b. m.. Add. :\iss. 21639, f. 13, a. l. s.j
Winchester June S'** 1758
Dear Sir
This morning I have received your Letter* of the 3*? I am glad you
begin your March as this day as by your being at fort Loudoun to morrow,
you may easily come to Conegogee being only 24 Miles, where you will
see Gov’’ Sharpe, one may do more in one half hour by being together,
than by writiting for 6 Months. I cou’d not well have desired Gov'' Sharpe
36
5 June 1758
to come up to the Pensylvania forts, otherwise I woud have come to you,
’tho I have not one Sadie Horse with me.
I shall not enter into a particular detail of our Affairs untill I see you
There is nothing new since my last,^ the Waters are so high, that Major
Lewis is stopt on his march between this and Augusta Court house. ^
Cob Washington returns from W“®burg^ on Wednesday so that I must
he back at this place by Thursday, for one day lost is a great deal.
I have not done much this 3 days past. I expect some Arms from Mary-
land this day & 200 Tents from Philadelphia in a day or two more. My
Compliments to Col* Armstrong and Col* Burd. I am with a most sincere
reg'?
Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Serv^
John Clair.
[Endorsed hi Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S*^ Clair receiv’d 7*^*“
June 1758
^Bouquet to St. Clair, June 3, which see.
^ St. Clair to Bouquet, June 3, which see.
“ Present site of Staunton, Va.
* Williamsburg, Va.
TRENT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216SS, f. 4, C.]*
a Coppy of Cap* Trents* Letter
Eort Loudoun June the 5^** 1758.
Sir
Late this afternoon Anthony” and another Indian from Carlisle came
here, as soon as they came into the Eort the Indians called a Council,
after consulting sometime they sent for me and let me know that they
intended to go home in three days, and desired that I wou’d give them
goods to go home with. I told them that you intended here in a few
days, that you intended to [to]t hold a Council with the Chiefs of all
the Indians at this Place, that it was proper they shou’d stay and hear
what you had to say to them, that in the mean time I wou’d give their
Young Men who returned from War Cloathing, as they were in want,
not having receiv’d any since they came here, they told me that wou’d
not doe, they could not stay. I then told them that I wou’d send of an
Express to acquaint you of their intending home, and that you would be
soon up, or send [me]t me orders how to Act, they told me that would
not do, either, that they wou’d go home and not wait, and if I wou’d not
make them a large Present to Carry home with them they would Rob
t Stricken out.
37
5 June 1758
all the English Houses they met with in their way home, that some of
their Young Men had been at the French ForH last Summer, that the
French were good Men, and as the Creeks intended to join them, the
Cherokees wou’d join them also, and make War upon the English. I find
their Scheme is to intimidate me in order to get large Presents that they
may set of home, ever since I have been here I have had no Interpreter
but an Indian, and I am now obliged to make use of this Scoundrel
Anthony, the same fellow [that]! who has Created all this Confusion,
as an Interpreter, when the Indians first came if they had been told the
service we expected from them, and had agreed with them for what things
we should have given them at their going out, and what at their Return
from War, we should not have had this trouble, neither [ wou’d ]t wou’d
it have been attended with nigh the Expence.
I am of Opinion that their is no method than can be fell upon so likely
to keep them the Campaign as the one I just mentioned, and the sooner
it suits you to call them together the better. I shall do everything in
my Power to prevent these from going off. As Colonel Stevens'* encamps
with the Virginians and 25 Cawtabas at Maxwells^ about Six Miles
from here, I shall Consult him [himjt in the morning, when the Indians
found that I would not be Prevailed on to give them very large Presents
to return home with, one of them pulled of his Shirt and throwed it to
me. I took it up and jocosely thanked him, and told him I was a poor
Man and wanted a Shirt, he told me that he did not give it me, but the
Coll, /meaning you/ and desired me to get it washed and give it you.
Then a Number more brought their Bundles and throwed them down
and told me to keep them and give them to you as you loved goods;
this was owing to Anthony who told them you would give them nothing,
that they might see what they had to Expect from you by the way he
was Cloathed, and then told them how well Captain Bullen was used,
and how 111 the Cherokees were used at Carlisle. Tomorrow they say
they will send of five of their Young Men to Winchester, to desire the
Cherokees there to go home and not to come here for they will get
nothing.
A small Party of 5 or 6 of their Men who were at War are returned to
Fort Lyttleton; near to the Fort® at the Head of Beof River or Venongo
Creek they fired upon some Indians who were bringing some baggage over
the Carrying Place, and Shot down three of them, but a Party of the
Enemy who was just by, that they had not seen, fired upon them, and
killed one of their Men, and the rest are come in naked. There is now
here 67. Indians and I think they will hardly set off till the party which
is come into Fort Lyttleton comes down here. By the return of the
Express who is sent with a letter" to you which came from Fort Lyttle-
+ Stricken out.
38
5 June 1758
ton, which was desired to be forwarded from this Place by Express, Please
to let me know your Orders and when I may Assure them you will be
here — it is almost midnight
I am
Sir
Your most obed^ Humble Serv^
William Trent
AT Basset the Engineer came here this afternoon |
Eort Loudoun 6 June at Sunrise 1758
P S.
Sir
This morning the Indians seem m better temper I believe they will
stay three or four Days as I understand you are coming I am in hopes
you will reach this by that tim.e and that you will please to send of an
Express for the Interpreter Smith® as there will be no doing without him,
unless he is already ordered here
I am
Sir
Your most obed- Humble Serv^
William Trent
I received a letter® from Captain Bosomworth inclosing me an Invoice
of a Quantity of Indian Goods, which I understood was on the Road but
can hear nothing of them if they have not left Carlisle please to order
them up as they will be immediately wanted
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap"? Trent's Letter 5-'* June
* Original not found.
^Capt. William Trent (1715-1787), Pennsylvania trader and land speculator, and a
partner of George Croghan. He left the service of Pennsylvania to command the
Virginia e.xpedition sent to build a fort at the forks of the Ohio, in 1754. Consult
DAB.
‘Neithet Indian identified.
®Fort Duquesne was known as the French fort.
■' Col. Adam Stephen.
Not identified.
“Fort Le Boeuf.
'This may have been Mercer’s letter to Bouquet, June 5, which see.
^ Probably Richard Smith, Indian interpreter from Keowee and the lowet Cherokee
towns.
'Neither letter nor invoice found.
39
6 June 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 58, A. L. S.]*
Sir
Philad'? June 6^^ 1758
I had the favour of yours of the 3'^^ last night and I thank you for your
care, and the good disposition you are like to put our confused xkffairs in.
You Shall want nothing from me that can contribute to the speedy exe-
cution of whatever is necessary. For which reason I shall send off on
thursday 200 more tents, with Canteens and Camp Kettles for the Vir-
ginians, as likewise sadles Scc^ for that light troop
I shall likewise forward 40 Waggons with our Artillery stores upon
frlday or Saturday, 40 more upon monday, and the last forty with the
Cannon upon tuesday. The 2 Companys of R. A. goes as an escorte to
those Waggons, who are not to stop untill they get to Carlisle.
I shall order the 3 Companys of Highlanders to march to Carlisle from
Lancaster upon monday next. Col° Montgomerys Battalion is in the river.
I hope to disembark them to morrow, and shall encamp them a few days,
and they shall follow up the train of ArtilF-'’ directly, so that I hope to
gett the whole away from this next week. And I hope by that time to
have all the provincialls in pretty great forwardness having sent Major
shippen- through amongst them in order to make them defile away to-
wards Carlisle, where we must encamp them for a few days, in order to
see what stuff they are made of, and to make proper detachments from
them to the Forts upon Susquehanna and so to the Delaware. As to the
draughting the light troop, I fancy that may be gott easily done, and the
Govern'' has [madejt formed the province troops into three reg5 but I
have not got the names of the Companys that are to constitute each
Regk but I shall send it you.
I shall order S"' Allan M*^ Lean up to Carlisle. I shall send with the
Convoy 1,000 pair of shoes, and shall order another 1000 to be made, and
have ordered M"' HowelL to send up some tuns of salt.
What you have wrote for shall be taken care off.
I think S^'' John should come to Carlisle to superintend the Convoys,
and the Estaffetts'^ ought to be fixed at their different stages.
I agree that the Indians ought to be under the direction and man-
adgement of one person, and for that purpose think Col° Bird® of Vir-
ginia would be the properest with M'' Bossomworth’s Assistance, as I do
not yet know how farr we can trust to AT Bossomworth or how farr S'''
^\Illiam Johnston® will intermedle but keep this to yourself and make
the best of it m the mean time. And tell M'’ Bosomworth that I will set-
Col: Bouquet.
+ Stricken out.
40
6 June 1758
tie some thing for him when I come up You liave done very right in
Confining the French man, who deserves to he hanged, so pray let all
the other french men be taken up and sent down under a guard
Gov'' Glen' offers you his best wishes and believe me [yr]t in haste
Y'' most ob- hum’® Serv*
Jo: Forbes
I have not time to write to S"’’ John S* Clair
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 107-108.
'Bouquet to Forbes, June 3, which see.
'Major Joseph Shippen.
® Joshua Howell of Philadelphia, contractors’ agent for provisions for the southern
district.
' Estafette, a courier or e.xpress.
^ Col. William Byrd.
’’Sir William Johnson (1715-1784), baronet and major general. He was appointed
superintendent of Indian affairs for the northern district in North America, in 1755,
and was noted for his great influence among the Iroquois. Consult DAB.
’'James Glen (1701-1767.'’), governor of South Carolina, 1738-1756. He was a cousin
of Gen. John Forbes. Consult DAB.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 15, A. L. S.]
Conegogege June b’** 1758
Dear Colonel
I received your Letter’ of yesterdays date, this day at 12 o’clock. I am
sorry your Situation is such that you cou’d not come to this place, the
Same reason that prevents your coming, obliges me to return to Win-
chester, Viz to put the whole in motion, of which I shall be very particular
so soon as I get to Winchester. But I must tell you that if you wou’d have
me march a Division by Fort Cumberland, you’ll please to send me an
order, for the Experiment is dangerous, for had I marched from Win-
chester 24 Days ago I coud not have reached the fort by this time, and
I assure you the Pattomack- has as much water in it as the Po at
Cremona.®
I shall therefore continue to make my small Corps file off in Divisions
towards you. Nothing shall stop my march but want of Blanketts, which
I cannot march without. When the whole is in motion I shall come to fort
Loudoun in Pens? and afterwards either join you, or go to Carlisle, as
you shall judge best for the Service. But if I am to join you, please to
order my field Equipage to be at [the]t Fort Loudon the 15-’' that I may
find it there, and no time lost.
t Stricken out.
41
6 June 1758
Gov^ Sharpe is here, he desires his Compliments to you, I have given all
the Cash I had for clearing the Men at fort Frederick,'^ the Gov"" will or-
der them to March to fort Cumberland on [Munday]t Wednesday next,
by which day I expect to be able to leave Winchester. I am with great
Reg'^
My Dear Sir
Your most obedient and most humble Serv*
John S‘ Cl.xir
To Colonel Bouquet.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] From Sir John S* Clair 6^*^ June
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
^ Potomac River.
^Cremona, Lombardy, Italy. The Po River frequently flooded at that point.
‘Fort Frederick, built by Gov. Sharpe in 1755, was located at the present site of
Frederick, Md.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 106, A. L. S.]
[Eort Loudoun, June 6, 1758]
Sir,
I receiv’d the honour of both your Letters.^ We arrivd at this place
a few hours ago, all w'ell & in good Spirits except three Recruits. Potow-
mack being high & the roads muddy detaind us a day & half longer on
our march.
I shall employ a hundred men on the Road toward E Littleton tomor-
row, & shall review both that & the Road towards Shippenburgh.
By S'’ John S*' Clair’s Orders- I left an Officer & twenty five men at
Pawlins untill further Orders.
Please to pardon my not Sending the Returns by this Opportunity,
being Busy the Cherokees whom I think to detain.
Cap^ Johnne^ with tw'enty five Catabaws Came along with me from
Winchester. I will take Care of the Cattle, and am with the greatest
respect.
Sir,
your most Obi & most hub® Ser"^
Fort Loudoun June 6^*' 1758 [ Adam Stephen
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Stephens 6**' June
' Not found.
^ See St. Clair to Bouquet, June 3.
" Capt. Johnny, or Jemmy Bullen, a Catawaba warrior. He was killed near Fort
Cumberland, in August.
42
7 June 1758
BOUQUET TO ALLAN MAC LEAN
[Carlisle, June 7, 1758]
Letter missing but acknowledged by MacLean in his to Bouquet, June 9. Bouquet’s
letter apparently gave him instructions, subject to Forbes' approval, for marching to
Carlisle.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 32, A. L. S.]
Carlisle 7? Juin 1758
Monsieur
Les armes, Tentes, et Alunitions n’etant pas arrives, j’ay ete oblige de
clifferer mon depart, n'ayant personne icy a qui je pusse remettre le
detail et la disposition des differens articles.
312 Mousquets, Cartouches, Bayonettes, & Blankets sont arrives
aujourdhuy pour les Provinciaux, j’ay Stir le Champ complete Burd avec
169 Mousquets, et remis ses vieilles Armes aux deux Cap"®® M'^ NighU et
Boyer,- pour armer leurs Compagnies, en attendant qu'on en trouve
d autres. Ce Bataillon marche domain pour joindre Armstrong^ a
Littleton.
Malgre toutes les Reparations faits aux Chemins ils Sont presque
impraticables depuis Shippensburg par les Pluyes continuelles dans des
Terres grasses. — Plusieurs Chariots Sont restes dans les Boues, et quelques
tins ont ete 3 Jours de Shippensburg a Fort Loudoun; J’y fais travailler
continuellement mais il faudra leur donner le terns de Se raffermir
C’est un obstacle que Ton ne pent pas forcer.
Le Col. Stephens est avec 600 homes des Troupes de Virginie /5 Comp^®
de Washington, et une Comp® de Charpentiers/ a Fort Loudoun, Cum-
berland Comte, aussi occupe a reparer les Chemins.
Cette disposition me derange, je Suppose que Sir John^ y a ete force
faute de Vivres.
Nous aurons asses de Chariots, il y en a 47 de Lancaster, exclusifs de
ceux qui ont contracte, et j’en attens une 20^ de Berks County; Il m’en
faut environ 120 pour marcher a Reas Town, et nous completerons ce
nombre avec les Chariots pris par Contract, qui Se remplissent de tous
cotes.
C’etoit un bon Plan S’il avoit pu S’executer de n’employer que des
Chariots presses pour la formation de ces Magazms, Car je vois que ce
Service fait, Ils Seront tous hors d’Etat de Servir pour I’Expedition.
On n’est pas hors d’une difficulte que Ton tombe dans une autre; Le
Pore pour nos Magazms ayant ete achete en Maryland, ou la Caroline
7 June 1758
43
ne vaut rien, et vous verres par I’lnspectioii'^ gy jointe que I’Echantillon
que nous avons veu, n’est pas recevable
II y en a 200 Barils a 22 miles d’lgy chez John Hamilton;® Pour eviter
les fraix de Transport, J’y ay envoye ce m^atin hP Woods" Depute
Comissaire avec le Lieut® Billing, & Hoops pour Texaminer, mais je ne
pourray avoir leur Raport que dans deux Jours —
Si ce Magazin la nous manque, come je m’y attens nous Sommes reduits
aux Provisions fraiches, jusqu'a ce que Ton nous envoye du Pork de
Philadelphie.
Pour fixer cet article je vous envoye la Lettre* que le Comissaire® m’ecrit
Sur I’Equivalent qui doit etre fourni aux Troupes au lieu de Pois, et de
Beurre.
Je n’ay point voulu prendre Sur moy de regler rien la dessus, Provi-
sionellem^ je fais donner outre le Boeuf et le Pain une Livre de farine
et une Pinte et demie de Ris, ce qui n’est pas egal a la Ration Complette. —
Je crois que les Contracteurs devroient donner Une Livre de Boeuf, ou
de Pork, ou du moins 9tfc de farme avec la Pinte 14 de Ris; Je vous
prie de vouloir fixer cette Proportion avec Howell,^® et ne plus permettre
qu’ils achetent du Pork des Provinces cy dessus mentiones, II est toujours
mauvais et mal Sain.
La farine n’est pas blanche, mais comme elle est bonne, et que les
Moulins de ce Pays gy ne jeuvent pas moudre plus fin, Je crois Si vous
I’aprouves que I’on pourroit passer la dessus.
Hoops paroit deja degoute des difficultes qu’il rencontre, et je crois que
Si on objectait a Sa farine, il renonceroit a I’Entreprise, ce qui dans les
Circonstances Seroit pire que de la farine grise. Car on ne trouveroit pas
aisement tin home aussi actif, et Si bien au fait du Pays.
Nous eumes hier 98 Chevaux qui Sont meilleurs ou plutot moins mau-
vais que je ne les attendois. On les a Separes aujourdhuy en deux Troupes.
J’espere que le Cap*^® Hambright^^ en aura une. C’est I’homme de
I’Amerique le plus propre a cette Comission.
J’ay fait tirer 15 homes de Burd, & 6 des deux Comp^® de nouvelles
Troupes icy, a qui Ton donnera des Chevau.x demain. Si tous les Cava-
liers Sont aussi bien Choisis, vous pouves compter Sur une Troupe de
braves gens.
Nous attendons les Selles et Pistolets, mais on dit qu’il n’y a ni Brosses
ni Etrilles.
Je me Suis empare de toutes les Prairies aux Environs de Carlisle, et
les ai faits apprecier par des Jures, on en prendra ce que Ton aura Occa-
General Forbes
44
7 June 1758
sion — Et Ton pourra faire du foin du reste, ou le laisser faire aux Pro-
prietaires; pour former des Magasins pour le Retour, et le Passage des
Boeufs
J’envoye ordre^- aujourdhuy aux 3 Comp'?^ additionelles de marcher
de Lancastre Lundy 12^ Cour* pour venir camper iqy, et afin de laisser le
Commandement a Sir Allen, j’envoyeray les Ameriquains^^ a Fort
Loudoun.
Jusqu’a ce que Ton puisse avoir des Tentes pour les nouvelles Levees,
on ne pent rien faire avec Eux. — II n’y a pas iqy de quoy loger plus de
200 homes, et ce n’est qu’en les ayant ensemble qu’on pourra les choisir,
et mettre chacun a la Place ou il conviendra mieux.
Outre les 114 Tentes que j’ay deja envoye aux Virginiens, Je leur ferai
passer les 200 que j’attens demain, apres en avoir pris une 30^ pour
completter Armstrong,^® Et quand j’auray choisi les mousquets legers qui
pourront Servir aux Indiens, je leur envoyerai le reste a Conegogee; avec
les 10 Tentes pour la Cavallerie, & en general tout ce dont nous pourrons
nous passer. M? Walker^** est reste iqy express.
On me dit qu’il Seroit tres propre a etre Waggon Master General,
pour avoir la Surintendance du tout; Qui que ce Soit que vous trouvies
a propos de nommer pour ce Poste, Je pense qu’il est terns qu’il vienne
iqy, pour etablir I’ordre des le Commencement:
Un Sous Depute Quartier Maitre General, Seroit aussi fort necessaire,
et un Clerc pour les Stores
Les Cherokees Se conduisent Si mal qu’il paroit qu’ils ont pris leur
Party, et Sont prets a nous quitter: Vous verres par les deux Lettres^®
qy Jointes ce que Ton en petit esperer: Sur les Plaintes de Trent, j’ay fait
assembler ce matin les Chefs de ceux que j’ay iqy, et leur ai represente
I’lndignite du Procede de ce coquin d’Antoine.^® Ils ont ri de Ses menaces,
et m’ont dit qu’il falloit qu’il fut gare; avec bien de la Peine j’ay obtenu
qu’ils envoyeroient un d’eux a Fort Loudoun pour retenir les autres, et
leur dire que ce qui leur avoir ete raporte etoit faux. II est party ce Soir
avec un CaporaF^ qu’il a demande pour I’accompagner. 5 de leurs gens
Sont revenus de Venango,-^ oil ils en ont laisse 14, qui veulent tacher de
faire un Prisonier, ou raporter un Scalp.
Ils disent que tons les Indiens envoyent leurs femes et Enfans au dela
des Lacs, ce qui me fait croire qu’ils vont au devant du Gen^ Aber-
crombie,-- ou qu’ils reviendront bientot Sur nous.
Tout est tranquille, et depuis que je Suis iqy je n’ai pas oui parler d’un
Seul accident.
Quand je leur ai propose ce matin de venir avec moy a Fort Loudoun,
pour assister a un Conseil general, Ils m’ont dit qu’ils ne pouvoient pas
quitter Carlisle que le reste de leurs gens en Party ne fut rentre; & que
7 June 1758
45
d’aillieurs il y avoient beaucoup de Chefs en Campagne, dont il falloit
attendre le retour.
Le Succes qu’aura Bosomworth decidera dans peu ce que nous pouvons
esperer d’Eux. S’ils veulent venir a Loudoun, Tout pourroit encore se
raccomoder, S’ils refusent, on ne pent plus compter Sur Lux. Le Seul
Dedommagement qui nous restera S’ils nous quittent, est que nous ne
Serons plus obliges de nous presser: Nous n’avons pas d’attaque en forme
a craindre, et les Lrangois trouveront autant de difbcultes a retenir leurs
Indiens que nous; Lt Si nous les perdons de Part et d’autre, L’avantage
reste Surement de notre cote.
Le Capt"® Gordon arriva iqy le 4® j’attens Son Convoj^ demain: Nous
n’avons avec ce qu’il apporta qu’environ 40,000 Cartouches ce qui pour
les 2000 homes n’est que 20 Coups chacun, et il ne reste rien en reserve,
ni de quoy Servir I’artillerie.
Il y avoir a Winchester 40 Barrils de Poudre & 170 Caisses de Balles,
ce qui ne Suffiroit pas encore. Je crois que vous Seres oblige d’acheter 2.
ou 300 Barrils de Poudre a Philad"? Car il en faudra consumer beaucoup
pour former un peu ces nouvelles Levees, et exercer nos Troupes a la
guerre des Bois.
Une grande Partie des Provinciaux Sont armes de Carabines Payees,
et ont leurs monies; Du Plomb en barre leur conviendra mieux que des
Balles, de meme qu’aux Indiens, mais il leur faut egalem* de la Poudre
Je vous prie de nous envoyer des munitions, du Papier a Cartouches,
et quantite de Pierres a fusil;
Chaque Chariot devroit avoir deux Cordes avec deux forts Iron Hooks
aux bouts, afin que les Soldats puissent les tirer des Bourbiers, et les
aider a monter les Montagnes.
Une quantite de Cordes d’un Pouce de Circonference pour her les
Charges des Chevaux de Bat, Si elles ne Sont pas deja pourvues.
J’epuise votre Patience a force de demander, mais je crois que j'ay fini.
J’ay ete desapointe par le retard de vos Chariots qui aportent nos
Armes, et par I’lmpossibilite de faire passer les miens en avant.
Sir John^^ m’a donne Rende vous pour etre aujourd[hu]y a Conegogee,
oil il m’attend avec le Gouverneur Sharpe, pour regler nos operations plus
clairem- que nous ne le faisons par Lettres.
J’attendrai encore jusques a demain a Midy et Si ces Armes et Tentes
n’arrivent pas, je laisseray les Directions necessaires au Cap^® Gordon et
je partiray pour Conegogee pour etre a Port Loudoun Samedy Soir.
46
7 June 1758
Comme je Suis oblige de caresser les Paysans d’un cote pendant que je
gronde de I’autre, Je ne puis eviter de votis recommander une bagatelle
qui est de trouver quelque moyen de faire payer entre les mains de Mt
Stevenson a York, la valeur de ce maudit Cheval-‘‘ noye I’annee passee au
Service du Second Batt. R. A.“® Cela fera un tres bon EflFet, et applanira
bien des difficultes.
Les Cinq deserteurs du Regim'^ de Pensilvanie qui avoient ete arretes
a Reading, ont ete amends iqy. Je ne crois pas que Ton puisse les pendre,
parcequ'il n’etoient pas paves, mais on pourroit leur en faire la Peur a
Re as Town.
J'ay rassemble une douz"® de mauvais Chevau.x qui ont appartenu a
I'Expedition du Gen‘ Braddok-® et Ton m’assure qu’il y en a encore plus
de 150 compris les Stray’d qui par la Loy d'angleterre appartienent au
Roy, jusqu’a ce qui le Proprietaire Se presente; Si vous trouves que cela
en vaille la Peine, vous pourries faire publier un Ordre de les livrer
promettant un Ecu a ceux qui les produiroient, ou decouvriroient, & mena-
gant de la rigueur de la Louy ceux que desobeiroient; On pourroit les
donnor aux Officiers a condition qu’ils Servirolent pour des Expres quand
on en auroit besoin, et de Chevaux de Bat dans I’occasion.
La quantite de Adarchands qui demandent a Suivre I’armee me fait
penser que Si vous offries quelque Encouragement vous pourries engager
des Ouvriers de Professions utiles comme Tailleurs Selliers, Armuriers,
Charrons, Alarechaux, a venir a I’Armee Sans gages, et pour leur
propre Compte; ce qui Seroit utile dans les Bois, et Sauveroit la Paye de
ces gens la.
Le Battallion de Burd est tres bon, je Suis fache qu’on I’aye Si fort
affoibli par les Garmsons des Ports, Ces Sont presque tous des Soldats
qui ont Servi en Europe, ou des Woods Men tres utiles dans cette Expe-
dition. L’autre Batt.^"^ ne paroit pas Si bon: II y a 30 bons homes a Fort
Allen,”^ et un bon Officier,-® que le Col. Burd Souhaitteroit que vous
voulussies lui renvoyer, en les faisant relever par des nouvelles Levees,
qui Suffiroient dans ce Poste Sans Consequence.
On Se plaint que nos baches ne valent rien, et j’aprens qu’il n’y a qu’un
nomme Miller^*^ a Philad? qui aye le Secret de faire de bons Trenchans,
mais il est trop tard.
II faudra beaucoup de Limes pour les Armuriers, ils ne peuvent pas les
fournir; L’Armurier de la ville pourroit vous fournir la liste du nombre
necessaire.
Je Suis avec le plus entier Devouement
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres Obeissant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
47
7 June 1758
J’ay 4 Guides. Receu les ;ri800 par le Cap'*® Gordon.
[Endorsed} CoF Bouquet. Carlisle — June 7‘‘’ R: 10 Ans*? d***
[TRANSLATION]
Carlisle, June 7, 1758.
Sir,
As the arms, tents, and munitions have not yet arrived, I have been
obliged to delay my departure, for there is no one here to whom I can
entrust the detail and the distribution of the different articles.
312 muskets, cartridges, bayonets, and blankets arrived today for the
provincials. I immediately supplied Burd with 169 muskets, and delivered
his old guns to the two captains, McNight’^ and Boyer,- to arm their com-
panies while waiting to get others. This battalion is marching tomorrow
to join Armstrong^ at Littleton.
In spite of all the repairs made on the roads, they are almost impassable
beyond Shippensburg because of the continual rains on the clay soil. Sev-
eral wagons have stuck in the mud, and several have been three days in
going from Shippensburg to Fort Loudoun. I am having them worked on
continually, but they must be given time to become hard. This is an
obstacle that cannot be overcome.
Col. Stephens, with 600 men of the Virginia troops (5 of Washington’s
companies, and a company of carpenters), is at Fort Loudoun, Cumber-
land County, also busy repairing roads.
This arrangement disturbs me. I suppose that Sir Johiv^ was forced to
it for want of provisions.
We shall have enough wagons. There are 47 from Lancaster, not count-
ing those contracted for; and I am expecting twenty of them from Berks
Count}". I need about 120 to march to Reas Town, and we shall make up
this number with the wagons taken by contract, which are being loaded
on all sides.
It was a good plan, if it had been able to achieve employing only the
wagons levied for the formation of these storehouses, for I see that when
this service is done, they wall all be unfit to use on the expedition.
One is not through with one difficulty before falling into another. The
pork for our stores, which was bought in Maryland or Carolina, is worth-
less; and you will see by the enclosed report® that the sample we have in-
spected, is not acceptable.
There are 200 barrels of it 22 miles from here, at John Hamilton’s.® In
order to avoid the cost of transportation, I have this morning sent there
48
7 June 1758
!\Ir. Woods," deputy commissary, with Lieutenants Billing and Hoops, to
examine it; but their report cannot reach me for two days.
If that storehouse fails us, as I expect it to do, we are reduced to fresh
provisions until pork is sent to us from Philadelphia.
To settle this matter, I am sending you the letter® which the com-
missary'^ writes me regarding the equivalent that is to be furnished the
troops in place of peas and butter.
I did not wish to take it upon myself to decide anything thereupon.
Temporarily, I have had them give, in place of the beef and bread, a
pound of flour and a pint and a half of rice, which is not as much as a full
ration.
I think that the contractors should give a pound of beef, or of pork,
or at least 9 pounds of flour with the pint and a half of rice. I beg you
to settle the proportion with Howell, and to permit no more pork to be
bought in tbe provinces mentioned above. It is always poor and unwhole-
some.
The flour is not white, but as it is good and the mills of this country
cannot grind it finer, I think — if you approve — that this can be over-
looked.
Hoops already seems discouraged by the difficulties he is encountering;
and I think that if we object to his flour, he will give up the undertaking,
which would be worse, under the circumstances, than grey flour; for such
an industrious man, and one so well acquainted with the country, could
not easily be found.
We got 98 horses yesterday which are better or, rather, not so bad as I
was expecting. Today they were divided into two troops. I hope that
Captain Hambright''^ will have one of them. He is the most suitable man
in America for that commission.
I had 15 men taken from Burd, and 6 from the two companies of new
recruits here, to whom horses will be given tomorrow. If ail the cavalry-
men are as well chosen, you can expect a troop of fine men.
We are waiting for the saddles and pistols, but they say there are
neither brushes nor curry-combs.
I have taken possession of all the meadows around Carlisle, and had
them appraised by jurymen. What is needed will be taken, and hay can
be made of the rest, or the proprietors can be allowed to do it, in order
to make up a supply for the return trip and the passage of cattle, etc.
I am sending orders^- today for the 3 additional companies to march
from Lancaster on Monday, the 12th of this month, to come here to
camp; and in order to leave the command to Sir Allen,''® I shall send the
Americans"^ to Fort Loudoun.
49
7 June 1758
Until tents can be obtained for the new recruits, nothing can be done
with them. There is no way of accommodating more than 200 men here;
and it is only by having them together that they can be chosen, and each
man put in the place for which he is best suited.
Besides the 114 tents I have alread}" sent to the Virginians, I shall
send them the 200 I expect tomorrow, after taking thirty to complete
Armstrong's;^® and when I have chosen the light muskets that can be
used by the Indians, I shall send the rest to them at Conegogee, with the
ten tents for the cavalry, and — in general — all we can spare. Mr. Walker^®
remained here purposely.
I am told that he would be well fitted to be wagonmaster general,^”
to have supervision of everything. Whomever you may find it wise to
appoint for this post, I think it is time for him to come here, to establish
order from the beginning.
An under deputy quartermaster general would likewise be ver\^
necessar}', as well as a clerk for the stores, etc.
The Cherokees are behaving so badly that it seems they have made their
decision, and are ready to leave us. You will see by the two letters^® en-
closed what can be expected from them. On Trent's complaint, I have had
assembled this morning the chiefs of those whom I have here; and pointed
out to them the infamy of the conduct of that rascal Antoine.^® They
laughed at his threats, and told me that he must beware. With much
trouble, I succeeded in having them send a man to Fort Loudoun to detain
the others, and to tell them that what had been reported to them was
false. Fie set out this evening with a corporal-® whom he asked to accom-
pany him. 5 of their men have returned from Venango,-^ where they have
left 14 men, who want to try to capture a prisoner, or take a scalp.
They say that all the Indians are sending their women and children
to the other side of the lakes, which makes me think that thej^ are going
to meet General Abercrombie,-^ or that they will soon return against us.
.'Ml is quiet, and since I have been here, I have not heard of a single
accident.
When I suggested to them this morning that they come with me to
Fort Loudoun to attend a general council, they told me that they could
not leave Carlisle until the rest of their men out raiding had returned;
and that, moreover, many chiefs were in the field, whose return must be
awaited.
Tb. e success Bosomworth has, will soon determine what we can expect
of them. If they wish to come to Loudoun, all could yet be reconciled;
if they refuse, we can no longer count on them. The only compensation
left to us if they leave, is that we will no longer be obliged to hurry. We
have no regular attack to fear, and the French will find as many diffi-
50
7 June 1758
culties in keeping their Indians as we; and if we both lose them, the ad-
vantage surely remains on our side.
Captain Gordon arrived here on the 4th. I expect his convoy tomorrow.
With what he brought, we have only about 40,000 cartridges, which for
2000 men is only 20 shots each; and none are left in reserve, nor anything
to supply the artillery.
At Winchester there were 40 barrels of powder and 170 boxes of bullets,
which would still not be enough. I think you will be obliged to buy two
or three hundred barrels of powder at Philadelphia, for it will be neces-
sary to use a great deal to train these new recruits a little, and to drill
our troops in forest warfare.
A large part of the provincials are armed with grooved rifles and have
their molds. Lead in bars will suit them better than bullets — likewise the
Indians — , but they also need fine powder FF.
I beg you to send us munitions, cartridge paper, and a quantity of
gunflints.
Each wagon should have two ropes with two strong iron hooks at the
ends, so that the soldiers can pull them out of the mudholes, and help
them to climb the mountains.
A number of ropes an inch in circumference to tie the loads on the pack
horses, if they have not already been provided.
I am exhausting your patience by so many requests, but I think I have
finished.
I was disappointed by the delay of your wagons carrying our arms, and
by the impossibility of sending mine forward.
Sir John has made an appointment-" to meet me today in Conegogee,
where he is waiting for me with Governor Sharpe, to regulate our opera-
tions more clearly than we are doing by letters.
I shall wait until tomorrow noon; and if these arms and tents do not
arrive, I shall leave Captain Gordon the necessary directions; and I shall
set out for Conegogee, to be at Fort Loudoun Saturday evening.
As I am obliged to make much of the country folk on the one hand,
while I scold them on the other, I cannot avoid recommending a trifle,
which is to find some way of paying, through the medium of Mr. Steven-
son at York, the cost of that cursed horse-^ which was drowned last year
in the service of the second battalion of the R. A.^“ That will have a
very good effect, and will smooth over many difficulties.
The five deserters from the Pennsylvania regiment, who were arrested
at Reading, have been brought here. I do not think that they can be
hung, as they have not been paid, but they can be made to fear it at
Reas Town.
51
7 June 1758
I have collected a dozen poor horses which belonged to General Brad-
dockV® expedition, and I am assured that there are still more than 150
included among the strayed, which by the law of England belong to the
King until the proprietor shows up. If you consider it worth the trouble,
you might have an order published to give them up, promising a crown
for those who bring or find them, and menacing those who disobey with
the penalt}' of the law. They could be given to the officers on condition
that they be used for expresses when needed, and for pack horses on
occasion.
The number of merchants asking to follow the army makes me think
that if you offer some encouragement, you could engage workmen of use-
ful trades, such as tailors, saddlers, gunsmiths, wheelwrights, blacksmiths,
etc., to come with the army without wages and of their own accord. This
would be very helpful in the woods, and would save paying those people.
Burd’s battalion is very good. I am sorry it has been weakened so much
by the garrisons for the forts. They are almost all soldiers who have served
in Europe or woodsmen who are very useful for this expedition. The other
battalion*^ does not seem so good. There are 30 good men at Fort Allen-®
and a good officer,-® whom Colonel Burd wishes you would send to him,
having them relieved by new recruits, who would be enough in this unim-
portant post.
They complain that our axes are worthless, and I understand that only
a man named Miller®® in Philadelphia has the secret of making good edges,
but it is too late.
A quantity of files will be necessary for the gunsmiths; they cannot
furnish them. The town gunsmith will be able to give you a list of the
necessary number.
I am with the most complete devotion.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
I have 4 guides. Received the /1800 by Captain Gordon.
'Capt. John McKnight, commissioned, December 26, 1757, in the first battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment. Cf. Byers’ letter to Peters, June 1, 1758, printed in Pa. Arch.,
Series 1, III, 406.
° Capt. John Byers, commissioned, April 27, 1758, in the second battalion of the Penn-
sylvania Regiment. Ibid.
^ Col. John Armstrong.
* Sir John St. Clair.
^ Not found.
'John Hamilton, a trader on the west side of the Monongahela, north of Dunkard
Creek, who was engaged in supplying provisions for the troops.
52
7 June 1758
Simon Draper Wood, Philadelphia, deputy commissary
® Not found.
"Simon Draper W'ood. See Bouquet to Burd, December 1.
“ Ses Forbes to Bouquet, June 10.
^'Capt. John Hambright, commissioned, December 14, 1757, in the second battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment, was transferred to the command of the Light Horse
Troop, May 2, 1758.
’■ Not found.
“Sir Allan MacLean, of the Highland Regiment.
“ Detachment of the Royal American (60th) Regiment.
“Col. John Armstrong’s first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“ Capt. Richard Walker of Bucks County, commissioned, December 24, 1757, in the first
battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
See Forbes to Bouquet, June 10.
“Probably Trent’s letters to Bouquet, June 5 and 6, which see.
“The Indian, Anthony. See Trent to Bouquet, June 5.
“ Not identified.
A former Indian vdlage and important trading post at the mouth of French Creek,
the present site of Franklin, Venango County, Penna. It was also the site of the
French Fort Machault, built in 1754.
“Gen. James Abercromby (1706-1781), commissioned as colonel, December, 1757, in
the 60th Regiment. He succeeded Loudoun as commander-in-chief in North America,
in 1758. Following his defeat at Ticonderoga, he was replaced by Amherst. Consult
DNB.
“St. Clair cancelled the appointment. See his letter to Bouquet, June 6.
See Bouquet to Stevenson, June 3.
"’Royal American (60th) Regiment.
■"Edward Braddock (1695-1755) was made major general in 1754, and later appointed
to the command of British forces in America. He was killed at the battle of the
Monongahela, July 9, 1755.
^Probably Col. Hugh Mercer’s third battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
■"Fort .Allen was built in 1756, at present Weissport, Carbon County, Penna.
""Capt. John Bull, commissioned. May 12, 1758, in the third battalion of the Pennsyl-
vania Regiment, was stationed at Fort .Allen, with a garrison of 30 men.
""William Miller of Philadelphia.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 108, A. L S.l
[Fort Loudoun, June 7, 1758]
Sir,
T he Indians Seem to be in better temper especially the young men. The
Avaricious Wabutchy^ seems to be an Incendiary. I remember to hear
L* Shaw" tell of bis being Obligd to drub him at Kiwee m his own Coun-
try. I believe that He and about Ten of bis patticular friends will go
to Winchester to morrow. The rest Stays untill You arrive.
Cap* Trent has Usd all possible endeavours to please them, & by my
Advice has given them Several necessar}^ thing’s.
Eleven are come in to da}^ belonging to a party in Winchester, who have
been out at the Presquisle Settlement,^ gives us an Acet. that the French
7 June 1758 53
are busy about Strengthening that Fort Sc that there are great Numbers
of Indians about it.
In the mean time they have lost a man, and are heartily Scard, so that
I believe they Magnify; how ever that place is most Convenient for
mantaining a number of men, untill they have immediate Occasion for
them down the River.
We have nothing here that is necessary for the Sick, neither Wine, Rice,
Early, Oatmeal, or Butter, I never liv’d in Such scarcity at Fort-
Cumberland.
Cap^ Fields Company of Artificers’^ have been on the Road to day, and
work extreamly well, but I have been obligd to order them extraordinary
Allowance. They are young men accustomd to Live on Strong food Such
as Hominy & bread made of Indian Meal, and unless they have large
Allowance no good is to be expected from them. I am Sorry to inform
you, that the Road to Littleton never will be good. It may be mended.
As the Kings Allowance of provisions is lessend. Since we left Carolina,
I should be extreamly obligd to you to Order me an Acc* of the new Regu-
lation, that I may Satisfy the men who Complain heavily.
I have the honour to be
Sir,
A'our most Ob^ Hub® Ser‘
Adam Stephen
Fort Loudon June 7-'* 1758
P. S. There are Several of the Pensylvanian Soldiers at this place are
sick & Many with Sore Legs; &; they have No Surgeon or Medicines to
assist them.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Col. Stephens 7*'‘ June
^ Warhatchie.
‘Lieut. Shaw of the South Carolina Independent Companies was appointed by Bou-
quet to the command of Fort Prince George at Keowee, in 1757. There is a draft
of Bouquet’s letter to Shaw, July 15, 1757, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21631, f. 39, which
will be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
®Fort Presque Isle, built by the French in 1753, was located west of the mouth of
Mill Creek, a little east of the foot of Parade Street, Erie, Penna.
‘ Capt. John Field's company, from Byrd’s regiment.
54
Sir
7 June 1758
TRENT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 6, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun June 8*'' 1758
Just now Eleven Cherokees arrived here from Fort Littleton, they say
that they lost one of their Men at the Little French Fort^ at the head of
Venango Creek, and that there was a great many Indians there. And last
Night they say four Cherokees were arrived at Fort Littleton, and that
they had lost Seven of their Men in an Engagement with the Enemy.
I consulted Coll: Stevens- upon his arrival here, and with his advice
I have given Wahatche^ and his Men who had received no Presents here
before some Goods on their promising to Stay, but they soon changed
their Minds and declared they would goe home, they now say that only
Wahatche and ten of his Men will goe to Winchester, and the rest will
stay here, but it is hard to know their real Intentions
I am
Sir
Your most humble Serv*
William Trent
To Coll: Boquet.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap- Trent
^Apparently Fort Le Boeuf. See Trent to Bouquet, June 5.
"Col. Adam Stephen.
^ See Stephen to Bouquet, June 7.
BOSOMWORTH TO BOUQUET
[Fort Loudoun, c. June 8, 1758]
Letter missing, but mentioned by Bouquet in his to Forbes, June 11. The letter con-
tained information regarding the difficulty of keeping the Indians in the service.
CALLENDER TO BOUQUET
[A. P. S., Burd-Shippen Papers, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun June 8^^ 1758
Sir
Before your Letter^ of the 3 Insl reached me I had discharged all the
Waggons e.xcept one which I kept to carry the Bagage of the Working
C. 8 June 1758
55
party on the Road leading from Loudoun to Littleton. I have ordered
all the hydes here and at Littleton to be cut up, as to the Crossing of
Juniata I think there is not the least danger of its being too deep to
Ford, but shall send out a party to view it, the Smith is not yet arrived
here I am
Sir
Your most humb® Serv-
Rob* Callender
P S
The Waggons going with flower to Littleton unload two Casks at Lou-
doun so that they carry but six Casks where I think they might carry the
whole Load & be not an Hour longer on the Road
[Endorsed} Rob^ Callender
1758
[Addressed} On his Majesty’s Se[rvice]
To
Colonel Henry Bouquet
Commanding Officer of all his
Majesty’s Troops
at Shippensburgh
^ Not found, but written in answer to Callender's letter to Bouquet, June 2, which see.
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[Lancaster, c. June 8, 1758]
Letter missing, but written from Lancaster, according to .Armstrong’s letter to Bou-
quet, June 12. The letter gave Bouquet a report of Forbes’ orders regarding the new
levies.
TRENT TO BOUQUET
[Eort Loudoun, c. June 8, 1758]
Letter missing, but is probably the note which Bouquet enclosed in his letter to Forbes,
June 11, and which he mentioned as listing some articles needed by the Indians.
56
Sir
9 June 1758
ALLAN MAC LEAN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 112, L. S.]
Lancaster 9“* June 1758.
Your ffavour of the 7“* Instant^ I Just receive! upon my Arrival, late
last night, from Philadelphia, Containing my Rout, Agreeable to General
Forbes’® orders to me at Parting with him.
The General desires me to let you know That the Artillery will be up
next week. And that there are now upon the Road Tents and Several
other Necessaries for the Provincialls. If Collo-* Armstrong had not mete
me here, I was Orderd to hurry up all the Provincials now here to Car-
lisle, where it was suppos’d then Coll“ Armstrong was. In order he Should
beginn to Make the Drafts for Mounting the Light Horse, & [and]t
also to Draught Some of the Best Men for forming Some Companys of
Rangers, & afterwards to Compleat His own and Coho'* Bird®- Battalhons.
His particular Instructions^ I have Deliverd him from General Forbes.
If I have not the Pleasure of Seeing you at Carlisle, I Shall Acquaint
you from thence, of the General’s orders with regard to what is to be
done at Carlisle.
I have the Pleasure to Acquaint you, that Coho" Montgomrie'* &
Corps are all well at Philadelphia: There first Division to March upon
Wednesday first. There [are]t is a Captain,“ 2 Subalterns & 50 Men
of your Regiment now upon the Road, Escorting Waggons &c
Coho" Montgomery, M"" Glen & other Acquaintances of yours from
South Carolina desired their Complim'® to be offer’d 5mu. I am
Sir
Your most ob*^ hu’*^ Serv*^
Allan MacLean
Coho" Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir Allen M'^Lean 9"^ June
[Addressed] To Collon" Bouquet Commanding His Majestys Forces
upon the Frontiers at Carlisle
[SEAL]
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
"Col. James Burd.
^ Not found. The instructions may have been oral.
* Col. Archibald Montgomery.
® Capt. Thomas Jocelyn. See Forbes to Bouquet, June 10.
9 June 1758
BILLINGS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 110, A. L. S.]
57
Carlisle June 1758
Sir
I arrived here last Night 10 "Clock my Horse tired on the Mountain
which occasioned my being out till that Time. We did not reach Hamil-
tons^ till 6 "Clock yesterday Morning, when we began to inspect the Pork,
about 140 barrells was opened of which we found si.xty fit for Use, and
expecting you waited our Arrival we left the Kings Cooper then with
Directions to Pick out sixty more, which will Load 24 Waggons at 5
each & Proceed with it to Fort Loudoun- where youl find it on Sunday.
M"" Stevenson & Col" Jameson I left at Hamiltons, some of the Waggons
were there waiting to be apprized. I wish Hoops may have satisfaction
of the Persons concernd in this affair. Four hundred Barrells are in Store
at Hamiltons which has been Carted 60 Miles, and Hoops himself dont
expect more than 200 will be pass’d. You are Sensible we could not
Survey this Provission till it was Lodged in the Kings Stores, but by
M"" Woods Consent the 120 Barrells goes on tho’ he tells me not even a
barrell of it would be pass'd at Albany, but I cant help saying its good
Meat. By this Express you have a return^ of what Provissions are in the
Kings Stores at Alexandria,^ [I think ]t Dont you think it [ better ]t
would do to order the Beef to Fort Loudoun. I shall Muster the Two
Companys*^ this afternoon. M'’ Pitcher*' has desired it. Have drawn a
Bill in favt of Blane'^ Sc desired him to pay the Officers their Subsistance.
We March to Morrow. I am with great Esteem
Sir
Y*" Most Obed*^ Hum Serv*
Jn" Billings
\Eyidorsed in Bouquet’s liandzuritmg] Lieut; Billings 9*** June
t Stricken out.
^John Hamilton’s.
^Fort Loudoun, Penna.
“ Not found.
‘‘Alexandria, Va.
® Possibly the two companies of the 60th Regiment, belonging to Captains Ralph
Harding and Francis Lander.
® James Pitcher, muster master, or inspector of the rolls.
Ens. Archibald Blane, commissioned, December, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
58
9 June 1758
BOUQUET TO JOSEPH SHIPPEN
[H. S. P., Shipper! Military Papers, Vol. IX, f. 97, C.]
Shippensburg 9^’’ June 1758
The Companies ordered to reinforce the Garrison at Fort Augusta^ are
to escort the Beeves that are at Harris’s Ferry & intended for that Gar-
rison, in case those Beeves are not all arrived, they are to take along
with them the Number already there, leaving at Harris’s a Party of
one officer one Serjeant & twenty five men to escort up the other Beeves
which are expected; They are likewise to leave an officer & 30 men to
Garrison Fort Hunter.
The Two hundred Tents for the new Levies are expected on Wednes-
day the 14*^ Inst, at Carlisle, so that by Thursday Twelve hundred Men
can be encamped there. None of the Companies must come to Carlisle
before Thursday next, but lay on the Road between Lancaster & Carlisle
as there shall be Cover for them. The Companies actually at Shippens-
burg Harris’s & Taffe’s Ferrys to remain there till further Orders
Kettles & Blankets must be provided for the New Levies before they
can be encamped.
The Men draughted for the Light Horse [mustjt will be [givenjt
divided into two Companies & receive their Horses from Cap*® Armstrong-
& Hambright;® one of those Companies to be sent up towards Rays
Town as soon as compleatly fitted out the other to stay at Carlisle.
The Best of the Arms left at Carlisle by the second Battalion of Penns'*
Regiment, are to be chosen out for the Use of the new Levies, as well
as those Arms to be returned by the first Battalion.
Major Shippen is to enquire of Colonel Burd how many Men he has
left in the Forts that are fit for Service.
[Endorsed] Colonel Bouquets Instructions to me at Shippensburg 9***
June 1758
t Stricken out.
*Fort Augusta, Penna.
^Probably Capt. William Armstrong. See Forbes’ Memoranda, June 1.
® Capt. John Hambright.
59
9 June 1758
HOOPS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 116, L. S.]
Carlisle 9-'' June 1758
Honoured Sir,
Before I Left John Hamiltons there was Come, of the waggons Which
was Contracted for 17; & about 28 or 30 in all was Expected, 24 of
which I Ordered to be Loaded with pork, & the Remainder w^*^ Forrage.
I Believe about 200 Barrels of the Pork will Turn Out good.
Inclosed is a Letter^ from my Nephew^ from Fort Loudon Who has
always Behaved himself without Giving offence to Any Gentleman. I
Cannot Tell what Could Induce Coll® Stephens[on]t to put him into the
Guard House. I hope you will Enquire into that Matter, I Make no
Doubt but I may be Sometimes Deficient in my Duty which I Cannot
help as the Troops are so [. . .] Scattered and So Much to Do. I Begg
you may give Such Orders in Respect of Provisions as you may think
Proper and my people Shall have orders to Observe them Strictly. But
that Method which Coll® Stephens [ on ]t has Introduc'? I am Resolved
not to put up with. Mt Ourry Spoke to me to purchase 4 Waggon horses
for you. But I am affraid I can not Get Any in this Place that is Good
for anything. There is no Waggons as yet Come from Lancaster I Shall
Send off there to morrow to hasten them
I am with Greatest Respect & Esteem
Honoured Sir
Your most Obed‘ hum Serv^
Ad“ Hoops
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ AT Hoops 9'*^ June
[Addressed} Express On his Majesties Service To The Honourable
Collonel Henry Bouquet Esqt Commander of his hlajestys
Forces in the Southern District at Cannecochieg'^
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
^ Not identified.
Conococheague.
60
9 June 1758
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 17, A. L. S.]
Winchester June 9-** 1758
Dear Sir
In my Letter^ to you of the 7*^ from Conegoge I promised to write
to you a long and exact account of my Situation, and that in which I
apprehend you are at present: so that if I am wrong you have time to
set me to rights.
I suppose that you marched as [yesterjt this day
The 9**‘ at Shippensbourg
d'he 10*'‘ at Fort Loudoun
The 1U’‘ the whole to Lyttleton
The 12 Stay there & reconoitre & c“
The 13 The first Crossing of Juniata
The 14*’' Work to be done
The 15”' The Roads towards Reas Town to be cleared.
My Situation at Winchester is this. I have Nine Companys of Col-
Byrds Reg^“ at this place, their Compliment to compleat them not yet
arrived. The three Comp7® of Washingtons are not yet arrived from
Augusta^ & the other Two are on the South Branch of Pattomack.
I have received 400 Arms from Maryland from Gov'" Sharpe, and
shall in a day or two [more]t hence get 100 More, which with 200
Arms I have repaired out of the Stores here will compleat the 2^ Reg-
for 8 Companys as to Arms. But Blanketts is what I am the most in
want of so that untill I get them I cannot move one Company.
Col’ Washington is arrived from Williamsbourg, and M'' Pres* Blair
has been graciously pleased to grant every thing I demanded excepting
leaving a Carefull Officer at Fort Loudoun to take care of their Valuable
Stores, lest they should not be embezeld I shall move them upwards.
The Officers have got Forage, Batt,* & Bagage Money; and on the Pres*®
reflecting what he had done about Arms, be had ail those in the Govt®
house pack’d up and put on board of a Vessell, which saild from York®
for Fredericksbourg® the 2'? Ins* and some quantity of Blanketts comes
up with them. So that I may expect them at this place on Sunday or
Munday next. In the mean time I have sent an Express to wait at
fredericksbourg [to waitjt for their Arrival, that I may have a day or
two to provide Waggons for Col’ Washingtons March & Col’ Byrds with
10 Companys to near fort Cumberland. I find that the Virgians are
disatisfied with the Whole Army taking the route of Pensylvania, And
as Cob Washington has taken it upon him to march by fort Cumberland
Col’ Bouquet
t Stricken our.
61
9 June 1758
he shall be ordered go that way, So that Lieu* Col’ Mercer' shall join
you after the Ten Companys w* y^ Indians are set off for fort Cumber-
land. I shall provide them w’‘ Flower so that if during the time they
are cutting the Reas Town Road they want provisions, some live Cattle
may be sent them from you. I cannot as yet determine whether I am
to send the Amunition at fort Loudoun® by fort Cumberland or thro
Pensylvania but I think the latter; And if you want the Waggons for
that Service, or those who carry the Provisions to fort Cumberland, &
from thence Amunition to Rays Town, you may detain them, for further
Service.
I shall have 40 Men for our Troop of 40 light horse in a day or two,
and Sunday every thing compleat but Sadies and Bridles, they shall go
by fort Loudoun in Pensylvania.
We are greatly obliged to Gov* Sharpe for doing every thing he can
for the good of the Service. The Garrison of Fort Frederick march on
Wednesday next to fort Cumberland; but they shall have no Communi-
cation with any body, least the Small pox Spreads. I am told it is at
fort Cumberland. When I get Blanketts all my difficultys will be sur-
mounted /as I expect Tents & Kettles from Philadelphia by M* Walker/®
excepting in what manner I am to support fort Cumberland: I have
got a Quantity of Salt at this place & I am thinking of driving Cattle
from Maryland for its support, I have asked the people of the light horse
if that is a discredit to them, they say not.
An Express has been sent to know the reason of Major Lewis not
joining and to hasten him up. he had not moved from Augusta C- House
on friday last, the two Companys of Washingtons on the South branch
join on their March.
You may depend on it, that I shall not loose one Mom^ in accelerating
the Service. I send you this by John Walker^® who is the best Woods
man I ever knew, he will be usefull in reconoitering the road to be cut
on the other Side of the Mountain, but do not attempt it too far to
the Right.
The moment I hear of my Blanketts being on the Road from Fredericks-
bourg I shall send you an Express that you may know when to expect
the Troops at Cumberland.
Capt? Bosomworth is trying to get 20 Cherokees to go with him to
Pensylvania & by that means to get the rest that are there to join him,
but I do not think he will be able to do either the one or the other. Col’
Byrd has got 20 to join him but they decline going to Pensylvania
62
9 June 1758
they will join at Rays Town. The Garrison of fort Cumberland has
only provisions till the Ins* it will distress you much to victual that
Garrison from Rays Town. So that I am under an absolute necessity
of driving Cattle out of Maryland for their Support.
As you have Horses laid all along the road I beg you will send this
Letter to Gen' fforbes with the Inclosed papers^'^ relating to the Mary-
land forces. I have no body to copy for me, and I have enough to do
besides writing Duplicates. Cap^“ ALNeil'- is this moment come from
xLugusta so that the 3 Companys will be here to morrow morning. Send
me Tents &: kittles, I shall not want Arms so have ordered this Express
to send the Arms back to you. I am with great Regard
Dear Sir
Your most obedient and most humble Ser-
John S^ Clair.
pS. You may expect good Service from the 5 Comp?® of Washingtons
& the Comp^''^ of Carpenters you have w'' you.
Je crains que vous auray bien de la paine a trouver une Chemin du
Montagne au grand passage de Yougheogany Le Guide Walker ne partira
que demain ayant perdu son Cheval, je vous envoye celle ci par expres^'*
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S^ Clair 9^*^ June 1758
^ St. Clair to Bouquet, June 7, which see.
- Second Virginia Regiment, under Col. William Byrd.
^ Known as Augusta Court House.
* Bat-money, an allowance for transportation of baggage.
® Yorktown, at the mouth of York River, Va.
® Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Va.
Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
®Fort Loudoun, at Winchester, Va.
“ Probably Capt. Richard Walker. He received orders, June 5, to march his company
immediately from Philadelphia to Lancaster.
“John Walker served Bouquet as guide and scout. See Bouquet to Washington,
July 8.
“ Not found.
“ Capt. John McNeill.
“Capt. John Field’s company.
“ “I am afraid you will have much trouble in finding a mountain pass to the great
crossing of the Youghiogheny. The guide Walker will not leave until tomorrow, as
he has lost his horse. I send you this by express.”
63
9 June 1738
SHIPPEN TO BOUQUET
[B, M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 114, A. L. S.]
Lancaster June 9. 1758.
Sir
On the 4“ Instant I was favoured with your second Letter’^ dated the
3** Ibid, and I am sorry to find Such a backwardness in the People to
come with their waggons to carry Provisions only from Carlisle to Rays
Town, while at the Same time, a considerable number of Earmers have
entered into Contract to go with their Waggons all the way to the Ohio.
And as to the eighteen which were wanting to make up the Sixty promised
to you, three of them had been sent off before your Letter came to hand;
and last Monday twenty three of our Waggons went off with goods
which came [in]t here on Sunday night in twenty waggons pressed- at
Philadelphia, which latter were discharged here according to His Honour
the Governor’s promise, and of these three and twenty, 15 were designed
by me to make up your own Compliment; And M"" Price^ wrote Letters
to Carlisle conformable to this, tho’ I imagine Some of these fifteen had
not taken forage enough to serve their horses ten days after their de-
parture from Carlisle, but I Suppose Such defect can be Supplied there.
I am promised by one of our Justices ten or a dozen waggons to day
properly equipt for your present purpose, and if they come I suppose
you will have occasion for them. I have written to the Magistrates who
live in the thickest part of the County pressing it earnestly upon them
to See that plenty of waggons are brought to this Borough on the 15.
16. & 17-^ Instant according to your orders; and I have also sent them
very urgent Letters of my procurement^ from His Hon'' the Govt to get
their Waggons ready immediately, So that I hope we Shall give no
delay to this His Ma*'®® service. Indeed I am equally astonished with
You, (and very much ashamed) to think that every body does not
Study their own Interest more on So important an affair, as the fate
of America seems to depend much upon the Success of these present
Campaigns. Your favourable opinion of my care for the Service gives
me pleasure, and I am sorry it is not in my Power to do any thing more
worth your kind thanks; but if I Should be So happy to see I have been
of any real use in this regard, tho’ ever So Small, the Satisfaction resulting
from such a view will be ample reward for my trouble. My son Jo’s’
Stay here was very Short, and my own time So taken up with business,
that I could not sit down to write this Letter before he went away.
Sir Allen M^’Clain® came from Philadelphia last night, and tells us
that Col Montgomery will set off from thence with his Battalion to day.
t Stricken out.
64
10 June 1758
Give me leave to Subscribe my Self
Sir
your esteemed Friend & Most obedient Humble servant
EdW;’ Shippen
Col. Bouquet
[Endorsed^ M?’ Shippen 9-^ June”
[Ejidorsed] M'' Shippen 9**“ June^
^ Neither letter found.
"A compulsory enlistment or service. Term now obsolete.
“ Capt. Thomas Price, appointed wagon master general. The appointment was con-
firmed by Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, May 22, 1758, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 10,
which will be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
*A Warrant for impressment of wagons was issued by Gov. Denny, May 31, 1758, and
is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21654, f. 1.
Major Joseph Shippen.
® Sir Allan AJacLean.
’ Both endorsements are in Bouquet’s handwriting.
Sir.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. AJSS. 21640, f. 59, A. L. S.]*
[ Philadelphia, June 10, 1758]
I had the favour of yours of the 7**^^ this morning, and find that wee
have all enough to do in our different departments. I assure you for my
own part no Serjeant or Quarter M'' of a Regiment is oblidged to look
into the small detail more than I am, and find that if I did not see the
execution of things myself, we should never gett out of this town.
I have sent off Forty Waggon load of Artillery stores and ammunition
yesterday and this day & Cap* Jocelyn and fifty men escortes them
directly to Carlisle.
Forty more Waggon load shall follow upon Monday or Teusday with
a like detachment and I hope on Wednesday to send of the Artillery
and the rest of the Stores with the remainder of your two Companys.
And Col® Montgomerys batt" shall march upon thursday and fryday.
I can not make more dispatch and perhaps wdl not be able to make so
much.
I have been very ill used with regard to Waggons in this Country,
and scarcely believe those Contracted for will be able to go further than
Carlisle so I am glad to think wee have a Chance of changing them for
better at Carlisle.
65
10 June 1758
I should be sorry to disoblidge Hoops, and have again and again
spoke to M?' Howell about the Pork, and settling the rations, in place of
the butter and pease. In which he promised to do everything I desired
and that was reasonable. So I shall make him dispose of all that pork
some other way for our men must not be poisoned. But if the flower or
meal that is delivered is fresh and wholesome, I think wee may be doing
untill the Contractors can provide better.
I think M*' Walker” a proper person to be employed about the Waggons,
but I think him more fitt to be employed by Hoops to assist him, and
Serj- Morton^ could inspect the Waggons, but this may be easily settled
afterwards and some person ought to take the Direction in the mean-
time I hope you have given very strict orders to all sutlers^ with regard
to their retailing of Spirits.
I shall endeavour to persuade some workmen to follow the Army, as
I see that they will be needfull, and shall take some measure with regard
to the stray horses. But the deserters and the French Canaille"' I leave
to you to do as you think proper.
The Cherokees are most certainly a very great plague, and I have done
every thing to hasten up the troops 6:c. to please them, but I am sorry
to find you are of opinion that nothing will keep them. I wish Trents
method® had been tryed at first and a real bargain made with them.
I am glad you have mett with Govt Sharp and S*'' Jn" and no doubt
will have agreed to keep the Garrisons of Fort Cumberland & F Frederick
in our pay for the rest of the Campaign, As I shall engage for their pay
from the beginning of May forward to the end of the Campaign.
I wish S'*' John was come back to Carlisle where I am sending every
thing, and all the firelocks goes away on Monday, for the whole pro-
vincialls except 82 which is nothing.
The bell tents’^ will be ready Wednesday next and wee have above
400 Barrells of powder and near 40,000 flints which is surely enough.
I have gott Govt Glen to write** to the Cherokees as he had Certainly
great knowledge of them, and will go up to endeavour to keep them so
you may tell them this.
Pray make all your Garrisons and Camps keep a strict look out,
because there is a report that the Senecas® and Shawanese^® are Comming
down.
I hope to sett out next week but am plagued w*^ Cholicks. I am S*''
with sincere regard
Y'' most ob* bum*'^ Serv*
Jo Forbes
66
10 June 1758
our Store Ship is not come but dayly expected I rec*^ the enclosed^^ this
morning
Philad; June lO*’^
Col: Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] from Gen? Forbes 10?*^ June
answered the 16*‘‘ without Copy
{Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Command” His Forces at Carlisle
If not there to be sent by express to him
J: Forbes
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 111-113.
See Bouquet to Forbes, June 7.
“Probably Dr. Thomas Walker. See Forbes to Bouquet, June 2.
“ Sergeant George Morton.
■* Those who follow the army to sell provisions, liquors, etc. Term now obsolete.
"“Rabble.”
^ See Trent to Bouquet, June 5.
’ A tent of circular ground plan and central pole, with sides sometimes extended by
hoops.
® Letter not found.
“The Senecas were the westernmost tribe of the Six Nations, whose influence extended
to Lake Erie, and southward into Pennsylvania where they established villages along
the upper Allegheny.
“The Shawnees were an important Algonkian tribe, some of whom also lived in Ten-
nessee and South Carolina. A series of migrations brought groups of this tribe into
the Susquehanna and Ohio valleys in Pennsylvania.
“ Not found.
HOOPS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 119, L. S.]
Sir
[Carlisle, June 10, 1758]
Yesterday 27 Waggons loaded with 115 Barrells of Pork & some Flour
were sent off from York County, as there was no bags ready to put the
Oats in was obliged to [putjt load the Waggons with Flour, about thirty
more Waggons will be ready [withjt to set out against Tuesday or
Wednesday next from the same place. I hear nothing at all of the Lan-
caster or Redding^ Waggons, which obliges me (to hasten them up) to
set out for Lancaster To Morrow morning you may be asured I shall
use all means & Industry in my Power to expedite the Service. I have
sent one Waggon Load Rice & Butter to Fort Loudon for the use of the
Sick, and another Waggon load of Pork to Shippensburg, which will
carry thence Rice to Fort Littleton The Bearer Daniel Clark^ goes to
t Stricken out.
11 June 1758 67
Attend you in the Victuall" way. he is my son in Law & Partner & I hope
will please Amu.
I am with due respect
Your most Humble &: most Obed^ Serv^
Ad^ Hoops
Carlisle June 10‘'* 1758.
[Notes on back^^ flour
8'*^ Beef 5 Pork
. . . ] Rice
for flour J
Et 14 Rice I
[Endorsed] AP Hoops 10^*^ June
[Addressed] To the Hon*?^® Henry Bouquet Esq*' Co? Commanding his
Majesty's Troops Westward.
^ Reading, Penna.
"Daniel Clark remained with the commissary department during Forbes’ campaign, as
agent for contractors.
8^*^ flour
7?^ Beef or P'’ Pork
1 14 Rice
P'’ Beef or Pork
BOUQUET TO EORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 36, A. L, S.]
Fort Loudoun 11? Juin 1758
Monsieur
Au moment que je partois de Carlisle le 8? Cour? Je receus votre
derniere du 6?
Quelques heures auparavant les armes pour les deux Battalhons de
Pensylvanie, avec leurs accoutremens etoient arrives, j’equipay celuy
de Burd et le fis marcher tout de Suite.
269 Musquets partirent aussi pour Winchester avec les Cantines,
Marmites, et 200 Tomahawks remis a AP Walker.
Par un quiproquo les 200 Tentes qui devoient aller a Carlisle prirent
depuis Lancaster la route de Winchester par York, ainsi les Virginiens
ont actuellement receu 14 Tentes au dela des 300 qui leur etoient destinees,
et je n’ay pu remplacer celles que manquent aux Batt. D’Armstrong &
Burd. II faudra attendre les 200 dernieres qui doivent etre en Chemin;
J’ay laisse au CapP® Gordon les directions necessaires pour recevoir et
distribuer ce que vous envoAms, conformem^ a Ams ordres.
General Forbes.
68
11 June 1758
Mess?® le Comissionaires ont envoye les Chevaux, les Armes, &c^
Sans aucune Liste, ou ordre a personne de les recevoir, il y aura par
consequent beaucoup de Confusion dans cela, comme dans tout le reste.
L’arnvee des Highlanders est une bonne nouvelle, S’ils ne Sont pas
partis encore, je crois que Sans retarder le Service, vous pourries les
laisser reposer au moins 8 a 10 Jours: Vous ne verres que trop combien
nous Sommes eloignes d’etre prets; On ne pent faire aucune disposition,
ni fixer jour avec de pareilles Troupes, II n’est presque pas possible de
les remuer; Les nouvelles Levees vous donneront mille Embarras; II leur
faut des Blankets, des Habits Sans fin: Leurs officiers n’ont aucune
Notion de Service, et on ne pent compter Sur I’Execution d’aucun ordre.
Le Seul moyen d’en esperer quelque chose, est celuy que vous aves
pris de les rassembler tous a Carlisle, des que vous aures des Tentes &
Blankets, car il n’y a pas de quoy loger 200 homes.
J’ay vu a Shippensburg le major de Brigade Shippen a qui j’ay donne
par Ecrit routes les directions qui m’ont paru necessaires pour disposer
les nouvelles Compagnies Sur la Route
Je quittai Carlisle des que j’eus receu les Armes, et utencilles, pour ne
pas manquer de me trouver a Conegogee avec Sir John mais je recues a
Shippensburg une Lettre qui m’aprit qu’il etoit retourne a Winchester.
Toute la diligence qu’il pourra faire, ne Sera pas aussi utile au Service,
qu’il I’auroit ete de concerter nos mesures de Bouche, car par Lettres nous
ne pouvons pas nous entendre; Je I’ay prie de revenir a Conegogee le 12®
ou je I’iray joindre, pour fixer tous les mouvemens des Troupes, & leurs
approvisionemens.
Je Suis alle hier a Littleton pour examiner les Chemins, et faire recon-
noitre la Juniata, J’ay bien des Choses a vous mander la dessus mais je
me bornerai aux plus necessaires.
Vous n’etes pas a vous apergevoir que I’on ne pent compter Sur Per-
sonne dans ce Pays ?y. Les Interets particuliers I’emportent en toute
occasion Sur le Bien general; On nous a trompes, Mon Cher General, Sur
la Route que je prens, Elle est presque impraticable de Loudoun a
Littleton; De tous les Chemins ou il est possible qu’un Chariot passe,
celui qy est le plus mauvais et on ne pent le raccomoder; C’est du Roc
partie Solide, parties cailloux detaches et tranchants. Les Pluyes ont
emporte toute la Terre, et il n’y en a point aux Environs pour les recouvrir,
pas meme du Bois pour faire des fascines. Nos Chariots S’y brisent, les
Chevaux Se deferrent. C’est une abomination.
J’ay consulte tous les habitans qui connoissent ces montagnes pour
decouvrir quelqu’autre Route. Ils m’en ont indique trols, mais le terns
ne permet pas d’entreprendre une telle besogne.
69
11 June 1758
II est malheureux que pour faire passer ce Chemin par Carlisle et Ship-
pensburg, on nous fasse faire un detour de 20 milles, et que des 4 Routes
que Ton pouvoit prendre, il ayent choisi la plus mauvaise.
En passant la Susquehanna a Fort Hunter on tombe dans Shermans
Walley qui en passant une Seule montagne conduit droit a Littleton, et
abrege la route de 20 nulles.
Une autre Route pouvoit etre ouverte par les Coves, et evitant Fort
Littleton, et tout ce Chemin d’Enfer, alloit tomber au Pied de Seydeling
Hill a 9 milles de Fort Littleton.
Enfin par une autre Route que j’ay reconnu aujourdhuy on a 14 miles du
plus beau Chemin du Monde, jusqu'au Pied de la Tuscarora, une Mon-
tagne tres escarpee, mais que j’ay traverses a Cheval, et ou avec beaucoup
de travail on auroit pu faire un Chemin pour les Chariots. II n’y a qu'un
mille et demie de mauvais. Tout le reste est uny. J’ay ordonne cette
Route pour les Troupes, et j’envoye demam des connoisseurs examiner
dans combien de terns, il Seroit possible d’ouvrir ce Chemin pour les
Chariots, S’il est praticable de I’entreprendre, on pourroit y faire
travailler les nouvelles Levees pour une Semaine, pendant que nous irons
a Reas Town. Je vous en rendrai Compte.
Le Chemin depuis Littleton a Seydeling Hill est bon Mais la Juniata
[est]t a encore 414 Pieds d’Eau. Elle baisse et nous pourrons la gueer
dans peu de Jours, il y faudra par precaution construire un Pont, et des
Flats pour ne pas etre expose a etre coupes, dans les crues subites, Les
Flatts Se construiront a Reas Town, et Serviront au Cas que le Pont fut
emporte.
Plus je m’eloigne des habitations, et plus je vois que cette Expedition
que I’on croit Si facile, est remplle de difhcultes presque insurmontables:
faute de Magazms formes a I’avance, nous mangerons journellement
presqu’autant de Provisions qu’on en pourra transporter avec de tels
Chemi ns.
Obliges d’ouvrir routes les Routes, nous Serons obliges de marcher
comme des Tortues, tres lentement, et portant tout Sur notre dos: On
me dit que I’armee de Braddock fut 3 Jours Sans trouver d’herbe pour
les Chevaux, ce qui les mit hors d’Etat de lui porter des Vivres et il
auroit risque de mourir de faim, S’il avoir battu les Ennemis.
Il n’y a aucun Compte a faire Sur les Raports des gens qui pretendent
connoitre le Pays, apres que Ton a passe Reas Town; Tons ceux que j'ay
examine Se contredisent, Et nous N'en Scaurons le vray qu'en le re-
connoissant nous memes.
t Stricken out.
70
11 June 1758
Apres avoir allegue routes ces obstacles, que je Souhaitte qui Soient
Sans fondement, Permettes moy de vous Soumettre mes Idees Sur les
moyens de les Surmonter.
1” Je crois que jusqu'a ce que j’aye pris Poste a Reas Town II Serolt
prudent de ne pas engager routes les Troupes dans cette Route, mais les
tenir a Carlisle, ou Shippensburg a portee de prendre par Fort Cumber-
land, Si Ton trouve par Experience que ce Soit la meilleure.
2” Pour les vivres je crois qu'il faudra employer un tres grand nombre
de Chariots a la fois des que nous Serons etablis a Reas Town, pour y
former dans peu de terns des Magazins pour toute la Campagne.
Et je proposerois dy faire passer par le Cbemin que nous ouvrirons
depuis le Eort Cumberland, des Boeufs, et des farines transportee par des
Chariots pris en Virginie.
S'* De faire autant de foin que Ton pourroit a Reas Town pour donner
a chaque Chariot au moins 3 Jours de fourage pour traverser le Laurel
Hill.
4” Comme nous n’avons plus d’espoir de conserver les Indiens, ne point
Se presser d’aller en avant et laisser aux Ennemis le terns de consumer
leurs Presens et leurs Vivres, cequi leur feroit perdre leurs Indiens,
d’autant plus Surement qu’ils Seront portes a croire que nous n’entendons
quVi fame une diversion, et marcher au commencem* de 7bre avec des
Troupes un peu formees, et en bon ordre ayant en tout le terns de re-
connoitre le Pays.
Vous me pardonneres de vous presenter des Idees Si peu digerees; J’ay
pense qu’avant de quitter Philad^ II convenoit de vous instruire des
obstacles que je rencontre et de ceux que je prevois; apres que j’auray vu
Sir John, je pourrai entrer dans plus de details.
Nous Sommes enfin Sur le point de perdre tons nos Indiens, comme
vous verres par la Lettre de Bosomworth; J’ay trouve icy les 6 Comp?®
de Washington, avec 3 Cherokees, et 25 Catawbas, cette derniere Nation
ne nous quittera pas.
II n’y a des vivres a Cumberland que jusques au 21? Cour^ Je prendrai
Sur moy d’y en faire envoyer par Sir John de la Virginie, n’etant pas
possible d’y en faire passer par Reas Town, Sans doubler la depense, et la
perte du Terns:
Les dernieres Intelligences que j’ay receu Sont que de 7 Cherakees qui
etoient restes pres de Port Duquesne pour faire un Prisonier 4. ont ete
tues.
Les Frangois avec un grand nombre d’Indiens construisent un fort a
Chingaulamouse Sur la Susquehanna 140 miles N. W. de Fort Augusta:
nouvelle Raison de renforcer ce Poste, et d’y placer pour Comandant un
11 June 1758
71
homme Sur; II y a 3 Soldats fran^ois dans cette Place, J'ay donne ordre
qu’on les fit arreter & conduire surem^ a Philad^ Quand les Eaux Sent
hautes, on pent descendre en Canots a raison de 60, & 100 mdes par Jour.
Les Chevaux legers manquent de bien des Choses necessaires comme de
Licols /que j’ay ordonne a Carlisle/ d’Etrilles, de sonettes d’entraves,
/Hobbles/ et Surtout d'un Marecbal dans ebaque [Comjt Troupe, avec
des outils, et une grande Provision de fers, et de Clous; Les Cavaliers
devroient avoir des botines de cuir.
Je n’ay encore aucune nouvelle des Chevaux pour la Poste, Les Stages
devroient etre depuis Lancaster a Harris’s, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Lou-
doun, Littleton, Reas Town. Je Souhaitterois d’avoir vos ordres Sur la
Paye des Couriers.
Outre ces Chevaux, on ne pent Se passer a I’armee de Six autres au
moins avec 3 Couriers pour Express et pour envoyer dans les Traverses,
en Virginie Ces Chevaux devroient etre achetes.
Et S’il en est terns encore je crois qu’il conviendroit d’acheter tons les
Chevaux pour I’artillerie et le train, choisissant dans I’armee des braves
gens pour les conduire et les Soigner, Sans quoy ils S’enfuiront dans le
danger et I’on risque de perdre le Canon.
Je n’ay ordonne que 10 Hogsheads de Whisky, II en faudra, pour
I’Expedition environ 50, Et autant de Rum II doit etre mis dans des
Quarter Casks, pour la facilite du Transport dans les montagnes.
J’inclus une notte de Trent, de ce qui manque pour les Indiens au
Cas que cela n’aye pas encore ete pourveu.
II ne m’est pas possible de vous envoyer les Returns des Troupes qui
Sont i(;y, parce que je n’en ay jamais encore pu avoir; II faudra passer
Sur bien des Choses, jusqu’a ce que nous Soyons etablis a Reas Town.
Je pars demain au point du Jour pour Conegogee et Serai de retour
le 13, ou le 14^ En attendant toutes les Troupes Sont occupees a reparer
les Chemins.
Des qu’il Sera possible de faire passer notre Convoy Je ne perdrai pas
un moment.
Je Suis avec un entier devouement
Monsieur
Votre tres Humble et tres obeiss* serveiteur
Henry Bouquet
P; S; Je prie le Major Halkett de m’aporter du Papier & des Plumes;
ma Provision est deja epuisee.
{Endorsed] Col: Bouquet Port Loudoun June 11**'
t Stricken out.
72
11 June 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Fort Loudoun, June 11, 1758.
Sir,
Just as I was leaving Carlisle on the 8th of this month, I received your
last letter of the 6th. ^
Some hours before, the arms for the two Pennsylvania battalions, with
their equipment, had arrived. I fitted out Burd’s and had him march
immediately.
269 muskets also went to Winchester, with canteens, kettles, and 200
tomahawks consigned to Mr. Walker.-
By mistake, the 200 tents which were to go to Carlisle took the Win-
chester road through York from Lancaster. So the Virginians actually
received 14 tents more than the 300 intended for them, and I could not
replace those needed by Armstrong and Burd’s battalions. We must wait
for the last 200 which should be on the way. I have left Captain Gordon
the necessary directions to receive and distribute what you send, accord-
ing to your orders.
The commissioners have sent horses, arms, etc., without a list or order
to anyone to receive them. Consequently, there will be much confusion
about that, as about everything else.
The arrival of the Highlanders is good news. If they have not left yet,
I think that, without delaying the service, you might let them rest at
least 8 or 10 days. You cannot help seeing how far we are from being
ready. No plans can be made, nor any day set with such troops. It is
almost impossible to move them. The new recruits will make you a thou-
sand troubles; they need blankets, clothing, and so on — endlessly. Their
officers haven’t an idea of the service, and one cannot depend on them to
carry out an order.
The only way to expect anything of them is the one you have taken,
having them all gather at Carlisle when you have tents and blankets,
for there is no way to shelter 200 men.
At Shippensburg I saw Brigade Major Shippen,^ to whom I gave in
writing all the directions which seemed necessary to arrange the new com-
panies on the road, etc.
I left Carlisle as soon as I received the arms and equipment, that I
might not fall to be at Conegogee with Sir John, but at Shippensburg I
received a letter^ which informed me that he had returned to Winchester.
All the haste he might make will not be as useful to the service as an
oral discussion of our plans would have been, for by letter we cannot
make ourselves understood. I have asked him to return to Conegogee on
73
11 June 1758
the 12th, when I shall go to meet him, to settle all the movements of the
troops, and the means of provisioning them.
I went to Littleton yesterday to examine the roads, and have the
Juniata reconnoitered. I have many things to tell you about this, but
I shall confine myself to the most essential.
You are not to overlook the fact that no one in this country can be
relied on. At all times, private interests outweigh the general welfare. We
were deceived, my dear general, about the road® I am taking. It is almost
impassable from Loudoun to Littleton. Of all the roads where it is pos-
sible for a wagon to go, this is the worst, and it cannot be repaired. It is
of rock, partly solid, partly loose and sharp stones. The rains have car-
ried away all the earth, and there is none in the vicinity to cover them
again, not even wood for making fascines. Our wagons are breaking down;
our horses are losing their shoes. It is a w'retched state of affairs.
I have consulted all the settlers knowing these mountains to discover
some other route. They have pointed out three, but time does not permit
undertaking such a job.
It is unfortunate that to make this road go through Carlisle and Ship-
pensburg, they made us make a detour of 20 miles; and that, of the 4
routes which could be taken, they have chosen the worst.
Crossing the Susquehanna at Fort Hunter,® one reaches Sherman’s
Valley" which leads straight to Littleton across a single mountain, and
shortens the route by 20 miles.
Another route could be opened through the Coves,® and avoiding Fort
Littleton and all this hellish road, it w'ould reach the foot of Seydeling
Hill,® 9 miles from Fort Littleton.
Finally, by another route which I reconnoitered today, there are 14
miles of the finest road in the world as far as the foot of Tuscarora,^® a
very steep mountain, but which I crossed on horseback, and where wfith
much work a wagon road could have been made. There is only a mile
and a half of bad country. All the rest is level. I have ordered this
route for the troops, and tomorrow I am sending scouts to find out how
soon it would be possible to open this road for wagons. If it is practicable
to undertake it, the new recruits could be made to work on it for a week,
while we are going to Reas Town. I shall give 3mu an account of it.
The road from Littleton to SejHehng Hill is good, but the Juniata still
has 4/4 feet of water. It is going down, and we can ford it in a few daj-s.
As a precaution, it will be necessary- to build a bridge, so as not to be in
danger of being cut off by sudden floods. The flatboats will be built at
Reas Town, and will serve in case the bridge is carried awa3^
The farther I go awa\" from the settlements, the more I see that this
expedition, which is believed so eas\u is full of almost insurmountable diffi-
74
11 June 1758
culties. For want of stores prepared in advance, we shall consume daily
almost as much provisions as can be transported over such roads.
If obliged to open all the roads, we shall be obliged to march like
tortoises, very slowly, and carrying everything on our backs. I am told
that Braddock’s army went 3 days without finding grass for the horses,
which made them unfit to carry provisions; and he would have been likely
to die of hunger, if he had beaten the enemy.
No reliance can be made in the reports of the people who claim to know
the country, after passing Reas Town. All whom I have questioned con-
tradict each other, and we shall only learn the truth about it by exploring
the country ourselves.
After mentioning all these obstacles, which will — I hope — be without
foundation, permit me to submit my ideas on the ways to overcome them.
1. I think that until I have taken post at Reas Town, it would be wise
not to put all the troops on that road, but to hold them at Carlisle or
Shippensburg within reach of Fort Cumberland, if it should be found by
experience that this is better.
2. As for provisions, I think a very great number of wagons must be used
at once as soon as we are established at Reas Town, in order to prepare
stores there for the whole campaign in a short time.
And I would suggest that cattle and the flour transported by the wagons
obtained in Virginia be sent by the road which we shall open from Fort
Cumberland.
3. Making as much hay as possible at Reas Town, in order to give each
wagon at least 3 days’ forage for crossing Laurel Hill.^^
4. As we can no longer hope to keep the Indians, not to hurry our
advance, but allow the enemy time to use up their presents and their
provisions, which would make them lose their Indians, and much more cer-
tainly because they will be led to believe that we only intend to make a
diversion; marching at the beginning of September with our troops some-
what trained and in good order, and having had time to reconnoiter the
country.
You will pardon me for offering ideas so poorly digested. I thought that
before leaving Philadelphia it would be well for you to be informed about
the obstacles I am encountering, and those I anticipate. After I have seen
Sir John, I can go into more detail.
We are finally at the point of losing all our Indians, as you will see by
Bosomworth’s letter.^^ I found Washington’s 6 companies here, with 3
Cherokees and 25 Catawbas. This last tribe will not leave us.
The provisions at Cumberland will last only to the 21st of this month.
I shall take it on myself to have some sent through Sir John from Vir-
11 June 1758 75
ginia, as it is impossible to send it by way of Reas Town without doubling
the expense and the time lost.
The latest information I have received is that of the 7 Cherokees who
had stayed near Fort Duquesne to take a prisoner, 4 have been killed.
The French with a great number of Indians are building a fort at
Chingaulamouse^® on the Susquehanna, 140 miles northwest of Fort Au-
gusta— a new reason for reinforcing that post and placing a trustworthy
man in command there. There are 3 French soldiers in that place; I have
given orders that they be arrested and safely conducted to Philadelphia.
When the water is high, they can descend in canoes at the rate of 60 to
100 miles a day.
The Light Horse lack many necessary things, such as halters (wdiich
I have ordered at Carlisle), curry-combs, bells, horse-locks (hobbles),
and especially a blacksmith in each troop, with tools, and a large supply
of shoes and nails. The cavalrymen should have leather boots.
I still have no news of the horses for the post. The stages should be
from Lancaster to Harris’s, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Loudoun, Littleton,
Reas Town. I should like to have your orders about the pay for the
couriers.
Besides these horses, the army cannot do without at least six others,
with 3 couriers for dispatch-riding and to send on side-trips to Virginia,
etc. These horses ought to be purchased.
And if there is still time, I think it would be wise to buy all the horses
for the artillery and train, choosing good men in the army to drive and
care for them. Otherwise, they will run off in time of danger, and we would
risk losing the cannon.
I have ordered only 10 hogsheads of whiskey. About 50 will be needed
for the expedition, and as much rum. It should be put in quarter casks,
to facilitate transport in the mountains.
I enclose a note^^ from Trent about what the Indians need, in case it
has not been already provided.
It is impossible for me to send you the returns of the troops which are
here, as I have not been able to get them yet. Many things must be over-
looked until we are established at Reas Town.
I am leaving tomorrow for Conegogee, and will be returning on the 13 th
or 14th. Meanwhile, all the troops are busy repairing the roads.
As soon as it is possible to send our convoys forward, I shall not lose
one moment.
I am, with complete devotion.
Sir,
76
11 June 1758
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
P. S. I beg Major Halkett^® to bring me some paper and pens. My sup-
ply is already exhausted.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, June 6.
^ Dr. Thomas Walker.
® Major Joseph Shippen. See Bouquet’s Orders to Shippen, June 9.
^ St. Clair to Bouquet, June 6, which see.
'“The old Pennsylvania traders’ route from Hams’ Ferry, via Carlisle, Shippensburg,
Loudoun, Littleton, Juniata, to Raystown, but they often took a short cut through
Fannettsburg rather than Fort Loudoun.
‘■fort Hunter, erected in 1755 at the mouth of Fishing Creek, about one-half mile
above present Rockville, Dauphin County, Penna.
' Sherman’s (Shareman’s) valley lies west of the Susquehanna River, across the south-
ern part of Perry County.
^ Great Cove and Little Cove lie to the south of Fott Littleton, between Conococheague
Creek and Sideling Hill.
“ Sideling Hill, a ridge of the Allegheny Mountains, lies between Tuscarora Mountain
and Rays Hill.
'“Tuscarora Mountain lies to the west of the Kittatinny range or North Mountain.
The route proposed here is that which is followed by present Highway, Pennsylvania
75, to Fannettsburg. Thence it goes over the Tuscarora Mountain to Burnt Cabins
and Fort Littleton.
"Laurel Hill, a ridge of the Allegheny Mountains, lies between Allegheny Mountain and
Chestnut Ridge.
" Not found.
“ Chinklacamoose, a former Indian village at the present site of Clearfield, Clearfield
County, Penna. It later appeared that the Cherokees mistook this place for Wyoming.
See Bouquet to Forbes, July 15.
" Not found.
"Brigade Major Francis Halkett, son of Sir Peter Halkett who served with Braddock,
was Forbes’ chief aid during the campaign of 1758.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 21, A. L. S.]
Wmcbester June IT*' 1758
Dear Sir
I bad great dependance on John Walker tbe Guide for finding the Road
from the Allegeny Ridge, to the great Crossing,^ I detain’d him, the other
day, on purpose, to know if he wou’d attempt to find it. The answer that
he made me, was, that he knew that Country very well, having hunted
there many years, that the Hills run a cross the line the Road ought to
go and are very steep: That he was sent by Cob Dunbar,- from the great
Crossing, to acquaint Col' Burd, of the defeat of the Army; and that the
Col' Bouquet
77
11 June 1758
year after he was taken prisoner by the Shanese, and carried that Road,
to the french fort;^ and that the Shanese /who he was acquainted with
and speaks their Language/ told him, that was the best way to get out of
these Mountains and Laurel Thicketts. On the whole he says, that the
Road may be made, with a great deal of labour, & time, but that it must
be reconoiterd, when the leaves are off the Trees, being impossible to do
it at this Season.
Considering all these Circumstances and the Season of the Year ad-
vancing so fast, and the Small Number of Indians we have left, I must
send you my opinion /which always, was that if I was to carry a Convoy
from Lancaster to fort Cumberland I w'oud pass by, or near Reas Town,'.
That we have not time to reconoitre the Road in question, and open it,
without taking up more time than we have to spare, and which wou’d
give the french and Indians too favourable an opportunity of attacking
us on that laborious Work. I tbink it will be more eligible to fall down
on fort Cumberland, and get on from thence to the great Crossing, after
making a Block house, at the little meadows.^ This will advance us 40
miles from fort Cumberland, and a deposite may be made at that place.
I shall therefore make my disposition for that, which will answer to the
former, if jmu think you can carry it thro’. This wall save you time by
making but a small w^ork at the Gap,^ or Rays Towm, because you may
move on your provisions to fort Cumberland.
There are two Roads which may be cut from your Road to fort Cum-
berland, the one® leads from Alequipas Gap, and falls in on the Patto-
mack, 7 Miles below fort Cumberland, where the Road is already cut:
and the other^ leads from Rays town, directly upon the fort. These Roads
are equally good, so that you’ll tell me which of them I shou'd open. I
take it that this will depend on the Road from Aliquippas Gap to Rays
Town. I think if you break off at the Gap, you will avoid some Crossings
of Juniata, which might prove troublesome, and by taking this Road
youll save a deal of Work at Rays Town. Vous me diray peutetre que
faisant ce Chemin vous seray oblige de preter votre flanc a I’Ennemi, je
repond que dans le Bois, je ne connois ni tete ni queue ni droit ni gauche.®
Washingtons three Companys arrived yesterday from Augusta. I am
hard at Work to get them on their March, their Arms are in a most
miserable Condition, they shall be follow’d by Byrds as soon as I can get
Blanketts for them. I have got 200 Tents which I think will go near to
compleat the 2 Reg*® & 10 tents besides for the light Horse. I shall be
glad to have your Answer to this, and if you wou’d have me go to Car-
lisle, I shall be able to do it, but not before the whole is in motion from
hence, but if you w'otid have me go towards fort Cumberland, send orders
to Carlisle for my Equipage, to be forwarded to me. Every thing is alike
to me, provided I am employd.
78
11 June 1758
I beg you will forward this to Brig'?’' fForbes for I am not able to write
him a Copy, I have not only to give Orders but I must see every part
of them executed myself. I have odd people to deal with.
Walker the Guide Is gone home for Six days, he & other two have
engaged to bring me a Comp^ of good Woods men and I have agreed to
furnish them amunition & provisions.
I am with the greatest Regard
My Dear Bouquet
Your most obedient and most bumble Servant
John S* Clair
Forward the Inclosed History^ of Col' Carlisle & his Blanketts to Gen'
fforbes.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzv riling] Sir John S? Clair 11"’ June 1758
Great Crossing of the Youghiogheny River, at present Somerfield, in Somerset County,
Penna.
'Col. Thomas Dunbar, in command of one of the regiments sent over with Braddock.
” Fort Duquesne.
* Little Meadow is at the foot of Meadow Mountain, about two miles east of Little
Crossings, near present Grantsville, Md.
’ Allequippa’s Gap, just east of Bedford. Noted on the Scull, Sayer, and Bennett Map,
of Pennsylvania, 1775, as “Allequippy’s Gap.”
‘’This probably refers to the Great Warriors Path, which ran southward through the
site of Everett, Bedford County, following along the foot of Warriors Mountain, or
Warrior Ridge, to Oldtown, Md., where it crossed the Potomac near Cresap’s
plantation.
"This refers to another branch of the Warriors Path, which ran southward along the
foot of Will’s Mountain to the mouth of Will’s Creek.
®“You will tell me perhaps that in making this road you will be obliged to expose
your flank to the enemy. I reply that in the woods I know neither head nor tail nor
right nor left.”
” Not found.
79
12 June 1758
BOUQUET: MEMORANDA
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 118, A. N.]
Articles agreed upon at Conegogee^ the 12*^'* June 1758
700 Arms to be Sent from I
Fredericksburg {> Bird-
300 Blanketts
30 Barrells of Powder at Winch:
150 Cases of Musquett Balls
8 Rip Saws wl*^ files
Vi of Sand Baggs
a Proportion of axes for
1[®*] comp?' of artificers
[wit]h Birds^
Other Tools
March of the Troops®
Washington’s five Companies
wl*^ the Comp?® of Artificers
to March to Cumberland the
2T*^ of June, will be there in
Seven days.
Col. Bird w?*^ as many as can
March of his Regim?"^ to follow
the 26?*^ d°
LI Col. Alercer® will march the
remainder of Said Batt" as
Soon as possible to join and
encamp at Fort Cumberland.
Dt Ross® to provide immediatly
three Weeks provisions at Cumberl®
for the 300 Mariland Troops
and Supply the 100 from Frederic on their march
M'' Walker^® to Send to Cumberland
for Six Weeks Provisions for
1800 men and Supply them
besides upon their march.
!- to Fort Cumberland.
The armurer Henry^^ to go to Cumberland
80
12 June 1758
The Garrison of Cumberland to consist
of one Company of Bird, and the
men unfit for the field
The Virginia Light Horse^“
the 24'’ march tow'’ Cumberland.
Inquire for Scyths if a 100 [wh]t
Send 25 to Carlisle.
Communication between F’ Frederic
to Cumberland to be cu[t]
by the 100 Marylanders & the
[2-’ Company of Artificers]!
New Levies if aproved
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Articles agreed for the March of
the Virginia Troops
t Stricken out.
^The delayed conference with Sir John St. Clair and Gov. Horatio Sharpe was held
at Conegogee.
^ Col. William Byrd.
® According to St. Clair’s orders to Washington, this means quantity.
‘ Capt. John Field’s company of artificers, from Byrd’s Regiment.
'’Washington’s orders were issued by St. Clair, June 13, and are printed in Hamilton,
Letters to Washington, H, 320-321.
“Capt. John Posey’s company of artificers, from Byrd’s Regiment.
Byrd’s Second Virginia Regiment.
" Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
“Dr. David Ross of Maryland, contractor for provisions for Maryland troops.
“ Dr. Thomas Walker.
“Washington’s Orders to Henry, the armourer, June 24, are printed in Fitzpatrick,
Writings of Washington, H, 224.
“'The troop of Light Horse was commanded by Capt. Robert Stewart who was later
promoted to major.
12 June 1758
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 121, A. L. S.]
81
Carlisle 121^ June 1758
Dear Sir
Thursday June an Express Arriv’d at Philad^^ from New York, who
informs that a Packet was Arriv’d there from England, in which it’s Said,
came M?' Hamilton,^ Once Governor of this Province, by which Packet
we have advice That Admiral Hawk- had fell in with a French fleet of
transports from Cape Francois to Louisburgh under Convoy of two
Frigates, and either Seven or Nine Sail of the Transports, and that five
Sail of the same Fleet, were also taken by some Privateers. General
AmhursU is come, and the Fleet Saild from Halifax on the Expedition.^
No News that I hear of From General Abercrombie.
I have wrote® you from Lancaster, that I’m Commanded by the Gen-
eral to Order to Carlisle all the New Le\ws there to Encamp them &
distribute their necessarys, afterwards to Draught for the various pur-
poses mention’d in my last, any thing hitherto Sent, has not been par-
ticularly enough directed either for what Use, to whome to be deliver’d,
or at what place, by which means, to gether with the intermixture of the
Virginia Stores I’m doubtful of mistakes [in the]t and am of Opinion
if Mt Ourry cou’d possibly be spar’d a few days, he being best acquainted
with the Stores it would be of much Use, but if you can’t spare him,
please to let him write. I know not whether the Blankets for my Own
Battalion is 5^et come, or where they are. Colonel Mountgomery was to
Set Out with his !•* Division on friday last, and Sir Allen® is to be here
on Wednesday next. I have just now heard that Sir John S* Clair is to
be with you this Night, to whome I beg you may give my best respects,
who am Sir
your very Affectionate, and Most Obd^ Servant
Jo" Armstrong
Co’ Bouquet
P; S; I have just now Sent out 12 Light Horse with two Officers" j
after Deserters Suppos’d to be from Co’ Burd, they were Seen last y
Night near this Town®
t Stricken out.
82
13 June 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Armstrong 12‘** June
[Addressed] On his Majesties Service To Colonel Henry Bouquet
Commanding his Majesties Troops at Fort Loudon by
M^ Works
^James Hamilton (1710-1783), lawyer and member of Pennsylvania Assembly, served
twice as acting governor, 1734-1739 and 1748-1754. Consult DAB.
"Sir Edward Hawke (1715-1781). In April, 1758, Admiral Hawke drove a French
squadron, enroute for America, on shore in the Basque Roads off the coast of
France, near Rochefort.
'^Sir Jeffery Amherst (1717-1797) was born at Riverhead, Kent, England. He was ap-
pointed major general in 1758 for the expedition against Louisburg, and replaced
Abercromby as commander-in-chief, in September. Consult DNB.
*The second expedition against Louisburg. A copy of the proceedings of fleet and
army is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 44.
‘’Letter not found. See Bouquet to Forbes, June 3.
” Sir Allan MacLean.
’’ Not identified.
® Postscript in Bouquet’s handwriting.
® Probably Capt. Patrick Work, commissioned, December 9, 1757, in the second bat-
talion of the Pennsylvania Regiment, and later appointed major in the first battalion.
BOUQUET TO SHARPE
[Maryland Historical Society, Gilmor Papers, Vol. II, f. 8, A. L. S.]
Conigogegh 13D June 1758
Sir
As it will be of the greatest benefit to His Majesty’s Service, to have a
Road of communication open from Each of the Provinces to Fort Cum-
berland; I am under the necessity of requesting of you, to have Straightest
Road reconnoitred, leading from Fort Frederic to Fort Cumberland;
Recommanding to those^ you appoint to mark it out, to report the time
that 500 men will take to cut it; any Expence you may be at Shall be
paid by Sir John S* Clair; as he will be the nearest to you. Please to Send
him the Report- of it, that if found practicable, he may Send Troops
to work at it.
I am with the highest Regard
Sir
Your most obed‘ and most humble serv‘
Henry Bouquet
To the Honble Gov- Sharpe
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Bouquet’s Letter to the
Honble Hor. Sharpe Esqr: Governor of Maryland
June the 13“' 1758
^ Capt. Evan Shelby was appointed by Gov. Sharpe to reconnoiter and report on the
road.
“A copy of Shelby’s report is printed in Md. Arch., IX, 212-213.
i-'R()X'iip:rs of vfrgima
fB. M., Add. 216,'S, f. 14]
83
13 June 1758
WASHINGTON: MEMORANDA
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 13, N. S.]
[Conegogee, June 13, 1758]
Sundry matters in which CoE Bouquets directions^ is desird —
As the 24-'’ Ins^- is fixd upon for me to begin my March from Win-
chester I am in hopes we shall all be ready for that purpose — but if I
shoud not be able to get Arms and Blankets for the Men — are we to wait
any longer for them, or to March of at all events?
After the first division of CoE Birds^ Regiment has Marchd to Fort
Cumberland with me — are his remaining Companies to follow after as
fast as they can? — or are they to remain & [comejt excort up [withjt
Provisions as shall be found most advisable?
If we find it impractacable to get a sufficient N*^ of Arms repaird in time
to furnish the Two Virg® Regiments, & the Militia Comp^ of Prince Wil-
liam,^ have we in that case liberty to make up the Diflficiency with the
Maryland Arms? Or must we forbear touching them altogether?
Is not CoE Bird to March with the first division of his Reg*^? who is to
be left to see that the remainder follow, & execute the orders that may
be given them?
How many of the Sick & lame of the Virginia Troops shoud be left in
Garrison at Fort Loudoun?® — & shoud any of them be posted at Edwards®
Pearsalls’^ &c® in order to keep open the Communication for Expresses at
least?
What Method is best, to provide our Troops with Powder Horns and
Shot Pouches? — will their be time to Order them to be made at Philadel-
phia, & sent from thence to Fort Cumberland by the first Convoy[s]t?
Is the Troop of light Horse to March to Fort Cumberland with me, or
not?
am I to distribute the [Ha]t 200 Hatchets that lye at this place among
m}' Men so soon as they come to hand?
G“ Washington
Connogochieg J
13**^ June 1758 f
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
^ St. Clair’s orders of June 13.
“ Col. William Byrd.
■* Militia of Prince William County, \'a., under the command of Capt. John Bayles.
°Fort Loudoun, at Winchester, Va.
* Edward’s fort was on the South Branch of the Great Cacapon River, Augusta County,
Va.
'Job Pearsall’s was on the South Branch of the Potomac River, at or near the present
town of Romney, West Va.
84
Monsieur
14 June 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216S2, f. 40, A. L S.]
Fort Loudoun June 1758
J arrive de Conegogech ou j’ay eu une Entrevue avec le Governeur
Sharpe, Sir John S- Clair, & Col. Washington. Nous y avons arrange la
marche^ du reste des Troupes de Virginie, des qu’elles Seront armees &
pourvues du Necessaire.
Les 5. Comp‘d® de Washington, la 2'*® d’ouvriers- de Bird, et les Chevaux
legers, partiront le 24® Cour* de Winchester pour Fort Cumberland.
Le 26® Tout ce qui Sera pret du Regim- de Bird suivra par la meme
Route; Le Reste marchera le plutot possible Sous les ordres du Lieut
Col. Mercer.^
Une Comp^ de Rangers^ avec 30 Invalides du Reg^ de Washington
resteront a Winchester, avec quelques petits Partys pour couvrir la Com-
munication avec le Fort Cumberland.
Le Comissaire Walker^ S’etant arrange avec M? Hoops a ordre de
pourvoir a la Subsistance de ces Troupes Sur la Route, et d’envoyer de
plus pour Six Semaines de Provisions a Cumberland pour 1800 homes.
Partie de ce Convoy marchera avec les Troupes, Le reste Sera escorte
par une Comp^ de Bird.
30 Barils de Poudre )
I Et des outils. Sacs a Terre &®
150 Caisses de Bales ^
Sera envoye avec Eux de Winchester.
Us ont ordre de commencer immediatement a ouvrir la Communication
jusques a Reas Town flanques par les Indiens que Sulvent le Col. Bird.
Les difficultes que je crains de rencontrer dans la Route par Reas Town,
m’ont fait ecouter avec Plaisir une Proposition de Gouverneur Sharpe,
qui est d’ouvrir une Communication depuis le Fort Frederic a Fort Cum-
berland: Le grand Chemin par Carlisle & Shippensburg est tres bon
jusques a la maison de Pawlins a 23 miles de Shippensburg; dela Sir John
a fait couper un bon Chemin jusques au Fort Frederic distant 12 milles:
La ligne droite pour aller dela a Cumberland est d’environ 42 m: dont 12
Sont deja coupes; Resteroit 30 miles a ouvrir: ce qui pourroit etre fait
par 5, ou 600 homes en 3 Semaines:
On eviteroit par la de traverser le Patomack dont les frequens deborde-
mens arretent toute Communication; Le Chemin est de plus de 20 miles
General Forbes
14 June 1758 85
plus court, et en tout terns les Chariots pourroient y passer depuis la
Pensilvanie.
A notre requisition Le Col. Sharpe'' a env'oye reconnoitre le terrein, et
marquer la Route, et vous en aures le Raport incessamment: au Cas
que I’Entreprise Soit trouvee praticable, et que vous Paprouvies: Les
nouvelles Levees qui Seront encore a Carlisle pourroient y etre employes,
et je laisse des Outils a Fort Loudoun.
Apres avoir considere attentivement notre Route au Fort Littleton, on
a trouve qu’on pourroit plutot rendre I'ancien Chemin praticable que d’en
ouvrir tin nouveau, Et y ayant emplot'e constamment les Troupes, on I’a
mis en asses bon Etat pour y faire passer Sans danger nos Convoys.
Les 6 Comp'?® de Virginie, et le Batallion de Burd marchent aujourdhuy
et je les joindray demain au Fort Littleton, d’ou j'iray en avant Sans
perdre un moment: Nous laisserons tons les Chariots au Fort, jusqu’a
ce que le Chemin Soit fait, et le Poste a la Juniatta commence;
Sir John est a Carlisle, il vous rendra Compte des arrangemens qu’il
a pris pour les Troupes du Maryland.
Le Gouvernour Sharpe S’est employe de la meilleure grace, a accelerer
le Service, et ecarter toutes les difficultes; nous lui avons beaucoup d’obli-
gation. Et Si vous aprouves la Communication qu’il a proposee, j’espere
qu’il voLidra bien a votre Requisition Se Charger de la diriger.
Le D'' Ross'^ qui a fourni les vivres aux Troupes du Maryland, Se trouve
rume. Si on ne lui donne pas les mot'ens de remphr les Engagemens qu’il
a contracte pour le Soutien de ces Troupes.
Son Zele pour le bien du Service, Si rare dans ce Continent, merite que
I’on S'interesse pour luy. Permettes moy. Monsieur, de vous demander
VOS bons offices aupres du Gen^ Abercrombie, pour lui faire obtenir le
Payment de Ses avances, pour lesquelles ]\Iy Lord Loudoun® S’est engage,
et Son Successeur ensuite: Les delais lui Seront aussi fatals qu’tine Perte
totale, et Si cet honete home est la victime de Sa Confiance; On ne
trouvera plus de gens qui veuillent S'exposer dans les Cas memes les plus
urgens.
J’ay remarqtie un grand Inconvenient dans I’usage des Cartridges Boxes
pour les Troupes Provlnciales.
Ils ne Scavent pas faire les Cartouches, ou bien ils y employent trop
de terns.
Dans les Bois on a rarement le terns, et des Endroits propres pour les
faire.
86 14 June 1758
Ces Cartridges Boxes ne contiennent que 9 Coups quelques unes douze,
ce qiii n’est pas Suffisant.
Je crois que leur Powder Horns, et les Pouches ou ils portoient leurs
Bales, Seroient beaucoup plus utiles, conservant cependant le Cartridge
Box, pour S’en Servir dans une attaque Subite, ou de Nuit. La difficulte
est de les pourvoir. Je ne Seals Si la Chose est possible a Pbiladelphie:
Le Col. Washington s’est charge d’en rassembler autant qu’il pourroit
pour les Virglniens, et de faire des Sacs de Raven duck® pour les Bales au
deffaut de Peaux.
Les Indiens de Carlisle Sont venus a Fort Loudoun, mais je ne puis
repondre d’Eux.
Ceux de Bosomworth arrivent dans le moment, je leur parlerai demain
matin a tons pour tacher de les engager a marcher avec nous.
Comme nous n’avions pas asses de desagreemens avec Eux, La petite
Verole S’en mele, et il y en a un tres mal i<;y;
Je ne Scavois point que M’' Glen^® etoit a Philad'? jusqu’a ce que j’ay
vu Sa Lettre aux Cherakees. Elle a ete dabord envoyee a Winchester,
mais il est trop tard. Je Serois Charme de le voir i(;y, et je Suis persuade
que Sa presence feroit un bon Effet Sur Ses anciens Amis.
Les deux Comp®® de R. A. resteront a Fort Loudoun jusqu’a ce que
vous trouvies a propos d’en disposer. L’artillerie, et Stores Sont partis
pour Littleton.
Il Sera necessaire d’avoir un Maitre de Postes, des Couriers, et des
Chevaux a I’armee, independemment des Postes, je crois I’avoir deja
mentione dans ma precedente.
Je Suis avec un Entier devouement
Monsieur
Votre tres Humble et tres obeiss^ Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
Permettes moy d’offnr mes Respects a Mons'' Gleen.
[Endorsed] Col: Bouquet F Loudoun June 14*’'
87
14 June 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Fort Loudoun 14th June 1758
Sir:
I have arrived from Conegogech, where I had an interview with Gov-
ernor Sharpe, Sir John St. Clair, and Col. Washington. In it we planned
the march^ of the rest of the Virginia troops, as soon as they are armed
and provided with necessities.
Washington’s 5 companies. Bird’s second company of workmen,- and
the Light Horse, will leave Winchester for Fort Cumberland on the 24th
of this month.
The 26th, all of Bird’s regiment which is ready will follow by the same
route. The rest wdl march as soon as possible, under tbe command of
Lieut. Col. Mercer.^
A company of Rangers,^ with 30 invalids from Washington's regiment,
w'ill remain at Winchester, with some small parties to cover the communi-
cation with Fort Cumberland.
Commissary Walker,® after making arrangements with Mr. Hoops, has
orders to provide for the subsistence of these troops on the road, and
to send, besides, a six weeks’ supply of provisions for 1800 men to Cum-
berland.
Part of this convoy will go with the troops; the rest will be escorted by
one of Bird’s companies.
30 barrels of powder )
I and tools, sleeping-sacks, etc.,
150 boxes of bullets j
will be sent with them from Winchester.
They have orders to begin immediately to open tbe communication as
far as Reas Town, flanked by the Indians following Col. Bird.
The difficulties that I am afraid of encountering on the road through
Reas Town, made me hear with pleasure one of Governor Sharpe’s pro-
posals, which is to open a communication from Fort Frederic to Fort
Cumberland. The highway through Carlisle and Shippensburg is very
good as far as Pawlins’ house, 23 miles from Shippensburg. From there
Sir John has had a good road cut as far as Fort Frederic, 12 miles away.
It is about 42 miles in a straight line from there to Cumberland, of which
12 are already cut. 30 mdes would remain to be opened, which could be
done by five or six hundred men in 3 weeks.
By this, we could avoid crossing the Patomack, whose frequent floods
stop all communication. The road is more than 20 miles shorter, and
wagons could go there at all times from Pennsylvania.
88
14 June 1758
At our request, Col. Sharpe® has sent to reconnoiter the terrain and
mark the route, and you will have a report of it very soon, in case the en-
terprise is found practicable and you approve it. The new recruits who
will still be at Carlisle could be employed on this, and I am leaving tools
at Fort Loudoun.
After a careful consideration of our route to Fort Littleton, it was found
that the old road could be made passable rather than open a new one;
and by employing the troops on it constantly, it has been put in good
enough condition to send our convoys without danger.
The 6 Virginian companies and Bird’s battalion are marching today,
and I shall join them tomorrow at Fort Littleton, from where I shall go
forward without losing a moment. We shall leave all the wagons at the
fort, until the road is made, and the post on the Juniatta begun.
Sir John is at Carlisle; he will give you an account of the arrangements
he has made for the Maryland troops.
Governor Sharpe has busied himself very eagerly to accelerate the serv-
ice and remove all difficulties. We are under great obligation to him, and
if you approve the communication he has proposed, I hope that he will
be willing to take care of managing it, at your request.
Dr. Ross,''^ who has furnished provisions to the Maryland troops, will
he ruined, if he is not given the means of satisfying the obligations he has
incurred for the maintenance of these troops.
His zeal for the good of the service, so rare in this continent, merits
that an interest be taken in him. Permit me, Sir, to ask your good offices
with General Abercrombie, to enable him to obtain payment of his
advances, for which Lord Loudoun® contracted, as well as his successor.
Delays will be as fatal to him as a total loss, and if this worthy man is
the victim of his trust, there will be no more men willing to expose them-
selves, even in the most urgent cases.
I have noticed a great inconvenience in the use of cartridge boxes for
the provincial troops.
They do not know how to make cartridges, or rather they take too much
time.
In the woods, they seldom have time or places suitable to make them.
These cartridge boxes hold only 9 charges, some twelve, which is not
sufficient.
I think that their powder horns and pouches for carrying bullets would
be much more useful, keeping the cartridge box, however, to use in case
89
14 June 1758
of a sudden or night attack. The difficulty is in providing them. I do
not know if that is possible at Philadelphia. Col. Washington undertook
to collect as many as he could for the Virginians, and to make sacks of
Raven duck® for the bullets, instead of leather.
The Indians from Carlisle have come to Fort Loudoun, but I cannot
answer for them.
Bosomworth’s Indians arrived just now. I shall speak to all of them
tomorrow morning, to try to persuade them to march with us.
As if we did not have enough trouble with them, the smallpox lent a
hand; and there is one of them very sick here.
I did not know that Mr. Glen’^® was in Philadelphia, until I saw the
letter to the Cherakees. It was first sent to Winchester, but it is too late.
I should be delighted to see him here, and I am sure that his presence
would have a good effect on his old friends.
The two companies of Royal Americans will stay at Fort Loudoun
until you find it convenient to dispose of them. The artillery and stores
have gone to Littleton.
It will be necessary to have a master for the posts, couriers and horses
of the army, besides the [regular] posts. I think that I have already
mentioned it in my previous letter.
I am with complete devotion,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
Permit me to offer my respects to Mr. Glen.
See Bouquet’s Memoranda for June 12.
^ Capt. John Posey’s company, from Byrd’s Regiment.
® Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
‘Capt. Robert Rutherford’s Rangers. Washington’s Orders to Rutherford, June 24,
are printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 223-224.
® Dr. Thomas Walker.
^ Gov. Horatio Sharpe ordered Capt. Evan Shelby to reconnoiter and mark the route.
’ Dr. David Ross.
®John Campbell, fourth Earl of Loudoun (1702-1782), appointed governor-general of
Virginia in February, 1756, and commander-in-chief of British forces in America in
March. Later replaced by Abercromby. Consult DNB.
® Raven's-duck, a fine quality of sailcloth.
“ Ex-governor James Glen of South Carolina.
90
14 June 1758
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Fort Loudoun, June 14, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, June 17. Bouquet
apparently requested that his sword and tent be taken care of when they arrived. The
letter also probably contained some instructions regarding the arms and tents for Arm-
strong’s battalion.
WEISER TO BOUQUET
[B. AL, Add. MSS. 21655, f. 7, A. L. S.]
[Reading, June 14, 1758]
Most Noble Colonel
Your favours of the 30 of May^ and 5**' of June- with the advertise-
ment to the Inhabitants in the County of Bercks are Come to Hand[s]t. I
am sorry that I was not at home, the Governor haveing Called me to
Philadelphia, on Indian affairs, where also M'' Read^ was. I was dis-
patched Imediatly and Comeing to Reading employed a Clerk to make
out Several Copies of the advertisem*^ and as the time was but Short, I
ordered that the Inhabf® should met me in Reading to Contract for Wag-
gons according to your direction where I have ben Buisy with, this 3 or
4 days /I arrived but last Sunday/ and about 23 have Contracted with
me. We have a Set of people here that wdl not only do nothing, in this
affair, but b}^ their Exemple and 111 will, puts Mischief into others.
Whereof the Waggon master John lesher,'* will Inform }mu particulary, I
have appointed him a Waggon master according to your order, and your
Honour will find he will answer the end, he is a noted freeholder here, and
he Can be but a looser upon the whole by his leaveing his plantation,
Mills Iron work & etc, but his Majesties Servies he has at heart, and
therefore will go. I can not tell what to do with M'’ George Ross® the In-
habitants of this County or at least the Contracters have Shown a great
dislike to him, and even would not Contract If George Should have any
thing to Say to them. I wish you Could employ him. Some where else
over another Brigade of Waggons to prevent uneasiness to both party.
M'' lesher will Come witff this division of Waggons that have now Con-
tracted and their Waggons and horses valued, this day is the last day
that I wait for people to Come in to Contract, haveing applied for a
press warrent® to his honour the Governor before I left Philadelphia,
which is Come up now. I shall Send the Constable to press Waggons &
Horses, Sufficiant, and according to your order. I am much Concerned
for the backwardness of Some our Religious people /as they pretent to
be/ and hope their 111 behaviour will not be Imputed to the whole County,
t Stricken out.
91
C. IS June 1758
and indeed not to all of that Set, for Some of them have done their Share
towards this present Service. Some people in the poor town of Reading
rose ten pound by Subscription to give to a Waggoner of their town to
go for their Share. I have nothing further to trouble your Honour with
at presant but promise to do my Endeavour to get the rest of the waggons
with all possible Speed. I wish you health and happinness and pray Sin-
cerly that the most high may prosper your undertaking, and Bless his
Majestys armes.
I am
Most Noble Colonel
your very obedient and humble Servant
Conrad Weiser
Reading June the 14 — 1758
Excuse my Scralls I have no Clerk at present to make out fair Copies
P S dear Sir. I Can not help of recomending my dear Son Samy'^ to
your patnernal Care. I dont mean to Spare him let him do his duty and
behave as a Couragies Soldier on all occassion, but he may want Conduct
and good advise from a Gentlemen of your Experience. M"" Read is not
returned as yet from philad’^^
Coll: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Conrad Weiser Esq*' 14**' June
^ Not found.
^ See Bouquet to Weiser, June 5. Advertisement not found.
® Probably Adam Read, Esq., magistrate for Hanover township in Lancaster County,
and living just south of present Indian Town Gap.
* See Bouquet to Weiser, June 5.
° George Ross of Lancaster, who later entered the Indian trade.
® Press Warrant issued by Gov. Denny, May 31, 1758.
’ Capt. Samuel Weiser who received his training among the Mohawks, and, like his
father, could speak the language fluently. He was commissioned, December 20, 1757,
in the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
BOUQUET TO BOSOMWORTH
[Eort Loudoun, c. June 15, 1758]
Letter missing, but a letter, no date mentioned, was acknowledged by Bosomworth in
his to Bouquet, June 18. There is no indication as to the contents of the letter, except
that it was passed on to Ourry. However, it probably dealt with Indian affairs, and the
problem of provisions.
92
15 June 1758
BOUQUET TO HOOPS
[Fort Loudoun, June 15, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Hoops in his to Bouquet, June 17. The contents
of the letter apparently included a complaint against the slowness of the wagon masters,
and asked about provisions.
Evidently Bouquet expressed his satisfaction with Hoops’ son-in-law, Daniel Clark, and
also asked for news.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Fort Loudoun, June 15, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, June 17. Bouquet’s
two letters of June 14 and 15 apparently arrived at about the same time, so it is
difficult to deduce from Armstrong's reply the contents of a given letter. However, this
letter may have asked for news of the Light Horse, and probably contained Bouquet’s
request that a horse be sent to him.
BOSOMWORTH TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 9, A. L. S.]
[Fort Loudoun, June 16, 1758]
Dear Sir/
I have been endeavouring to equip the Indians with all expedition
with an Intention to march off for Lyttleton in the morning but find it
impracticable from the manner I am obliged to fitt them out in, being
able to Compleat one Party only the whole day with the closest appli-
cation, the rest shall be dispatched with all possible Diligence but will
unavoidably detain me a day or two longer than I expected, therefore
thought It necessary to acquaint you therewith by this opportunity.
The Indians are all to receive their several Proportions of Goods for
the Service of the Campaign, which are to be packt up and lodged in the
Stores tdl their Return and I think is a good Pledge for the Performance
of their Engagements & by establishing things upon a Certain Footing
will put a final Period to any further expectations & be the most effectual
means of securing them inviolably to our Interest. This method of
Distributing the Goods is extremely tedious and troublesome but must
be Complyed with as being most agreeable to their Temper; I shall fall
short of Silver Ware, but those who have not rec'’ sufficient Quantity
will remain Satisfied untill M'’ Trent returns back. I shall send Capt"
Bullen away to morrow & give him such Presents & Instructions as are
93
16 June 1758
necessary for the Purpose, shall join you with all the Indians as soon as
ever the Matters of Presents are finally adjusted and am
Sir
Your most Obed. hble Serv?
[A.] Bosomworth
Fort Loudon 16'’‘ June 1758.
Col* Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting\ Cap* Bosomworth 16*'* June
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 44, A. L S.]
Fort Loudoun, 16^ Juin 1758
Monsieur
Apres vous avoir ecrit tant de Lettres remplies de Choses desagreables,
J’ay enfin la Satisfaction de vous mander de meilleures Nouvelles.
Apres deux Jours dTntrigues, de diners, et de Conseils publics, Les
Cherokees qul etoient determines a nous quitter out change d’avls, Et
outre les 27 Catawbas, nous avons icy 99 Cherakees resolus a nous Suivre
partout ou vous voudres nous mener: Ils Se Sont engages a Suivre les
ordres et directions du Command* et a vaincre ou pent avec nous:
Je Souhaitterois potivoir vous envoyer leurs Reponses' au\ harangues
que je leur ai faites. Je vous assure. Monsieur, que j’ay ete etonne de
trouver autant d’Esprit, d’lmagination, de force et de dignite dans des
Sauvages.
Dans un Endroit de Son discours, Un des Chefs me dit qu'ils connois-
soient le Pays ou nous allions, et pour que je n’en doutasse pas, II fit Signe
a un de Ses guerners qui est dernierem* revenu du Fort du Quesne, de
tracer Sa Marche. II prit Son Couteau, et dessina Sur la Table tine Carte
depuis Winchester a Fort Du Quesne,- avec toutes les Rivieres, & les
Chemins qui y conduisent, entrant dans les plus petits details Sur la
nature du Terrein qui est dit il montagneux partout excepte le Bord de la
Mononguehela,^ mais on pent passer presque partout.
II dit que le Poligone qui regarde la Riviere n’est encore que de Stokades
fort hautes: Le terrein etant fort escarpe de ce Cote la, II fut oblige
de grimper Sur un arbre pour en prendre une Juste Idee
Je leur ai promis des Presents au retour de I’Expedition, et ce qui
leur est necessaire actuellem* pour marcher en Campagne.
94
16 June 1758
Ils S’en Sont remis entierement a moy du Soin de deux de leurs gens
qui ont la petite Verole, et qui restent icy, ou j’en fais prendre tout le
Soin possible: Cette bagatelle est pour Eux la plus grande marque de
Confiance, et j’en augure bien pour la Solidite des Engagemens qu’ils ont
pris.
Je ne Suis pas asses au fait de leurs moeurs et Coutumes pour repondre
qu'ils tiendront tout ce qu’ils ont promis, mais je le crois Sur de Si belles
apparences.
En ce Cas je pense que nous en avons asses, avec ceux qui Sont avec
le Col. Bird^ nous pouvons compter Sur plus de 200; nombre surem-
preferable, a 500 droles qui ne faisoient que piller nos Presents Sans
rendre aucun Service.
Je dois rendre Justice a Bosomworth, C’est a lui principalem- que ce
Succes est deu. Les 29 guerriers qu’il a ramenes de Winchester ont
determine tout le reste.
On les equippe aujourdhuy, et ils me joindront demain au Eort Little-
ton, d’ou j'iray en avant.
Jusques a ce que j’aye vu de mes yeux la Chemin et les difficultes que
nous pourrons rencontrer. Je ne puis plus fixer de Jours; J’ay ete trop
Souvent trompe Sur le Raport des autres; Je ne perdray pas un moment
inutdement, et vous informeray de tons les Pas qui je feray.
Les Americains resteront icy jusqu’a ce qu’ils recoivent vos ordres:
J’ay ete oblige au deffaut de Ris de faire un autre Reglem^ provisionel
pour la Ration, que je crois le meilleur, en ce qu’il epargne beaucoup de
Voitures
* 8^ Beef or 5^ Pork
7# Elour
1 Pint Rice, or in lieu I*" more flour.
I have the honour of your last*® du lO*? Juin,® et je Suis honteux que nous
ayons fait Si peu de besogne dans le terns que vous aves remue des
Montagnes
Je laisse i?y le Lieut. Basset avec des outils au Cas que vous ordonnies
que Ton ouvre la Communication de Eort Erederic a Cumberland, Sup-
posant cependant qu’avant de vous determiner, vous Souhaitteres de
Scavoir quelle Espece de Chemin Je trouveray du Cote de Reas Town.
Si vous aves besoin d’un ofhcier propre a tout, Permettes moy de vous
recommander le Major Grant. ^
General Eorbes
95
16 June 1758
Vous aures besoin d’un plus grand Nombre de Chariots que vous
n’avies calcule; L’Experience qui est audessus de tous les Raisonnemens,
me fait voir chaque Jour que les uns perdent leurs Chevaux a la Pature,
d’autres se Cassent une Partie n’ont pas la force de grimper les Montagnes,
et Ton peut compter Sur un 10® a chaque Convoy hors de Service.
Quand j’ay ete a Conegogech, Plusieurs Charretiers vinrent m’offrir
leurs Services, du Maryland et de Virginie; Le Gouvernt Sharpe me dit
aussi qu’il en pourroit procurer plusieurs: Je Pay mande a Hoops qui
continue a courir Jour et Nuit pour en rassembler.
Les Catawba etant nos amis de tous les terns; J’envoye le Cap°® Bullen
un de leurs Chefs pour tacher d’amener une autre Comp? il pourra nous
joindre dans un mols.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Col: Bouquet F Loudoun June 16
[TRANSLATION]
Fort Loudoun, June 16, 1758.
Sir:
After having written you so many letters full of disagreeable things,
I finally have the satisfaction of sending you better news.
After two days of intrigue, dinners, and public councils, the Cherokees
who were determined to leave us have changed their minds. And, besides
the 27 Catawbas, we have 99 Cherokees resolved to follow us everywhere
you may want to lead us. They promised to follow the orders and
directions of the commander, and to conquer or perish with us.
I should like to be able to send you their replies to the speeches^
that I have made to them. I assure you. Sir, that I was astonished to
find so much spirit. Imagination, strength, and dignity in savages.
In one part of his speech, one of the chiefs told me that they were
acquainted with the country where we were going; and so that I would
have no doubt of it, he made a sign to one of his warriors who has lately
returned from Fort Duquesne to sketch his march. He took his knife
and drew a map on the table from Winchester to Fort Duquesne,^ with
96
16 June 1758
all the rivers and roads which lead there, entering into the smallest
details on the nature of the ground which is said to be mountainous
everywhere except along the Monongahela,^ but it is passable almost
the whole way.
He said that the polygon which faces the river is still only a very
high stockade, the land being very steep on that side. He was obliged
to climb into a tree to get a true idea of it.
I have promised them presents on their return from the expedition,
and what is now necessary for them to march in the field.
They have left entirely to me the care of two of their people who have
the small pox, and who are remaining here where I am giving them all the
care possible. This trifle is for them the greatest mark of confidence;
and I foresee good results in regard to the promises they have made.
I am not familiar enough with their manners and customs to be sure
that they will do all they have promised, but I believe so because of
such good signs.
In that case, I think that we will have enough of them. With those
who are following Col. Bird,^ we can count on more than 200; that
number certainly would be preferable to 500 rogues who do nothing
but filch our presents without rendering any service.
I must give justice to Bosomworth. It is to him principally that this
success is due. The 29 warriors that he brought back from Winchester
convinced all the rest.
They are being equipped today, and they will join me tomorrow at
Fort Littleton; from where I shall go forward.
Until I have seen with my own eyes the road and the difficulties that
we may encounter, I can no longer fix the days; I have been too often
deceived by the reports of others. I shall not lose a moment uselessly,
and shall inform you of every step that I take.
The Americans will remain here until they receive your orders.
I was obliged for want of rice to make another temporary ruling con-
cerning the rations, which I consider the best, as it will save much
carting.
* 8# Beef or 5^ Pork.
7# Flour
1 Pint Rice or in lieu 1# more flour.
I have the honor of your last*® of June 10th,® and I am ashamed that
we have done so little work during the time that you have moved
mountains.
16 June 1758
97
I am leaving Lieut. Basset here with tools in case you order the com-
munication opened from Fort Frederic to Cumberland, supposing, how-
ever, that before deciding you will want to know what kind of roads
I shall find in the direction of Reas Town.
If you need an officer suitable for all purposes, allow me to recommend
Major Grant."
You will need a larger number of wagons than you had estimated.
Experience, which is superior to all reasoning, makes me see every day
that some lose their horses while out grazing, and others are wrecked.
A part did not have the strength to climb the mountains, and you can
expect one out of ten horses in each convoy to be out of service.
When I went to Conegogech, several wagoners from Martdand and
Virginia came to offer me their services. Governor Sharpe told me also
that he could procure several of them. I informed Mr. Hoops who
continues to run night and day to collect them.
The Catawbas being our friends at all times, I am sending Captain
Bullen, one of their chiefs, to try to bring another company. He will be
able to join us in a month.
I have the honor to be.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet.
^ Bouquet's Speech to the Cherokees and Catawbas, c. June 16, which see.
"Fort Duquesne was erected in 1754, at the forks of the Ohio, by a French expedi-
tionary force under the command of Pierre Claude de Contrecoeur, following the
capture of Trent's partially completed British fort.
®The Monongahela River unites with the Allegheny at Pittsburgh, to form the Ohio.
* Col. William Byrd.
^ English in the original, between the asterisks.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, June 10.
’Major James Grant (1720-1806), commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th Regi-
ment.
98 C. 16 June 1758
BOUQUET: SPEECH TO CHEROKEE AND CATAWBA INDIANS
[B. M., Add. MSS, 216S5, f. 277, A. Df.]
Heads of the Speech to he given to the Head Warriors
of the Cherokees and Catawba.
I have desired this Solemn Council [of]t with the great Men of [your
nation]t the Cherokees and Catawba Nations to Settle w'^^ [them]t
you Several Points of the utmost Importance for our Expedition, but
before I introduce those matters, I must express you my Satisfaction in
meeting w*^*' So many vaillant Warriors, and Wise men united [to us]t
as closely w**^ us as the Branches of the Same Tree;
Your friendship is as dear to us as the heat of the Sun in the Spring.
[Your Si]t Our Hearts are full of Joy when we See [your]t our good
Brethern and our faithful allies [Our common advantages and Interests]!
Let [us]t Every day strengthen [every dayjt the ties of Our union:
[So in and pass up shall not]t that it may transmitted without inter-
ruption to our Children and [thejt their [children ofjt Childrens chil-
dren for ever.
Brethren
In the War talk [which wasjt delivered to you in Winchester by this
captain He [exposed]! laid before you the Causes of this Just War
[that]! against our common Ennemies the Erench, That haughty, am-
bitious and cruel People is not Satisfied to have enslaved all the free
Indians to the West, [pushed]! but Still influenced by their Spirit of
Dominion, and injustice [wanted to]! they [intend to]! incroach
[till]! upon our land [take your lands and our lands, deprive us of our
lands from & of our lives your lives and our lives]! and what is dearer
to [us as]! a free people, [they intend]! they would to deprive us of
our Liberty and [to]! reduce us to the Same State of Slavery in which
they are born and will die.
[They are]! That Rapacious Nation is already in Possession of all the
[Waters]! Lakes [posts]! and Rivers and of the best hunting Country
but it is not enough yet for them, they [will]! would Sweep us from
the Earth, and [push]! drown us at once in the Waters of the great
Lake: If you consider that they are in posesion of all the back Parts
of our Settlemts and are buildings forts on every Rivers And even lately
upon Tanasa River^ You will unify
Such you know are [certainly]! the Views of the French, but we are
men and a free People, [we]! they will not find it easy to crush us, and
if we exert ourselves to the utmost of our [Capacity]! Power, we Shall
not only repell their [insolences]! incroachment, but easily make fall
t Stricken out.
99
C. 16 June 1758
upon their own Heads the mischief they intended us, and tie their necks
with the [samejt Chains that they were preparing for us.
Our good Father the great King George- always careful of the Safety
of his Children has Sent 3/ great armies^ [and runnersjt to this Continent,
his fleets covers the Waters of the great Lake, and all those forces have
his orders to act together for the destruction of his Ennemies: One
[Expedition is]t of his Generals has actually [ marched ]t attacked with
An Army and a large Fleet [against]! Louisbourg a Capital French Fort
to the North East another General is marched towards Crown Point to
the North, and we are now preparing to attack them on the West.
Brethren
We have to act against an [powerfulljt active Ennemy, Supported
by revolted Indians. We must not behave rashl}^, but act w”' Prudence
and Caution.
That great and Experienced Warrior GeN Forbes whom the great
King as apointed to command us is a wise man, [and]t who has seen
many great Wars, and has [several Times]! already [beat]! defeated
the French in their own Countr}^; he will not march against them untill
he has collected together all his forces; he is now [preparing]! coming
to join us with his mighty Engines of War, Great Guns, and Ammuni-
tions, to destroy and level to the Ground, the[se]! Forts [build]! erected
by our Ennemy, [as Standing having to]! to [enslave]! upon our Lands
[Proofs of his Triumphs and of our Weakeness Strength to Secure the
lands they have Stolen from us.]t
He is also constantly employed in providing the necessaries for 3mu,
he has already Sent jmu presents to Supph’' your present Wants, but
[he rewa]! as we are going to War [&]! and must have no Incumbrance
& nothing to carry [but]! excepting our arms, he prepares large Presents
for 5mu, which you Shall receive after the Campaign as a Reward for
your good Services, and a Signal Mark of King George friend Ship for you.
The difficulty of providing these Goods Intended for 3mu, and to pre-
pare & carr3^ at Such distances the Victuals and necessaries for the great
Expedition; [m must]! requires time, none will be lost, And our General
has ordered me to come to you with Some of our Warriors to give 3'ou
this talk, [take one of 3mu]! and See if 3mu are well and desire you
will make your young Warriors Sensible of the necessity of [the]! Wait-
ing without Impatience that every thing be read3q In the meantime we
will not be Idle, we shall build a Fort at the Crossing of Juniata for the
Security of our Provisions, [and get]! Ammunitions, and another at
Reas Town.
t Stricken out.
100
C. 16 June 1758
I expect that you will direct your young Warriors to concurr w*’’ us,
in the Execution of the orders I have received from our General: There-
fore it will he necessary to divide ourselves in Several Corps: [Some
of you near Shippensburg nearlt Fort Loudown, Fort Littleton, and the
crossing of the Juniata
[From these Corps ]t
And as it is of the utmost importance for the Success of our arms,
that we may be informed of the Strength of our Ennemys, and of the
measures they take to oppose us; I desire of you to detach frequent
Partys [from the your different Corps]+ With Directions to use all their
[utm]t Endeavours to get one or more french Prisoners. Besides the
glory attending Such important Service an ample Reward will be given
to the Warriors who will bring him
You will carry into your [Vifes Old men to your Vifes and to your
Children]! Country the Scalps of our Ennemies and these marks of the
great King’s favour; Your old men will See that you have not degenerated
of the [and old]t known Virtue and Courage of your Fathers, your Vifes
will rejoice to See the Glory of your nation further extended by their
Husbands; and your Children will [Suck with the milk that the and hear
the wisdom of their fathers the Courage andjt be taught from the
cradle how to destroy a faithless Ennemy and be true to their friends.
[Marginal note] Speech to Indians
[In Bouquet’s handzvriting, on back of docziment]
8 Beef & Pork
[8]t7 flour
Vz Rice or 1 flour
80 Windots
27 Catawba
70 Cherrokees
18 at Cumber
29 by Cap'^ Bosfomworth]
100 224
30
1 Stricken out.
^Tennessee River, southern tributary of the Ohio.
"George II, King of England, 1727-1760.
^ Sir Jeffery Amherst and Admiral Edward Boscawen combined land forces and fleet
against Louisburg. Gen. James Abercromby was in command of the campaign against
Crown Point and Ticonderoga. Gen. John Forbes commanded the expedition against
Fort Duquesne.
C. 16 June 1758
SPEECH TO INDIANS
[B, M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 276, Df.]
101
[no date]
Brethren
As long as we Shall be united as one solid Stand we Shall chace our
Ennemys before us, as the Wind blows the dry leaves of the Trees,
1st us therefore Shut our Ears to all bad Talks, [and]t Jalousies and
disafation. We are your brothren and we have all the Same Eather the
Great King, [our Ennemies are your Ennemies we]t we will take care of
you, and supply you w*^ every thing we have, that can be of Service
to you.
Let Our friendship [of]t run forever as clear St Smooth as the Water
of the Ohio, [and let us never Suffer any the Water of a Black Creek to
fall in mix with ours: Water]!
Brothren
I Shall now leave you [at Liberty]! to consult amongst yourselves,
and consider the things I have told you.
That our friendship [for you be]! Remains unshaked
2. That you will tell your young Warriors to wait [for]! w*^** Pa-
tience, untill everything is ready for the Expedition
3. That you will concurr w'**' we in the necessary measures for our
Expedition, and give me your advice
4. That [the]! Presents [intended for you]! are to be delivered to
you after the Expedition
Some of your People who called themselves Warriors have left us to go
home, they could Stay no longer without seeing the Wife. [They were
come only to get presents and not to fight. We are They]! How w’ill
[not]! they dare to Shew their faces before you in the great Council of
your Nation. [When and they will be ashamed to]! after this shamefull
retreat I am not Sorry they are gone: We have strength Sufficient w^**
your assistance to destroy the Erench. They [intend]! were come only
to get Presents, but we are come to fight for [Glory]! our Liberty and
glory of our Nations.
* This may be a part of the preceding Speech,
t Stricken out.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Eort Loudoun, c. June 16, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Ourry in his to Bouquet, June 19. The letter ap-
parently asked for tools to be forwarded, also requested Ourry to send up more oats.
Bouquet may have asked for money, as Ourrj' sent /ISO by Capt. Gordon.
102
16 June 1758
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 42, A. Df. S.]*
Fort Loudoun 16^'^ June 1758
Dear Sir
I intended to Send this Express to you yesterday, but have been de-
tained all this time by Intrigues, & Councils with our dear Brethren.
Our Pains have not been fruitless, & I have the Satisfaction to acquaint
you that besides the 27 Catawbas,^ we have here 100 Cherokees de-
termined to go w“' us anywhere, and bound to follow all Such directions
as they receive from the Commanding Officer. I never Saw People So
much altered; They have lefft to me the care of their Sick, they trust
our Promises for Presents, and take only with them, what they really
want to go to War.
I wish you had been here to hear their Speeches, I was amazed to
See So much of true understanding, dignity, and Strength of argument
in their Propositions; I am not [Enough]! Sufficiently acquainted w-^
their manners & Customs to judge how much we can depend upon their
Sincerity, or their steadiness, but I never Saw better appearances.
I write^ two Words to the Gene? and Set out immediately for Littleton;
The Catawba insist upon their going w?*^ me; The rest will follow to
morrow.
Be So good as to Send me 20 Covers, for Waggons, Several of ours,
having none at all besides that we want Some to make Shades® for our
Provisions having not Sufficient Cover in our Ports.
We shall want about 100 Hogsheads of Rum and Whiskey for the
Expedition. IVP Hoops will give you an Acc^ of the number of Hogsheads
already bought; The Remainder must be sent in Quarter Casks.
The flour must be Sent from Littleton and even from Loudoun in
Baggs.
We have no Rice, or Oats, and want both
Send us also Some Carrying Saddles, & believe me
Dear Sir,
Your most obed? & Hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
Sir John S*^ Clair Bart
[Endorsed] Col: Bouquet to Sir J. S*^ clalr P Loud“ June 16*^
* Original not found,
t Stricken out.
’^Capt. Johnny Bullen’s Indians.
“ Bouquet to Forbes, June 16, which see.
° Dial. English for “sheds.”
103
16 June 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 63, A. L. S.]*
[Philadelphia, June 16, 1758]
Sir
As our Store ship is now Arrived, there is Nothing that can [now]t
hinder us from proceeding but the defection of the Cherokees, bad Roads,
and our Waggons, I have Contracted here for 120; Eighty of which are
already gone up to Carlisle with our Stores and the rest shall follow
directly, and the beginning of next week I hope to sett out myself, as
I find I must absolutely see every thing sett out before I can stirr from
this.
I send of to morrow 1000 Stand of our new arms, and 200 more tents,
which I hope will be more than wee will have occasion for in that way.
I suppose you have sent your orders^ to make all the provincialls (not
immediatly employed) to assemble and encamp at Carlisle, where wee
must make some regulations among them. The troops of this province
are 3 Reg^®^ each Reg^ to Consist of 16 Companys.
As to the roads, I can say nothing, only I was advised by every one
to go By Raes town, I shall be sorry if it proves impracticable — But I
send of M"" Hess^ and Dudgeon'^ a new Engineer from England to
assist you — and if 3mu think proper, I wish the road on the other side
of the Allegany mountain was reconnoitred, so as to form a judgment
whether wee can go that way or not. I have agreed with one man, for
all our Artillery horses and he has already purchased 90. I am to provide
him Drivers at Carlisle from among the provincialls.
Governour Glen® is so kind as to undertake a journey up to visit the
Cherokees, and to endeavour at persuading them to remain some time
longer w*^ us. I wish heartily he may succeed in his very kind endeavours,
he has had great dealings with them so hope he will, if he does not, wee
have done all in our power.
Gov'' Dobbs® of North Carolina has without orders sent by sea two
hundred men to Alexandria in Virginia and has ordered 100 more to
march by land to Winchester, so send orders to S''' John to gett them
provisions and to march them up to Carlisle, or anj^ other place you think
more proper.
I am in hopes of bringing about a treaty with the Delawares &c by
which wee may gett them to make their Brethren abandonn the Ohio,
so let your Scouting partys keep to the West of the Susquehanah, and
not to meddle with our friendly Delawares, For which you will fix upon
flags or marks'’' of Distinction which ought to be made known to all
Concern’d Hoops told me you was only to Contract for 120 Waggons,
but I fancy it must be for two hundred and forty, which with the 120
from this will make 360 m all and that I think will be sufficient
+ Stricken out.
104
16 June 1758
I beg you will gett some brisk Officers among the provincialls to try
some scouting partys out to the Ohio at different places, at or near
the same time and pretty strong partys [suffjt with a good many Indians
along with them, in order to gett Intelligence or prisoners, my last in-
telligence was that the french there were in want of provisions as well
as the Indians, that they had not been relievd this year from Canada, nor
had they gott many Indians that way at present, at least no new
Acquisitions. And that the Indians at Loggs town® were at present
disoblidged at the French and were removing their wives and Children
up to the Lakes among the Senecas.
I am quite tyred writing so Conclude
D'’ S*"
Y"" most Ob^ & very hum'® Serv*
Philadelphia June 16*“ ^
CoP Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] from Gen' Forbes 16*“ June
Answered the 2P* Kept No Copy
[Addressed] on His Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet Commanding
the Forces at Carlisle or Elsewhere
In his Absence to the care of the Command® Officer to be
forwarded to him
J Forbes
[In different handwriting]
[The 40 Waggons destind for this Service shall be sent to Philadelphia
according to the orders I received from Major Halkett. I have been
this day loading them so they shall be unloaded if you want anything
I can not help it]t
Rec'' at 7 Sunday Evening forwarded immediately by
John S* Clair
* Printed in Janies, Writings of General John Forbes, 115-116.
t Stricken out.
^ See Armstrong to Bouquet, June 12.
■ Three battalions. The first commanded by Col. John Armstrong, the second by
Col. James Burd, the third by Col. Hugh Mercer.
® Lieut. Emanuel Hess.
* Capt. Richard Dudgeon.
® Ex-governor James Glen.
‘’Arthur Dobbs (1689-1765), colonial governor of North Carolina. Consult DNB.
’Yellow shalloon for this purpose was included in Bouquet’s list of articles needed,
June 3, which see.
® Logstown or Chiningue, also known as Shenango. A former Indian village and im-
portant trading center, also place of council, on or near present site of Ambridge,
Beaver County, Penna. Its importance declined after the fall of Fort Duquesne.
105
17 June 1758
BULLITT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 123, A. L. S.]
[Carlisle, June 17, 1758]
Sir
I am Sorry to Inform you that the Road I am Clearing will Lake
almost as Much work as to Open one through the Woods rendered so
from the Number of Trees fell on it we are Informd that [the Whole
Roadlt it is in the same Order to Rays Town if so I do not think it
possible to Get Farther than on the Sydleing Hill to Morrow as we have
Severall Bridges to raise, this I thought Indispensibly my Duty to
[Inform you of]t Acquaint you with for fear of Disappointments in
you[r] dispo[si]tion of Marches, pray Excuse Incorrectness as I am
in a Hurry yours
Your Obed- Humble Serv3
Tho'* Bullitt^
June 17»' 1758.
To CoB Boquet
NB the Guid M"" Nicols- Can particularly Inform you as to that part
of the road he hath bin on.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Cap- Bullets D*** June
t Stricken out.
^Capt. Thomas Bullitt of the First Virginia Regiment, commissioned as lieutenant
in 1757, later promoted to rank of captain.
^ Not identified.
HOOPS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 126, L. S.]
Carlisle June 17 1758
Hon'^ Sir
Your fav^ of the Ins‘^ I Rece*^ on my Return from Philadelphia
which I Compleated in two Days, I have the pleasure to inform you
that two Store Ships are arrived.
the artillery men & every thing we wanted is come But the general
is very uneasy for Want of Carriages he has only got 75 Waggons from
about Philadelphia.
We have been Verry Successful! in Lancaster & York County we have
170 Waggons Contracted for Exclusive of Berks County it’s Said there
is Sixty there But I have had no Certain Acc^
I’m afraid y3 there is a good Many of the Horses indifferent & am
apprehensive the farmers has kept the Best at home which is Not agree-
able to Contract.
106
17 June 1758
Sir John S* Clair tells me he has Engaged the Waggons of Maryland
& Virginia I have given orders to Price- to Contract for all the Waggons
y- Comes I have Sent of 34 Waggons this Day 10 of is Loaded With
Rice 2 with 100 Bushels of Oats two with 10 Barrels Whisky the remainder
with flour Chiefly in Baggs & 20 waggon Cloths.
I Will Send of thirteen more tomorrow & all the Salt I Can get.
I had the Pleasure of meeting Esquire Kilby® in Philadelphia to my
great Satisfaction he came to town about ten hours after I arrived.
He has removed all my Doubts & I hope every thing Will now go on
well he very generously told me I Should not be at any loss about the
Pork Pie will Settle the Rations with the general and till then it is Verry
agreeable to me to Stand the way you have Settled it with Mt Clark.^
Sir John has sent to Wrights® for Indian Corn Which I will forward
with all Expedition.
I Shall Observe S^ Johns Directions w-’* Respect to the Liq^ I gree with
you y- the Waggon masters are Verry Raw Dead & lifless they give me
a great Deal of trouble & how to get Better I do not know I have Pur-
chased 400 Barrels of good Pork in Philadelphia likewise has Bought
200 fine Bullocks [on my way Coming]! which will be soon up.
there is Salt prepared & Bisket.
Nothing Can give me more Pleasure y“ to know M?" Clark is agreeable
to you and I Return you my hearty thanks for all y^" good Wishes and
I Should wish my self alongst with you I Shall Be Still ready to execute
with the greatest Expedition Such orders as you are pleased to give
me from time to time. I’m With the greatest Respect
S'-
Y? Most Ser^
[Adam Hoops]!
Ad'^' Hoops
for News I Referr you to the New York paper I gave Sir John to Send to
you twenty five waggons is this minute Arrived here from Berks County
under the care of John Elisha waggon master which I will load of to mor-
row & five more is a following
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] M^ Hoops 17-’' June
Answered 22'^ d°®
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
^ Capt. Thomas Price.
^Christopher Kilby of London, contractor for provisions for the British troops,
1757-1758.
^ Daniel Clark.
® Probably Capt. John Wright, at Wright’s Ferry on the cast bank of the Susquehanna,
at the present site of Columbia, Lancaster County, Penna.
° Answer not found.
107
17 June 1758
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 12S, A. L. S.]
Carlisle 17-'' June 1758.
Dear Sir
I have the pleasure of t^ours of the IT"^ & 15^’' Ins*^ your Sword is come
to hand, of which I shall take proper Care, and also of the Tent when
deliver’d, the Rats are very prejudicial to us here also, yet not so bad
as at Fort Loudon.
The 32 Tents, and 55 Arms yet wanting to Compleat my Battalion
shall be Sent off this evening except Sir John Shou’d interpose which I
hope he won’t; the residue of Blankets wanted, I cannot Send, before a
quantity is Sent up from Philadelphia, they are an Article greatly wanted
here to the New rais’d Troops, & none in Store to distribute. I’m ex-
treamly pleas’d at the prospect you have of Carrying with you the 126
Indians, and persuaded your presence with them will contribute much
to the publick good at this Critical conjuncture, we had by Sir John’s
Acc-® almost lost any hopes of good from them, the Draughts for the
Light Horse & Compleating Co' Burd’s & my Bat" must be made, before
this is done I doubt I shan’t have the pleasure of Seeing you, (as the
General Seems in his Letters to Stick me down faster and faster) but
the General is come now to agree that the Ranging Companys will be
draughted with least risque, and most advantage. Out of the three Regi-
ments after they are form’d, the Store Ship from England is certainly
arriv’d at Philadelphia & Sir John Incloses you the late News paper, the
light Horses wou’d have been Mounted long agoe, only that Sundry of
the Companys did not appear at Lancaster and those whome I did
Draught cou’d not for want of Sundry Conveniences move up any Sooner
than the Companys to which they belong’d, so that it will be the End of
Next week before that duty can be finish’d and even then with dispro-
portion to the Companys. the three Companys of the lower Countys
are now here, and four belonging to this Province, the York Companys
and One or two more, I expect on Munday next. I have not One of the
Strays that was brought in, nor have I seen any of them, but Shall Send
you One of the first I can lay my hands upon. I intended taking the
liberty of Offering you a few thoughts upon the Subject of reconoltreing
the piece of unknown Road,- but am really so perplex’d that at present
I dare not attempt it. God give you Success protection & Skill. Sir Allen^
& I was appointed to have gone hand in hand here. Sir John is now come
which may alter Sundry things, and I think will hasten the General to
Carlisle. Loyd^ is never come here yet, Cap^ Hamilton® I hear nothing
of. M^^ Anderson® is appointed to the Light Horse, M? Dehaus,'^ Adjutant
108
17 June 1758
to my Batt" we need an Adjutant extreamly to the New Levys, when
M'' Anderson comes down he may perhaps Assist a few days.
I am Sir with Sincere regard and Esteeme
Your Most Obedient Humble Serv?
John Armstrong
Colonel Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Armstrong 17"’ June
’Neither letter found.
‘The route beyond the Allegheny Mountain. See Bouquet to Forbes, June 21.
® Sir Allan MacLean.
’ Lieut. Col. Thomas Lloyd.
Probably Lieut. Col. Hance Hamilton.
° Lieut. Robert Anderson, commissioned, .April 20, 1758, in the Light Horse troop of
the first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
‘John Philip de Haas, commissioned as adjutant, April 30. 1758, in the first battalion
of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
LLOYD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 124, A. L. S.l
[Lancaster, June 17, 1758]
Sir.
it is with the most sensible Grief and Surprize I have heard of the
Complaint^ of my People to you for Want of their Pay and their refusal
to march on that Account a Conduct which has no Foundation in Justice
or Truth, & expressive at the same Time of the highest Ingratitude. [I]
shall not engage your Time & Attention with the Recital of my Affairs
or it woud be easy for me to prove the Falsehood & Absurdity of such a
Charge. I shall only beg Leave to mention that the Hurry & Nature of
my Business in coming down to this Place woud not admit of as long a
Stay at Harris’s as was necessary to settle the Alultiplicity of my Com-
panys Accounts, that I offer’d them Aloney at that Time with Assurances
to pay them all off at my Return from Lancaster with which they ex-
press'^ great Satisfaction & Content, and that by Virtue of their Orders,
I have paid in Philad” to the Wives and Creditors, the Ballance due to
many of them and finally that I am ready to settle their Accounts under
the Inspection of the severest Judges, as soon as I have executed the
Commands of Governor Denny I shall Tomorrow Morning sett off for
Shippensburgh and give them the Pay which they have which they have
so illy [earnd] and so unfairly demanded with a full resolution never
to have any further Connections with them, in the mean Time I hope
109
17 June 1758
you will do me the Justice to beleive that I have [as]t little deservd such
Treatment & that I am with the greatest Respect possible
Sir
Your most obedient & very humble Serv^
T L[l]oyd.-
Lancaster June 17-'^ 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handu’riting] Major Loyd 17*'“ June
^ See Billings to Bouquet, June 28.
“Major Thomas Lloyd was advanced, May 30, 1758, to rank of lieutenant colonel
in the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 23, A. L. S.]
Carlisle June 17*'“ 1758
Dear Sir
I received both your Letters,* the last of yesterda3's date, and have
forwarded the Letter- jmu inclosed to the General, the one Express which
brought your last having return’d without any letter from me. I shall
endeavour to supply all your wants as well as I am able, have sent up
to Garrison fort Lyttleon one Company of Highlanders. I cou’d not
send up any provincials, for detatchmg them before they are formed
wou'd only serve to augment the disorder that reigns amongst them to
so great a degree. S* Allan M‘“Lean has sent up to fort Augusta^ 100 Men
of the New Levies,* but no orders for the old garrison" to return. Tell
me what I am to do.^ I wou’d not have hesitated one moment of calling
down 100 of Burds men that are there & leaving 50 of the worst, but I
am told that I cannot get 50 Men of Burds fit for Service.
If I may be allowed to judge of his people from those he sent for the
light Horse they are very bad. I shall send up these men in the troop
that comes up to you, that jmu ma\^ put beter in their places. I give you
joj" of the Arrival® of y® Artiller\^ & Stores from England, A Packett is
arrived at N York I send you the papers where \’ou'll find everv thing
I know.
I have a Letter from M'' Com7 Walker" who undertakes to furnish the
Virginians on their March & two Weeks after fthe}- leave ]+ at fort Cum-
t Stricken out.
no
18 June 1758
berland. I have put the Letter in Mr Hoops hand, that he may obviate
any difficultys he may make. I am
Sir
Your most obedient and most humble Servant
John S^ Clair
To Col- Bouquet.
\Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John l?-*^ Jane
letter from Bouquet, June 5, was acknowledged by St. Clair, but not found. The
next recorded letter was that of June 16, which see.
^See Bouquet to Forbes, June 16.
“Fort Augusta, Penna.
'‘A Return of various troops by Major Joseph Shippen on July 9 is printed in Pa.
Arch., Series 5, I, 241, and lists a garrison of 197, with additional officers. These were
presumably Capt. John Montgomery, Lieut. Cromwell Pierce, a Lieut. Cunningham,
and Ens. George Ashton, Jr., all from the New Levies.
“A Return of the Augusta garrison, June 2, is printed in Pa. Arch., Series 5, I,
200. The garrison totalled 121, under the command of Capt. Levi Trump, who
was commissioned, December, 1757, in the second battalion of the Pennsylvania
R^'^iment.
“See Fotbes to Bouquet, June 16.
’ Dr. Thomas Walker. Letter not found.
BOSOMWORTH TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 11, A. L. S.]
[Fort Loudoun, June 18, 1758]
Dear Sir/
I rec'? your Favor’^ & can assure you have not had a moment to myself
since you left us Two Parties of the Warriors I brought from Win-
chester have marched this morning & will join you at Lyttleton to night,
those who came from Carlisle I shall send off with M‘^Kee^ this evening if
possible if not to morrow morning. I have taken Care to accomplish the
Grand Point which was to Lodge all the Goods allotted them in the
Stores here till their Return; This with great Pains and Persuasion I
have effected & is undoubtedly the strongest Tye we can possibly have
upon them When I have seen all the Indians off & Settled & Regulated
the Stores with Capt“ Trent shall proceed immediately to Lyttleton.^ I
19 June 1758 111
have Communicated your letter to Lieu^ Ourry & shall write to S'" Jn^
S- Clair for the Oats k am
Sir
Your most Obed^ Hble Serv^
[A.] Bosomworth
Fort Loudoun 18-** June 1758.
Col“ Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Cap- Bosomworth 18-^ June
^ Letter not found. Apparently it was received after Bosomworth’s letter to Bouquet
was written, June 16, which see.
^ Capt. Thomas McKee was serving as Indian agent and assistant to George Croghan
in 1758.
“ Capt. Bosomworth arrived at Juniata, June 22. See Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, of
that date.
CRESAPi TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 25, A. L. S.]*
[Old Town, June 19, 1758]
as there Came heare 5 waggons with Loads and there being No ofecer
heare I Receved into my Store the Lods as pr Recept to gather with 1
Cask & 1 Dozn of Sadels Not menchond in there bill of Laden
thay Came in James Nailors Wagin I Came from ould town^ as yester-
da[y] and met Cap* Shelby^ on the Road & about 3 miles on this Sid
found Georg m^Swane^ Kild & Scalpt in the Road and Last tusday or
Wedensday there was 4 Indians atackt a party of thirty or forty men on
the Rode about half a mile on this Side of fort Cumberland & Kild tow
and wounded tow more I Shall Send the Leters Emeadeatly to governer
Sharp the waginers brings 9 Chistes of arms & tow other boxes with
hathets in) pleas to Excus this in hast & want of paper from
S^
Your Humbel Servant To Command
Tho® Cresap
June y" 19*'* 1758
P S S’' there Can be a good Road found and Cleard with a Litel trubel
in 2 weks at most
[Addressed] To Sir John St. Clear at Carlisle
* Enclosed with St. Clair’s letter to Bouquet, June 22.
Col. Thomas Cresap emigrated from Yorkshire, England, and settled at Old Town,
Md. He was appointed Indian agent for Maryland, and was a member of the Ohio
Company. Consult DAB.
^ Old Town was on the Mar>dand side of the Potomac River, in Allegheny County.
“ Capt. Evan Shelby, of the Maryland troops.
‘ Not identified.
112
Sir
19 June 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 66, A. L. S.]*
Philad: June 19-’^ [1758]
I have yours of the 14**‘^ from Fort Loudoun and I am sorry^ that you are
oblidged to change our Route, and shall be glad to find the road pro-
posed by Gov'' Sharp practicable, in which case I should think it ought
to be sett about immediatly and should be glad that M' Sharp would
oversee the execution, as S'' John will have business enough at Carlisle.
M' Kilby" the Contractor writes by^ this Messenger to Govt Sharp, to
make up the provision Acco**® that D' Ross- furnished to the Marydand
troops, and Indians, and I have orderd M' Kilby to pay them. As to the
Hospitall and transport of provisions for those troops, I can give a war-
rant for that, when I come up the Country, And as their by past and
present pay is to be thought off, I hope some Expedient may be found to
Content them, reserving to ourselves a Claim upon the province for
any^ moneys paid to them.
I shall by to miorrow’s waggons send up 28 Dozen of powder Horns to
Carlisle to be disposed of as ymu shall direct, and shall send 20 Doz: more
by" the end of the week.
I hope to gett all our Artillery and Stores from on board the Ships by
Wednesday or thursday at farthest, and as I send of what is necessary
for us dayly, as it lands, hope to gett every thing out of this town by the
end of the week.
I should have been up with you my-self before this time, but I find I
must not leave any thing here undone
I expect Gov' GleiA will be at Carlisle to morrow night. I hope he
will have some Infiuence with the Cherokees who remain, and by dis-
patching Messengers to the little Carpenter, may induce him to come and
join us. For which reason I could wish that M' Glen and you mett, in
order to concert what is best to be done.
I suppose you will reconnoitre the road across the Allegany mountains
from Raes town and if found impracticable, that the Fort Cumberland
Garrison, should open the old road forward towards the Crossing of the
Yohagani.^
They tell me there are some good brisk Officers in Armstrongs and
Burds Reg*®, could not they be sent upon the Scout for Intelligence
while the Army assembles, and the roads are made.
113
19 June 1758
One Express is this moment come in with your letter^ from Fort Lou-
doun of the 16-’^ I can not tell you how much I think my self, and the
publick are oblidged to you, for your extream care and diligence in carry-
ing on the service, which must be both very troublesome and disagreeable,
considering the many obstacles you have to surmount and the Inexperi-
ence of the troops under your Command.
I give 3mu joj' of ^mur good Success with the Cherokees, and am of
your opinion that 200 of them flrmty attached to us, is better than three
times the number wavering and unruly.
I find wee must take nothing by report in this country, for there are
many who have their own designs in representing things. So I am glad
you have proceeded to Raes town, when \mu will be able to judge of the
roads, and act accordingly^
As IVE Kilby is here, I will settle the rations but Gen” Abercromby has
fixed upon one pound of fresh beef, and one pound of Flour, to be a Suffi-
cient ration.
I shall send up some Rumm, and FIoops has said he can gett Whiskey.
Let there be no stop putt to the roads as that is our princlpall Care
at present.
I approve of your licence® to Sutlers & Alerch-® with which they must
Comply.
I am quite ty-red so bid ymu farewell being sincerely^
Yr Most ob^ & very" humd'^ Ser*
Jo Forbes
Col: Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] from General Forbes June 19*^^
Answered^ the
{Addressed] For CoF Bouquet
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 121-122.
^Bouquet to Forbes, June 14, which see.
^ Dr. David Ross.
° Ex-governor James Glen.
‘The Great Crossing of the Youghiogheny.
^ Bouquet to Forbes, June 16, which see.
° See Form for Sutlers’ Licenses, which follows.
’ Letter answ'ered June 28, which see.
114
C. 19 June 1758
FORM FOR SUTTLERS’ LICENSES^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 76, D,]
[c. June 19, 1758]
By Henry Bouquet Esq'' Colonel in the Royal American Regiment, &
Commanding His Majesty’s Forces at
To
Whereas it is for the good of His Majesty’s Service that a certain number
of well regulated Merchants & Suttlers, be allowed to follow the Army on
the Western Expedition.
This is, therefore, to permit you to attend the Said Troops for this
Campaign, to furnish them with Dry Goods & Liquors, under Such Orders
& Regulations as shall be issued from time to time by the General or
Commander in Chief for the time being. And you are hereby forbid to
sell or give, or knowingly Suffer to be sold or given, any kind of Spirits
or other Strong Liquors to any Indians, on any pretence whatever. And
no Soldier, or Woman belonging to the Army, is to have any Spirits or
other Strong Liquors from you, without Leave in writing from the Com-
manding Officer of the Regiment they belong to. On pain of your being
plunder’d & turn’d out of the Army. You are permitted to have with
you Waggons and Horses /maintaining them at your own Ex-
pence./ And you are to be Subject to Military Discipline so long as you
enjoy the benefit of this Licence.
Given under my Hand at the Day of 1758
[no signature]
J N. B. This License to be of force only ’till Gen- )
( Forbes joins the Army then to be renew’d. j
[Endorsed^ Licence for
'Sutlers’ licenses approved. See Forbes to Bouquet, June 19.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 65, A. L. S.]*
Sir
Philadelphia Monday 19'*' June 1758
In consiquence of a letter' from General Abercromby, to Brigadeer
General Forbes, accompanied with his order of the 29'*' of April last;
All Officers whatever, are to Receive but one Ration of Provisions pt day,
untill the day of their entring into Winter Quarters — And the order of
the 26'*' November 1757, for the allowance given in lieu of Provisions,
is suspended.
19 June 1758
115
This order is sent to the Commanding Officer- at Carlisle, to publish
unto the Troops there, as General Forbes desires that you will do, to the
Troops under your Command.
I am
Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Francis Halkett
Brigade Major
To Colonel Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} 19-^ June Brigade Major Hal-
ket[t] about Rations
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet to the Care of the Command" Officer
Carlisle
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 120-121.
^ Neither letter nor order found.
^ Sir Allan MacLean was in command at Carlisle, at this time. See Bouquet to Forbes,
June 3.
Sir
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 2, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun June y® 19^'^ 1758
I received the favour of Yours^ this Morn® & soon after, arrived here
Capt“ Gordon, going forward, by him I send you .^150 having but 50
now in my Hands, there is not one Waggon come here since you left us,
but I expect about 30 tomorrow; I have enquired, but cannot get certain
intelligence, w'hether they bring any Oats, if they do, shall forward them
directly. I have wrote to Mt Hoops, to send some up, & Cap3 Bosom-
worth has wrote to S'' John on the Same Subject. The Smith Tools shall
be forwarded pt first opportunity.
I am S' with Respect
Y' most humble & most Obedient Servant
L®- OuRRY
Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s h a tid writing] Lieut^ Ourry 19'*' June
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Pt favour of Cap* Gordon
' Not found.
116
20 June 1758
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Juniata, June 20, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by St. Clair in his to Bouquet, June 22. Bouquet
evidently gave an account of his progress at Juniata, and asked that the hundred men
which he left at Littleton should join him.
HUGH MERCER TO BOUQUET
[Fort Littleton, June 20, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Bouquet in his to Mercer, June 22. Mercer’s
letter evidently was in explanation of his remaining at Fort Littleton to forward the
convoys.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 29, A. Df.]*
[Juniata Camp, June 21, 1758]^
Reponse au General Sur Sa Lettre du 16® Juin-
1. Recue Sa Lettre, a la veille de mon depart^
2. Felicitation Sur le Store ship
3. Les Chariots, il verra par Ses Lettres que j’en ay jamais eu
ordre de contracter que pour 120 Chariots que nous aurons au
moins.
4. II en faudroit 400 au Service a la fois pour former les magasins
5. Le Chemin[s]t de Loudoun a Littleton apres un rude travail
[continual It a ete pres que entierement change, et est passable
[auja]t actuellml
6. Celuy de Littleton a la Juniatta est Si monteux qu’il ne Sera
16 Juin jamais bon, Et je Suis entierem^ convaincu qu’il Seroit plus
at expeditif et couteroit moins d’employer des Chev? de Bat
Loudoun depuis Littleton, et meme depuis Loudoun
Envoigy le calcul fonde Sur I’Experience Un Chariot ne peut aller en
moins d’un [deuxjt Jour et demi de Loudoun a Littleton, & deux Jours
de Littleton a la Juniata, ce qui fait [quandjt a [allerjt 25 Sh. par Jour
£3, et il ne porte que 1500tb 8 Chevaux de Bat porteront 1600ft et
feront ce [meme] Chemin Sans difficulte en deux Jours [a 2 Sh. chemin
par Jour ce qui ne fait que]t Et quoi qu’ils [Et ils]t fournissent la Selle
Ils ne coutera a 2 Sh par Jour que 32 Sh: Deplus ils n’exigent ni fourray
ni avoines on Sauveroit done la moitie du terns et la 7S de I’argent: Si
j’avois connu cet Chemins [plutot]t, je vous aurois propose a [toutjt
plutot ce Changem* Si Ton Se Sut des Chev? de Chariots [pouvoirjt cet
t Stricken out.
117
21 June 1758
usage les 4 couteront 15S. au lieu de 8. II n’y a presque point d’herbe
entre Littleton et la Juniatta. Les Chariots doiv* necessairem* porter
[la]t du fourage et de I’avoine Surcroit de depences &'? Je n’ecnray plus
en detail Sur ces Chev^' de Bat apres que Paniers ou [ . . . ] qui est
[an une en] encore.
Le peu de Connaissance qui Ton a de route cette Route m’a determine
a la faire lever Exactem^ et pour cela j’ay fait ecrire a M'' Basset dy
travailler Immediatem^ lui ayant assure des Escortes: Si v® avez besoin
d’un Ingenieur aupres de vous, Je v® prie de retenir Mt Dungeon ou
Hesse.
La Saison est trop avancee p*" Songer a savoir d’autre Communication.
Celle py pourra nous Suffire, Surtout Si Ton pouvoit avoir [avec]t des
Chevaux de Bat on ne pent envoyer [aucunjt le Party [en Campagnejt
un peu considerable Sans Provisions et il [fautjt ny a que des Chevaux
[pourjt de Bat qui puissent [terjt Porter.
[J’ay du former]! J’attens demain le Capt°® Callendar qui amene notre
Convoy, et lui demanderay la quantite de Chevaux qu’il peut entreprendre
de fournir, et pour ne point perdre de terns je I’authoriseray a en fournir
200 a la Condition que Si vous ne I’aproverees pas le marche Sera mil, [et
vous les contremandees a Carlisle]! ce que vous [Lign]! aures la Bonte
de Signifier a Carlisle a les personnes que le Cap"® Callendar m’indlquera
pour recevoir vos ordres.
II Sera toujours necessaire d’envoyer partir des Selles a Reas Town,
pour I’Executlon des vos ordres [q]! au Sujet des Partys.
J’ay du former provisionellem* un petit Etat Major pour faire le
Service. Sgavoir.
Un Major des Brigade Cap"® Stuart.'*
Un aide Ens"® De Haas
Un Commissaire p"" les stores L^ Lyon^
Un Inspecteur pour la Surete et la Conducteur des Bouef & Moutons
Lieut* Potter®
Un officer p" la distribution des Vivres L* Hutchins’^
Un Aide Quarter Maitre pour la direction des Bagages & les Ecritures
Lieut Gradon®
Pour commander I’artillerie Ens"® Heydeler**
Pour Waggon Maitre General Capt"® Callendar [Les Subalt]! J’ay
promis aux subalternes 2S 6d Pensylv: Curr: pendant qu’ils Seroient
employes, ce qui Se [ . . . ] passera Sur le Compte des [la Payer]!
Journes d’ouvriers;
t Stricken out.
118
21 June 1758
J’espere que vous approuveres cet Arrangem^ sans lequel je ne pouvois
remuer cette machine [Sauraijt que n’a point encore de mouvement
propre.
Le Capt”® Callendar Seroit rhome de I’Amerique le plus propre a
I’Employ que je lui fais exercer, [ . . . ]t il est egalem- utile [pourjt en
toute [millieursjt autre occasion par Son activite & la Connoissance qu’il
a du Pays, [quejt
De 73 Chariots que j’avais a Littleton il y en a eu 33 a reparer qui
ont ete brises ou mis hors d’Etat de marcher [par le Haute Cheminjt
depuis Fort Loudoun. [J’ayjt La plupart de ces Chariots Sont vieux,
et les Chevaux mauvais [Volonte eu ne peut vieux agentes a J’ay que le
mauvaisjt la mauvais [foy des Paysens qui Soit egardejt La
Mauvaise foy des [ Paysens ]t Fermiers, en egarde a leur mauvaise Volonte,
[Les Waggons maitresjt doivent [aussi avoir plus de la leursjt etre des
gens d’autorite. Ils craignent [tous de desobligerjt les honetes gens qui
Sont Sous leurs ordres, et plus Intelligens que ceux que j’ay.
N B Faute de Chariots, Je n’ay pu prendre que pour trois Semaines
[derniere]: J’attens dans peu de Jours un Convoy de 40 Chariots, mals
a moins que je ne regoive de I’avoine, Les Chevaux mourront de faim:
Permettes moy de repeter que je crois absolument necessaire d’abandonner
les trois quarts des Chariots, depuis Littleton, et d’en venir aux Chev^
de Bat, reformant Severem- le Bagage inutile depuis Reas Town:
Je suis arrive icy ce matin, [et]t et n’ay trouve que SVz Pied d’Eau
dans le Riviere: le Capt"® Gordon^® a trace une Stokade, pour contenir
100 homes Sans la Protection de laquelle les Chariots pous[ont] Camper a
pres Surem- car de les Infermer dans le fort, cela auroit exige un travail
trop considerable et le Terrein etant commande de tous cote, le Poste
n’auroit egalem- rien value Ceci Suffira pour la Surete du Detachm-
necessaire pour Escortes, et Soutenir la Communication.
J’y la feray 100 homes, [et marcherayjt apres [demain avec le Autre
pour Reas Town.jt 200 [homesjtsont marches aujourd’huiy pour couper
le Chemin devant nous, et le Col. Burd fait demain Matin avec 200 autres
pour prendre Poste a Reas Town ou je le Joindray apres demain avec le
reste, Si le Chemin est ouvert.
Des que j’auray ete deux Jours a Reas Town Je feray reconnoitre le
Chemin au dela des Allegheny par deux Partis, I’un qu’ira endroiture du
cote prepare au dessus des forks du Yiogany, et I’autre prendra a dioite
et tentere de trouver un Passage au travers du Lawrell Hill, [et eviter
par la beaucoup de Cheminjt L’avantage de cette derniere Route Seroit
t Stricken out.
119
21 June 1758
d’etre plus courte [et]t d’eviter routes les Rivieres, n’ayant que de petit
Creeks a traverser, et de donner le Changemt I’Ennemy [ne pour]t qui
ne nous attendroit naturellem- pas de ce Cote [la] et que meme S’il
vouloit opposer notre marche ne pourroit Scavoir ou [nousjt Se placer,
parceque nous couperions devant nous a mesure que nous avancerions:
Cap“® Callendar est I’homme a qui je confierai cette Comission, choisissant
pour I’autre Route un off,^^ Sur qui je Puisse Compter. La destination
de tons ce Partys ne Sera conniie que du Chef [et je] leur donneray des
Indiens.
[J’ay lus les Conversation les]t Le peu temoins que j’ay [aquires par
les Con]t tires des gens qui sont la plus au fait du Pays, m’ont fait
naitre quelques Idees que je vous communiquerai a Reas Town. Je
pousseray aussi [quel]t des Partis [Meles] d’Indiens du cote, de I’Ohio
et je ferai reconnoitre par Frank Town^^ le pretendu nouveau Fort de
Shingle Clamoushe, et Sur le Raport qui j’en auray, Je pourrois le faire
attaquer par un Coup de main. Pour cela [comme]t il me faut des
Chevaux de Bat et en attendant Je vous prie de m’envoyer une Partis
les Selles qui Sont a Carlisle, afin que Si [les Projetjt I’affaire etoit prati-
cable, je passe Sur le Champ y envoyer un Party avec les Chevaux de
Chariot.
[Que ce Co]t apres que ce Coup aura ete rente et non Auparavant,
Je crois qui nous devons avoir un gros Poste a Frank Town, pour bien des
Raisons [que je vous expl]t que Ton appergoit aisement et pour d’autres
que je vous proposerai.
Calcul
140
100
12
Chev? de Bat portent
[ . . . ] [Provision]!
farine pour 4000ft
20,000ft
48,000ft
100
200
200
140
Chevaux portent
68,000
20000
28000
12
210
1680
16
200
168
per Jour
20
42000
14
42. 0/00/30
320
1400
300
14,00
30
420000
42,000
t Stricken out.
120
21 June 1758
840 Chev? peuv^ porter 168,000tfe de farine
200
168,000 Provisions de[3 mais]t 6 Semaines et en
deux voyages pour 3 mois aux premier depot
au dela des Allegheny, et en partant
ils en portent pour 6 Semaines et en
laissent autant derriere 1400
42,000 360
12 4
504,000 1440
30
12
15
1800
360
5400
270
La viande doit etre des Boeufs, Porks vivans & moutons [Je vous prie
de peser]t 360 Chariots a 14,00tfe feront le meme Service a la fois [come
des] 1440 Chevaux Je vous prie de Peser d’un cote les risques de
[ ]t n’avoir avec Vous [que]t des vivres que pour 6 Semaines
et etre oblige de renvoyer tons les Chev? pour faire une Second Voyage
avec I’avantage d’avoir tout d’un Coup avec vous par le moyen des
Chariots pour 3 mois.
D’un cote vous marches Sans Embarrass & presque Sans coupe de
Chemin de I'autre vous aves une file immence, et vos fourages a porter
deves perdre bien du terns a chercher a faire des Chemins.
[Commejt Nous Sommes obliges d’aller en tatonant dans un Pays
Inconnus, et J’espere que vous ne trouveres pas mauvais que je vous
communique librem^ toutes les Idees qui passent dans ma tete, afin de
les aprecier: Vous etes fort detache des Prejuges de la Passe m’ [ . . . ]t
une autre [Ideejt [coutume] [et je Sa Suisjt C’est de faire des Indiens
d’une Parte de nos Soldats Provinciaux. Ils y Sont fort portes. La depense
n’est rien et je crois que I’avantage en Seroit tres reel.
II ne [leurjt faut que leur oter leurs habits et leurs culottes dont ils
Seront [Charmes] leur donner [des Sentourjt la Chaussure Indienne et
leur Blanket [et]t leur couper les Chevaux et les barbouillent de couleurs
en les melant avec les vrais Indiens II Seroit difficile a I’Ennemy de les
distinguer, et je crois que I’lmpression que ce nombre produiroit [lesjt
ne nous Seroit pas inutile.
[no signature]
[TRANSLATION]
[June 21, 1758]^
Reply to the General regarding his letter of June 16.“
1. Received his letter the day before my departure.^
t Stricken out.
121
21 June 1758
2. Congratulations on the store ship.
3. The wagons; he will see by his letters that I have never had
orders to contract for more than 120 wagons which we shall
have at least.
4. 400 of them are needed in the service at the same time in order
to form the magazines.
5. The road from Loudoun to Littleton, after hard work, has been
almost entirely changed and is now passable.
6. The one from Littleton to Juniata is so hilly that it will never
June 16 be good, and I am quite convinced that it would be more expe-
at ditious and would cost less to use pack horses from Littleton
Loudoun and even from Loudoun.
Here is an estimate founded on experience. A wagon cannot go fromi
Loudoun to Littleton in less than a day and a half, and two days from
Littleton to Juniata, which makes, at twenty-five shillings per day, three
pounds; and it carries only 1500 pounds. Eight pack horses will carry
1600 pounds and would easily make the same journej" in two days. Even
if the saddles are furnished, it will not cost, at two shillings per day,
more than thirty-two shillings per day. Besides, they do not need hay or
oats. Half the time and seven shillings in mone}’ would therefore be
saved. If I had been familiar with these roads, I should have suggested
this change to you sooner. If they knew anything about wagon horses,
the use of four of them would cost fifteen shillings instead of eight. There
is scarcely any grass between Littleton and the Juniata. The wagons
would necessarily have to carry forage and oats, increasing expenses etc.
I shall not write more in detail regarding the pack horses, except that
the packs or [ . . . ] which is another [ ... ].
The little knowledge we have about this whole route has made me
decide to make an accurate survey, and for that reason I have written
LIr. Basset to start work immediately, assuring him of escorts. If you
have need of an engineer with you, I beg you to keep Mr. Dudgeon or
Hesse.
The season is too far advanced to consider any other communication.
This may be satisfactory, especially if we can have some pack horses.
We cannot send out much of a party without provisions and only pack
horses can carry them.
Tomorrow I expect Captain Callender who is bringing our convoy, and
shall ask him how many horses he can undertake to furnish, and in order
not to lose time, I shall authorize him to furnish 200 on condition that
if you do not approve, the contract will be null, of which you will have
the goodness to send notice to the persons at Carlisle whom Captain
Callender will select for me, to receive your orders.
122
21 June 1758
It will still be necessary to send part of the saddles to Raystown in
order to execute your orders on the subject of parties.
I have had provisionally to form a small staff to carry out the duties,
namely:
A brigade major — Captain Stuart."*
An assistant — Ensign De Haas.
A commissary for the stores — Lieutenant Lyon.®
An inspector for the safety and guarding of the sheep — Lieutenant
Potter.®
An officer for the distribution of provisions — Lieutenant Hutchins.'^
An assistant quarter master to take charge of the baggage and corre-
spondence— Lieutenant Gradon.®
To command the artillery — Ensign Heydeler.®
For wagon master general — Captain Callender.
I have promised the subalterns two shillings six pence, Pennsylvania cur-
rency, while they are employed, which will go under the account of day
laborers.
I hope you will approve of this arrangement, otherwise I should not be
able to move this machine which still has no motion of its own.
Captain Callender would be the most suitable man in America for
the work I am having him do; he is equally useful in other ways because
of his energy and his knowledge of the country.
Of the 73 wagons I had at Littleton, there are 33 to be repaired, which
have been broken or put out of condition to travel since Fort Loudoun.
Most of these wagons are old and the horses worn out. The bad faith of
the farmers, as far as their unwillingness is concerned, is due to the people
in authority. They fear the honest people who are under their orders and
who are more intelligent than those I have.
N B For lack of wagons, I could take only enough for the last three
weeks. I am expecting a convoy of forty wagons in a few days, but un-
less I get some oats, the horses will starve to death. Allow me to repeat
that I think it absolutely necessary to abandon three-fourths of the
wagons from Littleton on, and change to pack horses, severely limiting
needless baggage from Raystown on.
I arrived here this morning and found only three and a half feet of
water in the river. Captain Gordon*® has laid out a stockade to hold 100
men, outside the shelter of which the wagons could encamp safely, for
to enclose them in the fort would Involve a great amount of labor, and
the ground being commanded from all sides, the post would be of no
great value. It will suffice as a protection for the detachment necessary
for escorts, and to maintain the communication.
I shall leave 100 men here after 200 have marched today to cut the
123
21 June 1758
road ahead of us, and Colonel Burd sets out tomorrow morning with 200
others to establish a post at Raystown, where I shall join him day after
tomorrow with the rest if the road is open.
When I have been at Raystown a couple of days, I shall have the road
across the Alleghenies reconnoitered by two detachments, one going di-
rectly toward the heights above the forks of the Youghiogheny and the
other to the right to try to find a passage across Laurel Hill. The advan-
tage of this latter route would be that it is shorter, avoiding all the rivers,
having only small creeks to be crossed; and that it would confuse the
enemy who naturally would not expect us from that direction. Likewise,
if they should try to oppose our advance, they would be unable to find a
vantage point, as we would be cutting ahead of us as fast as we advanced.
Captain Callender is the man to whom I shall confide this commission,
choosing for the other route an officer^^ whom I can trust. The destina-
tion of all these parties will be known only to the leader and I shall give
them some Indians.
The little information which I have gained from men who know the
country best has given me some ideas which I shall communicate to you
at Raystown. I shall also push some mixed parties of Indians in the
direction of the Ohio, and I shall have the supposed new Fort Shingle
Clamoushe reconnoitered, by way of Frankstown;^- and, depending on
the report which I get of it, I might be able to make a surprise attack
there. For that I should require pack horses, and in the meantime I beg
you to send me part of the saddles which are at Carlisle, so that if the
affair is practicable I may send a party there at once with some wagon
horses.
After this attack has been attempted, and not before, I believe we
ought to have a large post at Frankstown, for many reasons which are
quite evident, and for others which I shall make known to you.
Estimate
100 pack horses carry
12 [ . . . ] flour for 4000 pounds
140 horses carry
20.000 pounds
48.000 pounds
68.000
12
1680
168 per day
840 horses can carry 168,000 pounds of flour
200
168,000 provisions for 6 weeks or for two trips for 3 months to the
first storehouse beyond the Allegheny, and on leaving they
will carry enough for 6 weeks and will leave as much behind.
124
21 June 1758
The meat should be cattle, live hogs and sheep. 360 wagons at 1400
pounds will I'ender the same service, all at once, as about 1440 horses.
I beg you to weigh carefully, on one side, the risk of having with you
only six weeks’ provisions and of having to send back all the horses for
a second trip, with the advantage of taking enough with you in one trip,
by means of wagons, for three months.
On the one hand, you travel without encumbrance and almost without
cutting a road; on the other, you have a huge file and your forage to
carry, and would lose a great deal of time trying to make roads.
We are compelled to go groping into an unknown country, and I hope
you do not take it amiss that I impart to you freely all the ideas that
pass through my mind, in order to evaluate them. You are very much
detached from the prejudices of the past .... One other thing, that is
to make Indians of part of our provincial soldiers. They are very willing,
the expense is nothing, and I believe the advantage would be very real.
It would only be necessary for them to remove their coats and breeches,
which will delight them; give them moccasins and blankets; cut of! their
hair and daub them with paint and intermingle them with the real
Indians. It would be difficult for the enemy to distinguish them and I
believe that the impression which this number would produce would be
useful to us.
[no signature]
* Original not found.
^ This draft was apparently the basis for the letter mentioned by Forbes in his to
Bouquet, June 27, which see.
“Forbes to Bouquet, June 16, which see.
“Bouquet was then at Fort Loudoun, Penna.
‘Probably Capt. William Stuart, commissioned. May, 1757, in the 60th Regiment.
“Lieut. William Lyon, commissioned, December 6, 1757, in Capt. William Thompson’s
company of the first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Probably Lieut. James Potter, commissioned, December 4, 1757, in the first battalion
of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“ Lieut. Thomas Flutchins, appointed quartermaster to the third battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment, June 7, 1758.
“This may have been Caleb Graydon of the second battalion of the Pennsylvania
Regiment, although he did not receive his lieutenant’s commission until November.
® Ens. Martin Heydler.
“ Capt. Harry Gordon laid out a stockade at the Crossing of the Juniata, one-half
mile north of the present Lincoln Highway (U. S. 30).
‘‘Two parties were sent out, under Captains Asher Clayton and Edward Ward. See
Bouquet to Forbes, June 28.
‘“ Frankstown, on the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata River, in Blair County, Penna.
125
22 June 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 47, A. L. S.]
Au Camp de la Juniatta le 22? Juin 1758
Monsieur
Notre Convoy est arrive Sous la Conduite du Cap?® Callendar, qui
malgre Son activite a ete deux Jours en Chemin; Cela me confirme dans
mon Sentiment au Sujet des Chevaux de Bat:
Joint a la difficulte que vous aves trouve a vous procurer des Chariots
a Philad? Ceux que j'ay ic}^ doivent etre decharges pour les trois quarts,
n’etant pas en Etat de faire un Second transport a Reas Town. J’ecris a
M? Eloops^ la dessus afin qu’on les examine a Carlisle, et renvoye ce qui
ne peut Servir.
Le Cap?® Callendar etant plus propre que personne a vous procurer des
Chevaux de Bat, Je I’envoye a Carlisle, ou j’espere qu’il vous trouvera
arrive. II dit que le Contract pour le Gen- Braddock etoit 2/ par Jour,
compris la Selle et la Sonette et \%d pour le Cheval nud; Soit que vous
acheties les Chevaux, ou que vous contracties pour Eux, il faut fournir les
drivers.
II me dit qu'il peut etre de retour dans 10 a 12 Jours a Reas Town, ou
j’en auray besoin pour le Service dont je vous ai parle ce matin. ^ J’y
envoyerai en attendant quelcun.
Callendar est mieux au fait du Pays ou nous allons qu’aucun autre
Indian Trader, et vous ne Seres pas fache de I'entendre.
Notre Fort Sera a peu pres fini demain, et le Chemin a ce que j’espere
ouvert; Je partiray le 24? et compte d’etre a Reas Town le meme Jour.
Le Cap?® Bosomworth qui etoit party ce matin avec Ses Indiens arrive
dans ce moment avec une Lettre^ de M? Sinclair,'* qui lui mande de Se
rendre a Winchester pour y joindre le Gouverneur Glen;
Les Cherokee qu'il a ramene de Virginie firent difficulte de partir de
Littleton, parce que Bosomw n’etoit pas avec Eux: S’il les quitte a present
il ne nous en restera peut etre pas un, et dans I’lncertitude du Succes
qu’il pourroit avoir a Winchester Je n’ay pas cru prudent de risquer de
perdre le peu que nous avons, et lui ai ordonne de retourner les joindre in-
cessamm^ a Reas Town. Il ecriU a Glen, et j’y joins une lettre*^ afin
qu’il ne perde pas un moment a attendre.
Les deux Interpretes Smith'^ and Tho? Boemer Sont a Winchester avec
le Col. Bird,® ainsi il aura a cet Egard tous les Secours possibles, mais
je doute qu’il y trouve un Seul Cherakee a qui parler.
126
22 June 1758
Par une Lettre® de Hoops je vous qu’il m’a envoye tout ce dont j’avols
besoin, j’ay envoye ordre a Littleton de me faire passer Surement tous
ces Chariots.
Je Suis
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss- serviteur
Henry Bouquet
Gen- Forbes
[Endorsed] Letter CoP Bouquett Camp at Junatte 22*^ June
[TRANSLATION]
Camp of the Juniatta, June 22, 1758.
Sir,
Our convoy arrived under the command of Captain Callendar, who
in spite of his exertions has been two days on the road. That confirms
my opinion on the subject of pack horses.
Together with the difficulty you have found in procuring wagons in
Philadelphia, three fourths of those which I have here should be dis-
charged, as they are in no condition to haul a second load to Reas Town.
I am writing^ to Mr. Hoops about this, so that they may be inspected
at Carlisle, and those unfit for use may be sent back.
As Captain Callendar is better suited than any one else to get pack
horses for you, I am sending him to Carlisle, where I hope he will find
you have arrived. He says that the contract for General Braddock was
at 2 shillings a day, saddle and bell included, and 18 pence for the horse
only. Whether you buy the horses or contract for them, the drivers must
be furnished.
He tells me that he can return to Reas Town in 10 or 12 days, where
I shall need him for the service^ I told you about this morning. Mean-
while, I shall send some one there.
Callendar is better acquainted with the country than any other Indian
trader, and you will not be sorry to hear it.
Our fort will be almost finished tomorrow, and the road opened, I
hope. I shall leave on the 24th, and plan to be at Reas Town the same
day.
Captain Bosomworth, who set out this morning with his Indians, just
now arrived with a letter^ from Mr. Sinclair,^ who ordered him to go to
Winchester to join Governor Glen.
127
22 June 1758
The Cherokees whom he brought from Virginia made objections to
leaving Littleton, because Bosomworth was not with them. If he leaves
them now, perhaps we shall not have one left, and the success he might
have at Winchester being uncertain, I did not think it prudent to risk
losing the few we have, and ordered him to return and join them immedi-
ately at Reas Town. He is writing® to Mr. Glen, and I am enclosing a
letter® with it, so that he will not lose a moment waiting.
The two interpreters, Smith^ and Thomas Boemer, are at Winchester
with Col. Bird;® thus he will have all the assistance possible in that re-
gard, but I doubt if he will find a single Cherokee there to speak to.
By a letter® from Hoops I see that he has sent me everything I needed.
I have sent orders to Littleton to send all these wagons to me carefully.
I am.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* Not found.
^ See preceding draft of letter from Bouquet to Forbes. The letter may have been
sent on the morning of June 22.
^ Not found.
* Sir John St. Clair.
^ Not found.
® Not found.
’ Probably Richard Smith. However, there was also an Abraham Smith who acted
as interpreter and agent for Governor Dinwiddie.
® Col. William Byrd.
'‘See Hoops to Bouquet, June 17.
128
^ .■
0
o
PLAN OF POSl', PROBABLY AT THE JUNIATA CROSSING
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 471
l\ PROBABLY AT THE JUNIATA CROSSINGS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 47]
22 June 1758
BOUQUET TO GLEN
129
[Juniata, June 22, 1758]
Letter missing, but mentioned by Bouquet in his to Forbes, June 22. Bouquet’s letter
probably substantiated Bosomworth’s reasons for not joining Glen at Winchester, in
compliance with Sir John St. Clair’s orders.
BOUQUET TO HOOPS
[Juniata, June 22, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Hoops in his to Bouquet, June 26. The letter
was in answer to a letter from Hoops, June 17. Bouquet apparently registered further
complaints about the failure to provide wagons and horses for transporting supplies
and provisions.
BOUQUET TO [HUGH MERCER? ]i
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 46, A. Df.]*
Juniatta 22^ June 1758
Sir
I received this moment your Letter- of the 201** and am glad you have
remained at Littleton to receive and forward the different Convoys upon
the Road.
By Mf Hoops Letter of the 17*^^ he informs me that he had Sent of
34 Waggons that day
10 loaded wl'' Rice
2 d® Oats
2 d*’ wf** Whiskey
the remainder flour & 20 Waggon Cloths
The next dav he was to Send 13 more, and Some Salt 30 more will follow,
in all 77.
to be Sent to Reas Town
with the first Convoy.
Rice, Oa<ts, Whiskey, Salt, and the Waggon Cloaths, are to he Sent
us by the first Waggons; and after you have furnished the necessary
number of Waggons to carry all the Tools left at Littleton (according
to an order Sent by Capt" Gordon to Lieut. Lyon) all the Waggons you
have or receive are to be forwarded to Reas Town without delay, observ-
ing to have always at least 30 together, not to harrass too much the
Garrison by Escorts.
You wdl take care to Keep at Littleton a Sufficient Store to Supply
the Garrison, as the fresh Meat will not Keep Sweet in this hot Weather,
130
22 June 1758
The Escorts and Partys are to be Served Salt Provisions: and if you
Save fresh Beef, it must be for one day only upon a march or two days
m the Camp.
[no signature^
* Original not found.
Probably Col. Hugh Mercer. See Mercer to Bouquet, June S.
‘Not found.
^ See Hoops to Bouquet, June 17.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 26, L. S.]
Carlisle the 22'^ June 1758
Dear Sir/
I received your Letter^ last Night of the 20“* of June by my return
Express I am glad to find you are by this time at Juniatoy and I hope
you have found Sideling Eldl very practicable. I have sent a hundred
men of the Highlanders to Eort Littleton with Orders to send on the
hundred that you left to Join you, but as that number will be insufficient
to Garrison Eort Littleton, I shall send up more of the Highlanders as
Escorts are wanted, the same I shall observe with the Royal Americans
in sending them to Eort Loudon, for I should be glad to have a Strong
Garrison at that Place, lest I should be oblidged to call on them to assist
in opening the New Road in Question. I have received a Letter^ from
Old CoP Cresop from the mouth of Conogogee which I have inclosed for
your Perusal.
I have not countermanded the march of the Virginea Troops as on my
hearing of the New Road being found practicable and blazed I shall
order part of them to begin at the further end of it while the rest are
cutting towards you at Rays Town. M’’ Commissary Walker has engag’d
to provide those Troops with Provisions during their march and for two
Weeks longer.
I just now send off a Commissary^ to Alexandria to conduct two hun-
dred North Carolina Provincials to Port Frederick, I am told that a
hundred more is come or acommg to Winchester, they shall have Orders
to march the of July which is the time M'' Walker has fixed for a
second Convoy from Winchester. I hear nothing of Major Loyd but
idling away his time, his Company is not yet paid, nor do I hear if Capt“
Sharp^ has done his his Work and returned to Shipensburgh. I sent you
yesterday Eight Waggons with Amunition if that is not enough let me
know and you shall have more; nothing shall stop here with me as soon
as Waggons are got they shall be dispatched. The Sadlery Ware you
23 June 1758 131
wrote for I have ordered to be sent up from Lancaster on Pack horses
that no time may be lost.
I inclose you a Letter® from General Forbes w'hich wall inform you of
all I know with regard to the movements below'
I am with the greatest Regard D’’ Sir
Your most Obedient humble Servant
John Clair.
The Virginia Powder horns are forwarded up to you so keep them for
these Troops. AP Glen set out from this Yesterday on his Road to Win-
chester or to you I know not w'hich.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S- Clair receiv’d the 25^^
June answ'ered y® 28*^ d°’
^Not found.
* Juniata Crossings.
^ See Cresap to St. Clair, June 19.
* Not identified.
Capt. James Sharp, commissioned. May 3, 1758, in the third battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
* Not found.
’ Not found.
MONCKTONi TO [ABERCROMBY]
[B. M., .^dd. MSS. 21640, f. 68, C.]*
[Halifax, June 23, 1758]
[ABSTRACT]
Letters from the fleet are enclosed, also a short journaP of the proceedings of the
fleet and army at Louisburg. Monckton includes a brief account of the landing of the
troops and the blockade of the French vessels in the harbor by the British fleet.
[Endorsed] Copy of a Letter from Lieu* Gov'' Monckton. Halifax 23®
June 1758
* Original not found, but a letter from Stanwix to Forbes, July 5, in B. M., Add MSS.
21640, f. 72, would indicate this as written to Abercromby.
’Hon. Robert Monckton (1726-1782), Yorkshire, England, was appointed a member
of the council at Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1753, and lieutenant governor of Annapolis
Royal in 1754. He became colonel commandant in the 60th Regiment in 1757, and
was later advanced to the rank of colonel. Consult DNB.
^An abstract of Journal follows.
132
25 June 1758
JOURNAL
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 44, C]*
[ABSTRACT]
Part of a journal of the proceedings of the fleet and arm)'. May 28 — June IS, 1758,
on the expedition against Louisburg.'
Admiral Boscawen" and General Amherst aboard the fleet of 116 vessels. Fleet an-
chored in Gabarus Bay.^ Brief account of landing of troops and initial skirmishes.
[Endorsed] Journal of the Proceedings of the Fleet & Army off Louis-
bourg to the 16^*' of June 1758
* A copy was enclosed in Monckton’s letter to Abercromby, June 23, then forwarded
to Stanwix at Albany. An Extract of the Journal is printed in Pargellis, Military
Affairs in North America, 1748-1765, 416-418. There is a copy of Monckton’s letter
in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 68.
^ Louisburg, on Cape Breton Island, at the entrance of the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
controlled the natural highway into Canada. Upon the possession of this base
hinged the success of the northern campaign under Amherst.
‘Edward Boscawen (1711-1761), one of the Lords Commissioners of the British
Admiralty, and second in command of the fleet under Hawkes, in 1757. He was
advanced to rank of admiral and commander-in-chief, in the expedition against
Louisburg in 1758. Consult DNB.
® Gabarus Bay is off the east coast of Cape Breton Island, just below Louisburg,
CALLENDER TO BOUQUET
[B, M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 128, L. S.]
Carlisle 25" June 1758
Sir/
Upon my arrival here I found the Gen' was not come nor soon expected
therefore apply’d to S?" Jn”^ to know wheether I shou’d proceed, but as
the letter was directed to the Gen' at Carlisle, Jn” thought proper to
detain me untill the arrival of the GenH and this Day I have forwarded
[to]t your Letter- by Express, and in the main time am purchasing
Horses and have engaged 40 Battow Men as drivers till I receive the
Gen?® orders. I shall acquaint you with the instructions I receive from
the General
I am Sir
Y? Very Hb'« SercA
Rob^ Callender
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] Cap^ Callendar 251*^ June
t Stricken out.
^ Sir John St. Clair.
‘Probably Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, June 21, which see.
133
26 June 1758
HOOPS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 129, L. S.]
Carlisle June 26 1758
Sir/
I Rece'? fav^ of the 22^ & I am Sorry to find the Country has been
Deficient in thier Contracts those Waggons which Proves so Ought to
forfeit 5^'’ SC & it my Opinion a horse worth that Money Ought to be
kept which Might do for Pack horses and at the Same time it would be
doing Nothing But Justice.
I have Sent of Since my last 149 Waggons p Invoice- Inclosed. S'" John
has Sent of 30 to Fort Frederick Loaded With Shells & Ball & the Stores
are to proceed from thence by water to Fort Cumberland.
We have now 250 Waggons Contracted for, I am in hopes we may
get Amongst them as Many as may do we are Still Continuing to Con-
tract for more.
I have Sent one of my Clerks to Maryland By S*' Johns order to raise
about 20 there which is to Bring up the N: Carolina Troops & Some
Barreled Beef from Alexandria.
I must think with you that Pack horses is much the Best and Seems
to me much Cheaper to Buy than hire-.
I understand y3 the officer® who Commanded the Party has Confined
Lisha^ the Waggon Master that Came from Berks County Lisha was
Verry well Recommended here By Colh Wieser & is a man of Estate and
Colh Wieser is the only Magistrate who has Shewn a publick Spirit
& Zeal for his Majesty’s Service so I beg you would Enquire into the
Matter & put a Stop to Such proceedings otherwise it will be of Bad
Consequence to his Majestys Service.
Tm S'" with Respect
most H'® Ser^
Ad“ Hoops
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s kandwritlng\ AT Hoops 26**^ june
{Addressed^ on his Alajesty’s Service To the Hon'^?'^ Cob Henry Bouquet
Commander in Chief at Rays Town
^ Not found.
^ Not found.
^Possibly Capt. Robert Callender, who w'as in command of the convoys at that time.
‘John Lesher. See Weiser to Bouquet, June 14.
134
27 June 1758
Sir
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 105, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Reas Town 27^*' June 1758
I hope this Letter will find you Safely arrived at Fort Cumberland;
as Soon as you are Settled in your Camp, I beg you will begin to cut
the Waggon Road to open the Communication between us.
I have ordered Nichols the Pilot to blaze the Road in going, and to
Stay wf** you. His Escort may rest one day or two, then come back
again.
I have wrote to Col. Bj^rd to engage the Indians to cover you in
your march. I need not recomend you to keep always Strong flanking
Parties besides, as you are perfectly acquainted w^** the dangers of a
Sudden attacfk].
We have not discovered yet any trac or appearance of Ennemies, but
we expect to be harrassed as Soon as they know our position.
M"' Walker^ has not engaged I hear to Supply you for more than a
fortnight after your arrival, and it will be necessary therefore that we
join here as Soon as possible.
You will be pleased to provide for the Safety of the Fort, in leaving
a Sufficient Garrison, wP' Provisions and ammunition. I think the Mary-
land Troops could be lefft untill we have further orders from the General.
As I allow no other Pay than one Jill of Rum a day here for common
Work as Roads & Intrenchments, I beg you will give the Same allowance
to your men.
I Shall be extremely glad to See you Soon, and am w“’ great Regard,
Your most obed* & most h*’’® Servant
Col. Washington
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Colonel Bouquet 27**“ June 1758
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 332-334
^ Dr. Thomas Walker.
135
Sir.
27 June 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 70, A. L. S.]*
Philad: June 27»' 1758.
I have received yours of the 2P‘^ from Juniata. I make no question of the
manny embaras^ that you meet with, from the Care of the Roads, to the
smallest minutie,^ for my part I have my own Share, but comme le vin
est tire, il faut le boire.'*
As to your Scheme of getting quitt of most of the waggons for Bats
horses, I have ever been of opinion that the Advanced part of the Army
in order to make the deposites &c, ought to have nothing else with them
but then I thought that after taking post, and making of the roads that
Waggons would be the most expeditious method of bringing forward
the provisions, but as you are upon the spott and see the nature of the
roads, you must certainlj" be the best judge what is properest to be done.
However S*'’ Jn° S* clair & Col: Armstrong are now engaging so many
Pack Horses 200. and they may engage more.
I have desired S’’’ John S* clair to take care that AT Hoops sends of
the provisions, and likewise that there be rice and Indian corn, And
provender for horses along the route to Raes town.
I approve of your Etat Majors^ as you could not well do without them,
nor do I think they could be employed at a Cheaper rate.
I hope to gett every thing out of this town by thursday morning and
shall follow' the same day myself being resolved to be the last man.
Our Negotiation® with the Delaware Indians upon the Ohio, has come
a pretty good length, being possitively assured that a number of familys
came from thence back to settle upon the North Branch of the Susque-
hanah lately, and if so it is to be hoped that more will follow. I wish
that those said to be settling at Single clamouche" be [one]t not of those
returning, so endeavour to be informed, and if they are not but ennemy
Indians, the sooner they are drove back the better altho I could w'ish
that wee had no rencountre® with the Indians to the north of the west
branch of the Susquehanah, for some days least we mistake friends for
foes. But that does no ways hinder the sending scouting parties by Franks
town, and every other points leading upon the Ohio, with very strict
injunctions, that att all times and att all places, in camp or on Detatch-
ment, that they keep a Strict guard, and a look out, to prevent any
kind of surprise, for which reason I think you ought to have some of
the light horse with you, as Avant coureurs et pour faire la Decouverte®
+ Stricken out.
136
27 June 1758
I give this caution from hearing ( altho perhaps false) that Rogers^^
with a party of 50 men, had been surprized near Tienderoga,^^ and that
all were cutt off but himself mortally wounded & five more. Guarding
against surprizes must be mmtiated early amongst our raw and un-
disciplined troops, and the strictest orders to prevent any surprize must
be dayly enjoined them.
I have been long in your Opinion of equipmg Numbers of our men
like the Savages, and I fancy Col: Byrd of Virginia has most of his best
people equipt in that manner. I could not so well send orders to others
to do the same as they had gott provincial! Cloathing, but I was resolved
upon getting some of the best people in every Corps to go out a Scouting
in that stile, for as you justly observe, the Shadow may be often taken
for tbe reality, And I must confess in this Country, wee must comply
and learn the Art of Warr, from Ennemy Indians or any thing else who
have seen the Country and Warr carried on inn itt:
For which reason I approve much of your trying to pass Laurell Hill
leaving the river Yohageny^^ to the left, as also of knowing what can be
done by the path’^^ from Franks town or even from the head^^ of the
Susquehanah, For I have all along had in view to have partys, to fall
upon their Settlements about Venango and there about, while wee are
pushing forward our principall Design.
As to Indian tracts I fancy you will find many of those, as no doubt
they will send many partys to make discoverys what wee are about but
I think they may be way laid, as most of the paths across the Allegenny
mountain are known, and the Carrying place^® upon the Susquehanah
which is short, may likewise be looked after. As all this may be fatiguing
and requires variety of parties, yet it breeds our people to their business,
and keeps us quiet to continue our route and to make our Deposites, and
palisaded campments, & all those partys altho in generall they ought to
be kept secret from every one but the officers concerned. Yet that they
may be distinguished and the particulars of each Commande known
each party ought to have some Union Flags and the particular Indians or
Soldiers dress’d as such the Yellow Shallown or Buntin upon their head
or remarkable part of their body.
This I have recommended to be given out among our friendly Indians
on our back fronteers, so pray let your people know so much.
As soon as you can well spare them, I think no time should be lost
in taking post at Franks town, as by that the Countr}^ will be explored
and the Ennemys scouting partys kept at a distance, but a Communica-
tion must be kept open, whether by patrouille^® or otherwise you will
judge, but before I send of the pensylvania provincialls, I want to see
them to detatch the worst for Garrison duty, so if you order any to
137
27 June 1758
join you, let them be by the ten, or twenty best men of such companys,
as they will not interfere with my views.
I do not see that Governour Glen can be of any great service, but
when he offerd it. It was de bon ceur et avec la meilleure grace de monde^^
— And as the Indians were not then quite gone I thought it would hurt
him, and hurt myself, not to accept of such an offer from a person who
has had more publick dealings with the Cherokee Nation than any other
man alive.
Bosomworth I am sensible has been of service but you must not believe
all he says, however he must be encouraged.
I am sorry to tyre you with this long letter, but must still add, that
I hope you judge so well of me, as to believe that I shall look upon
every Suggestion for the good of the service that you please to hint to
me, as a reall favour and friendship conferr’d upon me, and at the same
time to believe me, with real esteem
S'" Y'’ Most ob*^ hum'® Serv*^
Jo Forbes.
Col® Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] General Forbes 27^** June Received
by neglect the 14"' July only
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 124-126.
^ See draft of letter from Bouquet to Forbes, dated June 21.
■ “hindrances.”
^“detail.”
'“as the wine is poured, it must be drunk.”
° Staff officers and assistants. See Bouquet to Forbes, June 23.
° Frederick Post, famous Moravian missionary, and Charles Thomson, clerk and
interpreter, left Philadelphia on June 7 to negotiate with the Ohio Indians. Their
report, June 16, is printed in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 412-422.
’’ Chinklacamoose was an Indian village on the present site of Clearfield, Penna.
® “encounter.”
® “as a vanguard and to reconnoiter.”
“Major Robert Rogers (1727-1800), born at Dunbarton, N. H., famous as commander
of Rogers’ Rangers in the French and Indian War, later appointed governor of
Mackinac Island, Mich. Consult DNB.
Ticonderoga, then a French fortress which they called Carillon.
“ Youghiogheny River.
“The Frankstown Path was one of the most important trade routes between the
Susquehanna and the Ohio. It ran from Harris’ Ferry to Kittanning, then on to
Shannopin’s Town.
“ There was an Indian trail from Chinklacamoose on the West Branch of the Susque-
hanna to Venango (Franklin) on the Allegheny.
“Probably the portage from the Canoe Place (near Cherry Tree), on the West Branch
of the Susquehanna, to Kittanning on the Allegheny River.
“ “patrol.”
” “with sincerity and the greatest possible politeness.”
138
D Sir/
27 June 1758
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
IB. M., Add. MSS. 216.^9, f. 28, L. S.]
Carlile the 27‘^ June 1758
As fast as the Waggons have arrived I have forwarded them on to you,
excepting thirt}^ which I sent to Fort Fredrick Loaded with Shot who
were escorted to that place by Captain Jocelyn & Sixty men I propose
to make his number up to a hundred, and the rest of your three Com-
panies shall all follow to Fort Loudon as fast as they come up, I have
destined one comp® more of the Highlanders for Fort Littleton [ Sixty ]t
thirty of which march to day as an Escort.
I have this morning received the report, that the road from fort Fredrick
to Fort Cumberland is praticable, and that Gover^ Sharpe is collecting
wood to lay a bridge near fort Fredrick, the Engeneer^ that came from
England with a proportion of Entrenching Tools sets out from this to
morrow morning, with two Companies of the Lower Counties,^ of a
hundred men each, the other Company shall follow serving as an Escort
to the Shott. Gen? Forbes has requested Lieu? Colonel Sharp to take
the direction of that Road, and I did not hesitate one moment in putting
these Troops under his Command, and [to] make them up five hundred
men. This I make no doubt will meet with your approbation as any
delay at present must be of bad Consequence. C” Washington & C® Byrd
have marched according to their Orders. As I imagine your work at
Rays Town will not be very great, at present it wou’d be of infinite
Service to us if you cou’d send down to CoL Washington to begin upon
the further end of the road and cut twenty or five & twenty miles of it,
toward fort frederick.
I am doing what I can to send you off a troop of horse, but as yet I have
not been able to effect it, their new Sadies must have a thorough repair
I am with the greatest regard
Dear Sir
Your most Obed? hum’ Serv?
John S’ Clair
To C" Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S’ Clair received the
29”’ June answered^ the 30”’ d°
I Stricken out.
” Capt. Richard Dudgeon. See Forbes to Bouquet, June 16.
^New Castle, Kent, and Sussex counties, now the state of Delaware.
^ See Bouquet to St. Clair, June 30.
139
28 June 1758
Sir
BILLINGS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add MSS. 21643, f. 132, A. L. S.]
[Fort Loudoun, June 28, 1758]
Before Col° Lloyds Arrival at Shippensburg his Company had began
their March for this place, on which he immediately follow’d, being about
a Mile on this side he meet them Returning his promiss» to Settle &
pay them here, they agreed to proceed on w*^^ he left them, & came here
on Sunday Night. The Waggons they escorted did not arrive till Yester-
day, when he receivd advise that some Uneasiness had hapned at CoL
Chambers’s^ his Men refusing to March, one of them Cock’d his Fire-
lock & presented it at (the) Aliles,- on w'^*^ he drew his Sword & ran
him thro” the Body. Capt" Sharp^ took Command of the party to this
place & returnd to Chambers’s yesterday with CoL Lloyd & Doct^ Milne.
five or six of his Men are there w?’^ he’ll bring with him & will join you
as soon as possible The foregoing is by his desire
The Americans are all well. Jocelyn & Ray^ are gone to Fort Frederick
with 36 Waggons, Evans® & Jenkins^ we expect every Day from Carlisle,
We all want to be with you. I am with great Esteem
Sir
Your Alost Obed* Serv3
Colonel Bouquet
John Billings
Camp at Fort Loudoun 28*** June 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’ s handwriting^ Lieut Billing
^ Benjamin Chambers, from the County of Antrim, Ireland, settled at the confluence
of Falling Spring and Conococheague creeks in Franklin County, Penna., present
site of Chambersburg, c. 1734. He was justice of peace and colonel of militia. His
house and mills, known as Fort Chambers, were well fortified and surrounded by
a strong stockade.
“Lieut. Samuel Miles, commissioned, December 14, 1757, in tbe second battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Capt. James Sharp.
* Dr. James Milne, surgeon’s mate with the first battalion of the 60th Regiment,
1757-1759.
"Lieut. Joseph Ray, commissioned, February, 1756, in tbe 62nd (later 60th) Regiment,
made quartermaster in August. He died on October 19. See Bouquet to Forbes,
October 20.
'Probably Lieut. John Evans, commissioned, February, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
’Probably Ens. Edward Jenkins, commissioned, January, 1756, in the 62nd (later
60th) Regiment, later promoted to lieutenant.
140
28 June 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 49, A. L. S.]
at the Camp near Reas Town 28^** June 1758
Monsieur
J’arrlvay igy le 24® avec le Regim- de Pensilvanie et le Detachement
des Troupes de Virginie: Je receus votre Lettre du 19®^ le 25® Cour^ et
n’ayant que le meme Expres a vous envoyer, Je I’ay retenu jusqu’a
present pour pouvoir vous rendre Compte de I’Etablisseinent de ce Poste.
Le Chemin depuis Juniatta est fort bon, et tons les Bois Sont remplis
d’excellent fourage. Depuis mon arrivee j’ay ete presque toujours a
Cheval pour chercher avec le Cap"® Gordon, un terrein propre au dessein
propose. Nous avons cherche inutilement, et n’avons trouve que des
Hauteurs Sans Eau, ou de I’Eau dans des fonds comandes. Des deux
Inconveniens nous avons enfin choisi le moindre et fixe la Situation qui
nous a paru la moins mauvaise. Le Fort destine a contenir nos Magazins
Sera Sur une Hauteur, et aura une Communication pour avoir de I’Eau
que I’on ne peut couper.
On a commence ce matin a y travailler, et on poussera I’ouvrage avec
toute I’activite possible. Je rencontre des le commencement une difficulte
que j’avois prevue. C’est que les Troupes de Virginie, ne veulent pas
travailler Sans etre payes. Les Pensilvaniens Se Sont tons offert volon-
tairement pour travailler pour un Jill de Rum par Jour. En attendant
VOS Ordres je fais monter la garde aux uns, et employe les autres aux
ouvrages.
Si I’on vouloit Se mettre Sur le Pied de payer les Troupes en Amerique
quand il faut travailler: L’armee couteroit a peu pres une quadruple
Paye, parce que Ton ne peut faire un Pas Sans avoir la Hache, ou la
Pelle a la main. Si j’avois asses de Troupes, je les renvoyerois au Fort
Cumberland pour eloigner le mauvais Exemple qu’ils donnent: Mais
vous verres par le Raport^ qy Joint que je Suis epuise par les detache-
ments laisses en Arriere.
J’ecris a Sir John de les faire relever aussi tot qu’il pourra par les
Americains, les Highlanders, ou les Comp^® de N'’ Caroline: afin de me
mettre en Etat de pousser la construction de ce Poste avec la diligence
qu’il exige.
J’ay receu tous les Convoys, et expedie les Chariots a Carlisle pour
prendre une autre Charge.
Nos Indiens Se Conduisent fort bien, reconnoissent chaque Jour les
Environs du Camp, et j’ay toujours des Chasseurs en Campagne: Nous
n’avons aperceu aucune trace d’Ennemls mais je Suppose qu’ils ne
tarderont pas a venir nous reconnoitre.
General Forbes
141
28 June 1758
J’ay fait partir ce matin, le Capt"® Johny et Ses Catawba pour I’Ohio,
et leur ai donne le Lieut. Chew^ des Virginiens jeune home tres alerte
avec deux autres homes: Ils ont ordre de tacher de faire un Prisomer,
et de reconnoitre les forces de I’Ennemy.
Deux autres Partis chacun de 15 Cherokee et 15 de nos gens Sous
les ordres du Capt”® Clayton,^ Capt“® Ward,^ Lieut Crawford*^ and Lieut.
Blythe’^ partent demain matin pour reconnoitre les Chemins au dela des
Allegheny; avec les directions dont je vous ai informe dans ma derniere.®
Le Poste de Shingalamuch n'est pas Si facile a reconoitre. II y a 30
miles d’lgy a Franks Town, and 70 depuis la au travers de Montagues
continuelles: Les Indiens ne paroissent pas disposes a faire cette Course,
je verray Si je puls les y engager, et leur donner une couple de nos gens.
L’approbation que vous aves bien voulu donner a ce que j’ai fait me
dedommage amplement des Peines que je puis avoir eu: Avec des Troupes
formees j’aurois perdu moins de terns, mais ces gens n’ont jamais ete
ensemble, et tout leur paroit nouveau et difficile:
J’espere que nous ne Serous pas obliges de reduire la Ration Sur le
Pied fixe par le Gen? Abercrombie: Ces Provlnciaux ont deja ete mecon-
tens de n’avoir plus autant de Vivres qu’ils en recevoient de leurs Pro-
vinces, et si on leur parloit de retrancher encore quelque Chose, on les
mettroit de fort mauvalse humeur; Le travail et I’air vif de ces montagnes
leur donne un appetit qul leur fait toujours trouver la Ration trop petite:
J’avois mis des le commencem*^ les officiers Sur le Pied d’une Seule Ration
avant d’avoir receu I’ordre® du General communique par le Major Halkett.
Je vous Suis extremement oblige de I’attention que vous aves faite a
ma Recommandation p"" la dette^° du Docteur Ross: Cela fera un tres
bon Effet.
Dans ITncertitude Si notre Route projettee sera praticable, Ne
trouveries vous pas a propos de faire envoj^er des Vivres a Cumberland
pour un mois au lieu des 15 Jours que M?' Walker^^ S’est engage a fournir
aux Troupes de Virginie, apres leur arrivee?'
Je Suis Si occupe de petits details, et Si Souvent interrompu que je
puis a peine trouver un moment pour vous ecrire, Si j’oublie quelque
Chose vous me le pardonn&res, de meme que les Repetitions, n’ayant pas
le terns de copier aucune Lettre,
Je Suis avec un Entier devouement
Monsieur
Votre tres humble, et tres obeissant servlteur
Henry Bouquet
142
28 June 1758
P:S: Un Soldat des Troupes de Virginie qui etoit alle en Party du cote
du Fort avec quelques Cherokee est arrive dans ce moment au Camp,
presque mort de faim ayant ete 8 Jours Sans vivres. II dit que les
Indiens qui etoient avec luy ont tue et Scalpe un Frangois qui chassoit,
et S’enfuirent dabord avec leur Scalp; a environ 20 Milles du Fort, il
fut mordu par un Rattle Snake: Les Indiens lui donnerent une Racine
qu’il devoit macher, avalant Sa Salive et lavant la Blessure: Sa Jambe
enfla si fort qu’il ne put les Suivre, et ils I’abandonerent II continua de
macher Ses Racines, et il est a peu pres guery:
Ils n’ont vu qu’un Party de 30 Indiens allant du cote du Nord, et deux
frangois dont Fun fut tue et Fautre gagna le Fort, qui etoit tout pres
mais il ne Fa pas vu.
[Endorsed] Letter CoF Bouquet Camp near Raestown 28**‘ June
[TRANSLATION]
At the Camp near Reas Town 28th June 1758.
Sir,
I arrived here the 24th with the Pennsylvania regiment and the detach-
ment of Virginia troops. I received your letter of the 19th^ on the 25th
of this month, and as I had only the same express to send you, I have
kept him until the present time so that I could give you an account of
the establishment of this post.
The road beyond Juniatta is very good, and all the woods are full of
excellent forage. Since my arrival I have been almost constantly on
horseback, searching with Captain Gordon for a terrain suitable for the
proposed plan. We have searched without avail, and have found only
high ground without water, or water in low and vulnerable places. Of the
two inconveniences we finally chose the least and decided on the location
which seemed least objectionable. The fort intended to contain our stores
will be on a height, and will have a communication with a water supply
which cannot be cut off.
Work was begun this morning, and will be pushed with all possible dis-
patch. From the very start I encountered a difficulty which I had fore-
seen, in that the Virginia troops do not wish to work without being paid.
The Pennsylvanians have all offered voluntarily to work for a gill of rum
a day. While awaiting your orders, I shall have the former mount guard,
and employ the latter on the works.
If one wished to put it on the basis of paying the troops in America
when they must work, the army would cost nearly four times as much,
because no step can be taken without axe or spade in hand. If I had
143
28 June 1758
enough troops, I should send them to Fort Cumberland to remove the bad
example they give. But you will see by the enclosed report^ that I am
weakened by the detachments left in the rear.
I am writing to Sir John to have them relieved as soon as he can, by
the Americans, the Highlanders, or the companies from North Carolina,
in order to enable me to push the construction of this post with the
necessary diligence.
I have received all the convoys, and sent the wagons to Carlisle for
another load.
Our Indians are behaving very well, scouting every day in the vicinity
of the camp, and I always have hunters in the field. We have noticed
no sign of the enemy, but I suppose that they will lose no time in coming
to reconnoiter us.
This morning I sent off Captain Johny and his Catawbas to the Ohio,
and gave them Lieut. Chew^ of the Virginians, a very alert young man,
with two other men. They have orders to try and take a prisoner, and
to reconnoiter the enemy’s forces.
Two other parties, each with 15 Cherokees and 15 of our men, under
the command of Captain Clayton,^ Captain Ward,® Lieut. Crawford,*" and
Lieut. Blythe,'^ are leaving tomorrow morning to reconnoiter the roads
beyond the Alleghenies, with the instructions I reported in my last.®
The post of Shingalamuch is not so easy to reconnoiter. It is 30 miles
from here to Franks Town, and 70 from there across continuous moun-
tains. The Indians do not seem inclined to make this journey; I shall
see if I can persuade them to make it, and give them a couple of our
men.
The approval which you were pleased to give what I have done is an
ample reward for the troubles I may have had. With organized troops
I should have lost less time, but these men have never been together, and
everything seems new and difficult for them.
I hope that we shall not be obliged to reduce the rations to the rate
fixed by General Abercrombie. These provincials have already been dis-
satisfied at no longer having as much food as they used to receive from
their provinces, and if they were told of being cut down still more, it
would put them in a very bad humor. The work and the brisk air of
the mountains gives them an appetite which always makes them find the
ration too small. From the beginning, I had put the officers on the footing
of a single ration, before receiving the general’s order® communicated by
Major Halkett.
I am very much obliged for the attention you have given my recom-
mendation regarding Doctor Ross’s debt.^® That will have a very good
effect.
144
28 June 1758
Since we are uncertain whether our proposed route will be practicable,
wouldn’t you find it expedient to send provisions to Cumberland for a
month, instead of the 15 days for which Mr. Walker^^ has contracted to
supply the Virginia troops, after their arrival?
I am so busy with small details and so often interrupted that I can
scarcely find a moment to write to you. If I forget something, you will
pardon it, as well as the repetitions, for I do not have time to copy any
letters.
I am with complete devotion,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
P. S. A soldier of the Virginia troops, who went out scouting toward the
fort with some Cherokees, has just returned to camp, almost dead from
hunger, having gone 8 days without food. He says that the Indians who
were with him killed and scalped a Frenchman who was hunting, and
fled at first with the scalp. About 20 miles from the fort, he was bitten
by a rattlesnake. The Indians gave him a root wdiich he was to chew,
swallowing his saliva and washing the wound. His legs swelled so much
that he could not follow' them, and they abandoned him. He continued
to chew the roots, and he is almost cured.
They saw only one party of 30 Indians, going tow'ard the north, and
two Frenchmen, of whom one was killed, and the other reached the fort,
which was very near, but he did not see it.
^Forbes to Bouquet, June 19, which see.
°Not found.
° Lieut. Colby Chew of Washington’s regiment, promoted from ensign, c. May, 1758.
‘ Capt. Asher Clayton, commissioned, January 9, 1758, in the second battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
'Capt. Edward Ward, commissioned, December 13, 1757, in the first battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
' Probably Lieut. William Crawford of Washington’s regiment, commissioned c. June,
1757.
’Lieut. William Blyth, commissioned, December 24, 1757, in the first battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
^ See Bouquet’s letters to Forbes, June 21 and 22.
^ See Halkett to Bouquet, June 19, printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes,
120-121.
See Bouquet to Forbes, June 14.
“ Dr. Thomas Walker.
145
28 June 1758
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Raystown, June 28, 1758]
Letter missing, but apparently written in answer to St. Clair’s letter of June 22, as
Bouquet noted, in the endorsement, “answered y® 28^^ d°’’
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 130, A. L. S.]
Carlisle 28-'* June 1758
Dear Sir
I have Little to write you, without writing too Much. Sir John, has
Shew’d me a Report^ of a New' Road to be Made from Eort Erederick
to Fort Cumberland propos’d I suppose by Governor Sharp & him Self,
it is about Sixty Computed Miles, the three Companj's^ of the Delaware
Government are to March to Fort Frederick in Order to receive Gov-
ernor Sharps Commands in Cutting and Opening the Said Road, and Sir
John either has, or is about to write Colonel Washington, to begin at
Cumberland and Cut tbe Road dow'nward, in Order to Meet Governor
Sharp. Cap- Joslin^ with near 100 Men are gone to Frederick some days
agoe, and Sundry things are Sent there, to go to Fort Cumberland by
Water, ’tis Said Reas Town is not to be the place of General Rendezvous,
but C d.'* I’m Sorry to Say, that so many New experiments of Roads
at this advanc’d Season, doesn’t Seem to me calculated to favour Our
expedition, as they will naturally Create fatigue. Spend time, Divide Our
people all Our leisure time in my Opinion, wou’d be better Spent, in
learnning the necessary preparatives for the essential parts of Servise,
than in Opening a Communication with Maryland, and I assure you Our
Troops are going into that Province with reluctance tho’ I believe it is
not known to Sir John. I have told him I thought you w'ere now' got
thro’ the greatest difficulties upon Reas Town Road & Sundrv things to
that import, but he says the More Roads the better. I don’t desire it
shou’d be known I w'rote you on this Subject, and am dear Sir with the
greatest respect.
Your Very Humb? Serv^
Col. Bouquet
John Armstrong
P; S: Give me leave to recommend to your Civilities the bearer M*"
Beatty® w'ho is appointed Chaplain to my Battalion, and whome you’l
find to be a Gentleman of Strict piety, and extreamly Zealous for Our
good Cause.
J: A:
146
29 June 1758
Your Villeece'' is come Safe.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Armstrong 28‘’*June answered
^ Capt. Evan Shelby’s report. See Bouquet to Sharpe, June 13. ' '
“Capts. Jacob Gooding, Jr., commissioned, June 13, John McClughan, April' 16,
and Richard Wells, April 17, 1758.
“ Capt. Thomas Jocelyn.
^ Cumberland.
“Charles Beatty, appointed chaplain, June 9.
“ Valise.
BOUQUET TO HOOPS
[Camp at Raystown, June 29, 1758]
This letter is missing, but was received and acknowledged by Hoops in his to Bouquet,
July 14.
The letter contained the welcome information that Bouquet had been able to send
more provisions up than he had planned.
GORDON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 131, A. L. S.]
29‘>* June 1758
Sir •
As often as we can judge of the Work necessary to be done next Day,
the Morning before a Return shal be made of the Number wanted of
Workmen, but many Accidents will happen, probably, to prevent a Cer-
tainty in that.
I have sent a Return^ for to morrow which perhaps I may have Occa-
sion to make Alterations in but it will be pretty near as they proceed
in clearing the Ground.-
I am Respectfully Sir
Your Most obedl
Harry Gordon
Colonel Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Cap3 Gordon’s Answer for the
Workmen & Labourers
' Not found.
“ Capt. Gordon was superiiitending the building of the fort at Juniata Crossings.
’}•
147
30 June 1758
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M, Add. MSS. 216S2, f. SI, A. Df. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 30-’’ June 1758
J'ay receu. Mon Cher Chevalier, votre Lettre^ du 27® et me presse d’y
repondre pour vous prier de faire incessamment relever tous les Postes de
Communication depuis Loudoun igy, et me faire joindre par les Com-
pagnies du Reg- de Pensilvanie que j’y ay laissees.
Je n’ay que 811 homes a employer, et j'ay outre les gardes, a construire
un Fort,^ et les Magazins de I’armee.
Je Suis oblige de Batir a la hate des Couverts pour les Provisions, et
Munitions, ce qui retarde I’ouvrage, que je dois faire deux fois.
Les Troupes de Virginie font difficulte de travailler Sans etre payees:
N'ayant point encore d’ordre precis du General la dessus, Je leur faisois
faire le Service pendant que les Pensilvaniens travailloient; mais cet ar-
rangement faisant naitre a chaque Instant des obstacles, J’ay donne ordre
ce Soir qu’ils fournissent leur Contingent comme les autres, donnent un
Jill de Rum par Jour a chaque Travailletir.
Ce ne Sera jamais mon Avis que Ton paye le Soldat en Amerique pour
Son travail en Campagne. Cela pent passer en Europe ou il n’a point de
Provisions, et ou Ton a peu d’ouvrage a faire, mais icy ou Ton ne pent
faire un pas qu'a force de travail. Si Ton Se mettoit Sur ce Pied la, Cette
Armee couteroit au Gouvernement plus que trois Armees de meme force
en Europe.
La Communication par Fort Frederic a Cumberland sera plus courte
que par Reas Town, et puis que le General I’a approu'vee, il ne faut pas
perdre un moment a I'ouvrir.
J’envoye ordre^ au Col. Wasington d’y employer immediatement 300
homes, y comprenant les Troupes de Mariland qui Sont avec luy, et de
laisser a Cumberland une garnison Suffisante.
Avec le reste des Troupes il doit ouvrir le Chemin jusqu'a Reas Town.
S’lls manquent d’outils, come je le Suppose, vous pourres leur en fournir
de la Proportion venue d’Angleterre.
J’en ay laisse pour pres de 200 Hornes a Loudoun et comme nous en
avons grand besoin, Surtout de haches, Je vous prie de nous les faire
envoyer, ne laissant a ce Fort que la quantite necessaire pour reparer les
Chemins.
Je vous expedie les outils de Mineurs'^ que vous aves demande par les
Chariots qui partiront le 2^ Julllet.
Sir John S' Clair Bart
148
30 June 1758
J’aurois besoin de quelques Chevaux legers pour Escortes, Faites S’il
vous Plait partir les premiers qui Seront prets.
J’ay eu ce Soir des nouvelles d'un de mes Partis de Allegheny Hill;
Les Indiens leur font esperer de trouver un bon Chemin.
Je ne Seals Si nos Cherokee Seront toujours d’aussi bonne humeur,
mais ils ont fait aujourdhuy ce que je n’ay jamais oui d’aucun Indien,
C’est de travailler pour nous, et d’aporter quantite d’Ecorce pour couvrlr
nos Magazins. Ceux qui etoient alles avec un Party a Cumberland Sont
revenus dans un Jour, et raportent que le Chemin est fort uni.
Si le General approuve les Chevaux de Bat Envoyes nous en une
Brigade des qu’ils Seront prets, Les 26 Chariots qui Sont arrives ce Soir
ont ete 3 jours et demy depuis Littleton.
II vaudroit mieux [lesjt acheter ces Chevaux pareeque Si on les prend
par Contract, on Sera Servi come avec les Chariots, de tout ce que la
Province pent fournir de plus mauvais.
Je crois qu’il faudroit a chaque Voyage faire visiter les Chariots, et
reformer tout ce qui est mauvais, parcequ'ils retardent les autres, et
doublent la depense.
Je Suis bleu Sincerement
Afon Cher Chevalier
Votre tres humble et tres obeTssant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Letter Col' Bouquett Camp near Raestown 30"* June
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Reas Town, 30th June, 1758.
I have received your letter^ of the 27th, my dear chevalier, and hasten
to reply, to beg you to relieve immediately all the posts of the communi-
cation from Loudoun to this place, and to have me met by the companies
of the Pennsylvania regiment which I left there.
I have only 811 men to use, and besides using them as guards, I have
to construct a foit- and the army storehouses.
I am obliged to build shelters for the provisions and munitions in a
hurry, which doubly delays the work I must do.
t Stricken out.
149
30 June 1758
The Virginia troops object to working without being paid. Not yet
having any definite orders from the general on this matter, I have had
them on duty while the Pennsylvanians were working; but this arrange-
ment constantly giving rise to obstacles, I have given orders this evening
that they should furnish their contingent like the others, giving a gill of
rum a day to each worker.
It will never be my opinion that the soldier in America should be paid
for his work on the campaign. That may be acceptable in Europe, where
he gets no provisions, and where there is little work to be done; but
here where not a step can be taken except by dint of work, if things were
put on such a basis, this army would cost the government more than three
armies of the same strength in Europe.
The communication through Fort Frederic to Cumberland will be
shorter than through Reas Town, and since the general has approved it,
not a moment should be lost in opening it.
I am sending orders^ to Colonel Washington to employ 300 men imme-
diately for this purpose, including the Maryland troops which are with
him, and to leave a sufficient garrison at Cumberland.
With the rest of the troops he is to open the road as far as Reas Town.
If they need tools, as I suppose they do, you can supply them with some
from the allotment arrived from England.
I left tools enough for about 200 men at Loudoun, and as we need them
badly, especially axes, I beg you to have them sent to us, leaving at this
fort only the number necessary to repair the roads.
I am forwarding you the sappers’^ tools which you have requested, by
the wagons which will leave on the 2nd of July.
I would need some light cavalry for escorts. Please dispatch the first
that are ready.
This evening I had news of one of my parties on Allegheny Hill. The
Indians give them hope of finding a good road.
I do not know if our Cherokees will always be so well disposed, but
today they have done what I have never heard of any Indian doing
before. That is working for us, and carrying a quantity of bark to roof
our storehouses. Those who had gone with a party to Cumberland
returned in one day, and report that the road is very level.
If the general approves the pack horses, send them to us m a body as
soon as they are ready. The 26 wagons which arrived this evening took
3 and a half days in coming from Littleton.
It would be better to buy these horses, because if they are taken on
contract, we shall fare the same as with the wagons, by getting all the
worst ones that the province can furnish.
I think it would be necessary to inspect the wagons on each trip, and
150
30 June 1758
repair all the defects, because they delay the others, and double the
expense.
I am very sincerely.
My dear chevalier.
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry. Bouquet
* Original not found. An incomplete A. Df., which probably formed the basis for
this, follows.
^ See St. Clair to Bouquet, June 27.
' Bouquet built Fort Bedford one mile west of Raystown, on the south side of the
Juniata.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, June 27.
* Sappers, in former military terms, were soldiers engaged in digging, or on field works.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 32, A. Df.]*
, , . Camp near Reas Town 30^*^ Tune 1758
Monsieur
J’a}^ receu votre Lettre du 27? et ne perds pas un moment a y repondre
pour vous prier de faire incessamment relever tous les Postes de Communi-
cation depuis Loudoun igy, et de faire jolndre les Comp?® du Reg- de
Pensilvanie que j’y ay laissees.
Je n’ay [pas mille]t que 811 homes en Etat de Servir, et j’ay a
construire un Fort, et de magazins pour toute I’armee;
Je Suis oblige de batir a la hate des Converts pour loger les Provisions
et Ammunitions, ce qui retarde mon ouvrage que je dois faire deux fois.
J’espere que le General Sera a Carlisle a I’arrivee de cette Lettre, et je
n’envoyeray en attendant aucun ordre aux Troupes qui sont a Cumber-
land, excepte d’ouvrir Sans delay la Communication avec Reas Town;
Les troupes de Virginie font difficulte de travailler Sans etre payes,
N’ayant point recu d’ordre precis du General la dessus. [J’ay cherche]t
Je leur ai fait monter les Guards pendant que les autres travaillaients mais
cet arrangement [etolt ayantjt faisant naitre a chaque Instant les diffi-
cultes, J’ay donne ordre aujourdhuy qu’ils fournissent leur Contingent
comme les Autres, pour un Jill de Rum par Jour; [Sit y auxjt a chaque
Travailleur
[Je ne Suis nullement &c]t
Ce ne Sera jamais mon Sentiment que Ton [doivejt paye le Soldat en
Amerique pour Son travail en Campagne: Cela pent passer en Europe
ou ils n’ont point de Provisions [Ton en peu]t Ton a peu d’ouvrages, [un
fairejt mais igy ou I’on ne pent faire un Pas qu’a force de travail
Si I’on Se mettoit Sur ce Pied la, Cette armee couteroit plus au
Gouverment [une triple paye plusjt que trois armees en Europe [si ne
Dans ringratitude du Chemjt
* Compare with A. Df. S. which precedes this,
t Stricken out.
151
30 June 1758
[La Commissi J’avois ecrit au Royau]t
[Le General ayant approuvees la Communication de Fort Frederic a
Cumberland. ]t
Sir John
[La Communjt
La Communication par [Reas Townjt Fort Frederic au Fort Cumber-
land Sera plus courte que celle par Reas Town, et puis que le General I’a
approuver II ne faut pas perdre un moment De I’ouvrir.
J’envoye ordre au Col. Washington d’employer immediatement 300
homes [a a travail couper de et 300 autres p"^ d®]t De cet ouvrage y
Comprenant les Troupes de Maryland qui Sont avec luy; d’en Laisser
[300 autres] t une garnison Suffisante pour la Surete du F*^ Cumber & que
Le Reste des Troupes qui Sont ou arriveront a Cumberland doivent couper
le Chemin pour nous Joindre a Reas Town, [laissant une, Garnison 200
homes au Fort Cumberlandjt S’ils [n’ont pas desjt manquent d’outils,
comme je le Crois Vous pourres leur en fournir, de la proportion venue
d’Angleterre.
J’en ay laisses pour environ 200 homes a Fort Loudoun comme nous
[en]t avons grand besoin igy, Surtout de Haches, Je vous prie de nous
le faire envoyer [Se]t ne laissant a ce Fort que ce qui peutetre necessaire
[pour une 12® homesjt pour reparer les Chemins aux Environ.
[no sig7taUire]
Minos
[Marginal note]
23 Pawlin
12 [Fort Fred]
42 Cumb
77
16
166
150
5 /
3
145
24 Loud:
/
/
—
—
18 Litt
7/ 80 / 11 3/7
498
295
18 Jun
3
457
15 Reas
34
41
30 Carl
105
Stricken out.
152
30 June 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Raystown, June 30, 1758.
Sir,
I received your letter of the 27th, and am not losing a moment in
answering it in order to ask you to have the posts on the communica-
tion from Loudoun to here relieved immediately, and to have the com-
panies of the Pennsylvania Regiment which I left there join [me].
I have only 811 men fit for service, and I have to build a fort and
storehouses for the whole army.
I am obliged to build in haste shelters to store the provisions and
ammunition which doubly delays the work I have to do.
I hope that the general will be at Carlisle when this letter arrives, and
I shall m the meantime send no order to the troops at Cumberland,
except to open the communication with Raystown without delay.
The Virginia troops object to working without pay. As I have not
received any precise order about this from the general, I have had them
stand guard while the others worked, but this arrangement continually
gives rise to difficulties. I gave orders today that they should furnish
their contingent like the others, for a gill of rum a day to each worker.
I am by no means, etc.
It will never be my opinion that the soldier m America should be paid
for his work on campaign. That can be done m Europe where they have
no provisions, and there is little work to be done, but here where not a
step can be taken except by work, if things were put on that basis, this
army would cost the government more than three armies in Europe.
The communication through Eort Erederic to Eort Cumberland will
be shorter than the one through Raystown, and since the general has
approved it, not a moment should be lost in opening it.
I am sending orders to Colonel Washington to employ 300 men imme-
diately on this work, including the Maryland troops which are with him,
to leave a garrison sufficient for the safety of Eort Cumberland, and that
the rest of the troops which are at or will reach Eort Cumberland should
cut the road to meet us at Raystown. If they lack tools, as I think, you
could supply them with some, from the allotment received from
England.
I have left tools enough for about 200 men at Eort Loudoun. As we
have great need here, especially of axes, I beg you to have them sent to
us, leaving at this fort only what may be necessary to repair the roads
thereabout.
[no signature]
COLOXEL SIR JOHN ST. CL.\IR, B.^ronet
Deputy Quarter Master General in Atnerica
From a Miniature by Copley, presented to the
llistoncal Society of Pennsylvania by Dr. Charles Willinj^
4
153
30 June 1758
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 30, L. S.]
Carlile June the 30*** 1758
Dear Sir/
This day I received a Letter^ from the General, and one- for you,
which I forward [ed]t by Express. I am just sending off Captain Ham-
bright with a Troop of horse who has 38 Waggons under his Escort, youll
find that Troop poorly equipt, but I find the Commissionars are resolved
to do nothing, there is 10 of the Virgmea horse gone to Lancaster, to be
equipt: they, with 12 of Captain Thomsons^ will serve as an Escort to
the General.
I wish you had mentioned the number of Pack Sadies you wanted, I am
afraid I did not send you the Quantity you wanted, I am now collecting
all the Pack [ Sadies ]t Horses I can get, and as I get them they shall
be sent to you, a hundred at a time. I am afraid the taking the Waggon
horses for back Loads will not answer, as they are not the same kind of
horses, and I believe these Waggon horses will not hold out long on that
Service. I shall be glad you may find a Waggon Road leaving the
Yougheogany on the left, it is what I never cou’d find. I think the
Experiment is dangerous at present, and going on an uncertaintity; when
by falling down on fort Cumberland, we have our Road opened, shoud
both be made use of, then the Collones of our Army, would be too far
asunder.
I have got a most villanous Article amongst the things sent from Eng-
land Viz. Sea CoaU the next Waggons that comes up I expect loaded with
Lime Stone, if you want any of the board of Ordinance Coals tell me and
they shall be sent you, but you may have charcoal enough where ever
you are, a great Quantity of which is at fort Cumberland.
I have sent a Commissary to Alexandria about the Carolina Forces,
but take my word for it that is an Army in the Clouds. I never expected
them and if we had them they are good for nothing. I am with great
Regard
Sir
Your Most Obedient hum' Servant
John S‘ Clair.
P: S: 1 he General desires Major OrndU may be sent to Philadelphia
he’s to be left to command in the Neighboorhood of fort Allen.
To Col" Bouquet
t Stricken out.
154 30 June 1758
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S* Clair June,
received the 14‘’^ July by neglegt of the bearer answered®
the IS-**
^ Not found.
^Probably Forbes’ letter to Bouquet, June 27, which sec.
®Capt. William Thompson, commissioned, December 21, 1757, in the first battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment.
* Mineral coal, so called to distinguish it from charcoal, perhaps because it was
originally brought to London by sea. (An English term).
® Major Jacob Orndt, commissioned, June 2, 1758, in the first battalion of the Penn-
sylvania Regiment.
® Not found.
1
JULY, 1758
Colonel Bouquet at Raystown, in command of communication.
General Forbes enroute from Philadelphia to Carlisle.
2 Colonel Washington and six Virginia companies at Fort Cumberland.
4 General Forbes and escort arrive at Carlisle.
6 Three companies of Colonel Montgomery’s Highland Battalion and
one hundred men from Lower Counties march to relieve troops at
Fort Littleton and Juniata Crossings.
Colonel William Byrd and eight Virginia companies at Fort Cumber-
land.
9 Major Lewis and two hundred Virginians march from Fort Cumber-
land to Raystown.
10 Colonel George Vlercer and three Virginia companies start work on
road from Fort Cumberland toward Raystown.
Captain Dagworthy and two hundred Maryland troops start work
on road from Fort Cumberland toward Fort Frederick.
11 Highlanders and Provincials escort forty wagons of supplies to Rays-
town.
Major Grant and four Highland companies arrive at Carlisle with
supplies from Philadelphia.
Tedyuskung attends Indian conference at Philadelphia.
12 Pennsylvania artillery, six provincial, and two Highland companies
enroute from Carlisle to Shlppensburg.
13 Indians kill two men and capture one, near Fort Cumberland.
Council of war at Lake George decides to build fort at Oneida Carry-
ing Place, and to send expedition against Fort Frontenac.
14 News of Abercromby’s landing and repulse at Ticonderoga, July 6-8'.
15 Wagon brigade arrives at Raystown with supplies.
Christian Frederick Post leaves Phdadelphia on peace mission to
Ohio Indians.
17 Pack horses enroute from Carlisle to Raystown with supplies.
22 Three hundred Virginians, under Major Peachy, repair Braddock’s
road.
23 Major Armstrong and party set out from Raystown to mark road to
Loyalhanna.
25 Beginning of controversy between Washington and Bouquet over
routes.
Smallpox in Bouquet’s camp at Raystown. ' ' ■ ' "
155
31
156
1 July 1758
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
|L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 104, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town July 1758
Sir
General Forbes having orderecB a Communication to be opened from
Fort Frederic to Cumberland; I must desire that you will order three
Hundert men /Including the Maryland Troops under your Command/
to begin to cut on your Side the Said Road already blazed towards Fort
Frederic, and to proceed until they meet the 500 men employed to cut
from FI Frederic: They must have Waggons to carry their Tools, Rum,
and Provisions.
If you want Tools, Please to apply to Sir John S* Clair, or to Governor
Sharpe.
Besides that Detatchment, you will garrison Fort Cumberland, and
with the remainder of your Troops, open the Road to Reas Town, where
I hope to have Soon the Pleasure to See you, and Col. Byrd.
I am with the highest regard
Sir
Your most obedient and most hble servant
Henry Bouquet
Colonel Washington
\ Endorsed] Colonel Bouquet P* July 1758.
* A. Df. S. is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 1. Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Wash-
ington. II, 342.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, June 19.
BOUQUET TO GORDON
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, I. 136A, A. L. S.]
[Raystown, July 2, 1758]
Sir
You have desired that something Should be [included in?] the orders^
besides the Trades men I have forgot it. Please to let me know what it
was.^
July the 2-’ 1758
I am Sir
Your obed* hble serv^
Henry Bouquet
To CapI Gordon:
P: S: M"" [Lyons]’’ must have the list of all the Trades men you employ,
and pay them every Saturday upon your Certificate.
See Bouquet Orderly Book, July 2.
* See Gordon to Bouquet, July 2.
* Lieut. William Lyon.
157
Sir
2 July 1758
GORDON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 136, A. L. S.]
[Juniata] 2 July 1758
I shall order the [ Lists] t Returns^ to be given to Lieu* Lyons to be cer-
tified by the Sub Engineers & Overseers and the Payment ordered by me
at the Bottom which is agreable to the Forms of our Office and as Such
the Vouchers will be compleat.
The other Thing was to get Returned the Names of the Miners.
I am Respectfully Sir
Your most obed*
Harry Gordon
To Colonel Henry Bouquet
* Not found.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 2, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Fort Cumberland 3'’ July 1758.
Sir
Your favours^ of the 27*’’ Ulf? and first Ins^ I have had the Honor to
receive.
According to Order* I marchd from Winchester the 24*’’ and arrivd at
this place Yesterday in the Afternoon with five Companies of the first
Virginia Regiment and a Company of Artificers of the Second, as you
may observe by the Inclosd return.^
My March by bad Teams, and bad Roads /notwithstanding I had sent
the Artificers and a covering Party on three days before me/ was much
delayd. I herewith send a Return"* of the Provisions and Forage that
came up under my Escort. We lost three of the Bullocks and that in
driving. I cant absolutely say for what purpose the Forage is intended,
or where to be lodgd — it was engaged by M* Walker'’ at Sir Jn” S* clairs
request and I believe for the light Horse. The principal part of it met
us at Pearsalls on the South Branch; and neither myself, nor any Person
else was empowered, or even desird to receive and pay for it: I was at a
loss how to act but thought it most advisable to bring it on — if it is not
intended for the light Horse as I apprehend, I should be glad of your
directions concerning it. — for Capf* Stewart® who possibly may be In-
structed for this purpose I left equipping his Troop at Winchester and
is not yet joind me.
+ Stricken out.
158
3 July 1758
As I cant suppose you intended to order an}^ part of my Men upon
the Roads, till joind at this place by Col° Byrd; I shall decline sending
any upon that Service till his arrival; which I suppose may be to morrow
as he was preparing to March the 26-’^ after me.
I enclose you an exact Return^ of the Maryland Troops in Garrison at
this place — also of their Provisions, — and of the Kings Stores and shoud
be glad to know what strength you woud have this Garrison consist of
how many days Provisions left for them and what quantity of Ammuni-
tion. I brought one half of all that was orderd from Winchester by Sir
Jn“ S* and left the other half to follow with CoP Byrd, Powder excepted,
& of that Article there was only 16 Barrels in the Stores there, besides 6
others that were made up into Cartridges — which are also brought up
between Us.
M’' Walker in consequence of Instructions from M?’ Hoops /who I be-
lieve purposd to supply us from Rays Town/ put a stop to a further pur-
chase of Provisions: you will see hy the Returns for what number of
days I am supplied, and I desird CoP Byrd to bring as much to this
place as woud serve his Men a fortnight at least. I gm at a loss to know
whether Officers Servants that are not Soldiers, are allowd to draw Pro-
visions and shoud be thankful for your direction’s as I have had many
applications on y* head
There are few Tools for the Services requird — but before a Supply coud
be got to this place from Sir Jn° S- Clair or Governor Sharpe the Work
/with what few we have/ I hope may he near done. Rum too I fear, will
be a scarce Article with us.
Pray what will be done with that Company of Byrds Regim* Orderd
to take Post at Edward’s and Pearsalls — shall tEey continue there, or
join their Regiment — I left in consequence of y'' Orders an Officer & 30
Men /Invalids/ at Fort Loudoun for safety of the Stores &c“ lodgd there,
and also a Sergeant and 12 at Pearsalls to secure that Post, & keep open
that Road for Expresses /for no more can be expected from so small a
Command/ — Byrd I hope will leave 6 or 8 of his Invalids or bad Men at
Edwards’s for the same purpose.
There came 28 Waggons to this place with me, and I believe if they
were wanted, 10 more might be had upon the S® Branch strong and good:
hut Carrying Horses are certainly more eligable for the Service we are
destmd.
I have used my best endeavours to get my Men equipd with powder
Horns and Shott Pouches and have procurd 330 of the former and 339
of the latter, besides the Linnen ones with which we are compleat. >
I have receivd a very Scanty allowance of Tents to the 5 Companies
with me, viz. Sixty nine [of]t only, out of these most of the Officers rriust
t Stricken out.
159
3 July 1758
be supplied, or lye uncoverd — they will readily pay for what they receive
if required. No Bell Tents were sent to us.
My Men are very bare of Cloaths /Regimentals I mean/ and I have
no prospect of a Supply — this want, so far from regretting during this
Campaigne, that were I left to pursue my own Inclinations I woud not
only cause the Men to Adopt the Indian Dress but Officers also, and set
the example myself: nothing but the uncertainty of its taking with the
General causes me to hesitate a moment at leaving my Regimentals at
this place, and proceeding as light as any Indian in the Woods — tis an
unbecoming dress I confess for an Officer, but convenience rather than
shew I think shoud be consulted — the Reduction of Bat-Horses alone is
sufficient to recommend it, for nothing is more certain than that less
Baggage will be requird, and that the Publick will be benifitted in
Proportion.
I was desirous of being thus full in my letter to you, how far it may
be consistent with good Policy, as there is at least a possibility of its
falling into the Enemy’s hands I know not, but I shall be directed in these
Affairs by you.
With ver)^ great regard I am Sir,
Y'’ Most Obed^ and Most H*’*® Serv^
G® Washington
To [Col. Henry Bouquet commanding at Raystown]
\Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] 3'^ July Answered®
* Printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 226-229.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, June 27 and July 1.
"Sir John St. Clair’s Orders to Washington, June 12, are printed in Hamilton, Letters
to Washington, II, 320-321.
^ Not found.
* Not found.
“Dr. Thomas Walker.
“ Capt. Robert Stewart, of the Virginia Troop of Light Horse.
’These returns are in the Washington Papers, dated July 2.
" Possibly Bouquet to Washington, July 8, which see.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 4, A. L. S.]*
[Camp near Fort Cumberland, July 3, 1758]
Sir
Since closing mine’ of this date a dispute has arose between an Assistant
Commissary of M? Hoops /namely M? Joseph Gailbralth/- and I, abl
Salt. Our Stock of Meat is mostly Fresh and he refuses to provide Salt
for it — whether it is his duty or not to do it, I can’t say — but unless it is
160
4 July 1758
done, the Men must inevitably be visited with fluxes and other Disorders
that may render them incapable of immediate Service. There is some
Salt at this place belonging to Virginia, which I shall make use of till
I receive your Orders on this head.
There is one Jn° M'^Cullough^ here, who would make an exceeding
good Waggon Master; and we shall certainly want one or two, if all the
Waggons that I have, together with those which Col" Byrd may bring
shoud be detaind in the Service.
I shoud be glad to know if such Persons are allowd — and if they are,
how many Waggons each takes charge of, and their Pay p’' Day.
I am Sir,
with very g*^ regard Y*'
Most Obed- Serv^
G" Washington
July 1758
Col" Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Washington
[Addressed] On his Majesty's Service To Col" Bouquet Commanding
His Majesty's Forces — at Rays Town
’‘An A. Df. is printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 229-230.
’ See preceding letter.
^Galbraith acted as commissary at Fort Cumberland, 1758-1759.
“John McCullough was a trader from the South Branch of the Potomac River. Cf.
Tulleken’s letter to Bouquet, April 2, 1760, B. M., Add. MSS. 21645, f. 96.
BOUQUET TO BILLINGS
[Camp near Raystown, July 4, 1758]
Letter is missing, but was received at Fort Loudoun, Penna., by Ourry. See Ourry to
Bouquet, July 8. There is no indication as to the contents of the letter.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 4, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun July y" 4^^ 1758
Dear Sir,
I long much to be nearer your Person; I have a very troublesome Post
here, not so much by the Continual fatigue that attends it, as for want
of proper Directions how to act in Several Cases, & also the want of neces-
161
4 July 1758
sary Work-men & Tools on ver}' pressing Occasions. We have neither
Blacksmiths, Farriers, nor Waggon Makers, nor Tools for either, and
every Day Waggons breaking to pieces, & Horses wanting Shoes: How-
ever we make a Shift, ’tho’ a poor one, with our Hatchet Men, & such
other Soldiers whose Trade can be of Service. The few Nails that I had
brought with me are almost expended. I have this Day wrote to S?' John
to beg he would be pleas’d to order some up here, with such Tools as are
absolutely necessary for making Axletrees & repairing other Damages that
daily happen to Waggons.
The Roads about here want some repairs in Many Places, but the few
Men we have being continually harrass’d with escorting up & down ren-
ders it impossible to employ them on that Duty, except where the Road
becomes intirely impracticable, w’hich has been the Case twice at the
Creek^ just above us, where I have been two several times, but I believe
it will now hold good a long while. I was there yesterday w’ith twenty
Men & have render’d the going in & out of the Water, very Smooth &
easy, by falling a few Trees & making an opening a little on one Side of
the Old Ford.
I had wrote to Carlisle for Oats, for the use of Horses employ’d to
Carry Expresses, or Officers going on Command; and desired St John S-
Clair would be so kind to send me his particular Orders to whom, & in what
proportions to deliver them. I have since received Seven or Eight Hun-
dred Bags of Indian Corn, & about 250 of Oats, besides an uncertain
Quantity loaded in bulk in Six Waggons, for want of Bags. These Wag-
gons (above 30) had carried Provisions & Bombshels to Fort Frederick
under Escort of Cap^ Jocelyn; there they loaded this Grain, & were
escorted hither by a party of the New Levies, and all return’d to Carlisle.
But I have no Directions at all about this Corn, ’tho’ frequent Demands.
And I issue none out, but on very pressing Occasions, and very Sparingly.
All the Waggoners that come down apply to me, saying that their Florses
are giving out, but, as I find by some Questions I put to them, that they
were allow’d none above, & that besides they were given to understand
that they should expect none ’till they got to Carlisle, I have contented
myself with directing them where to get good Grass to cut, especially hav-
ing no Order to Supply them with Corn.
I am sorry any Officer’s Indiscretion has given Occasion for your late
Order- to the Waggon Masters; I used my Endeavours with some of them,
especially the Provincials to prevent any thing of that kind.
Mals cela fait pitie, de voir de quelle maniere ils se prennent a escorter
un Convoy.
162
4 July 1758
II y a dix ou douze Jours, que nous decouvrimes, a un demi-Mille du
Camp, un Home, qui, pendant deux Jours, avoir cause beaucoup
d’Yvrognerie parmi nos Soldats. D’abord je le fis Saisir avec tout son fait,
qui consistoit en deux Barrils de dix Gallons Chacun, presque vuide, &
trois Chevaux; je fis amener le tout devant Capt® Harding, qui ordonna
une Court of Inquiry sur le Raport de laquelle il appointa une Court
Martial qui confisqua au Roy, les Vaisseaux & Bestiaux du Prisonier, &
jugea que de plus il remetroit I’argent qu’il avoir regu des Soldats, pour
le bien des Malades. J’eu Thoneur de presider a les deux importantes
Sceances, & Capitaine Harding approuva routes nos Deliberations & notre
Sentence.^ But out of Defidence of himself, & Defference to S*" John S-
Clair he sent him by Express the proceedings'* of the Courts of Inquiry
&c: telling him that ’tho’ he approved of the Sentence, yet, as it was on
a Subject he was not very well acquainted with he did not chuse to put
it in Execution without his Approbation, & that, therefore, he would keep
the Prisoner in Custody ’till he should know his Pleasure. The Express
return’d with great expedition, & told Captain Harding, that S^ John, after
having read his Letter,® bid him go back as soon as he pleas’d for he had
no Answer for him. De sorte que notre Homme demeure toujours
prisonier. Mais les Chevaux ont Deserte.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre. Monsieur,
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant Ser®
L® OURRY
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzuriting] Lieut- Ourry July 4*’^
‘ Probably Conococheague Creek.
"Notice to Wagoners, May 28, 1758, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 11. This will
be published in volume I of the Bouquet Papers.
^ “But it is pitiful to see the way they go about escorting a convoy.
“Ten or twelve days ago we discovered within a half mile of the camp a man,
who for two days was the cause of much drunkeness among our soldiers. .4t first,
I had him seized with all his goods, consisting of two barrels of ten gallons each,
almost empty, and three horses. I had everything brought before Captain Harding
who ordered a court of inquiry on whose report he appointed a Court Martial,
which confiscated for the King, the prisoner’s containers and animals and decided,
moreover, that he should return the money he had received from the soldiers, for
the benefit of the sick. I had the honor to preside at the two important sessions
and Captain Harding approved all our proceedings and our sentence.”
^ Not found.
^ Not found.
° “The result is that our man remains a prisoner, but the horses have deserted.
“I have the honor to be. Sir, your most humble and most obedient servant.”
163
5 July 1758
GLEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 137, A. L. S.]
Camp at Fort Cumberland July 5**^ 1758
Dear Sir
As I hope to have the pleasure soon of kissing your hands at Rae’s
TownJ I defer saying any thing to you but that I am well, I write by the
light of a farthing candle, uneasiely seated, and there are a thousand bells
rattling I cannot say ringing, round me, however it does not require much
study to assure you that I rejoice at the thoughts of seeing you soon, let
me know where Gen' Forbes is, and if you have heard of Col. Montgomery
I presume he has not got your length yet. I hear you have laid aside all
thoughts of a road directly from where you are to Fort duQuesne. I am
with great truth
Dear Colonel
Your Most Obedient Ser*
James Glen
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] James Glen Esq"^ answered the
8«' July"
^ Raystown.
■ Not found.
STANWIX TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 72, L. S.]
[Albany, July 5, 1758]
[ABSTRACT]
Transmits news of success at Louisburg. Encloses JournaP of proceedings of fleet and
army at Louisburg, B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 44, and probably .'\bercromby’s letter
which Stanwix indicates accompanied it.
[Endorsed in Botcquet’s handwriting] Gen' Stanwix to Gen? Forbes.
Albany 5?*^ July 1758
^The Journal was sent by Monckton to .^bercromby, June 23, who in turn forwarded
it to Stanwix. See abstract of Journal, p. 132.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 74, A. L. S.]*
Sir
[Carlisle, July 6, 1758]
I came to this place night before last and did not find things quite so
well as I could have wished particularly the Waggons, which by mixing of
164 6 July 1758
Brigades and employing Waggon masters promiscuously, have fallen into
the greatest Confusion.
The provincial! troops are not much better but by making a Detatch-
ment of 15 Men p Company from the 3 pensylvania Reg*® I shall leave
the posts guarded betwixt the Delaware & Susquehanah, by that detatch-
ment, as also furnish Escorts from the frontiers back as far as Lancaster.
The rest shall march up the Country directly. The 3 Additional! Comp^®
of Montgomerys, and Cap* MTenzies* of the old Batt“ with Cap*
ATlaughans- Company of 100 Men from the Lower Countys, are all gone
to Fort Littleton & the post on the Juniata with orders to send forward
to you any other troops that may at present be posted there.
I expect every thing here this week. So shall be setting forward the
beginning of next week.
I approve of your giving no money for working if you can carry it
through.
M'" Gist writes^ that there are now at Winchester 129 Catawbas Tusca-
roras^ & Nottaways® newly arrived that he is going to march them to
Fort Cumberland, so you may send what will be necessary to equip them
there, or bring them to you, as You judge proper.
He has Intelligence of a large party of Indians with some white men,
being discoverd in the Westermost part of Augusta County^* steering
towards Bedford & Hallifax.'^ Those he Supposes to be the little Car-
penter and he says that if it proves so, he will wait for him and carry
him to Fort Cumberland along with him. So if Governour Glen be gone
to Fort Cumberland with Col: B3Td I hope all will go well. I think
Bosomworth should go to gett them equlpt if he can be spared.
S'’’ John S*clair was the person who first advised me to go by Raes town,
why he has altered his Sentiments I do not know, or to what purpose
make the road from Fort Frederick to Cumberland, as most Certainly
wee shall now all go by Raes town, but I am affraid that S*'' John is led
by passions, he says he knows very well that wee shall not find a road
from Raes town across the Allegany, and that to go by Raes town to
F Cumberland is a great way about, but this he ought to have said two
months ago or hold his peace now.
Pray examine the Country tother side of the Allegany particularly the
Laurell Ridge that he says its impossible wee can pass, without going
into Braddocks old road. What his views are in those Suggestions I know
not, but I should be sorry to be oblidged to alter ones schemes so late in
the day, particularly as it was S*'’ Johns proper business to have forseen
and to have foretold all this, who to the Contrary was the first adviser.
165
7 July 1758
Let the road to Fort Cumberland from Raes town be finished with all
Deligence, because if w'ee must go by Fort Cumberland it must be through
Raes town, as it is now too late to make use of the road by Fort Frederick,
and I fancy you will agree that with the addition of those Indians now
at Winchester & the little Carpenter, that there is no time to be lost. Let
me hear from you [your]t how all goes &:c & believe me with reall
Sincerity
Y'' most hum'® Serv^
Jo; Forbes.
Carlisle July 6***
C: Bou:
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] General Forbes Carlisle 6"^ July
answered the IL'^^ as Soon as receiv’d
[Addressed] To CoF Bouquet Raes Town
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 128-130.
t Stricken out.
’■Probably Capt. Ale.xander McKenzie, commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th
Regiment, although Hugh and Roderick McKenzie held similar commissions in the
same regiment.
* Capt. John McClughan, commissioned, April 16, 1758. Cf. his letter to Denny,
printed in Pa. Arch., Series 2. II, 717.
® Letter not found.
* The Tuscaroras were the last tribe to join the Iroquois Confederacy.
° The Nottoway Indians were an Iroquoian tribe formerly residing on the Nottoway
River in southeastern Virginia.
“Augusta County, Va.
’The counties of Bedford and Halifa.x. in the southern part of Virginia.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, July 11.
MORGAN! TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 141, A. L. S.]
Hon’*! Sir
[Juniata, July 7, 1758]
Ensign Matthews- return’d back with his party after pursuing the
Deserters and brought home five of them, he informs me that when he
came with them, they fired upon him & his party; & then they fled as
fast as possible they could & divided themselves in such a Manner that
it was impossible to follow their tracts further; their Luggages with their
Cloaths they left which they brought with them to y® Camp I have sent
them up under Command of Ensign Bird^ to your Honour; to use your
Honours pleasure with them; I have nothing new to Communicate but
166 7 July 1758
when any thing offers of Moment, shall not fail to acquaint your Honour,
& Remains
Hon’*^ Sir
Your Honours most Obedient & most Hum'® Servant
Camp at Juniata Jacob Morgan
July y® 7«' 1758 /
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Cap^ Morgan’s Acc? of the taking
up five of the deserters from Juniata
[Addressed] To Colo" Broquett Esq'' Commander at Rays Town
' Capt. Jacob Morgan, commissioned, December 18, 17S7, in the second battalion of the
Pennsjdvania Regiment.
Ens. Edmund Matthews, commissioned, March 12, 1758, in the first battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment, promoted to rank of lieutenant in 1759.
® Possibly Ens. John Baird (Bard), commissioned, March 13, 1758, in the second
battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment, promoted to rank of lieutenant in 1759.
MORGAN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 139, L. S.]
[Juniata, July 7, 1758]
Honoured Sir!
Just this Moment one of the Deserters came on the other side of the
Creek over against the Spring, and as some Men was going to fetch
Water he called to them, and told them for to come and speak to the
Comandmg officer & Acquaint him that he would Surrender himself up,
and begged that he would do his Endeavour to have him Pardoned by
the Comander in Chief, and as I am fully perswaded; that he was per-
swaded by some others I would leave him to your Honours Clemency.
He is hereby sent as Prisoner. After my Due Compliments to you.
I Remain with the greatest Respect
Honoured Sir
Crossing at Juniata ) Your very obedient humble Servant |
7 July 1758. / Jacob Morgan
Cap^ Weiser^ desires his J
Compliments to you (
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Capf Morgan in behalf of One of
the deserters from Juniatta
[Addressed] To Henry Bouquet Esquire Commander at Rays-Town
p'' Favour of Cap* Hambright
^Capt. Samuel Weiser.
7 July 1758
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 6, A. L. S.]
167
Camp near Fort Cumberland 7*’' July 1758.
Sir
CoE Byrd with 8 Companies of his Regiment arrivd here Yesterday.
He left many Sick Men behind him as may be seen bj^ the Inclosed
Return^ — this diminution, together with the Company^ Posted at Ed-
wards’s & Pearsalls reduces our strength considerably.
I am a good deal at a loss therefore to know how to act for the best,
since your last Orders for joining you at Rays Town were not positive,
and seemd to be given on a Supposition that Walker either coud not,
or was not to supply us with Provisions here. — your doubts on this head
will in some measure be obviated when you see M?' Walkers Letter^ to me,
and the returns^ of our Provisions which I now send. If this therefore
was your motive for desiring a Garrison to be left at this place and for
me to March on to Rays Town with the remainder of the Virginia Troops
You will I presume countermand our March to that place for the follow-
ing Reason’s — first because 300 Men may I think open the Communica-
tion to Rays Town with safety and with much greater ease and Con-
venience than if our whole Body Marches on incumberd with a number
of Waggons — Secondly it will if the Army is oblig’d to take this Rout as
I am told from all hands it inevitably must, prevent the fatigues of a
Counter March to Men & Horses just going upon Service; — Thirdly it
will afford us an opportunity of lodging our Provisions and Stores here
while the Waggon’s may return for another Convoy, & by that means
save the great expence of transporting them to Rays Town and back
again if we shoud not be able to proceed on from thence— and fourthly —
CoE Byrd assures me that the Indians with him absolutelv refuse to
March any other Road than this they know
I was advisd to hint these matters to you, & wait the result of jmur
answer before I put the whole in Motion — whatever you direct [I shall
execute]! under these Circumstances I shall execute with as much punctu-
allity & expedition as in my power. I enclose a return^ of the N“ of
Waggons now at this place that you may be a judge of y® Expence.
Capt" Dagworthy® telling me that Gov*' Sharpe is to open the Road
to the Town Creek,'^ which is within 15 Miles of this place and as Mary-
land has near 200 Men here fit for Duty I hope jmu will be of opinion
that they are sufficiently strong to [ . . . ]t proceed on the Fort Frederick
Road without a Reinforcement from us, especially if you will please to
consider at y® same time that they are in a manner coverd bv the Troops
+ Stricken out.
168
8 July 1758
at this place and those which may be employ’d on the Road to Rays
Town on which I shall Send a Detachment [upon]t tomorrow to cut untill
I receive your further Orders.
A Pretty good stock of liquor came up with the last Convoy. We have
no Hay at this place — twas Corn I calld forage. We shall have Tools
sufficient for opening the Road to Rays Town among the Artificers of
Byrds Regiment and I enclose a list® of what is here belonging to Mary-
land that you may be able to judge of our wants.
I am sorry to hear that the Cuttawbas have so egregiously misbehavd
themselves — when I write® to the Govt of Virginia which I expect may
be in a few days I shall touch on this Subject.
I am Sir
Yt most Obed^ Serv-
G*’ Washington
P. S. Please to excuse my Blotting — my Paper is wet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Col. Washington 7-** July An-
swered the
* Printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 230-232.
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
" St. Clair’s orders to Washington, June 13.
® Dr. Thomas Walker’s letter not found.
* Not found.
^ Not found.
"Capt. John Dagworthy of the Maryland troops, in command at Fort Cumberland,
was superseded by Washington, and later promoted to rank of lieutenant colonel.
’ Town Creek enters the Potomac from the north, at Old Town, Md.
® Not found.
® Washington to Fauquier, July 10, printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington,
II, 233-234.
See Bouquet to Washington, July 8.
BOUQUET TO GLEN
[Raystown, July 8, 1758]
Letter missing, but apparently written, as Bouquet noted Glen’s letter of July 5,
in the endorsement, as answered, July 8. There is no indication of the contents of the
letter, except the probable answers to Glen’s questions regarding Forbes and Montgomery.
169
8 July 1758
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 125, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 8*^ July 1758
Sir
The only Reason I had to desire you to march w-*^ your Troops to
Reas Town was the Scarcity of your Provisions, as it would otherwise
not be adviseable to move you, till the General is fully determined upon
the different Roads.
As I See that you can be Subsisted for a Sufficient time, you will Stay
at Cumberland till further orders.
All your Waggons must be Sent immediately back for the other Convoy,
keeping only with you the number wanted to carry Provisions to the 300
men who are cutting this Road taking the Same precaution for the 200
Marylanders who are to cut towards Fort Frederic.
As I have not here a Number of Troops sufficient for all the different
Services, of Partys, Escorts, & Works, You will be pleased to Send me
to morrow a detachment of 200 men by the Path,^ and as your Troops
are allowed Bat Money,- I Suppose that you may provide them w^*^ the
necessary Carrying Horses for their Tents. I Shall in the beginning of
next Week open our Communication on this Side to meet your 300 Men.
I have ordered a Party of 100 Men on the other Side of the Allegheny.
Mt Fraser^ the Cap- of the Guides, and J” Walker^ being best
acquainted w-^ the different Paths, I Shall be obliged to you to Send
them both to me to morrow.
General Abercrombie has taken Possession of the Lakes: Gen' Forbes
was expected at Carlisle the first Inst^ No Letters from him.
I am
Sir
Your most obed‘ & hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
Col. Washington
[Endorsed] Colonel Bouquet 8-'* July 1758
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to W ashington, II, 350-351.
* Probably a branch of the Warriors Path, which ran from Raystown southward along
the foot of Will’s Mountain to the mouth of Will’s Creek, near Fort Cumberland.
^ Bat money for hiring baggage horses.
'’Probably John Fraser, famous Indian trader and gunsmith, of Venango and Turtle
Creek.
‘John Walker. See St. Clair to Bouquet, June 9 and 11.
170
8 July 1758
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 76, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle
Saturday 8«^ July 1758
Dear Sir
I do myselfe the pleasure of mcrosing you an Extract of some General
orders/ that General Forbes has given out to the Troops Encamp’d
here; and which he has directed me to inform you, he is desirous that
you will publish to the Troops under your Command. I likewise trans-
mit a Copy of them to the Commanding Officer^ at Fort Cumberland,
which I must beg you will be so good to forward by the first opportunity.
The last of the Artillery, & Highlanders, we expect here in two days,
the ijeneral proposes giveing them one halting day to settle their afairs,
& refresh their horses, he then intends they shall proceed to Reastown,
&: will accompany them himselfe, at which place till I have the pleasure
of seeing I remain
Dear Sir
Your most obedient and most humble Servant
Francis Halkett
Col: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] From Brigade Major Halkett
July
Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 130.
^Probably general orders for July 6. See Bouquet’s Orderly Book.
■ Capt. John Dagworthy.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 7, A. L. S.]
S^
Fort Loudoun July y® 1758
When Capt" Lander came thro’ Lancaster, he took out of the Jail
there, two Deserters of the 2'^ Batf? viz^ Nich? Fay & John Newhouse.^
LieuU Billings had paid forty Shillings for the taking them up (Capt"
Bosomworth know of that) and Capt" Lander paid for their Board &c"
They say they Surrender’d themselves up voluntarily, for which reason,
S'' John S*^ Clair order’d Cap3 Lander to March them up Prisoners hither,
with Directions to Capt"? Harding to inform you of these Circumstances,
&: recommend them, from him, to your Lenity. Capl Harding intends
to bring them along with him, when our Companies march up, unless your
Orders require them sooner.
Lieut* Bentinck^ has received the Chest of Shirts from AT Henry,^
which I mention’d in a former Let** to be in Henry Beerbower’s" Waggon.
171
8 July 1758
I have forwarded the Chest of hliners Tools, that I rec*^ from Reas
Town to Fort Frederick, agreable to S^' John’s Orders.®
The three Companies of Royal Americans, are in health & good Spirits,
and long to join you.
Capt° Harding & the rest of our Gentlemen desire Compliments to you
I am
Your Most humble ik most obedient Servant
L? OuRRY
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting]
LieuT Ourry Answered"
^Neither man identified. See Ourry to Bouquet, July 13.
"Lieut. Rudolph Bentinck, commissioned, February, 1756, in the 62nd Hater 60th)
Regiment, a relative of the Duke of Portland, and a personal friend of Bouquet.
^ Possibly Mr. Henry, the gunsmith, previously mentioned.
* Hot found.
° Not identified.
“St. Clair's orders not found.
’Letter not found, but probably referred to in Ourry’s to Bouquet, July 13, which see.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 6, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun July y® 8-’’ 1758
Sir,
Your LetH of the T'’ Insf to L5 Billings just now Came to hand, and,
as there is this Aioment an opportunity of Sending up, I have coppied
out of my Book, the General Articles- in which the Cash I had rec‘^
from you has been employ’d, at different Times: And, enclos’d I send it
you. I wish time would permit me to write it more fair: but, I thought
you would rather have it, now, so rough, than wait an other opportunity,
to have it something neater; Since that would make no difference in the
Material Point. I have only time to add, that, I am
Sir,
Your most humble & most Obedient Serv’
L® Ourry
Cob Bouquet.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Acc’® by L’ Ourrv
’ Not found.
’ See Ourrv’’s Account of Expenditures, which follows.
172
8 July 1758
OURRY: ACCOUNT OF EXPENDITURES!
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 1, A. C. S.]
An Accompt of Money paid by Lieut- Lewis Ourry,
for the following Articles.
[July 8, 1758]
1758
£
S
June ]
To Capt" Bosomworth, by your Order
100"
0
8
. Alary Laviston,” by D“ for a Cow
kill’d &c:
1"
10
10
. Mt Adam Hoops . by Ditto
. 400"
0
19
Capt" Gordon, to deliver to vou
. 150"
0
Capt" Bosomworth for Waggons . .
. . 15"
0
666
10
0
To Expresses, HorSe-hire, & bringing
in
Stray Horses
17
5
6
To the Sick Indian for Wine Sugar
S
Milk &c
0" 8"
0
To other Indians by Capt" Paris’s^ 1
Order for several Articles >
1" 1"
9
from the Suttler )
1
9
9
To Tradesmen’s Bills, including \
Capt" Gordon’s Accompts for f
'JQ// 1//
Grinding Stones Lead Nails 1
JO i
0
&C''> )
To James Rawb^ for 300 Tommahawks
30" 0"
0
68
1
6
To Several trifling Occasional j
Expences at Lancaster & /
1
9
5
Carlisle )
To Waggoners at Lancaster, Carlisle, \
281
and Eort Loudoun /
O
To the following Waggon Alasters^ on
Acc- viz-
William Little
. 5" 0"
0
Alathew Dill
.10" 0"
0
Mathew Harris
. 0" 15"
0
15
15
0
Total paid
1052
7
8
Rec'! from Cob Bouquet
1000
0
0
Ballance
0052
7
8
Errors Excepted
L®- Ourry
Mastt R. A. R.
1
173
9 July 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handtvriting] Acc- of the
£ 1000 received by L* Ourry
^This was enclosed in Ourry ’s letter to Bouquet, July 8, which see.
^ Not identified.
°Capt. Richard Pearis, or Paris, an old Indian trader, apparently raised a company
in the Virginia Regiment, in 1757, then accepted a commission in the Maryland
troops. Cf. Washington’s letter to Dinwiddie, June 10, 1757, printed in Fitzpatrick,
Writings of Washmgton, II, 47-52.
^Possibly James Robe, or Robb, a gunsmith for the Pennsylvania troops in 1758.
® Matthew Dill was magistrate in Cumberland County in 1750. No identification for
the others.
BYRD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 143, A. L. S.]
[Fort Cumberland, July 9, 1758]
Dear Sir
In obedience to 3mur Commands I shall this Afternoon send off four
of my Indians, & tomorrow six more towards Fort Duquesne with In-
structions to take a Prisoner if possible. I have enough of Yellow Shalloon
to make Fillets for to distinguish them k hope soon to rend[e]r you a
good Account of their Scout. I have some reason to think the whole
Party ma\" be kept to be of Service to the General on the Expedition,
provided he goes the old Road, otherwise I am affraid the}" will return;
for they tell me they will not go by Ra^^’s Town.
I am glad to hear Captain Field^ behaves himself in such a Manner
as to merit jmur Approbation. It will at all times give me Pleasure to
have any one belonging to me of Service to \'ou. I must presume so far
on 3"our Favour as to recommend Cap* Flemming- & his Company to
j"our Notice, who goes to join you. Col° Mercer® marches tomorrow with
two other Companys of mine & one of CoP Washington’s Regiment. I
take the Liberty to intreat 3"ou Sir to send him back to me as soon as
he has open’d the Communication, for he is of great Service here.
I am no Stranger to the hurt}" of your Business & the number of your
Dispatches, therefore I will intrude no longer on 3'our time than to assure
3mu I am with the highest Esteem & Regard
Dear Sir
Your Most Obdl & Most IP?'® Se*
W. Byrd
Camp at Fort Cumberland Jul}" 9^*^ 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Byrd 9-'' July 1758
^ Capt. John Field.
’Capt. William Fleming, surgeon, commissioned as ensign in Washington’s regiment
and promoted to rank of lieutenant, c. June 1757, later advanced to captain.
“ Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
174
9 July 1758
STANWIX TO DE LANCEY^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 77, C.]*
[Albany, July 9, 1758, at midnight.]
[ABSTRACT]
General state of affairs necessitates raising of militia, under De Lancey’s direction.
Lord Howe’s" death lamented.
* Printed in Col. Rees., VIII, 146-147. Original not found.
'James De Lancey (1703-1760), chief justice and lieutenant-governor of New York,
1753-17SS and 1757-1760. This letter was enclosed by De Lancey in his to Denny,
July 12, and forwarded to Forbes.
'George Augustus, third Viscount Howe (1724-1758), brigadier general and second
in command under Abercromby, was kdled at Ticonderoga, July 6, 1758.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 8, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Fort Cumberland 9^*' July 1758.
Sir
Your favour of Yesterday^ was deliverd me last Night. I immediately
directed all your Orders to be executed The Waggons /save those at-
tending the Road cutters/ go of to day. Three Companies under CoE
Mercer- proceeds on the Rays Town Road, which we began to open
Yesterday; they carry 6 days Pro"® with them, and are to apply to you
for more if that don’t suffice. Capt" Dagworthy & y® Marylanders begin
to open their Road to Morrow, and are furnished with 10 days Provisions;
but an extraordinary affair has happened in regard to their Provisions
I mean their having no Flour no withstanding 6000 and better was
included in a return which I sent you signed by their Commissary. I
have been obhgd already to supply them with 2000 W- of this Article
& should be glad to know if they are entitled to any part of the Provisions
laid in here by M" Walker^ for the use of the Virginia Troops — under
the Circumstances they were I was obligd to deliver out y® above Flour
or see them starve or Desert which they seem pretty much Inclind to
do as it is. Maj'' Lewis of my Regiment Attends you with 200 Men with
whom I have directed Capt" Frazer & Walker to proceed to you.
I am Sir with great regard
Y" most Obedl Serv*
G"? Washington
CoE Bouquet
11 July 1758 175
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Colonel Washington 9-'^ July 1758
* Printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 232-233.
See Bouquet to Washington, July 8.
“Lieut. Col. George Mercer. Cf. Mercer to Washington, July 12, printed in Hamilton,
Letters to Washington, II, 355-3S6.
® Dr. Thomas Walker.
BOUQUET TO BYRD
[Camp near Raystown, c. July 11, 1758]
Letter missing, but probably written, about this date, urging Byrd to send the new
Indian recruits on to Raystown. See Bouquet to Forbes, July 11.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. S3, A. L. S.]
Camp near Reas Town 1U*“ July 1758
Monsieur
C’est avec la plus grande Satisfaction que je reqois dans ce moment
votre Lettre du 6® Courl^ Etant fort inquiet de n’en avoir point depuis
le 19^ de Juin.-
Le Changement de Route dans une Saison Si avancee me paroissoit
une Mesure hazardee, et quoique je vous I’aye proposee,® ce n’a ete qu’au
cas que celle gy fut impraticable, vous priant en meme terns de vouloir
bien ne rien determiner a cet Egard, jusqu’a ce que je vous eusse rendu
Compte de I’Etat des Cbemins jusqu’a Reas Town.
Je Suis bien content d’apprendre que vous ne vous etes pas laisse gagner
Sur ce Point: Les Cbemins Sont mauvais, mais I’experience prouve
qu’ils Sont praticables, et la communication avec Cumberland est tres
bonne, Sans montagnes, et Sera incessament ouverte, y ayant 300 hofhes
qui coupent de I’autre cote, et 200 de celui gy pour les rencontrer.
Toutes les Lettres que je regois de Virglnie ne Sont remplies que de
I’Impossiblite de trouver un Passage au travers de Lawrell Hill, et de la
facilite de passer par le Chemin de Braddock; Ceci est une affaire de
Party de Province a Province, ou nous n’avons rien a faire, et j’ay tou-
jours evite de repondre un mot Sur ce Chapltre, etant persuade que nous
trouverons un Passage, et qu’en ce cas la nous devons par bien des Raisons
preferer cette Route, Si non pour route I’armee, du moins pour un gros
detachement.
Je Suis fache de ne pouvoir vous assurer positivement de la possibilite
de ce Passage. Les Coquins d’Indlens que j’avois envoye pour cette
General Forbes
176
11 July 1758
decouverte avec 4 officiers et 30 cle nos gens, les ayant abandonnes Sous
pretexte que leurs Conjurations etoient mauvaise, ce qui les obligea
faute de vivres de revenir Sans rien faire.
J’y aj" renvoye un Party de 100 homes avec seulemt. 4 Indiens et des
vivres pour 10 Jours Sur des Chevaux de Bat, ne voulant plus laisser
en leur Pouvoir de deconcerter nos Mesures, je les attens dans 3 Jours.
Par routes les Personnes desinteressees qui ont passe d’Icy a Fort du
Quesne, j’aprens que Ton pourra avoir un Chemin de Chariots au travers
de Lawrell Hill, et que de I’autre cote il ny a plus que des petites mon-
tagnes qui ne peuvent nous arreter, avec du fourage et de I’Eau Sur
route la Route. Le Pis aller est de Suivre I’Indian Path,^ ne prenant que
des Chevaux de Bat, et d’envoyer le gros Bagage et I’artillerie par I’autre
Route, mais j’espere que nous n'en Serons pas reduits la.
Les Catawbas nous ont quittes comme des Canailles, nous ayant
aporte un Scalp, reconnu par les Cherokee pour un vieux Scalp qu’ils
leur donnerent eux memes au Printems. Je Supprime les details jusques
a votre arrivee, mais pour les Consequences j’ay prie le Col Washington
d’ecrire au Governeur de Virginie, d’en faire porter des Plaintes a leur
Nation. Le Cap"*^ Jonny® qui les commande n’a receu que des mepris a
Cumberland et j’espere a Winchester, ce qui pourra prevenir la meme
desertion parmi les autres.
Les Cherokee ont envoye deux Partis Sur I'Ohio, je leur ai donne de
nos gens avec Lux; Ayant toujours observe cette Regie Suivant vos ordres;
on ne pent s’en departir Sans etre leur dupe.
Un autre Party de nos gens est aussi en Campagne ainsi j’espere d’avoir
bientot des Nouvelles.
Nous avons ete Servis d’une maniere indigne avec les Chariots; Quel-
ques un de Ceux qui avoient de bons Chevaux quand on les a apprecies,
les ont garde et ont envoye des Rosses qui ne peuvent Se trainer.
Les Chemins Sont Semes de Chariots brises, Les Waggon Maitres pour
le plupart ne valent rien. Les officiers qui les escortent ont encore aug-
mente le mal, ce qui m’a oblige de leur defendre de se meler des Chevaux
et des Chariots jusqu’a nouvel ordre.
A moins que vous ne puissies trouver un honete homme, habile, et
actif pour Waggon maitre General vous ne pourres etablir I’ordre dans
cette importante branche. J’espere que vous aures approuve le Systeme
des Chevau.x de Bat, mais ils doivent etre en bon Ltat. Cent Chariots
pourroient Suffire pour transporter les Munitions, et ce qui ne peut etre
charge sur les Chevaux. Ceux qui Servant au transport des Magazins
ne Seront pas capables de Suivre I’Lxpedition, il faudroit des Chariots
11 July 1758 177
fraix, ou que les Propnetaires changent les Chevaux, ou perdre 15 Jours
a les laisser reposer.
Nos Magazins n’avancent point, commes vous verres par le retour gy
Joint.®
Nos gens Sont fort harasses et je Souhaitte que nous puissions bientot
recevoir les nouvelles Levees, qui des qu’elles Sont armees, Se formeront
plus vite au Camp qu’a Carlisle.
Pour les Troupes reglees je crois qu’elles ne devroient arriver igy que
lors que les magazins Seront formes, et tout prepare pour la marche afin
de nepas consumer les vivres transportes avec tant de Pemes, et de
depense.
Les troupes de Virginie” Sont a Cumberland avec des vivres pour
trois semaines: des qu’il vous Sera possible de determiner votre Route,
Sur les Raports que je vous envoyeray, il Sera terns de les mettre en
mouvement.
J’en ay fait venir 200 homes iqy, mais des que je recevray du Renfort,
je Souhaitterois de les renvoyer a Cumberland: Ils paroissent travailler
a regret [pourjt dans une autre Province, et Si les deux Batt: de Pen-
silvanie Sont complets, nous pourrons finir tout I’ouvrage avec Eux.
Le Fort avance malgre les difficultes de creuser dans plusieurs Endroits
dans le Roc; Nous avons des Magazins prets pour trois mois de Provisions,
et les Stokades Sont plus d’un tiers placees.
La Scituation est bonne, et I’Eau excellente.
J’ay continue a faire travailler le Soldat Sans autre Paye qu'un Jill
de Rum. Les gens de metier reqoivent un Shilling par Jour, ou neuf Sols
et le Rum, argent de Philad^ Ils y Sont a present accoutumes, et il n’y
a plus de plaintes.
Vous ne trouveres pas les Choses aussi avancees que Je le Souhaitterois,
mais j’espere qu’avec un peu d’Indulgence pour des Troupes de Province,
vous ne Seres pas mecontent de nous.
Le renforcement d’Indlens est une agreable nouvelle,® Sur tout dans
ce terns gy, ou Ton ne Sera plus oblige de les laisser rouiller dans I’Inaction.
Mons'' Glen® est a Cumberland, et dispose a Se rendre iqy, des qu’il
Sera Sur de votre arrivee.
Je lui ecris de meme^® qu’au Col. Byrd,^^ de tacher d’envoyer igy
les nouveaux Indiens: Je crains qu'ils ne se mettent dans I’Esprit comme
les 60 du Col. BjTd de ne vouloir prendre aucune autre Route que celle
de Braddock qu’ils connoissent.
+ Stricken out.
178
11 July 1758
S’il en est terns encore je vous prie d’envoyer ordre a Gist de faire
marcher le Little Carpenter /au cas qu’il arrive/ en droiture a Reas Town
par la Route de Pensylvanie/- pour les Raisons gy dessus.
Bosomworth ira demain a Cumberland pour les pourvoir, et tacher de
les amener; II continue de diriger fort bien Ses Indiens: II nous en est
arrive ce Soir cinq de ceux que nous avions laisse a Loudoun, et ensuite
ceux que les Cap"*^ Paris a amenes de Frederic.
Je ne comprends pas Sur quel fondement Sir John S’est persuade
que I’on ne pent trouver un Chemin depuis icy Sans tomber dans celui
de Braddock: Les Pays que nous avons a traverser etant absolument
i'nconnu, excepte les Routes des Indians Traders, qui ne Sont pas gens
a observations, et Sur le Raport desquels on ne pent gueres compter:
Nous en Scaurons la verlte, quand je devrois y aller moy meme: Le
detour n’est pas grand en passant par Reas Town pour aller a Cumber-
land, et quelque Soit Lawrell Hill, vous pouves en toute Surete Suivre
votre premier Plan, et former vos Magazins icy.
Dans le Journal du Cap"® Ward,^® Vous trouveres qu’il fait mention
d’outils; Ce Sont ceux que le Col. Burd y enterra apres la defaite,^^ et
que j’ay envoye reconoitre.
J’y joins les Instructions^® que je leur ai donnees et que je leur ai fait
lire plusieurs fois, ne voulant rien leur donner par Ecrlt qui put decouvir
nos Vues, mals Seulement un ordre d’aller en Party, pour avoir des
nouvelles des Ennemis.
Personne ne Souhaitte plus de vous voir que moy, mals a moins que
vous n’ayes vu le tout passer devant vous, Je crains que vous n’ayes
des retards a essuyer, Surtout pour le transport des Provisions, que
arrlvent Si lentement, et se consument bien vite.
Au moment que j’auray des nouvelles de nos Partys, Je vous envoyeray
un Express.
II nous faut une grosse quantite de fer, et de I’acler, pour fournlr a
la Reparation continuelle des Chariots, ferrer les Chevaux La quantite
que le Cap"® Gordon a aportee etant destinee a d’autres usages.
Si vous ne pouves venlr blentot, Je vous prie de m’envoyer un Warrant
pour les Courts martial generP® II faut faire un Exemple pour arreter la
desertion. Nous avons icy un home qui a offert Ses Services pour pendre.
J’ay ordonne au dernier Waggon Maine qui est party d’examiner tous
les Chariots brises Sur la Route pour vous en rendre Compte, il convien-
droit d’envoyer un Wheelwright et un Marechal a Loudoun, et Littleton
pour les reparer, ferrer les Chevaux
Les Sabres ou plutot hangers que Ton a donne aux Chevaux legers
Sont une Moquerie, C’est leur principale arme, et ils ne pourroient tuer
179
11 July 1758
un Poulet avec ce petit Couteau; Je compte beaucoup Sur Eux a cause
de la Surprise que cause toujours la nouveaute et je Souhaitterois que
vous votilussies letir faire acheter des Sabres courbesj’^ dont ils pussent
faire usage dans I’occasion: Cette depense de plus n’est rien Si nous
retississons Et Si nous echouons tout Sera egalement trop Cher.
Je Suis tres respectueusement
Monsieur
Votre tres humble, et tres obei'ssant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
P:S: Les Express doivent etre escortes sur la Route.
{Endorsed] Col: Bouquet Raes town July 11-^
[Second Endorsement] Col° Bouquet Camp Raestown July IP^ 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Reas Town 11th July 1758
Sir,
It was with the greatest satisfaction that I just now received your
letter of the 6th of this month, ^ as I was very uneasy about having none
since the 19th of June.^
The change of route at such an advanced season seemed to me a
hazardous measure, and although I proposed^ it to you, it was only in
case this one was impracticable, asking you at the same time not to decide
anything in that regard until I had reported to you on the state of the
roads as far as Reas Town.
I am very pleased to learn that you did not allow yourself to be in-
fluenced in this matter. The roads are had, but experience proves that
they are practicable, and the communication with Cumberland is very
good, not mountainous, and wdl be open very soon, as there are 300
men cutting from the other end, and 200 from this end to meet them.
All the letters I receive from Virginia are filled with nothing but the
impossibility of finding a passage across Lawrell Hill, and the ease of
going by Braddock’s road. This is a matter of politics between one
province and another, in which we have no part; and I have always
avoided saying a word on this subject, as I am certain that we shall
find a passage, and that — in that case — we should for many reasons
prefer this route, if not for the whole army, at least for a large detachment.
I am sorry that I cannot assure you positively of the possibility of
this passage, as the Indian rascals I had sent to explore it with 4 officers
and 30 of our men deserted them under the pretext that their omens
180 ] 1 July 1758
were bad, which forced them for lack of provisions to return without
doing anything.
I have sent back a party of 100 men with only 4 Indians and provisions
for 10 da3^s on pack horses, as I no longer wished to leave it in their
power to disrupt our plans. I expect them in 3 days.
From all the disinterested persons who have gone from here to Fort
du Quesne, I learn that it is possible to have a wagon road across Lawrell
Hill, and that on the other side there is nothing but some small moun-
tains which cannot stop us, with forage and water all the way. The last
resort is to follow the Indian Path,'* taking only pack horses, and sending
the heavy baggage and the artillery by the other route, but I hope we
shall not be reduced to that.
The Catawbas have left us like scoundrels, after bringing us one scalp,
which was recognized by the Cherokees as an old scalp which they them-
selves gave them in the spring. I am omitting details until your arrival,
but for the time being I have asked Col. Washington to write to the
governor of Virginia, to make complaints about it to their tribe. Captain
Jonny'’ who commands them received only scorn at Cumberland and,
I hope, at Winchester, which may prevent the same desertion among
the others.
The Cherokees have sent two parties to the Ohio; I gave them some
of our men to go with them, as I have alwaj^s observed this rule, follow-
ing 3’our orders. We cannot deviate from this without being their dupe.
Another party of our men is also in the field, so I hope to have news
very soon.
We were very shamefully supplied with wagons. Some who had good
horses when they were appraised, kept them and sent nags who were
unable to drag themselves along.
The roads are strewn with broken wagons. The wagon masters for
the most part are good for nothing. The officers who are escorting them
have added further to the evil, which has obliged me to forbid them to
meddle with horses and wagons until further orders.
Unless jmu can find an honest, able, and industrious man for general
wagon master, you cannot establish order in this important department.
I hope that you have approved the organization of pack horses, but
they ought to be in good condition. A hundred wagons might be enough
to transport munitions and what cannot be loaded on the horses. Those
used to carry stores will not be capable of following the expedition. New
wagons would be necessary, or else the owners must change horses, or
lose a fortnight to let them rest.
Our stores are not going forward, as j^ou will see by the enclosed
return.®
11 July 1758
181
Our men are very weary, and I hope that we may soon receive some
new recruits, who will more readily be put in shape at the camp than in
Carlisle, as soon as they are armed.
As for the regular troops, I believe that the}" should not arrive here
until the stores are made up and everything ready for the march, so as
not to consume the provisions transported with so much trouble and
expense.
The Virginia troops" are at Cumberland with provisions for three
weeks. As soon as you are able to decide on your route from the reports
I shall send you, it will be time to start them off.
I had 200 men sent here, but as soon as I receive reinforcements, I
should like to send them to Cumberland. They seem to work grudgingly
in another province, and if the two Pennsylvania battalions are filled, we
can finish the whole job with them.
The fort progresses, m spite of the difficulties of digging in several
places in the rock. We have storehouses ready for three months’ pro-
visions, and more than a third of the stockades are in place.
The location is good, and the water excellent.
I have continued to have the soldiers work with no other pay than
a gill of rum. The skilled workmen receive a shilling a day, or nine cents,
Philadelphia money, and the rum. They are used to this now, and there
are no more complaints.
You will not find things as far along as I should have wished; but I
hope that, with a little indulgence for the provincial troops, you will not
be dissatisfied with us.
The Indian reinforcement is agreeable news,® especially at this time
when It will no longer be necessart' to let them grow rusty in idleness.
Mr. Glen'’ is at Cumberland, and ready to come here as soon as he
is sure of your arrival.
I am writing to him’® as well as to Col. Byrd,” for them to try to send
the new Indians here. I am afraid that they, like the 60 with Col. Byrd,
will take it into their heads to be unwilling to take any other route than
Braddock's, which they know.
If there is still time, I beg you to send orders to Gist to send the Little
Carpenter (in case he arrives) straight to Reas Town by the Pennsyl-
vania Road,’- for the reasons given above.
Bosomworth will go to Cumberland tomorrow to supply them, and
to try to bring them here. He continues to manage his Indians very
well. This evening five of them arrived, whom we had left at Loudoun,
and then those that Captain Paris brought from Frederic.
182
11 July 1758
I do not understand on what grounds Sir John is convinced that no
road can be found beyond this place without dropping down to Brad-
dock’s. As the country we have to cross is absolutely unknown, except
for the paths of the Indian Traders, who are not observant men, and
whose reports are hardly reliable, we shall know the truth about it, when
I must go there myself. The detour is not long, going to Cumberland
by way of Reas Town, and whatever Lawrell Hill may be, you can in
all safety follow your first plan and establish your storehouses here.
In Captain Ward’s journal,^^ you will find that he makes mention
of tools. They are the ones that Col. Burd buried there after the defeat,^^
and which I have sent men to look for.
I enclose the instructions^"'’ which I have given them, and made them
read several times, as I did not wish to give them anything in writing
which might disclose our plans, but only an order to go scouting to get
news of the enemy.
No one wishes to see you more than I; but unless you had seen to
everything yourself, I am afraid that you would have had to endure
many delays, especially in the transport of provisions, which are arriving
so slowly and are consumed so quickly.
The moment I have news from our parties, I shall send you an express.
We need a large quantity of iron and steel, to be used in the continual
repair of the wagons, to shoe the horses, etc. The quantity Captain
Gordon brought is intended for other purposes.
If you cannot come soon, I beg you to send me a warrant for general
courts martial.^® An example must be made to stop desertion. We have
a man here, who has offered his services to do the hanging.
I have ordered the last wagon master who left to examine all the
broken wagons on the road, to report to you about it. It would be well
to send a wheelwright and a blacksmith to Loudoun and Littleton to
repair them, shoe the horses, etc.
The sabers, or rather hangers, which were given to the light cavalry,
are a joke. It is their principal weapon, and they could not kill a chicken
with this tiny knife. I am expecting much from them because of the
surprise which novelty always causes, and I should like you to have
curved sabers’^'^ bought for them, which they could use on occasion. This
expense, moreover, is nothing if we succeed; and if we fail, everything
will be likewise too expensive.
I am very respectfully.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
11 July 1758
183
P.S. The express ought to be escorted on the road.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, July 6.
-See Forbes to Bouquet, June 19.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, June 14.
* The Raystown branch of the Allegheny Path through central Pennsylvania, running
through Raystown to Shannopin’s Town.
® Capt. Johnny or Jemmy Builen.
° Not found.
’Washington and his Virginia Regiment. Stephen to Washington, July 6, 1758,
printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 346-347.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, July 6.
" Ibid.
’“Not found, but probably written. See Glen to Bouquet, July 14.
” Not found.
“ Road from Carlisle to Raystown.
^ See Ward’s Journal, p. 237, also his Report on Road to Westward, p. 243.
“ Braddock’s defeat at the battle of the Monongahela, July 9, 17SS.
^ Not found.
“ Not found.
’’Curved sabers could not be supplied. Cf. Commissioners to Dennjq July 25, printed
in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 498.
BOUQUET TO GLEN
[Camp near Raystown, c. July 11, 1758]
Letter missing but evidently written regarding Indians, who were enroute to join
Forbes’ army. See Bouquet to Forbes, July 11, also Glen to Bouquet, July 14.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Camp near Raystown, July 11, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Ourry in his of July 13. It contained instructions
to pardon the two deserters of the Pennsylvania Regiment, who were being held pending
punishment.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C. Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 130, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 11 July 1758
Sir,
Major Lewis with the two hundred men under his command arrived
here last night. I am extremely obliged to you for this extraordinary
Dispatch.^ Their dress- should be our pattern in this expedition.
184
11 July 1758
4 he mistake of the 6000 of flour is a great disappointment.^ I beg you
will continue to move provisions for the Maryland troops, as they are
to be supplied by the Crown. As soon as the communication will be
opened, I shall replace what may be consumed. We begin tomorrow
to cut the road on this side to meet Col Mercef* & save him the trouble
of going so far.
I have heard nothing of Gen* Forbes since the 19*’* June.
With the most sincere regard,
Yr most obed* serv^
Henry Bouquet.
[Endorsed] 11 July 1758.
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 354-355.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, July 9.
■ Woodsman’s or Indian dress, consisting of hunting shirt and leggings.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, July 9.
’ Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 79, A. L. S.]*
[Carlisle, July 11, 1758]
My Dear Sir
Pardon a hurry of business at the same time finding every thing here
in Confusion and disorder, so have employed Grant^ and HalketU to
write you.
I^et me hear from you how all is, and pray let some good brisk party
scout forward.
Excuse me in haste no news either from Louisburgh, or Tienderoga,
only Gen” Abercromby and the troops are said to be embarked upon
Lake George, so wee are the last and can not help it.
I shall hurry up the troops directly so pray See for a road across the
Allegany or by Fort Cumberland, which Garrison may if necessary be
clearing Braddocks old road.
I am D*" S’*
Yrs most sincerely
Jo: Forbes
4 uesday July 11”*
I send you the last news paper from England.
Send down Major Ordnt® directly as he is to Command all the Detatch-
ments between the Susquehanah & Delaware, he must come to me for
his orders
Jo Forbes
185
11 July 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Gen^ Forbes 11*'^ July
[Addressed] To Col° Bouquet Commanding at Raes town
* Printed in James, W ritmgs of General John Forbes, 143.
^ See Grant to Bouquet, July 11.
"Possibly Halkett to Bouquet, July 23, which see.
^ Major Jacob Orndt.
GRANT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 81, A. L. S.]*
[Carlisle, July 11, 1758]
Dear Colonel
I am directed by General Forbes, to acquaint you that he has de-
tached two Additional Company’s of the first Highland Battalion to
Juniata, and one Company of the Battalion with an Additional! one to
Fort Loudoun, the General desires that you may order those four Com-
panys to joyn you at Raes-Town, leaving a sufficient guard at each of
those Posts.
A Company of the Highlanders with four of the Provincialls march
this night, with forty Waggons of Powder Provisions, Oats, Forrage ixF
directly to Raes-Town. Two of our Companys wdth Six of the Provincialls
march to morrow morning as an Escort to the Artillery to Shippensburg,
where they are to halt for a few days. The Gen’ with the rest of the
Army will follow in few days, he desires that you may get as soon as
possible proper places provided to receive the Baggage and Military
Stores of the Armjq and he begs that you may send him an Express to
inform him of the state tmu are in, for the reception of the whole Army.
The General desires that the road over the Allegany may be reconoitred,
for he is unwilling to be put under the necessity of making any Detour.
With regard to your Prisoners the Gen’ desires that the least guilty may
be immediately tryed by a Garrison Court Martiall in order to receive
corporal Punishment, the others he chuses to reserve for an Example
till he comes up himself.
15 men per Company of the Pensilvania Provincialls have been de-
tached to guard the Frontiers, you may believe the best men have not
been chose for that Service, but we shall still have remaining of those
Gentlemen about 1680, with 300 of the lower County’s, 1800 Virginians,
1250 Highlanders 360 of your Corps, but making an Allowance for sick-
ness with Artillery Men Waggoners, Sutlers Servants I imagine
we shall consist of about five thousand men when we assemble at Raes-
Town.
186
11 July 1758
Colonel Byrds & Armstrongs^ Reg^® must share the same Fate with those
here, the Gen^ therefore desires that you may order such of the offices
as are under your Command to pitch upon the 35 best men of each
Company, out of which number all Detachments are to be made, the 15
or 18 remaining of each Company to be kept with You, that the Geffi may
have it in his power to dispose of them for Escorts when he comes up
or when he sends you Directions for that purpose.
I came up last night with four of our Company’s the Artillery Hospital!
Stores, Provisions and in short cleared Philadelphia of every thing
except a small Detachmen* of ours, which are to remain there till re-
lieved by the Provincialls.
Tis said the King of Prussia- is marched with fifty thousand men to
Vienna. The Duke of Marlborrough^ Lord George Sackville^ with a
Body of Troops and thirty Saill of the Lyne are ordered upon a secret
Expedition.^ Gen’ Abercromby will soon have a considerable body of
Troops in Battoes on Lake George we have no accounts of Louisbourgh,
we shall soon meet, the Water here does not agree quite well with my
Constitution, the Gen’ Col. Montgomery and all your Eriends are well.
I am at all times
Dear Colonel
Your most obedient & most humble Serv*
James Grant
To Colonel Bouquett
Camp near Carlisle
July 1758.
{Endorsed in Boioqueds handwriting] Major Grant for Gen’ Forbes
11”^ July
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding his Majesty’s Troops
at Raes-Town.
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 143-145.
^ Col. John Armstrong.
® Frederick II marched his army into Moravia, enroute to the Austrian capital,
Vienna. The Pennsylvania Gazette, July 13, 1758, carried a news item on the expedi-
tion.
° Charles Spencer, third Duke of Marlborough (1706-1758). Consult DNB.
^Viscount George Sackville (1716-1785), later known as Lord George Germain.
Consult DNB.
® A secret expedition was organized under the command of the Duke of Marlborough,
to raid the coast of Brittany and clear the way for Prince Ferdinand to penetrate
into France. An account of the expedition was published in the Pennsylvania Gazette,
July 20, 1758.
Indian Conferences
187
Sir
SINCLAIRi TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 33, A. L. S.]
Carlile the 11-’' Jully 1758.
By Sir John S‘ Clair’s desire I have sent you a thousand Weight of
Iron & Steel as likewise one half dozen of Wine Cocks and three pounds
of Brimston. There is no Garden Seeds to be procured in this place, but
they shall be wrote for immediately and sent up as soon as possible.
I am with the greatest Respect
Sir
Your most Obedient & most humble Servant
James Sinclair
The next opportunity from this place you shall be supply’d with Money.
To Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] M"" Sinclair
^ Capt. James Sinclair was appointed assistant deputy quarter master general in July.
INDIAN CONFERENCE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 83, C.]*
At a Conference held in the State House with Teedyuscung^ and the
Indians on Tuesday lU^ July 1758
Present
The Governour.-
The Councd.
The Indians.
And a great number of the Inhabitants of the City of Philadelphia. The
Governour Spoke as follows.
Brother Teedyusung
I am very glad you still remember the many good Councils that have
been formerly held in this House. Of late it has grown dirty and wanted
cleaning very much. You therefore did well to bring a Wing with you
to clean it. In this I heartily join with you. Let us search every hole
and Corner, and sweep the Council Chamber carefully. Let there not
remain the least Dirt, but let us gather it all together, and throw it into
188
Indian Conferences
the Wind, that it may all be blown away, and that we may hold good
Council in it, in the same Manner our first proprietor William Penn used
to do, and our Ancestors after his good Example.
A String
Brother
I much approve of your sentiments with respect to an open and unre-
served Sincerity to be used when we Council together. Both God above
& all good Men below hate Falshood. What you say is therefore very
Agreeable. This Belt assures you that the Government and people of
Pennsylvania speak from their hearts, and that you shall ever find them
act faithfully up to whatever they engage to do at their Council fires.
A Belt.
Brother,
I am very glad to see our friend Welimeghyhunk,® Alias James, safe
returned from Ohio, and that our proceedings, for the Establishment of
Peace, tho’ those Indians had only receiv’d confused and slight Accounts
of them, were agreeable, and made so strong an Impression upon their
minds, as to recall into their Remembrance the place of their Birth, and
to raise in their Breast an Inclination to return into their old friendship
with us. I assure you nothing would please me, & the People of this
Province better, than to see our Country Men the Delawares again well
settled among us.
The Sight of these two old Men, who are well known to many here,
gives me great Pleasure, and their advice to us both to Press on, shews
a good Disposition for Peace. You know that between You and Me the
Peace has been concluded twelve months ago,^ And I was in hopes before
now, that it was well known to those on the Ohio, but as these two friends
say, that they were Ignorant of it, when they came away, they did well
to come, that they might see us Face to Face, and hear us with their own
Ears, from our Mouths every thing that has passed.
Brother,
You know we have no secrets, we desire to have none. All that was
done by us was transacted openly, and intended for the use & Benefit
of all the Indians, who have been uhappily seduced by the Instigation
of the French to seperat from us
Hearken you my Brethren from Alleganey. I am going now to speak
to you. Teedyuscung joins with me in giving you the satisfaction of
hearing from our own Mouths the substance of what has been trans-
acted between us at our Council Fires.
You will Please to give a Close attention, and fix it in your minds,
and Publish it to all your People when you return home.
Indian Conferences
189
As soon as this Goverment was made acquainted by the Six nations,
that at a Great Council at Onondago® held between them and the Dela-
wares, They acknowledged their fault in striking their Brethren the
English, and were Inclined to lay down the Hatchett, Messengers were
sent to Diahogo® to enquire into the truth of it, and if it should be
found true, the Delawares there were desired to come, and let us know
it from their own Mouth’s, and concert with us measures for the Estab-
lishment of a Peace.
It was fortunate that our Brother Teedyuscung was then at Diahogo,
for at his Instance a Council was Called, who receiv’d our Messengers
kindly, and they were dispatched to tell us, that he would bring many to
come and treat with us. He came accordingly &: after some Conferences,
the Peace was concluded, and large Belts were exchanged between us,
in Confirmation of the Peace,^ the particular Articles of which, were as
follows. It was agreed that the Hatchett should be buryed on both sides, so
deep as never to be found again. All our people who were prisoners
among the Indians were to be delivered up to us. It was further agreed
that the land at Wyoming,® should remain in the possesion of the
Indians, for the use of them, their Children, and Grand Children, as
long as they, and their posterity should think proper. It was further
agreed that we should assist the Indians in building some Houses at
Wyoming for the Habitation of such, as were Inclined to go and live
there. It was further agreed that there should be a Strong House built
at Shamokin for the protection of the Indians, and a Storehouse erected,
in which there should be kept a sufficient assortment of Ind" Goods, and
a trade should be established there for the Accomodation of the Indians;
and that care should be taken that the Goods should be sold to the
Indians, in exchange for their skins, at just and reasonable rates, to be
fixed by the Government, so that the Agent should not have it in his
Power to cheat the Indians, and that Schoolmasters and Ministers should
be sent for their Instruction when the Indians desire it, and it should
be safe for them to live there. These are the terms on which Peace has
been concluded between me, on behalf of His Majesty’s subjects, and
Teedyuscung on the Part of the ten nations associated with him, for
the truth of what I have told you I appeal to our Brother Teedyuscung
who will confirm it to you, and I assure all Indians, that every thing
shall be punctually observed, that has been promised, in behalf of this
Governm^ This Belt is my pledge.
A Belt of eleven Rows
Brother Teedyuscung
I am pleased you are so sensible of the uneasiness our People must needs
be under, who have their relations and friends detained as Prisoners in the
Indian Country. You may remember that I told you at Easton,^ and I
190
Indian Conferences
now repeat it, that whilst our flesh and blood are in Captivity, we cannot
be satisfied or Content. I am much obliged to you for your Care in
bringing down the Young Woman, and must again remind you, by this
String, of the Belt then given, and your Engagements then made to us,
to do all in your power, that such as remain with you may be set at lib-
erty and delivered to me. We know that there are a great many of our
People scattered about in the Indian Towns and do insist that they be
returned to us.
A String
Brother
As we have made our brethren from Alleganey acquainted with the
substance of what has passed between you and me, I do now by this
Belt, open a road from the Ohio to this Council Fire, that all may pass,
and repass without the least Molestation or Danger. You must be sensi-
ble, that unless a road be kept open. People at Varience can never come
together to make up their Differences, nor Messengers of Peace, who are
sacred in all Nations, be secure in their Journeys. I desire you will join
another Belt to mine for this good purpose.
A Belt of seven Rows
Brethren
I have finished what I have to say at present. If you have anything
further to say to me, let me know it, and I will attend you when you
think proper.
The Governour then acquainted the Indians with the success of His
Majesty’s Arms at Cape Breton.
Teedyuscung stood up and let the Governour know he had something
further to say, and as it had been agreed upon in his Council, he chose
to deliver it now, and then spoke as follows.
Brother and all Present
As to the road we have made now, I sit in the middle of it. I don’t
sit there on my own Head. My Uncles the six nations have placed me
there, and likewise we have agreed to be one flesh and Blood.
Brother
Every body sees me sit in the middle of the road, now that we have
agreed to be Brothers and one flesh. Tho’ I am weak, I will in Conjunc-
tion with all the other Indians, stretch out my Arms on both sides &
guard you. If I am overpowered I can’t help it, but I’ll let you know it.
Brother,
I will not sit still any longer to let other Indian Enemies Come to you
and slay you any more. I will bestir myself, and I will guard you as far
as my strength will enable me. I wont sit still as I have done, with my
pipe in my mouth, and suffer the Enemy Indians to do mischief and
Indian Conferences
191
strike on the Frontiers. Three Nations of us have engaged to do so Viz*
Delaware,*'* Unaniies,** and Mohiccons*- have agreed to join me in this.
A Belt.
Packsinosa*^ sent a word or two. He desired the English would not
reckon him among the Shawenese. He will heartily join with the Dela-
wares to assist the English. He has sent his son to Witness that this be
said for him to the English.
Brother and all Present
Take notice of what I am going to say.
I stand here as a King, and you as the Governour of this Province. I
feel sorrow in my heart, when I consider the numbers of my own Men
and also of my Brothers the English, which lye dead on the Frontiers
among the Bushes. The French are the cause of this.
Brother.
This shall be told to all the Indian Nations, who have heard us on this
side, and beyond allegany.
Whenever the Frenchman persuades any Indians to Join with him he
gives, the first thing he does he gives them an Hatchett. I suppose the
French seem to delight m such sharp edged tools. As to my Part, I have
no Hatchet; but will send by these Allegan}^ Messengers*"* to all the
Indians that have heard me, to take that very Hatchett that the French
have put into their hands, and use it against these French, and let them
see wether they will delight to feel the sharp Edge of it.
Teedyuscung added, I do not say this out of my own Head, but these
two Messengers desired me to say so. All the Allygenians have said so
before these two Messengers, And further, that what ever way Teedyus-
cung shall direct them to turn the Hatchett, it should be done accord-
ingly, and they would all join in it. And then said he had done.
A String
At a Conference held m the State House with Teedyuscung and the
Indians on Wednesday the 12**' July 1758.
Present
The Governour
The Council The Indians
And a great number of the Inhabitants of the City of Philadelphia
The Governour addressed him as follows.
Brother Teedyuscung
It gave me and all the people present great pleasure to hear you say
yesterday, that you would no longer sit still with your pipe in your
192
Indian Conferences
mouth, but stretch out your Hands and guard our frontiers. I thank you
for this kind resolution, and I do not in the least doubt but you will
faithfully perform what you say, and exert yourself to the Utmost of
5mur Power; And I shall depend upon it
A Belt.
I am glad to hear from our Brother Packinosa that he does heartily
join our Brethren the Delawares, in the good work of Peace, and will
assist at this critical time.
A String.
Brother
I am glad that you are so tender hearted as to feel sorrow in your
Breast, on account of the slain, both of your People and ours, that lye
among the Bushes; and that you see plainly that the French were the
cause of it.
Brother
your resolution of using your endeavours in turning the French Hatchett
against themselves is very just; because they were, as you observe, the
Cause of the Bloodshed; and I am very glad your Nation has empowered
you to direct the Hatchet against what Enemy you shall judge deserves
it most. This is an article at which I much rejoice.
A String,
Brethren.
Agreeable to what I said Yesterday, I have something to tell you of
very great Importance which is.
The King of Great Brittain hath sent a great number of Warriors,
who are now on their march to chastise the French on the Ohio, and to
revenge the Blood they have shed. Tho’ many Indians have been con-
cerned in the Warr yet we know they have been deluded by the French.
I give you this Belt of Wampum from this Council Fire, to advise you
to remove quickly at a great Distance from our Enemy the French, that
your legs may not be stained with Blood. Come away on this side of
the mountain, where we can oftner converse together, and where your
own Flesh and Blood lives.
We look upon you as our Countrymen, that Sprung forth out of the
same Ground with us.^^ We therefore think it our Duty to take care of
you, and entreat you to come away with your whole Nation, and as
many of your friends as you can get to follow you. By this Belt I take
you by the Hand, & lead you away from the French for Your own Safty.
A large Belt.
Brother Teedyuscung.
I have almost finished what I have to say to you, and I hope every
thing has been conducted to your satisfaction. I am very desirous we
Indian Conferences
193
should part as hearty friends. I request you will if you have any uneasi-
ness on your Minds, make me acquainted with it. Assure all the Indians
from me, and those in particular who live at Alleganey, that if they have
had at any time, any cause of Complaint, they will be very readily heard,
and full justice done them. You know Brother that as to your Com-
plaints, You desired they should be laid before The King for His Royal
Determination. As soon as I hear what is done by His Majesty it shall
be communicated to You.
A String.
Brothers.
As your Cloaths are worn out, and torn by the Briars in Your long
journey the good people of Pennsylvania present you with some others,
which you will divide amongst you, as you think Proper.
[Endorsed] Copy of Conferance with Govern'' Denny & Teedyuscung
held at Philadelphia the ll-^' & 12**' July 1758
* Printed in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 461-469.
^Tedyuskung (Teedyuscung) (c. 1705-1763), born at Trenton, New Jersey, famous
chief of the Delaware tribe on the Susquehanna River, and a notable figure in Penn-
sylvania’s land disputes and peace negotiations with the Delaware, Shawnee, and Si.x
Nations Indians. His friendship with Frederick Post was a strong factor in estab-
lishing peace with the Ohio Indians.
"William Denny (1718-1762), governor of Pennsylvania, 17S6-17S9, after which he
returned to England. Consult Appleton’s Cyclopedia.
" Willemighihink or Willamegicken, known as James, was a prominent Delaware war-
rior who served as a messenger between the Allegheny Delawares and the Susque-
hanna tribes. Some confusion has resulted from the fact that a Delaware captain,
known as Wellameghikink or George Hayes, was also serving as messenger. Appar-
ently, however, they were two different men. Cf. Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 415-416.
‘Third Easton Council, July 2-August 7, 1757.
"The council held in May, 1758.
“Tioga, an Indian village at the junction of the Chemung River with the North
Branch of the Susquehanna, near the present site of Athens, Bradford County,
Penna.
’The treaty made at the third Easton Council.
® Extensive Indian settlements on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, near present
Wilkes-Barre.
' At the forks of the Delaware River. One of the ancestral seats of the Delawares,
prior to the Walking Purchase of 1737.
'“An Indian tribe formerly living along the banks of the Delaware River.
“■One of the clans of the Delawares. Its totem was the turtle.
'"The Mohicans, a tribe related to the Delawares, living in New York and western
Connecticut.
“ Paxinosa, Shawnee chief at Wyoming, was a loyal supporter of the English, and
a prominent figure in the peace conferences held at Johnson Hall and at Easton,
in 1757 and 1758.
“Probably Willemighihink (James), and Essoweyowallund (Shamokin Daniel). Cf.
Indian Conference, July 8, 1758. Pa. Arch.. Series 1, III, 458-461.
.\n allusion to the Indian story of the origin of man.
194
12 July 1753
MEMORIAL
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 89, C.]
[Philadelphia, July 12, 1758]
To William Denny Esquire LieiP Governour of the Province of Pennsyl-
vania &ca.
The Memorial of the Freemen of the said Province hereunto subscribing.
Sheweth,
That divers of us were yesterday Present at the Conferance between
the Governour and the Indians, and all of us have seen the Minutes^ of
what was then said to them. In which we observe the Solemn Introduc-
tion made in the Name of the Governour and People of Pennsylvania and
a Declaration of satisfying the Allegany Indians by repeating the par-
ticular Articles on which the Peace was concluded at Easton.
That it appears by the Alinutes of the Easton Treaty that a just and
impartial enquiry into the Grounds of the Complaints made by the In-
dians of Injustice done them in this Province in the purchasing and meas-
uring their Lands and the Obtaining the Judgem^ and Determination of
our Gracious King George on whose Justice they rely, was repeatedly
urged by the Indians and declared to be the fundamental Article of the
Peace & what the Nations by whom Teedyuscung was employed expected
the faithfull Performance of;
That the fixing a boundary between the English settlements & the
Tract of Land- which the Indians desired to be secured to them and their
Posterity forever, was another Article of the Peace expressed by them in
Strong Clear and Certain Terms.
That as the former of these Articles was not Yesterday mentioned by
the Governour, & the latter repeated in very general & uncertain Terms.
We think it our duty in this manner to represent the same & earnestly
to request the Govern^ to consider that the reputation and interest of
our King and Country and the obtaining the Release of our fellow Sub-
jects now in Captivity is immediately concerned in Convincing the In-
dians that every thing which hath been Solemnly promised by the Gov-
ernour shall be faithfully performed.
Philadelphia 12^*^ 7 Mont>^ (July) 1758.
Abel James®
John Pemberton^
William Fisher®
Joseph Galloway®
IsR* Pemberton'^
WiLL'P Lightfoot®
Antho^ Morris^®
W"?* Brown^^
W"?* Callander^®
Isaac Zane^®
Jacob Shoemaker Jun®®JoHN Hughes’^'*
James Pemberton® Cha® Norris^®
195
12 July 1758
Cha? Thomson^®
Peter Howell^®
Benj-'J Kendall^®
David Bacon^®
John Elliot^'*
Saim’ Preston Moore^®
Joseph Morris^®
Dan? Roberdeau-®
Benj‘^ Trotter-^
Owen Jones--
Jerem'' Warder-''^
Antho? Benezet-'*
Rich*? Wister-®
Tho? Say®®
Fran? Richardson®"
1'ho’' Lightfoot®®
{Endorsed] Copy Memonai of 28 Quakers & 2 Churchmen presented
to the Governor in Council the 12 July, just as he was
going to hold a Conference with the Indians in the State
House.
^ See Minutes of Conference, preceding this.
“Wyoming valley.
“Abel James, son-in-law of prominent Philadelphia Quaker, Thomas Chalkley, was
clerk of the Friendly Association, 1756-1767. Consult DAB.
‘John Pemberton (1727-1795), younger brother of Israel and James, was a Quaker
leader, and member of the Friendly Association.
'This may have been the Whlliam Fisher who was mayor of Philadelphia, 1773-1774.
No other information available.
'Joseph Galloway (c. 1731-1803), colonial statesman and loyalist, born at West River,
Anne Arundel County, hid. He was a lawyer, and member of the Pennsylvania As-
sembly, 1756-1764 and 1765-1776. His estates were confiscated and he returned to
England. Consult DAB.
’Israel Pemberton (1715-1779), prominent Philadelphia Quaker and politician. He
was head of “The Friendly Association for regaining and preserving Peace with the
Indians by pacific Measures.” Consult DAB.
'No definite identification. An account of merchandise sold to John Norton in 1759
suggests that William Lightfoot was probably in business in Philadelphia.
'James Pemberton (1723-1809), Philadelphia merchant, and member of Friendly Asso-
ciation. Brother of Israel and John Pemberton.
’'Anthony Morris III, prominent manufacturer of Philadelphia, and member of the
Friendly Association.
“William Brown came from Nottingham, England, c. 1749. He was a member of the
Iriendly Association.
“William Callender, prominent Philadelphia Quaker and member of the Friendly
-Association.
“Isaac Zane, Philadelphia merchant and contractor. His ledger of accounts for 1748-
1759 is in the Gratz Collection, in the Historical Societ}^ of Penns3'lvania.
“John Hughes, prominent Philadelphia Quaker, member of AssembK", and of the
Friendly -Association. He directed the building of the stockade and cabins for the
Delaware Indians at W'yoming, in 1757.
“Charles Norris (1712-1766), younger brother of Isaac Norris II, member of the
Friendly Association, and one of the twelve original managers of the Philadelphia
General Hospital.
“Charles Thomson (1729-1824), born in Counw Derr3% Ireland. He was adopted by
the Delawares, and chosen b\' the Indians to keep their records of the Easton Con-
ferences. Later he became a member of the continental ccmgress. Cimsult D.AB.
196
12 July 1758
"John Elliott (1713-1791), merchant, migrated to Philadelphia in 1753. He was en-
rolled as a member of the “Friends Monthly Meeting,” 1757-1760.
’’Samuel Preston Moore, a distinguished physician, came to Philadelphia from Mary-
land. He was a member of the Friendly Association, and a friend of Israel Pemberton.
"Joseph Morris, Quaker merchant of Philadelphia, member of the Friendly Association,
and one of the twelve original managers of the Philadelphia General Hospital.
‘“Daniel Roberdeau (1727-1795), French Huguenot from the Island of St. Christopher,
British West Indies. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly, 1756-1761, a
prominent Philadelphia merchant and member of the Friendly Association. Consult
DAB.
“’Benjamin Trotter was a prominent Philadelphia Quaker.
““Owen Jones was a prominent Philadelphia Quaker and member of the Friendly Asso-
ciation He was colonial treasurer in 1732.
“’Jeremiah Warder, of Philadelphia, was a member of the Friendly Association.
Anthony Benezet (1713-1784), philanthropist and author, was born in San Quentin,
Picardy, France. He came to Philadelphia in 1731, joined the Friendly Association,
and took a prominent part in caring for the French refugees. He was a personal
friend of Richard Peters. Consult DAB.
“■•Richard Wistar (c. 1730-1791), head of the Wistar Glass Works, Wistarberg, New
Jersey. He was a prominent Philadelphia manufacturer and a member of the
Friendly Association. Consult DAB.
“’Thomas Say (1709-1796), prominent Philadelphia physician, and member of the
Friendly Association. Consult DAB.
““Francis Richardson, prominent Philadelphia Quaker and member of the Friendly
Association. He was probably a son of Francis Richardson, the silversmith.
“’Thomas Lightfoot, a surveyor in Berks and Lancaster counties, and a friend of the
Pembertons.
“* Shoemaker, Howell, Kendall, and Bacon not identified.
DE LANCEY TO DENNY
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 78, C.]*
[New York, July 12, 1758]
[ABSTRACT]
A copy of a letter’ from Stanwix enclosed. Notice of embargo laid on all shipping.
Brief account of landing near Ticonderoga, and of Lord Howe’s death.
[Endorsed] Extract of Letters. Recelvd at Carlisle July 15 at night.
* Printed in Col. Rees. VHI, 146. Original not found.
’Stanwix to De Lancey, July 9. See abstract, p. 174.
Sir
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 9, A. L. S.]
Fort T..oudoun July y® 120’ 1758
Your verbal Order by M“ Anderson^ of the Pensilvania Regf requiring
that George Saltzgeber should be sent up, has been received by Captain
Harding, who desires me to inform you, that he will forward him, by
Capt“ M? Kinsey,^ who is to march from hence the Day after tomorrow;
he is detain’d here ’till then, waiting for Waggons on the Road from
197
12 July 1758
Carlisle. I am also to acquaint you that William Davison of Capt“
Harding’s Company deserted the Day before yesterday, from the Cattle
Guard, (after having robbed a Woman of two Dollars five Silver Tea
Spoons, & some trifles more) As soon as we knew it, Cap- Harding had
an Opportunity of sending his Description towards Carlisle, by which
means he was taken up yesterday at Chamber Fort, by the Highlanders
& brought up here. Capt" Harding intends to bring him up with the two
Deserters^ of the 2^ Battalion.
Ens^ Blane'* is on the Road to Frederick with the rest of Cap*^
Jocelyn’s Company.
Captain Harding & the rest of our Officers desire their best Compli-
ments to Cob Bouquet & hope Soon to have the Honour of kissing his
Hand
I am
Colonel Bouquet
S^
Your most humble & most Obedient Servant
L® OURRY
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting^
Lieut- Ourry 12*^ July
^Probably Ens. Robert Anderson, commissioned, December S, 1757, in the first bat-
talion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
® Probably Capt. Alexander McKenzie of the 77th Regiment, although Hugh and
Roderick McKenzie held similar commissions.
^ See Ourry to Bouquet, July 13.
* Ens. Archibald Blane.
PETERS TO [FORBES]!
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 87, C]
Philadelphia 12“’ Jtdy 1758.
The Indian Conferences- according to my rough minutes are Copied
and I embrace this Opportunity of enclosing them to you. Never were
Indians better pleased nor expressed an heartier regard. That we might
be sure the Governors Answer delivered on Tuesday was agreeable, an
full, A Committee of the Councill read on Monday Morning to Teedyus-
cung and one of His Councilors, by his Interpreter paragraph by para-
graph, and desired at the close to know of Teedyuscung if it was full
enough, and if he desired any thing more might be told to the Alleganey
Indians. He said it was all right and full, we then desired he would take
time, and ask advice about it and if he had any objections, or any thing
should Occur to him Proper to be added that he would let us know, tho’
he had a whole day to consult his friends about it yet he made no objec-
tions, but continued to say he was well pleased with it. At the Close,
198
12 July 1758
Agreeable to what the Allegany Indians had told me in Private Teedyus-
cung made his animated Speech assuring us that, by the advice of the
Allyganians, and all the Indians Present, he was determined to turn the
Edge of the Hatchet which the French had given to the Indians against
the french themselves, that they might feel its sharp Edge.
The next Morning to our great surprize we were told that Israel Pem-
berton had taken Teed3mscung, and a number of the Principal Indians
unto his house, and persauded them that the Govern'' had not made a true
relation of the Treatie of Easton, and that he should have mentioned
the Complaint made by him, and the Appeal to the King, not content
with this, he Convened in the Quaker Schoolhouse, a numbefr] of
Quakers & two of the Church, and they found a memoriaP which is
Copied. It was Presented to the Govern'' Just as he was going this morn-
ing to speak to the Indians, agreeable to what he had told them the day
before, in which the^' could not tell what the Governor would say.
Teedyuscung tutored bj^ Israel, desired that a Copy of tbe Treaty’s at
Easton might be given to the two Alleganians, to carry with them to be
read at Ohio, which the Governor was obliged to Comph^ with, tho
twenty to one the French will have the reading of them, and make
their own use of them with the Indians. You will please to observe that
these two Indians have no Authoritj^ from their nation, but came of their
Own Head, partlv to sell Beaver, and partlj'^ to hear what was doing.
Judge therefore if such a Minute Account was Proper, or that the Treaties
should be trusted to them, and wether this Interposition m the Quakers
was not officious, unseasonable, and may be of bad Consequence. I am
sure both Governor and Council want not to screen the Proprietor, nor
to prevent a fair hearing of Complaints before a full Council of Indians,
but to be for ever dining this in the Ears of the Indians, at every petty
Conference is neither Policy, nor Prudence, nor common Justice. A
Proper Boundar}^ ought and must be fixed with the Indians, but it is
neither a Preliminary, nor ought to be. It was not the Occasion of the
Warr, nor ever thought of, but it is nevertheless proper, & what the Pro-
prieters and Government have much at Heart as much as these Quakers.
We will trv to Dispatch the Alleganians tomorrow' with a white man to
the Ohio, & I hope they will be persuaded to remove from the French &
withdraw all Assistance.
As we expect an Answer to the three Belts that have been sent to the
Senecca’s and the People on the Ohio, it was not in our power to do more
than is done.
Teedyuscung said he expected a Number of Indians every day and
would wait for them. If the Allegany Indians can be got to be dis-
patch'd, it may be of immediate Service to you.
At the Close of the Conferences, (which Close I have not time to
Copy) it was agreed on both sides to forgive and forget past offences,
13 July 1758 199
and particularh' the Allcgenians,^ or Indians on the Ohio, were included
in this Mutual Stipulation.
I have the pleasure to Acquaint you that General Abercrombie on the
5*'’ Instant was embarked on the Lake with 16,000 men and 500 Indians.
On the 6**' they would attempt to land & an Account of the Action is
daily expected,
I am S'''
Your Most obedient hum’*' Serv-
Rich*? Peters
{Endorsed] Copy Letter AP Peters Philadelphia 12’’' July
"Probably written to Forbes. In his letter to Bouquet, July 17, Forbes mentioned
receiving the Minutes referred to by Peters.
^ See Minutes for Indian Conference, July 11-12.
^ See Memorial, July 12.
‘A group of Delaw’are and Shawnee Indians residing along the Allegheny River.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 91, A. L. S.]
Camp near Reas Town IS”" Juh^ 1758
Alonsieur
Cap'?*' Paris’ ayant amene Ses 16 Cherokee va au Fort Frederic pour
recevoir la Paye de Sa Comp^ dYu il doit Se rendre a Fort Cumberland,
Suivant vos ordres.
Je crois qu’il Seroit fort propre pour conduire depuis Winchester, le
Little Carpenter a Reas Town, mais comme il n’est pas en favetir avec
les Virginiens et que je ne Seals point quels ordres vous aures donne la
dessus; Je lui ai recommande de vous demander vos Intentions sur cette
Commission.
Il dit quhl ny a pas plus de 40 Miles de Fort Frederic a Reas Town,
par un Sentier au travers des Bois, ce qui Seroit la meilleure Route pour
ces Cherokee.
J’ay I’honeur d'etre
Monsieur
AYtre ties humble et tres obeiss? Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
General Forbes
{Endorsed] Letter CoL Bouquet Raestown 13”' Julv 1758 G forbes
{Addressed] On His Alajesty's service To General Forbes
200
13 July 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Raystown, July 13, 1758.
Sir,
Captain Paris, ^ after bringing his sixteen Cherokees, is going to Fort
Frederic to receive his company’s pay. From there he is to go to Fort
Cumberland, according to your orders.
I believe that he would be very suitable to take the Little Carpenter
from Winchester to Raystown, but as he is not in favor with the Vir-
ginians, and as I do not know what orders you may have given on this
subject, I advised him to ask you for your wishes regarding this com-
mission.
He says that It is not more than forty miles from Fort Frederic to
Raystown by a path through the woods which would be the best route
for these Cherokees.
I have the honor to be.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant
Henry Bouquet
^Capt. Richard Pearis.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Camp near Raystown, July 13, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Ourry in his to Bouquet, July 19.
Bouquet’s letter conveyed orders from Forbes to all of the forts to send in returns of
their respective stores.
MORGAN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 145, A. L. S.]
[Juniata Crossings, July 13, 1758]
Honored Sir
A Sad Accidence Just now hapned as a party of our Men was Sent out
to Cutt Grass for y® wagon Horses, on their way Some Dispute hapned
amung them: one Charles Carty^ of Cap* Wards — Company Shoot at
one thomas Williams^ — of Cap^ Works^ Company and shoot him through
the Leg, brooke the Bone: we have no SurjanU hear the Man Lies In a
Langwishing Condition for want of one: the Piquetts to the East ward of
y® fort will be finished this Evning we have begun to digg the trench for
y® other piquets to south of y® fort we have three of y® Barricks Covered
201
13 July 1758
as for y® flatt we have no Workmen here that understands it We have a
good many Planke Sawe*? for it: the Doors of y® fort we Cannot Set up
before we have the hingees I wrote to Cap*^ Gorden about them but they
are not Yet Come: we are at Present Busy in Lining of the fort and
making the Port holes
I am Honored Sir
Your Most Humble Serv'^*^
Jacob Morgan
Juniata Crossing July 13*^ 1758 one o’clock P. M. in hast.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap^ Morgan July
[Addressed] on his Maj Service To Colonel Buquett Esq pr Express.
’■Charles Carty was later used as an express between Bedford and Fort Pitt.
® Not identified.
° Capt. Patrick Work.
‘ Surgeon.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 11, A. L. S.]
Eort Loudoun July y® 13^'’ 1758
Dear Sir,
Agreable to your Directions of the 11-^ Instant,^ the two Deserters- of
the 2*^ Battalion have been told by Cap^ Harding, that you had been so
kind as to pass over their Crime for this Time & they promise to behave
like good Soldiers for the future, k pray God to bless you. Cap- Harding
has appointed them to your Company for the present.
I have applied (by the same Express that carries your Dispatches to
Carlisle) to the GeneraE for Waggons to transport the Indian Corn to
Reas Town. And to S^ Jn®^ for Iron, Nails kc: Tho’ by all Accounts
the GeY is to be here Saturday or Sunday next at farthest.
I shall be punctual & Sparing in [the]t delivering of Oats.
We regret every day more k more the leaving our Arm Chests at Car-
lisle, Spare Arms, Pouches, Blankets, and many other necessaries being
contain’d in them and greatly wanted to compleat the Men. If it was
agreable to you, the Captains would be oblig’d to you, for ordering them
up. I could write to the Store Keeper, to put one in a Waggon with Oats,
or any other convenient load, but for this we shall wait your Directions.
The Roads for two or three Miles on each side this Fort, are very good,
there being Scarce a Day but I have 15 or 20 Aden at Work upon them.
t Stricken out.
202
13 July 1758
I shall deliver 1 oois to the Troops marching up &: acquaint them that
it IS your Directions that they mend the Roads
I am preparing a Return of the Provisions, Stores &c: in this Fort to
deliver to the Gen' or S'' John, in case either or both of them should come
this Way whilst I am here.
As you desire me to send, with George Saltzgeber,^ the Deserter, the
Circumstances of taking him; tho' they are not very interesting, I have
inclos’d them® &: for brevity wrote them in a Dialogue, as the most
natural & Simple Style.
I have cover'd, clean'd out, &: fitted up the Summer house near the
River Side, in which you had the talk with the Indians; as the most
agreable & Commodious Place for the General, to refresh himself in at
his arrival here.
I have nothing more to add at present, but the Compliments of Cap-
Harding & the rest of our Officers, who wish you health & Success in your
Undertakings, but none more than
Dear S'"
Your most humble & most Obedient Ser*
L^- OURRY
Colonel Bouquet.
[Endorsed in Bovqneds handu'riting] Lieut* Ourry July 13'*’
' Not found.
'See Ourry to Bouquet, July 8.
"Bouquet’s dispatches, and Ourry ’s letter to Forbes not found.
" Sir John St. Clair.
^ See Ourry to Bouquet, July 12.
" Not found.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .Add. MSS. 21641, f. 11, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 13th July 1758
Sir
Your favour of the 11**’^ by Doct'' Johnston- I had the pleasure to re-
ceive the same day. Nothing extraordinary since my last has occurd.
By a Party from CoP Mercer^ to this place for Provisions I find, they
have opend the Road only 6 Miles; and that they proceed much slower
in this Service than I expected: this possibly may arise from the pains
they take to make the Road good, and from the width of it (30 Feet)
which I directed, that two Waggon’s might conveniently go abrest. If
you don’t open on your side in this manner, I should be obligd to you to
13 July 1758 203
direct Col'’ Mercer otherwise — as it will be useless to have one part wide
& the other narrow.
It gave me great pleasure to find you approv’d^ of the dress I have put
my Men into. I have really done it from a good Intention — Caprice and
whim had no share in causing of it — on the contrary, ’tis evident I think,
that Soldiers in such a dress are better able to carry their Provisions;
are fitter for the active Service we are engagd in; and less liable to sink
under the fatigues of a long March besides the advantages of contacting
by this means our Line of March which must extend always in propor-
tion as we are incumber’d with carriages or Horses.
I have heard nothing from CapC Dagworthy since he Marchd; but ex-
pect the Waggons are at Winchester by this time that I dispatchd the
same day. I beg pardon for the liberty I have taken for recommend-
ing a Letter® for Maj^ Halkett to y^ care — with most sincere regard I aui
Sir Y'' most Obed* H*’'® Serv*^
G® Washington
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Col. Washington 13*’’ July
Answered®
{Addressed} On His Majesty’s Service to Col® Bouquet — Commanding
His Majesty’s Forces — at Rays Town
* L. C., Papers of George Washington, A. Df., printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of
Washington, II, 235-236.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, July 11.
* Probably Dr. John Johnston, of the Virginia troops.
® Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
* See Bouquet to Washington, July 11.
® Probably Washington’s letter to Halkett, July 16, printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings
of Washington, II, 239.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, July 14.
Sir
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 9, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumb'l ah* 9 Thursday Night
July 13*” 1758.
Abl 4 Oclock this Afternoon — after I had closd my Letter^ to you — I
receivd Information that two Men were killed k a third taken Prisoner
on the Road about a Mile from this place. I got the Indians to go, and
sent a Command of 50 Men immediately to the spot, where they took the
Tract of S ix Indians and followd them till near dark [ ... ]t when the
Indians returnd, as did our Party also.
t Stricken out
204
14 July 1758
I hey discovered that one of the Men killd was a Sold?" of the Second
Regiment, and that the other two were herd going to our Grass Guard
in the most careless, stagling manner; contrary to repeated, and positive
Orders given to prevent small parties stragling from Camp.
The mischief was done ab^ 8 this morning — our discovery of it too late
to give us a chance to overtake the Enemy — I thought it advisable
nevertheless to give you Intelligence that the Enemy are about, and that
expect we shall be pester’d with their Parties all this Moon — haunting
our Camps, & watching our Motions.
I have apprizd CoP Mercer,^ Capt“ Dagworthy, and all our out Parties
of this murder, that they may be strictly upon their Guard March® — &
vigilant in y*" Camps.
The Inclosd^ I this Instant receivd from Capt" Dagworthy — if it is
not in your power to afford him assistance — tis intirely out of mine to
do it.
I am with great regard Y?' Most Obed^ Serv^
G*^ Washington
P. S. Capt” Bosomworth &c: are safely arrivd here he & CoP Byrd join
me in y'’ Complim-®
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Col. Washington 13-** July
Answered"*
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service To CoP Bouquet — Commanding
the Forces — at Rays Town
* L. C., Papers of George Washington, A. Df., printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of
Washington, II, 236-237.
^ See preceding letter.
“Lieut. Col. George Mercer and Capt. John Dagworthy. Washington’s letter to Dag-
worthy is printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 234-235, but no letter
to Mercer was found.
“Not found. Apparently Washington forgot to enclose it. See Bouquet to Washington,
July 14.
* See Washington to Bouquet, July 14.
BOSOMWORTH TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216SS, f. 13, A. L S.l
Camp at Cumberland MI** July 1758.
Dear Sir/
I gott safe to this place yesterdaj^ evening after a very narrow escape
with my Scalp, Two men being Scalpt & one taken Prisoner* by the
Enemy Indians within a mile & half of the Fort before I arrived. I Com-
205
14 July 1758
municated your Instructions to Col' Byrd &c? but find that are no
Catawbas at Winchester nor any accounts of the litle Carpenter, M'
Gist being too premature (as he generally is) in his Intelligence,^ there-
fore there is no Necessity of waiting longer here; the 28 Tuscaroras which
are expected from Winchester I shall desire Cob B5^rd to send to Reas
Town after they come up. Mt Glen proposes setting out for your Camp
the day after to morrow & I shall do myself the Pleasure to accompany
him & am
Sir
Your most Obed^ Hble Serv^
[A.] Bosomworth
I have sent back the Escort with O'" Johnston
Col- Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap^ Bosomworth 14-*’ July
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To Col' Bouquet Commanding
all the Troops at Rays Town Camp &c“ &c®
^ See Washington to Bouquet, July 13.
’‘See Glen to Bouquet, July 14.
BOUQUET TO GEORGE MERCER
[Camp near Raystown, c. July 14, 1758]
Letter missing, but was probably written to George Mercer, who was cutting roads
about SIX miles from Fort Cumberland, toward Raystown. See Bouquet to Washington,
July 14. There is no indication as to the contents of the letter.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 136, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 14-'’ July 1758
Sir
Having been out to visit the Roads I received this afternoon your two
Letters'^ of yesterday.
I am obliged to you for tbe notice of the Sad Accident happened to
your Men. This Warning may prevent more effectually than orders the
Carelessness and disobedience of our People.
The General recommands me to Send frequent Partys to harrass the
Ennemies at home. I have actually four out, besides the Indians Sent
bjr Col. Byrd; If jmu Should think proper to Send Some of your brisk
206 14 July 1758
young fellows under the Care of a prudent officer, we could keep them
busy at home.
As I am entirely unacquainted w^^ this Country I would look upon it as
a favour, if you would let me know your opinion,^ upon the Possibility
of Sending a Strong Party to the Indian Settlements upon the Ohio;
If their houses and families were in danger, I would think [thjtit a great
inducem- for them to provide for their immediate defence and leave to
the french their own quarrels to fight.
Before the General could be acquainted w*’’ your new dress, he has
approved it extremely upon a hint I gave him Some time ago.
It takes very well here, and thank God, we See nothing but Shirts and
Blanketts,
The Convoys tall So thick upon us that we have no time to do any
thing but to lodge them and I am obliged to beg the assistance of your
Second Comp? of artificers® for a few days after they have cut the Road,
and build two Logg houses'* half Way, for a detachment, and Some Stores
if wanted.
The General desires you would Send a Party to reconnoitre Braddocks
Road, and begin to clear a few miles, repairing the Bridges
We have not a Soul idle in the Camp, The Field officers being them-
selves overseers.
We Shall have Carrying horses, [and]t few Waggons and Still less
Bagage;
Our new comers Cherokee, are gone away after having Stolen our
goods. It is a great humiliation for us to be obliged to Suffer the re-
peated Insolences of Such Rascals; I think it would be easier to make
Indians of our White men, than to coax that damned Tanny Race.
You will receive the General’s Standing orders® which we have read
this morning to the Troops here.
I am at a Loss how to Settle the Money between the two Provinces;
If you could tell me the way, I would be obliged to you. My Respects to
M? Glen & Col. Byrd
I am most Sincerely
Your most obed* humble Servant
Henry Bouquet
You have forgot the Letter® from Cap* Dagworthy
I write^ to Col. Mercer.®
t Stricken out.
207
14 July 1758
[Endorsed} Colonel Bouquet July 58
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To Col. Washington Commanding
His Majestys Forces at Fort Cumberland.
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 360-362,
^Washington to Bouquet, July 13, which see.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, July 16.
^ Capt. John Posey’s company of Virginians.
* According to local tradition, this was about 2 miles north of Centerville, Cumberland
Valley Township, Bedford County, on a small ridge running north from the Bortz
Church.
“ Not found.
“Not found, but supposedly enclosed in letter from Washington to Bouquet, July 13,
which see.
’ Letter not found.
“ Probably Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 93, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle July 14“^ 1758
Sir
I had the pleasure of yours of the last night, And have all along
thought the road from F; Frederick to Cumberland Superfluous, if we
could have done with out it, which I am glad to understand wee can
do by Raes Town. It would have been double pleasure if from thence
we could have gott a good road across the Laurell hill. But by Cap*
Wards journall I beginn to fear it will be difficult, altho I would have
you continue to make further tryalls, for I should be sorry to be oblidged
to pass by Fort Cumberland. I am sensible that some foolish people-
have made partys to drive us into that road, as well as into the road
by Fort Frederick, but as I utterly detest all partys and views in military
operations, so you may very well Guess, how and what arguments I have
had with S**" John S* clair upon that Subject. But I expect Governor
Sharp here this night when I shall know more of this same road.
I hope your second detatchment across the Alleghany have been Able
to ascertain what route wee must take, and that consequently you are
sett about clearing of it.
The Waggons have been the plague of my life, as I found them here in
the Greatest degree of Confusion, nor indeed had S*’’ John taken the
smallest pains, or had made the least inquiry how to sett those matters
to rights. I hope however to gett to the bottom of it when the empty
waggons now at Reas town return. You will give orders that each
[Provlsjt Convoy as they arrive be examined, and those Waggons or
t Stricken out.
208
14 July 1758
horses found unsufficient [to he reviewd |t to he marked down and turned
out of the service giving them passes and marking the days that they
were discharged.
Wee likewise have been and were like to be at one Intire stop for
want of provender for our horses as S''" John had only made ane Imaginery
provision, for in reality wee had not one pound of Hay — and all the
meadows eat up five miles around us. This I have in some measure
remedy'd by making provision of Rye. Cutting the Straw & grinding the
grain makes both a Cheap feed & more hearty than Hay & oats, as it
goes tw’ice as farr [being |t and consequently easier transported.
As the troops are now mostly supplyed with fresh Beef, they are to
receive it at the rate of seven pound p week And if they gett pork, they
are only to have four pounds of pork, which is the rate that Gen" Aber-
crombie has given out m orders.
I send you enclosed bT Hoops Calculation^ of provisions by which you
will see, that wee have 3 Months provision for Six thousand men at
Raes Town or upon the road from this place, so w'lth a Continuall Sup-
ply comming in I hope this will do.
Major Jamison* who sett out Yesterday will acquaint you of the De-
tatchments that I have made from the provincials, and where posted.
The Companys are now all upon their march except six that I hope to
gett away to morrow or Monday being in hourly expectation of their
Necessarys from Philadelphia, which is the only thing y* I left in trust to
the provincial! Commissioners, and m wdiich they have (as I expected)
deceivd me. I find such great neglects, and such slowness m every thing,
that I dare not venture to leave this before I sett everything in motion;
so it will at soonest be teusday or Wednesday next before I sett out.
I have sent up Major Armstrong with one Dunning'’ ane old Indian
trader who has been many a time [a|t upon the road from Raes town
to Fort dti (juesne, he says there is no Difficulty m the road across the
Laurell Hill and that He leaves the Yohageny all the way upon his left
hand about 8 miles, and that it is only 40 miles from the Laurell Hill to
Fort dll (iLiesne along the top of the Chesnut ridge." I fancy he will be off
Service to you. So lose no time in sending bim out.
Major Armstrong has desired to have a pretty strong party to go along
with this man. I would therefore give him 100 Volunteers, or such a party
as you shall judge proper, w'ith provisions upon Bats horses, and some
Indians, as He proposes going as farr as the Ohio and Fort du quesne to
reconoitre and to endeavour to bring of a prisoner, or gett some Intelli-
gence. You will therefore give him your Instructions to take very great
Care how he proceeds, for the Ennemy’s taking any of his people pris-
oners would be of great use to them and to our great Detriment So every
precaution must be taken.
t Stricken out.
209
14 July 1758
Send other Guides with him, who may he sent back from distance to
distance to acquaint you of the route they take, and agree upon some
marks by which it may be found.
As the Speedy Execution of this is of great consequence you will lose
no time in sending Major Armstrong away, and let the [Subalterns]!
officers that goes with him be right people, who understands the woods
and bush fighting.
I have just now' sent orders’ for those troops who have been working
from F: Frederick to F: Cumberland to march and join you at Raes town.
And I have orderd the North Carolina troops to march to Fort Loudoun
to receive Arms tents &c and then to join you hkewjse. If you want more
troops you may send for them from F ; Cumberland.
I have sent Compasses and Union Flags with Major Armstrong, for
the partys 5mu may send out.
Upon second thoughts and if the road be found convenient across the
Laurell Hill leaving the Yohageny to the left hand, why should not (upon
y* Certainty and the return of the Guides that you may send out for
that purpose) A Detatchment of 500 Men or more if necessary be sent
directly to Laurell Hill or some where there; to take post there, and make
a Stockade and place for the reception of our Ammunition & provisions,
but in all this procedure great caution is to be used, having had Intelli-
gence® from Albany, that a Number of Indians and Canadiens have been
seen passing Lake Ontario supposed to have been sent to Fort du quesne.
So pray keep a Good look out with your out posts and I think your
piketts ought to lye au bivouac® every night.
I Shall send you up most of the light horse Immediatly and a Second
hundred of Bats horses leaves this to morrow, and a third hundred upon
teusday. As I presume you may want Forrage; and as S"’ John has at
last confessed that he had provided none but at Fort Cumberland ( I sup-
pose on purpose to drive me into that road, for what purpose I know not)
If you therefore think it necessary, send Waggons to Fort Cumberland
for part of it, always sending the forty waggons together, and belonging
as much as possible to the same County and under the direction of the
same Waggon master to prevent Confusion.
I am extreamly sorry to give You the enclosed extract of Letters’^® With
one Acco** of Gen” Abercrombys landing near Tienderoga, and the un-
timely fate of poor Lord Howe. I do not know what to Conjecture, or
how to judge, but they must have mett with a repulse, otherwise Gen”
Stanwix would never have been so rash as to raise the Militia, and to lay
ane Embargo upon the Shipping, which must allarm all the Continent.
As I judge at present, this same affair of Gen” Abercromhj's, may make
me risque a forced March or two to create a Diversion.
+ Stricken out.
210
14 July 1758
Govern!' Sharp came here last night, but has no news only the beggary
and desertion of the North Carolina Forces.
Let me hear immediately your resolution about the road and believe me
Y'' Most ob* hum*® Serv*^
Jo: Forbes.
Sunday Morn?
Make look over all kind of Stores, and putt them in order, and gett returns
of them, for in this place every thing was mixed, so wee neither knew
what wee had or what w’ee wanted.
Col: Bouquet
\Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] General Forbes Id-** July
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 145-148.
See Bouquet to Forbes, July 11.
^ Possibly referring to Washington and Byrd, as well as to St. Clair.
®Not found. Capt. Thomas Jocelyn of the Royal Americans, and Major Richard Wells
of the Pennsylvanians, with their companies, were opening this road.
* Major David Jameson.
^Probably James Dunning, an old Indian trader, after whom Dunning Creek and
Dunning Mountain, Bedford County, are named.
** Chestnut Ridge lies just west of Laurel Hill.
’ Not found.
'Probably from Abercromby’s secretary, John Appy, June 27, 1758, AB 393, and July
6, AB 412.
' “on guard.”
See abstracts: Stanwix to De Lancey, July 9 and De Lancey to Denny, July 12.
GLEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 147, A. L S.]
14 Jul. 1758
Dear Sir
As I intend you a visite soon at Reas Town, I shall say little at present,
and I know, to one in your situation, the less one writes the better, unless
upon business, which I have banished, while I remain in the wilderness,
it shall however be my Study and business both here & every where to
convince Col Bouquet that I am with the most perfect truth
[My]t His Most Obedient Servant
James Glen
There are no Indians [at Reas Town]t except a few Tuscaroras at Win-
chester, ’tis above a fortnight ago since I had the Account of the
t Stricken out.
14 July 1758
211
Catawbas & Cherokees both which I Judged to be without foundation
then, Cap^ Gist should not upon such slight surmises write to the General,
and indeed I think at all times his Correspondence ought to be conducted
through some other Channel excuse haste
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Mt Glen Id^'^ July
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet
HOOPS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 149, L. S.]
Carhle July 14^'^ 1758
Dear Sir
I Rec^ yours of the 29^'^ of June^ and it is very Agreeable to me to
heare you have sent up more Provisions than was at first Mentioned I
should be glad you Could make the 250 Cattle 3 or 4 hundred and to
Contract, for at least 3 Hundred more to be Deliverd as soon as Possible
If you can get Carriages Handy you may send up 20 or thirty Loads of
Flour to Fort Cumberland, I have now sent you one hundred and fifty
Dbleloons^ and I will Leave with John Smith^ in Carlile Five Hundred
pounds more which you may Draw for as you think Proper
I shall set of for Rays Town on Satterday where I hope to have the
Pleasure of seeing you soon as I Know the General will not be satisfyed
without you are along with him whatever Bargains you and M?" Vernon'^
makes it is Quite Agreeable to me I have orderd him to Contract for
some Cattle till you Return as the Service now Calls for a Quick Dispatch,
I would be glad to know if CoP Hunters® Bills would Answer in Virginia
as I Believe my Remittances must be that way it being very Inconvenient
to send Cash from Rat's Town I begg jmur Speedy Advice in this I am
Sir
Your Humble Servant
Adam Hoops
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Letters concerning the Provisions
for Cumberland
^ Not found.
^Doubloons, Spanish gold coins, varying in value. No longer issued.
'John Smith was contractor for provisions during Braddock’s campaign.
^ Richard Vernon of Winchester, contractor for provisions for the Virginia regiments.
' Col. John Hunter, Virginia banker, and agent for Thomlinson and Hanbury of
London.
212
15 July 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 57, A. L. S.U
Camp near Reas Town 15^ Juillet 1758
Monsieur
Je n’ai receu qu'hier votre Lettre du 27® JuinJ qui par je ne Seal quelle
avanture, a ete trouvee a Littleton par Sir Allen,- entre les mains d’un
Charretier qui la reportoit de Reas down.
Je receus celle du 11® Cour*'^ avant hier, avec vos Ordres contenus dans
les Lettres^ de Mess’® Grant, et Halkett; J'y reponds par articles commes
ils se trouvent Sous mes yeux.
Je crois vous avoir mande que I'Etablissement de Shingle clamusche^
est line Chimere; Sur le raport de deux differens Partys qui y out passe
il n’y a personne, et il y a apparence que les Cherokee ont pris Wyoming
pour Pautre.
Le Delawar Amhas^ qui a accompagne le volontaire Dunlap dans Sa
Course Sur I’Ohio, ayant donne de bonnes Preuves de Sa fidelite: J^ay
obtenu des Cherokee de le recevoir, et ils lui envoyent un String de
Wampum: Cet Indien pourroit etre necessaire quand nous Serons Sur
les Lieux, pour pousser la negotiation entamee, et j’ay charge Dunlap de
Taller chercher.
Je prends cette occasion pour vous prier de recomander ce jeune home
au Gouverneur pour une Comission: Il connoit les Bois comme un
Sauvage, et pent rendre quelque Service avec les Rangers.
Malg re tons les avertissemens, ordres, et frequentes visites, Je n’ay pu
reussir encore a rendre les gardes vigilantes, quoi que je n’aye pas par-
donne une faute de cette Nature.
Je ne connais plus qiTun moyen de tirer les Officiers Provmciaux de
leur Indolence, qui est d’en faire casser un, quand Tarmee Sera assemblee.
Les Comp'?® d’Ouvriers du Reg‘ de Byrd Sont un bon Etablissement;
Ne trouveries vous pas a propos d’en former une dans chaque Batt. de
Pensilvanie, avec une de Rangers, des que le tout aura jomt.^
Tons nos Detachemens ou Partys ont les memes Alarques Que les
Indiens, un bandeau jaune autour du front, &: une bande flotante de meme
Couleur autour du Bras.
Deux homes ont ete Scalpes avant hier, et un 3® pris par 6 Indiens qui
S’etoient dit Cherokee au Party qui les rencontra pres de Cumberland,
on les poursuit pour tacher de ratraper le Prisonier, Les Indiens S’etant
alle poster Sur les Passages.
15 July 1758
213
Pour prevenir dans la Suite une pareille deception, J'eus hier un grand
Conseil avec les Cherokee, ou je leur rapellai combien de fois ils avoient
ete avertis de ne jamais Sortir Sans ces marques, cependant ds les negli-
geroient: Je leur declaray que j’avois donne ordre a tous nos gens de
tirer Sur tous les Indiens qu'ils rencontreroient Sans ces marques, et que
Si quelcun de leurs gens etoit tue, ce Seroit leur faute: Ils me dirent que
cela etoit fort juste, qu’ils ne sortiroient plus du Camp Sans leur Bandeau
et que si ceux qui roublieroient etoient tues: Ils ne S’en plaindroit pas:
Ils vont a la decouverte tous les Jours, et je fais battre les Environs par
nos Chasseurs, ce qui n’empechera pas que nous ne perdions quelques
homes, par le necessite d’envoyer chaque Jour des gens pour cbercher les
Chevaux dans les Bois.
Vos ordres” ont ete lus a toutes les Troupes igy, et envoyes au Fort
Cumberland.
J’ay donne ordre qu’ils fissent reconnoitre la Route de a
tout Evenement cela Servira a decevmir I’Ennemy.
J’attens chaque Jour le gros Party que j’ay envoye au dela des Mon-
tagues, des qu’ils arnveront je vous envoyeray votre Expres.
Sir Allen McLean Sera demain igy avec deux Comp®* La garnison du
Poste de la Juniatta consiste en 100 homes des nouvelles Levees et un
Detachem* des 2 Batt de Pensilv: qui ont ordre de rejoindre des que
I’ouvrage Sera a pen pres fini; Le Cap"® Gordon qui y est alle bier me
marque que ce Sera dans quatre Jours.
Une Comp® de Highlanders restera a Littleton jusciu'a ce que vous la
fassies relever. L’autre escortera le premier Convoy pour le Camp.
Les Provisions arnvent en abondance. Je receus bier 70 Chariots, en
bon ordre, et a ma grande satisfaction J’y vis de bons Chevaux, ce qui
me fait esperer que vous pourres en choisir 100 en Etat de Suivre I’Expe-
dition, ce que je crois toujours Suffisant, avec des Chevaux de Bat pour
le reste.
Je vous prie de faire faire le Calcul du nombre qui Sera necessaire pour
transporter les vivres de depots en depots, avec I’augmentation pour
les accidents, ike comptant qu’un Cheval porte les vivres d’un Jour pour
Cent homes.
Des que je Serai reinforce par les nouvelles Levees et que les 3 Batt.
Seront formCs, je pourrai envoyer 150, ou 200 homes a Fr . . T . .n,'* avec
des Chevaux de Bat. Ils pourront pousser des Partys en Avant. La
distance d’lgy est d’environ 35 miles; Le Sentier qui va a I’Ohio est bon,
mais le detour est de pres de 80 miles.
J’ay troLive un moyen fort expeditif de retrancher les Camps. J’espere
que vous I’aprouveres pour so Simphcite.
214
15 July 1758
La Communication avec ce Poste avance Sera tenue ouverte au moyen
d'un detachem- de 30 homes aussi retranches a moitie chemin.
Les 500 homes qui Sont sur la Route au Fort Cumberland n’avancent
gueres a cause des marais qu'ils faut couvrir de Chaussees, mais le Chemin
Sera bon, et Sans montagne. II y a environ 20 m. de coupe.
II y aura deux Logg Houses a moitie Chemin^® bastiones aux deux
angles opposes, et Se flanquant reciproquement aux deux cotes du
Chemin: Elies pourront Servir de convert a un Detachem- et de magazin.
ce Sera I’ouvrage d’une Couple de Jours.
M'’ Glen Se proposoit de venir iqy demam, mais comme nous n’avons
aucun Convert, je Pay prie d’attendre encore quelques Jours, pour que
nous puissons lui batir une Hutte, n’ayant pas a present un Soldat oisif
dans le Camp.
Nous avons des Magasins pour recevoir 3 mois de Provisions pour
I’armee, et nous en batirons pour les Bagages Les Planches nous arre-
tent, quoi que nous ayons 10 Scies en action.
II y a 18 fours construits, du Charbon fait, et je forme un Magazin
de foin. Les 16 Indiens que le Cap® Paris^^ avoir amenes, nous ont quittes
hier come des Coquins apres avoir promis solemnellem- de faire la Cam-
pagne, Je fais pent etre tort a leur Conducteur, mais je crois qu’il a
plutot cherche a Se faire valoir en les amenant sous I’appat de recevoir
des Presens pour leurs Services passes, qu’il n’a cherche a leur en faire
rendre de nouveaux. Ce n’est pas un home a employer, malgre les
recommandations que Ton pent vous donner a Carlisle. /II partit avant
hier pour Cumberland avec Bosomworth./
Les Catawbas, et Cherokee de Gist n’existoient que dans Son Imagina-
tion, et Sont reduits a 28 Tuscaroras, et Nantaways,^^ plus propres a
emporter nos Presens, qu’a combattre. II ne faut plus compter que Sur
nous memes: Je receus hier 28 Lettres, je reponds a ce qui concerne le
Service directem- et j’espere que le Major Grant, & Brigade Major
m’excuseront pour aujourdhuy.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre avec un devouement entier
Monsieur
Votre tres Humble, et tres obeissant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
180 3
180
360 6 - 4 - 40 miles
{Endorsed^ Col: Bouquet Raestown July 15*'^
215
15 July 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Reas Town, July 15, 1758.
Sir,
I did not receive your letter of June 27th^ until yesterday. By I know
not what chance, it was found at Littleton by Sir Allen," in the hands
of a wagoner who was bringing it from Reas Town.
I received the one of the llth^ of this month, the day before yesterday,
with your orders contained in the letters'* of Alessrs. Grant and Halkett.
I am replying to it point by point, as they come before my eyes.
I think I informed you that the settlement at Shingle clamusche® is
an idle fancy. According to the report of two different parties who passed
there, there is no one there; and it appears that the Cherokees took
Wyoming for the other.
As the Delaware Ambas'’’ who accompanied the volunteer Dunlap on
his trip to the Ohio has given good evidence of his fidelity, I have in-
duced the Cherokees to receive him; and they are sending him a string
of wampum. This Indian might be essential when we are on the spot,
to push the negotiations already begun, and I have instructed Dunlap
to go and look for him.
I am taking this opportunity to ask jmu to recommend this young
man to the governor for a commission. He knows the woods like a
savage, and can be of some service with the Rangers.
In spite of all the notices, orders, and frequent visits, I have not yet
succeeded in making the guards vigilant, although I have never pardoned
a fault of this kind.
I know of but one way to overcome the indolence of the provincial
officers, w'hich is to break one of them when the army is assembled.
The companies of workmen in Byrd’s regiment are a good organiza-
tion; wouldn’t you find it well to form one in each Pennsylvania battalion,
with one of Rangers, as soon as they are all together.?
All our detachments or parties have the same marks as the Indians,
a yellow band around the forehead, and a streamerhke band of the same
color around the arm.
Two men were scalped, the day before yesterday, and a third taken
by 6 Indians, who were said to be Cherokees, in the party which met
them near Cumberland. They were pursued in an attempt to recover
the prisoner, the Indians going to station themselves in the passes.
To prevent a like deception in the future, I held a great council yester-
day w'ith the Cherokees, in which I reminded them how many times they
had been warned never to go out without these marks; however, they
were neglecting them. I declared to them that I had given orders to
all our men, to fire on all the Indians they encountered without these
216
15 July 1758
marks; and if some of their men were killed, it would be their own fault.
They told me that this was very just; that they would go out no more
from the camp without their band; and that if those who forgot it were
killed, they would not complain about it. Tliey go scouting every day,
and I am having the hunters scout the neighborhood, which will not
prevent us from losing some men, because of the necessity of sending
men every day to look for the horses in the woods.
Your orders' were read to all the troops here, and sent to Fort Cumber-
land.
I have given orders that the * route be reconnoitered. At all
events, that will serve to deceive the enemy.
I am daily expecting the large party which I sent beyond the moun-
tains; as soon as they arrive, I shall send your express to you.
Sir Allen McLean will be here tomorrow with two companies. The gar-
rison of the Juniatta post is made up of 100 men of the new recruits
and a detachment of the 2 Pennsylvania battalions, who have orders
to rejoin their regiment as soon as the work is nearly finished. Captain
Gordon, who went there yesterday, tells me that this will be in four days.
One company of Highlanders will stay at Littleton until you have
them relieved. The other will escort the first convoy to the camp.
The provisions are arriving m abundance. Yesterday I received 70
wagons, in good condition; and to my great satisfaction, I saw good horses,
which makes me hope that you may be able to choose 100 of them,
fit to accompany the expedition, which I still think sufficient, with pack
horses for the rest.
I beg you to have an estimate made of the number which will be
necessary to carry provisions from station to station, with allowance
for accidents, etc., figuring on one horse carrying one day’s provisions
for a hundred men.
As soon as I am reinforced by the new recruits, and the 3 battalions
are formed, I will be able to send 150 or 200 men to Fr . . T . . n,® with
pack horses. They will be able to send out advance parties. The distance
from here is about 35 miles; the path leading to the Ohio is good, but
the detour is almost 80 miles.
I have found a very expeditious means of entrenching the camps. I
hope that you will approve of it, for its simplicity.
The communication with this advance post will be kept open by a
detachment of 30 men, also entrenched halfway.
The 500 men on the road to Fort Cumberland are making little head-
way because of the swamps which they must bridge with causeways, but
the road will be good and not mountainous. There are about 20 miles
cut.
15 July 1758
217
There will be tw'o log houses halfway/'^ with bastions at the two op-
posite corners, flanking each other on the two sides of the road. They
may serve as shelter for a detachment, and as a storehouse. This wdl
mean a couple of days’ work.
Mr. Glen intended to come here tomorrow, but as we have no shelter,
I have asked him to wait some days more, so that we can build him a
cabin, as we have no idle soldiers in the camp at the present time.
We have storehouses to hold 3 months' provisions for the army, and
we shall build some for the baggage, etc. The planks are delaying us,
although we have 10 saws at work.
There are 18 ovens built, charcoal has been made, and I am making
a storehouse for hay. The 16 Indians whom Captain Paris^^ had brought,
left us yesterday like rascals, after having solemnly promised to take
part m the campaign. Perhaps I wrong their leader, but I think he
rather thought to put himself forward by bringing them under the lure
of getting presents for their past services, instead of seeking to make
them render new services. He is not a trustworthy man, in spite of the
recommendations that may be given to you at Carlisle. (He left the
day before yesterday to go to Cumberland with Bosomworth.)
Gist’s Catawbas and Cherokees exist only in his imagination, and
are reduced to 28 Tuscaroras and Nantawavs,^- better fitted to carrv
off our presents than to fight. We must no longer count on any but
ourselves. Yesterday I received 28 letters; I am replying to what concerns
the service directly, and I hope that Major Grant and the brigade major
will excuse me for today.
I have the honor to be, with complete devotion,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* An incomplete draft of this letter follows.
^ Forbes to Bouquet, June 27, which see.
^ Sir .-^llan MacLean.
® Forbes to Bouquet, July 11, which see.
■‘Grant to Bouquet, July 11, and Halkett to Bouquet, July 8, which see.
° Chinklacamoose. See Bouquet to Forbes, June 11.
® Ambas, .Ambies, or Hambus, an Indian from Shamokin, and a companion of James
Dunlap. See Forbes to Bouquet, .August 9.
''Not found. See Halkett to Bouquet, July 8.
® Braddock’s Road. See draft, which follows.
® Frankstown.
“ Not located.
“Capt. Richard Pearis. See Bouquet to Forbes, July 13.
Nottoways.
218 15 July 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 95, A. Df.]*
Answer to the 3 Letters from Gen’ Forbes of the 27^*' June IF’' July, and
Major Grants
[Raystown,] 150' July by Mt Dunlap’
J’ay vu avec Plaisir bier de bons Chevaux et Chariots et espere que
Ton en pourra choisir 100 [pourjt en etat des Suivre I’Expedition.
Je le prie de [penser qu’un Chavaljt faire faire le Calcul des Chevaux de
Bat necessaires pour [pousserjt transporte de depots en depots les vivres
necessaires pour le nombre de troupes qu’il prepare avec I’augmentation
pour les accidens comptant un Cheval pour porter les vivre d’un Jour
a 100 homes.
Je crois lui avoir mande que I’Etablissem’ de Shingleclamuch est une
Chimere. [Selon La Raportjt Le Delawar qui a accompagne le volontaire
Dunlap dans Son Expedition, ay’ donne des Preuves convaincantes de
fidalite. J’ay obtenu des Cherokee de le recevoir, et ils lui envoyent un
String Wampum. Je crois cet home necessaire pour negotier avec les
[leurjt Delawar quand nous approcherons du Fort et j’envoye Dunlap
pour le chercher.
Je prens cette occasion pour le prier de recomander ce Jeune home
au Gouvernt pour la p?' vacance [C’est un tres bon Woodsman, ]t II
connoit les Bois, et [qui]t pent etre de bon Service.
Malgre tous les avertlssemens, ordres et frequentes Visites, Je n’ay
pu reusser encore a rendre les gardes vigilantes, quoi que je n’aye jamais
pardonne un Seule faute decette nature.
Je ne connais plus qu’un Remede pour reveiller [I’affreux] Indolence
des [off pretenders]! ofhciers de ces Provinciaux, qui est d’en faire casser
un, quand vous aures [joint]! assemble I’armee.^
The two artificers Comp'^® of Col. Byrds Reg’ are very usefull and
handy. If he aproves of it One could be formed in Each of the Pensilva
Reg’ and that number would be Sufficient to cut the Roads, make
Bridges which would Spare the Soldiers, and give to me to form them.
One Comp^ of Rangers or Woodsmen would I think be also very
Serviceable. This if aproved to be done after the junction of [a]! the new
Levies
[No news yet of Lawrell Hill]!
All our Parties are marked w”' the Same marks’ as the Indians; and
know of one another.
+ Stricken out
15 July 1758
219
[I am afraid that whatjt
As soon as I shall Send 200 men to take the Post at Franks Town,
I have Bat And keep constant Scouting out, and intrenching
horses themselves, I have found out a very expeditious Way
of Intrenchm^ [and exercised the force]t which answers extremely well.
The Communication Shall be kept open by a Small detachm^ intrenched
half way.® The distance by the Path is at least 35 miles the Path to the
ohio very good, but at least 80 miles detour.
Gov’' Glens visit®
Indian affaires
Cap- Paris’'^ [has]t does not please me
IP^ July
his orders® have been read to all the Troops here and forwarded to
Cumberland.
[An]t Sent his orders to reconnoitre and Clear Braddocks Road, at all
Events it may Serve to deceive the Ennemy.
I expect every day news from Lawrall Hill and will send him an
Express.
Sir Allen M” Lean will be here to morrow w“’ two Comp^'® 700 men
of the new Levies will garrison Juniatta, the rest of the Pensilvanians is
to join us in five days, by which time the Fort [shall be fi and]t In-
trenchm* & Barraks & Flatts Will be near finished.
One Comp? of the Highland Batt. will remain at Littleton, untill re-
leased [by thejt The other is to march here w^*’ the first Convoy
The Convoys come on very fast, I received yester 70 Waggons in good
order, & expect 40 to day We have Stores enough for [the present ]t
3 months Provis for the [Reg.] and build as fast as we can for Baggages,
&ca
I am Sorry my little flock of am:® is So long disjointed. As they are
not in the best hand. They will be Spoiled if not Sent up.
[Thejt Three Camps are marked besides ours, [Everyone]! for the
[Highlanders]! am: on the Right, High! on the lefft. Provincials in the
Center.
Every Reg- to incamp in a Square which they are to Intrench Separately
to learn how to do it when alone.
The 15 worst men of Each Comp’' in the two Pensilv: Reg^ will be
draughted as Soon as their detachm* are Joined, and employed in Escorts,
never detach’d.
t Stricken out
220 IS July 1758
1 he Iron we have got is So bad that we can not make Horse Shoes
w”' it
1 here is a prodigious Consumption of it for a thousand things without
name.
I beg to let me know the time of his coming up
[no signature]
[Endorsed] Letter to Gen’ Forbes IS-’’ July
* This draft is the basis for the preceding letter.
’James Dunlap, Indian trader.
“ “Yesterday I saw with pleasure good horses and wagons, and hope that a hundred
can be chosen from them, in condition to join the expedition.
“1 beg him to have an estimate made of the packhorses necessary to transport
from storehouse to storehouse the provisions necessary for the number of troops
which he is raising, with an allowance for accidents, etc., counting one horse to carry
provisions for one day for one hundred men.
“I believe that I have informed him that the establishment at Shingleclamuch is
an idle fancy. As the Delaware who accompanied the volunteer Dunlap on his
expedition has given convincing proofs of his fidelity, I induced the Cherokees to
receive him, and they sent him a string of wampum. I believe this man necessary
to negotiate with the Delawares when we approach the fort, and I am sending
Dunlap to look for him.
“I take this opportunity to ask him to recommend this young man to the gov-
ernor for the first vacancy. He knows the woods, and can be of great help.
“In spite of all the advertisements, orders, and frequent visits, I have not been
able to succeed in making the guards vigilant, although I have never pardoned a
single fault of that kind.
“I know but one remedy which will awake the abominable indolence of the officers
of these provincials, which is to break one when you have assembled the army.”
°Two companies of artificers, under the command of Capts. John Field and John
Posey.
’ See preceding letter.
^ Not located. Ibid.
’'See preceding letter.
’ Capt. Richard Pearis.
’’ Not found.
“ First battalion of the Royal American, or 60th, Regiment.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Raystown, July 15, 1758]
Letter missing, but in St. Clair's letter to Bouquet, June 30, the endorsement notes
St. Clair’s letter as answered, July 15. There is no indication as to the contents of the
letter.
221
16 July 1758
SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MS.S. 21639, f. 34, A. L. S.]
Carlile the 16*’‘ Jully 1758.
Sir/
I am directed by General Forbes to acquaint you, that there is sent
up to Rays Town one hundred pack horses loaded with flower under
the Escort of a party of the provincials, who are to take Charge of
them & to furnish them with drivers to that place.
The General’s Intention in sending pack horses without appointed
drivers is, that upon their arrival at Rays Town you should distribute^
them amongst the Troops at the Rate of four horses to such Companies
as Consist of hundreds, and three to the others, which is the allowance
to be made for carrying their Baggage during the Campaign.
Each Company is to find a Batt man- for the horses allotted them.
I have sent you by the Bearer a small Quantity of Turnip Seed, and
shall send more as soon as it can be got.
I am, with the greatest respect
Sir
Your most Obedient Servant
CoE Bouquet
James Sinclair
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] M'' J. Sinclair 16"‘ July 1758
upon the repartition of Pack Elorses
^ See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, .‘\ugust 8.
° Leader of baggage horses.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .^dd. MSS. 21641, f. 13, L. S.]‘
[Camp at Fort Cumberland, Jiilj- 16, 1758]
Sir
I was favour’d with your's^ of the IT*’ Ins* at 11 oClock last night:
the Express who brought it informs me he was Fir’d at twice by 6
Indians, and oblig’d to abandon his Horse.
There’s three 3 Party’s gone from hence towards the Enemy’s Country
within these few' days; the largest of them /consist" of an Officer- and
18 Cherrokees/ March’d 3 days ago; I always send out some white
people with the Indians, and will to day or to morrow send an Officer
222
16 July 1758
and some alert white men with another Party of Cherrokees, as you
desire it, tho’ I must confess that I think these Scalping Partys of Indians
we send out will more effectually harrass the Enemy /by keeping them
under continuall alarams/ than any Partys of white people can do:
as small Partys of ours are not equal to the undertaking, and large
ones must be discover’d by their Scalping Partys early enough to give
the Enemy time to repell them by a Superior Eorce; and at all Events
a great probability of loosing many of our best men, and fatiguing many
more before the most essential Services are enter’d on; and am afraid
not answer the propos’d End.
You are pleas’d to desire my opinion with regard to making an Irruption
into the Enemys Country with a strong Party. As such an Enterprise
at this Juncture when we may suppose the Enemy have, or are collecting
their principal Eorce in that vicinity would require a formidable Party,
the supplying of which with Provisions &c^ im[m]tediately, might be dif-
ficult; and the March of such a Body so considerable a distance must be
discover’d as they have Partys continually watching our motions which
wou’d too probably terminate in the miscarriage of the Enterprise, and
perhaps the Destruction of our Party, I should think it more eligible to
defer it till the army reaches pretty near that Country.
I shall Direct the Officer that Marches towards the Enemy to be at
particular pains in Reconnoitring General Braddock’s Road, tho’ I have
had repeated acco-® of it’s wanting such small repairs as can with ease
be done as fast as the army can March It is impossible for me to send
out any man to repair it as CoP Mercer^ and Cap^ Dagworthy got every
Tool for that purpose I had, if we had Tools to go upon the Roads the
2*? Comp?' of artificers would no doubt be wanted here, but as it is, I
imagine they will be better employ’d w^ you.
The Malbehaviour of our Indians'* gives me great concern, if they were
hearty in our Interest their Services would be infinitly valueable; as I
cannot conceive the best white men to be equal to them in the Woods:
but I fear they are too sensible of their high Importance to us, to render
us any very acceptable Service.
As the Par of Exchange between Virginia & Pennsylvania is by the
Laws of the two Provinces Settled at 25 p c“ in favour of the former I
apprehend we can have no right to Settle it on any other footing;
especially as any material deviation therefrom might be productive of
very bad consequences.
Since writing the above the Warriour’ of the Party of Cherrokees
insisted on Marching instantly, and that but one white man should go;
t Stricken out.
17 July 1758 223
they are gone, and I have given the white man the necessary Orders
relative to the Roads
Inclos’d is a Return'' of our Provisions: since w'^^' was made out, the
Marylanders Drew for 200 Men for 10 days.
I am with great Sincerity Sir
Your most Ob* & Most hble Serv
G" Washington
Camp at Fort Cumberland July lb*** 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Col. Washington lb*** July
answered the 19^''"
* An A. Df. is printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington. II, 237-239.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, July 14.
“Possibly Capt. Richard Pearis. See Bouquet to Forbes, July IS.
“ Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
* See Bouquet to Washington, July 14.
^ This may have been Little Carpenter, who accompanied a band of Cherokees to
Fort Cumberland.
° Not found.
“Not found. Letter received and acknowledged in Washington’s to Bouquet, July 19.
BOUQUET TO LEWIS
[Camp near Raystown, July 17, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Lewis in his of July 17. Apparently the contents
of Bouquet’s letter dealt with the purchase of horses for Forbes’ campaign.
COLDEN* TO HALKETT
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 154, A. L. S.]
[Yew York, July 17, 1758]
[ABSTRACT]
Enclosed copy of a letter^ written to Dr. MiddletoM from Lake George, July 10,
describing the repulse of the British troops at Ticonderoga.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Letter to Major Halkett concern-
ing the Repulse at Tionderoga
[Addressed] To Erancis Halket Esq Brigade Major at Carlisle
"■Alexander Colden, deputy postmaster of New York, and youngest son of Lieut. Gov-
ernor Cadwallader Colden.
“ Author not identified.
“Dr. Peter Middleton of New York. He was born in North Britain, and served as
surgeon-general with the provincial troops on the Crown Point expedition, (.d. 1781).
224 17 July 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21640, f. 97, A. L. S.]*
Carlisle July 17-'^ 1758
Sir
I wrote^ you Yesterday by Major Armstrong, but I last night receivd
the Inclosed Conferences^ with the Indians at Philadelphia, by which you
will observe that there are hopes of bringing away the Indians from the
ohio. I am therefore affrald that our partys may fall upon those Indians
returning from the Ohio to settle upon the Susquehanah &c. So you will
make Armstrong proceed with great Caution, and to observe the Yellow
band^ about the head or Arms of all those who want to come in a
friendly manner from the Ennemy, I having sent them word of that
mark of Distinction, and sent some union Flags and some yellow Shalloon
up to Fort Augusta to be given to the Messengers who might go from
thence to the Ohio. Altho perhaps this may be neglected, which
would occasion confusion if wee should fall in with any of them returning
without those marks.
I send you enclosed a Calculation^ for the transport of provisions for
6000 men by which you may judge how many Waggons & Pack Horses
will be necessary to keep in the service, but so great was our Confusion,
that to this present writing I can not learn how many Waggons, wee
have now in pay. But I have sent you up M'' Irwin^ of Philadelphia who
has the Charge of all those Waggons furnish’d down there; who will
show you his books and the method that I have made him follow, which
if the other Waggon masters would copy after would sett them soon to
rights.
There are two hundred pack horses already sent off to you, and another
hundred goes away to morrow, and I think in two days after, near 200
more. I have made Cap* S* clair® write you as to the Distribution of so
many of them among the troops, allowing three horses p Company of
50 Men, and four to those of 100.
I have sent Dunlap" after Ambas the Delaware Indian, and have
promised Dunlap the first Commission.
The provincial! troops consist of 50 men p company out of which I
keep 35 of the best men &: officers for to go with us; the rest I design
for detatchments &: escorts the 3 Reg*® of this province are made equall
each Reg* consisting of 16 Companys. I have already Draughted and
detatchd the 19 Comp7® that were here, and you may have the rest in
your Eye, ready to be sent away, upon my Comming to Raes town.
Those I have detatched, cover the Country f“ Delaware to Susquehanah;
Garrison F* Augusta, and give 50 men here, and 50 at Shippenburgh.
All your demands as farr as possible I shall Comply with, having
ordered Iron to be sent up, but Cap* Bosomworths demand® for the
225
17 July 1758
Indians, I can not help thinking extravagant, as I know (betwixt friends)
that he goes half, with the merchant that furnishes them, but keep this
to yourself.
I shall hurry the troops up fast, but by what Inattention I know not,
the six provincial! Comp^® left here can not march, want of Kettles
Canteens &:c which I am informed are gone to F : Loudoun,® and S-'’ John^®
acknowledges taking some and appl3hng them to the use of the Virginians
&c which is terrible
Cap- Sinclair writes^^ 5'ou about some tents &:c that go from this to
morrow or Wednesday to be sent to F : Cumberland and some Arms about
all which you will give orders as they will be addressed to you.
You must overhawl all Sutlers, and let them know that thet" must
lay in provisions or retire, and there must be a proportion of working
tools sent to Fort Cumberland, as they Complain of want.
If you can conveniently bring M'' Glen to you, I shall be oblidged to
you, and make the best Hutt you can for me, if it is not too much
trouble.
I am sensible of the trouble you have bj^ the embarras^- I have my self.
No more news from Gen: Abercrombie nor an}- from Louisburgh, which
last it is hoped is ours.
I am D'' Sir vert" t\Ted but
very Sincerely Y'' Most ob*^ &c
Jo: Forbes.
Colo: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} General Forbes 17'^ Juh’.
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes. 149-150.
^Not found unless Forbes’ letter of July 14 was delayed until George Armstrong’s
departure, which seems probable.
‘See Peters to Forbes, July 12.
’‘See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, July 23.
‘ Not found.
® Robert Irwin, wagon master for the Pennsylvania Regiment, in 1758.
° Capt. James Sinclair.
’James Dunlap. See Bouquet to Forbes, July 15.
^ See Bosomworth’s Calculation of Expense for Indian Warriors, July 23.
“Fort Loudoun, Penna.
“ Sir John St. Clair.
“Sinclair to Bouquet, July 19, which see.
“hindrances.”
226
17 July 175S
LEWIS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 150, A. L S.]
July y® 17th 1758 — 10 miles from Raystown
Sir/
I received yours^ Dated this Day I ame fully persvveaded 200 horses
or more may be purchased in Augusta County- as Resonable as in any
Part of America, providing y*^ purchaser pay Rady Cash, On a Everage
they may Cost about Seven pounds. Severale Drivers may be ingaged.
I canot gess at y® Number, what number was formarly employed on y*?
Like Ocation® had £ 2.10.0 p*" month.
CoP David Stewart neare Augusta Court hous and Capl Rob^ Bratom^
in y® Calf-pasture'^ in S'^ County, is y*^ only persons to Ingage what
horsas and Drivers Can be got that w^iy.
in Eight Days Afture the Arivel of y® Person Sen to Augusta y® Pur-
chases may be made, if you Send that way I shall write to Severale
persons who will take plasure in forwarding that peice of Service
I ame your Most Obedeant Very Servant
And^ Lewis
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Lewis 17-^ July upon Carry-
ing horses
^ Not found.
^Augusta County, Va.
® Capt. Robert Bratton, one of the first settlers on Calf Pasture River.
^ Calf Pasture River is one of the northern branches of the North River.
EXTRACT OF LETTER FROM OFFICERS ON DUQUESNE
EXPEDITION
[Pennsylvania Gazette, Aug. 24, 1758]*
Fort Loudoun, July 17, 1758.
“In my last I advised you the Progress made in our Expedition; and
I can now tell you that the Supplies at Ray’s-Town, on the Road between
Littleton and that, Carlisle and this, compleats all the Necessaries for
the Expedition. The whole may be at Head Quarters^ in 10 Days. The
Artillery will be here To-morrow. The General is expected in 3 or 4
Days. By the present Appearance of Things I imagine we shall begin the
grand March in about 30 Days. The Troops are in high Spirits; notwith-
standing the severe Duty; and the Hopes, I may say Assurance, of Suc-
cess, makes them go thro it with Chearfulness. A Road is opening be-
17 July 1758
111
tween Fort Frederick in Maryland, to Fort Cumberland; Capt. Joslyn^
IS on this Business. It is yet uncertain the Route we shall take; I am
of Opinion a Road wdl be cut from Ray's-Town to Fort Cumberland,
where we fall into that made by General Braddock. A strong Fort is
building at Ray's-Town, and a large Magazine. At the Foot you have
the Number of Troops destined for this Expedition. I am told there are
about 200 Indians'* with Colonel Boquet, they are going and coming
every Day; they have been supplied with every Thing they asked. The
Parties that have been scouting near Fort Du Quesne say, the Indians
are ver}^ numerous there. We expect Orders to decamp every Aloment;
we wish their Arrival. Ray's-Town is 90 Miles from Fort Du Quesne.”
List of Troops employed in this Expedition.
350 Royal Americans, 4 Companies.
1200 Flighlanders, 13 ditto.
2600 Virginians,
2700 Pennsylvanians,
1000 Waggoners, Sutlers, and Followers of the Army.
7850 This is the Computation, &c.
800 deducted, Garrisoning the Forts.
{no signature]
* Original letter not found.
^ It may have been written by Capt. Ralph Harding who was at Fort Loudoun at the
time. His company marched, July 23, to join Bouquet's troops. See Armstrong to
Bouquet, July 25.
“ Raystown.
Capt. Thomas Jocelyn with his company of Royal .Americans, and Major Richard
Wells with a company of Pennsylvanians from the Lower Counties, worked on this
road.
^ Chiefly Cherokee and Catawba.
SINCLAIR: ORDERS FOR PROVISIONS*
[B. M., .Add. MSS. 21643, f. 153, .A. L. S.]
[Carlisle, July 17, 1758]
Dear Sir
It is the Generals Desire that you should Purchase Six or Seven Wag-
gon Loads of Bacon as it is not to be got here I begg you may Hurry up
the Cattle as soon as Possible and please to Cast your Eyes about you
lest more should be wanting that we may Know, where we may be
Supply'd
I send this by Express as the Bacon is much wanted I am afraid you
will not get the Quantity but please to get all you Can I have taken no
228
19 July 1758
Care about Fort Cumberland but leave it ail to you as I am Assured
you will not let them want I am
Sir
Sir
Your Hb'® Serv^
[no signature]
[both] These are Dated y® I7'^'*lns-
I am Directed by Sir John S- Claire to Acquaint you that he hopes a
Great Quantity of Forrage is bought up and sent to F- Cumberland
I am Sir
Your most Hum’® Servant
James Sinclair
A: D: Q: M: G:
youl not the Virginia Waggons be out of pay till you heare from the
Commanding Officer at Rays Town.
^ There is no indication as to whom these orders were issued, but they may
have been sent to Dr. Thomas Walker, commissary for the Virginia troops. See
Vernon to Washington, July 20.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[Camp near Raystown, July 19, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Washington in his to Bouquet of
the same date.
Bouquet apparently wrote his approval of Washington’s opinion that the army was
too far from enemy territory to risk an expedition at that time. He also granted Wash-
ington leave to attend the election at Winchester.
D!’ Sir
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 13, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun July y® 19-’* 1758
Your favour of the 13“' Instant’^ I rec'’ Yesterday, just as the Express
was going off, with the Gen’® Order- to all the Forts, to send down Re-
turns of their respective Stores. Capt'? Harding has this Day sent one
down from this Fort, by the return of the Express. Inclos’d I send you a
Coppy” of it.
229
19 July 1758
You will receive by the Return of some Waggons that arrived here
yesterday from Reas Town, Six Waggon load of Indian Corn, by the first
Opportunity, Shall send up more, according to y"' Order. There are 30
Waggons loaded with Flower going up at Same time from this Fort.
The Soldier of Cap^ Harding’s Comp^ is not here, he pass’d by this
Fort, & Shew’d a Sham pass, giving out that he was order’d to Carlisle,
to assist in the Store there.
Cap^ Harding has sent down an Advertisem“ to have him taken up,
if deserted, & Directions to AT Hoops if with him to apply to S'' John
S* Clair to send him up Prisoner, that he may be punish’d agreable to y""
Directions, for absenting himself without Leave.
I hope you have received my Accompts.^ I transcrib’d it, from my
Book, in general Articles immediately on receipt of your Letter, as there
was just then an Opportunity of Sending it up. but I was so hurried that
I cannot recolect by whom.
Capt" Harding will send a Return'^ to Gen^ Stanwix by the next
Opportunity.
I thank you for the Comfortable Postscript in your last, we shall not
want for empty Casks, by way of Camp-Stools. Excuse haste
D^ Cob I am always with great Respect & attachement
Y'' most humble & obedient Servant
L®- OURRY
Coll Bouquet
This Moment arrives Cap^ Jocelyn & his Company & all well. I cannot
have time to include the Return I mention’d on the other Side, but will
next opportunity.
The Waggon Master & Commissary together have made a mistake &
loaded thirty one Waggons with Flouer & only Five with Indian Corn
5 Barrels Flour in each Waggon & 50 Baggs of Indian Corn
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Lieut^ Ourry july 19'‘‘
^ Not found.
" Not found.
“ Not found.
* Not found.
° See Ourry ’s Account of Expenditures, enclosed with note to Bouquet, July 3.
° Not found.
230
19 July 1758
SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 35, A. L, S.]
Carlile the 19^'’ Juliy 1758.
Sir/
I take the Liberty to trouble you with this to acquaint you that we
have this clay sent off for Rays Town Eighteen Waggons, Seven of which
are loaded with Powder, Eight with Rum, two with Eighty Tents, & tent
Poles compleat to he sent for Colonel Washington & Colonel Byrds
Regim*® to Tort Cumberland, and three Chests of Light Arms for the
Indians which are expected with the Little Carpenter, and one for the
Baggage of the party that Escorts them. You wall receive in the Wag-
gons loaded with Rum four hundred & Sixty odd w'eight of Iron.
The hundred pack horses I mentioned in my last^ that were sent up
without Drivers to be distributed amongst the Troops as Bat horses, have
been detained at Shipensburg for want of a party to take Charge of
them, the party of Provincials destined for that purpose being marched.
I am with great Respect
Sir
ATur most Obed- & most humble Serv*
James Sinclair
A: D: Q^ M*- Gen’
I have sent by this Conveyance a Letter- to C'’ Washington which please
cause forward with the Tents.
CoP Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} AT Sinclair upon Stores
[Addressed} On his Alajesty’s Service To Colonel Bouquet Command-
ing the forces at Rays Town
^ Sinclair to Bouquet, July 16, which see.
“Sinclair to Washington, July 19, in L. C., Papers of George Washington, VIII,
A. L. S., also printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 364, and in James,
Writings of General John Forbes, 152.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 15, .A. L. S.]*
Sir.
Camp near E’ Cumberland — 19”“ July 1758.
Your obliging favour of this date’ I just now had the pleasure of re-
ceiving. You make me quite happy by your coinciding in opinion with
me, relative to the proposd Expedition.
231
20 July 1758
Capt" Dagworthy's Party- returnd hither Yesterday, in consequence
of Orders from Sir Jn” S^Clair forv\^arded by the Commanding Officer at
Fort Frederick. I have directed him to finish a Bridge at this place, which
I imagine he will effect by tomorrow Night, with his Tools I will next day
send out a Party on General Braddocks Road, which I shall be able to
reinforce when CoP Mercer Returns.^
I am excessively obligd in the very handsome and polite manner by
which you are pleasd to give me leave to attend the Election'^ at Win-
chester tho my being there on that occasion woud, at any other time, be
very agreable to me — yet, at this juncture, I can hardly perswade myself
to think of being absent from my more immediate Duttq even for a few
days — however, I will not come to any absolute determination in this
matter till I receive answers to some Letters on that Subject — /which I
expect this Night or tomorrow ' in the mean time I beg you will allow
me to subscribe myself with great truth and sincerity
Y'' most Obed-
& Obligd Servant
G" W.ASHINGTON
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Washington July
* Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, 'Writings of Washington, II, 241.
^ Not found.
^ Capt. Dagworthy was opening a road from fort Cumberland to Town Creek.
® Lieut. Col. George Mercer, with two companies from Byrd’s regiment and one from
Washington's, was cutting a road between Fort Cumberland and Raystown. See
Byrd’s letter to Bouquet, July 9.
'“Washington was a candidate from Frederick County, Va., for the House of Burgesses.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[Caffip at Raystown, July 20, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Washington in his to Bouquet,
July 21.
The letter evidently contained a request for W ashington to report on the forage at
Cumberland, and also to secure a supply of vermilion for Bouquet’s Indians.
It seems probable from Washington’s letter that Bouquet also passed along the news
of the British success at Louisburg.
232
20 July 1758
Sir
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 99, L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle 20^** July 1758.
In consiquence of the conference^ held with the Indians at Philadel-
phia, Messengers- have been sent to the Ohio with invitations, and offers
of peace, & accomodations for these Indians to come, and settle amongst
us, the effects of which Message, is by the Messengers Instructions, to be
sent by a proper person or persons immediatly to me, who has orders to
distinguish him [fr themselvjt or themselves, being the Messengers, & our
Friends; to tye their Matchcoats to the end of a Pole, or stick, and hold
it up waving it to and fro. You will therefore be so good as publish® this
signal to the Troops, that all Posts, out Parties, and sentries may be ad-
vertised of it, to Receive him or them as our friends
This must be publishd at Fort Cumberland & if you can to the parties
sent out upon the Ohio. And if Major Armstrong be gone out, pray let
the knowledge of this Signal be sent after him. I shall leave this upon
Saturday
I am S*’’
y"" Most ob*^ &c
Jo Forbes.
\_Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Gen^ Forbes 20*'* July
{Addressed] On his Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet Command-
ing at Reastown
To Be forwarded by Express
{In Ourry’s handwriting] The Express was dispatched from Fort Lou-
doun on Account of this Letter.
L. 0.
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 154.
t Stricken out.
^See Indian Conference, July 11-12.
"Christian Frederick Post, with Pisquitomen, Kikyuskung, and Isaac Stille, Indian
interpreter, made the journey. Cf. Col. Rees., VIII, 147-148. See Post’s letter to
Forbes, p. 371.
’‘See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, general orders for July 23.
4
233
20 July 1758
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 37, A. L. S.]
Carlisle July 20'*' 17a8
Dear Sir
I am directed by the General to acquaint you that he desires you wdl
send all the Guides /who are not on party/ who are acquainted with the
Mountains on this side of Rays Town, down to meet [the]t him. Those
who are at fort Cumberland are likewise to be sent down.
The Bills of Arms’- for the Virginians are sent from this to day to be
forwarded by you.
I am
S^
Yours
John si Clair
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John 20’** July
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To Cob Bouquet Commanding
at Rays Town
t Stricken out.
^ Bells of arms, i. e., shelters for firearms.
VERNON TO WASHINGTON
[B. M., .Mid. MSS. 21643, f. 136, L. S.l
Hon*?’® Sir
Winchester July y*? 201’* 1758
I send you the Copy of three Letters’ Directed to AT Walker- that you
may see the Necessety of sending down the Waggons againe for another
Load which I hope will be Ready for them before theay Return,
have sent you 130 Barrills of Indian Corn wh®’‘ I begg you’d Employ
some Cearefull hand to take Ceare of. have orderd two Waggon Load of
this and two more at South Branch to be ground into Vleale and have
orderd Beilor^ to give the Waggoners Each four Bushels for their Teames
you may allso order them wh3 you shall think proper to Last them down
the Horses must be well Kept or the Expedition is Ruined, if you are
forbid by the Commanding officer’ at Rays Town to send the Waggons
234
Reports on Roads
down here he Pleased to send me Immediate Notice that I may Ingage
a Sufficient Number the Next Command
I am Sir
Your most Obedien- hum’® Ser‘
Richard Vernon
N B-' have Since the above was M'rote Sent 185 Small Bags Corn
which is Aboute Seventy Two or three bushells. j
[R. V.]
[Adcfrcssed] To George Washington Esq'' Col. of The first Virg“
Regim*
'One (if the letters may have been Sinclair's Orders for provisions, July 17, which see.
The others were not found.
' Dr. Thomas Walker.
® Not identified. However, the name Christopher Beiler appeared on the list of voters
from Frederick County, Va., which was sent to Col. Washington on July 24, 1758.
■* Col. Bouquet.
" The note is in Vernon's handwriting.
BAKER: REPORT ON ROAD TO RAYSTOWN^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 18, D.]
[July, 1758]
July 8”' 1758 Set out from Camp near Reas Town about 6 O Clock in
the Afternoon with Cap’® Ward & Clayton Lieu-® Campbell, Baker, Hay,
& Craighead and One Hundred private. 2 Miles from Camp we Crossed
Juniatta where we came into Hogs Road" one Mile along the s'? Road
encamped at old Town.^
July 9”' cont'’ our March from old Town to the Shawnes Cabins our
Course W. N. W. observed the Gap of the Allegany Mountain bearing
from us about W. came to the s'’ Gap in the Evening Road up the Hill
very Steep &: Stony. I much doubt whether ever Loaded Waggons can
be got up this Mountain, encamped this Night on the Top of it.
July 10”' cont*’ our March from the Allegany ab? N. W. to Edmunds
Swamp Road from the Allegany to this place [tolerable good]t pretty
Levell but very Stony, still conf’ our Course crossed Stony Creek runing
nearly N. E. encamped near where an old Delewar Indian^ formerly lived,
for the Night.
July 11”' Conf? our March & Course ab’ W. till we came to the Laurell
Hill halted Capt. Ward and Clayton with two Subalterns and about one
t Stricken out.
Reports on Roads
235
half of the Men went up and viewed the Laurell Mountain, and found
it practicable to make a Road over the said Hill, we then marched back
about three Miles and turned of the path for the Turkey Foot a W. S. W.
course passed through very bad Thickets obliged to march a Mile & half
round a Beaver Dam came to fine Rich Land crossed Quimahony [the
Horses bearing N. W. ]t
July 12 marched this Moring at 6 0 Clock conH our Course, very heavy
Rain in the Afternoon our Guides in this hard rain went about 6 Miles
out of our way, crossed great Glades & Swamps & some Stony Ridges,
Sun appeared again conH our Course W. S. W.
July 13^*^ conC our March passed through very bad Laurell & some Stony
Runs several times were obliged to Halt Half an Hour to get over the
Horses & obliged to imploy 20 or 30 Men to cut through the Laurel
Thickets crossed a Large Branch^ of the Yawyawgany and forked in
sight, crossed very high Ridges fell on another large Creek of the
[C Creek]t River encamped on high Rmcks on side of the s'? Creek.
July 14th This Moring sent out three Men up the Creek & same Number
down returned at 10 made no discovery rain & dark weather conC our
March till we fell on an old Blazed path which bore pretty near our
Course this path comes from the Laurel Hill, cont? our March along the
said path over very Rich Ridges 7 Miles sent out Alen to View the Road
encamped for the Night.
July 15th conH our March at 6 0 Clock crossed several Rich Ridges and
a large Branch of Yawyawgany its course S. came upon the A'awyawgany
ab- 10 — Clock, we held a Council and it was agreed to go an E. Course for
Birds Road® which we imagin’d would bring us straight there, we then
return’d up the North Branch, and [ crossed ]t marched over exceeding
high Mountains, impossible that ever [Men g]t a Road can be made
here, Men can Scrasly cross them encamped on a Laurell Run for the
Night.
July the 16. cont® our March over some of these high Mountains till we
found it impracticable to get along we turned North till we fell on our
owm Tracks and followed them till we found we had [got]t passed the
Laurell and got clear of the Mountains encamped, and sent out some
Hunters, one Man that went out without leave, never returned to us.
July 17^^ Cont? our March an East Course for Bird’s Road w'ent through
very Miry Savannars, and bad Thickets.
July IS?*^ conH our March over much such Ground as Yesterday Cap*
Patterson” came up with us this day with his party and informed us we
were considerably to the Southward of Birds Road.
July 19-*^ cont'? our March still over great Aleadows till ab* the Middle of
the day, went up a Very Stony Ridge and discovered the Gap at Birds
t Stricken out.
236
Reports on Roads
Road about two or three Miles of. went up the Allegany for the Road
got to where the Tools were and encamp’d
July 20-^ Loaded our Horses with as many Tools as they could [coul]t
carry & Cont-^ our Adarch along Birds Road for the Camp at Ray Town
k arrived there about Sun Setting.
[Endorsed hi Bouquet’s handwriting] Lieut- Baker’s Report of the
Roads
^Compare with Ward’s Journal and Report on Road, also Clayton’s Report, which
follow.
‘Actually, Burd’s Road.
*An old Indian village on the Raystown Branch of the Juniata, about 2 miles west
of Wolfsburg.
* Kickenapauling’s Old Town, at the crossing of Quemahoning Creek, now submerged
by the waters of Quemahoning Reservoir, Somerset County. Named from Kicken-
apauling, a Delaware chief.
Probably Laurel Hill Creek and some c>f its branches.
* Burd’s Road.
’Capt. James Patterson.
CLAYTON: REPORT ON THE NEW ROADS^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 30, D.]
[July, 1758]
July 9 1758: Marched from old Town^ — Our Course to the Shawanese
Cabins W N W. Our Course to the Gap in the HilE W S W. half a
point to the South. Course of the Shawanese Creek® N N W. The
Course of the Creek which is the middle Branch of Homileys Creek^
half a point [West]t Southward of W. S. W. Our Course N W —
crossed the first Branch of Kiskemenethus — Course of this Branch
N N E. Course of Edmonds Swamp Creek® half a Point to the East-
ward of N N E. — Our Course to Stoney Creek N W. Second Crossing
of S‘* Branch N E. To KickneScopolins® half N W. Our Course of
Spanish Oak Ridge^ or Laurel Hill partly N — thence along the Ridge
our Course half a I^oint to the Westward of N. Our Course from
here to the three Eorks of Yoghiogani® nearly W S W. — passes thro’
very bad Tbicketts.
Crossed the main Branch of Quimahone N N. W. Marched this
Morning — Our Course W S W. Crossed several Branches of Quima-
hone Creek — Crossed the old Warriors Path; it’s Course W N W.
Continued our Course over high Ridges — fell in on a large Creek
Supposed to be the main Body of Yoghiogani Crossed a large
t Stricken out.
Reports on Roads
237
Branch of the main Body of Yoghiogani it's Course S — Our Course
W S W. The Middle Branch^ W N W.— South Branch E S E. Main
Branch half a point to the North of N N W. Ar
{En dorse d in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap^ Clayton’s Report about the
New Roads July the 21-^
^ Compare with Baker’s Report on Road, which precedes this, and Ward’s Journal and
Report which follow.
^The Allegheny Mountain, or Allegheny Hill, which is the name given to the principal
ridge of the Allegheny Mountains.
® Evidently the “Shawny Cabben Creek” of Ward’s Journal, now known as the
Shawnee Branch of the Juniata.
* Not identified.
® Now known as Miller Run.
® Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
’This name may have originated from the laurel or red oak, which is also called
Spanish oak.
® Turkeyfoot.
® Casselman River, known as the Middle Branch, while Laurel Hill Creek was known
as the North Branch.
WARD: JOURNAL OE DISTANCES^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 22, A. D. S.]
July 1758. [July, 1758]
A Journl of the Courses Distances” and Bearings of the Road.
March'? Late in the Evening to the head of the Old Town,® there En-
camp’d, Distance 2 miles 14 Placed out 4 Small Guards; Bearing of our
first Course from Camp, to where we first Cross’d the Creek N. From
thence Wf Course of the Creek Nigh W. March’d July th 9?** For
Shawny Cabbins, took our Departure from Col: Burds new Road'^ Dis-
tance 4 Miles our Course W N W. Halted at Shawny Cabben Creek at
10 °CP Course of the Waters N N W Dist. from Old town to Shawny
Cabbens 7 Miles March"? from thence Vi an hour past 11 ”C'' Course of
Road to the foot of the hill W* Southerly. Dist. from Shawny Cabbins
to the foot of the hill 5 m- Halted at the foot of the hill Vi an hour after
1 °C'' the Course of the head Branch of Holms’s Creek® W S W. the
Course of the Road up the hill W? March from the foot of the Hill at 2
‘’CE could perceive but 1 Difficult place in Assend® the hill to the Top
and that can he Wound round, from the Foot of the hill to the Top Dist?
2 Vi miles incamp? at a rivulet® at the top of the hill at Vi an hour after
4 P: M: did not think prudent to press my Men the First day. Course
of the Rivulet W S W: Course of the Road — N: W:
— ^July the 10?^ —
Advanc’d this morning at 6 "C: and Cross’d the [First]! head Branch of
t Stricken out.
238
Reports on Roads
Kiskeniimtis 6 miles Dist: from our Encampm* Course of the Branch
N N E. halted at Edmond’s swamp at 10 “CE course of a Little run at
Edm''® Swamp; N N E: from the head branch'^ of Kiskeminitis to Edm'*®
Swamp Dist — 2 Miles Yz. 4 Miles of my Road to Day Thicketty, from
the top of the hill to Edm'^® Swamp Stony but all loose Stones. A [Erne]
Encampm- at Edm'^'® Swamp a Small, a Rivulet, and good food for
horse, and Clear Woods, March’d from EdnE'’ Swamp at 1 °C1: Course
Road to Stony Creek N W. Course of the Branch S: Dist; 4 M-
2'* Cross" s'^’ Branch N E Dist: Vz a mile from the 1®*^ Cross^ to the 2‘^
Dist: from the 2'’ Cross^' to the main body of Stony Creek Vi a mile.
Course of the Creek N E 14 E Course to our Encampm* near Kikeny
Paulins N W 14 W. Dist 6 14 miles. Encamp’d at 7 ”C: P M.
July 11
March’d at 6 "C: from Encampm*^ for Larrell hill Cross’d the Creek^
at Kikheny Paulins Dist: from our Encampm- 14 a mile, halted 5 Miles
Dist- from Crossing of the Creek — a good Road, plenty of food for
Horses the Country Extreamly well Water’d the Bearing of the Creek
where I cross’d it W N W. at 10 °C1: halted at the Run® at the foot of
the Laurel hill. Distance from where we made the last halt 214 miles,
Course to the run W: here I left Hays^® L* Baker^^ w*® 14 the men
and the pack horses I Alarch Up the hill with Cap* Clayton,*- L* Cam-
meP^ and L* Craighead,** Our Course up the ridge to the top partly N:
thence along the ridge Our Course 14 p* to the Eastw® of N from the
foot of the hill from Laurel Run to where we halted 3 miles Dist: very
Stony for a mile before We arrivd at the foot of the hill. Stony up the
hill and on the hill Chiefly Stony But all loose Stones and good Earth.
[Where] I halted on the hill was partly the Decent, to Louel hannon,
thought it was needless to proceed further as I was acquainted with the
Road. [Very]t Assending the hill Easy returnd to my Party, Alarch
back on the trading path, from the foot of the hill 114 mile Erom
thence took my Dep* for the 3 forks*® of Yohohongaly Concluded on
Our Course for the 3 forks Nearly W S W Past thro Bad thickets and
Swamp obliged to march 214 miles round the Beaver Dams, halted at
7 °C1: Even^ from where we took our Departure from the Roads 4 Allies
Dist.
Cross’d this day Eveng: the Main Branch*® of Quemehony Creek its
Bearing N N \W
July the 12***
Alarch® this morning at 6 °C. our Course W. S. W. at 2“C1: heavy rain
& Cont® till after 4: dark Cloudy wether in w?** time Varied from Our
Course, Cross'* Vast Gladed Meadows Swamp and Stony Ridges. Sun
appear’d late in the Even? Encamp'? 14 an hour after 7. Dis? from our
I Stricken out.
Reports on Roads
239
Encampm- 12 Orderd Out a few men with the Guides who return’d
after Dark, who had found a Warriors path within Vi mile of our
Encampm^ Cross’d Sev^ Small Branches^" of Quemehony creek.
July 13^'*
March’d this Morning by 7 °C1; & i/2 a mile Dist; from Our Encampm*
Cross’d the Warriors path — it’s Course Bearing W N W Discov’d where
there had been a large Encamp* of Indians Up S'? Warr" path up Allegany
[hi]t hill 3 Q''® of a Mile, at 10 “Cl; Cross’d a midling large Branch of
the East Branch of [Yohohgalyjt Youghagany Dist: from our Encampm?
7 Miles, Cross’d and other w*““ a Quarter of a mile of s'? Branch they
fork’t in Sight, Our Course West South West, the Bearing of these
Branches from our Course S. Cross’d Severl Laurelly thicket & Swamp,
and likewise Very rocky. Oblig’d us to halt Vz an hour In places, to get
our horses thro’, and Our men being Imployd to cut to get tbro the
Laurels — halted at 12 '^Cl; March'd at Vz an hour after 2 "Cl: Continued
our Course over high ridges fell m, on a Large Creek, Suppos’d by Some
of the men who were with me who had been at the three forks to be the
main body of Yougbyaugany; at 7 "C: Encamp'* On a high rnck On Side
S'? Creek dist. from where I was halted Seven miles.
July 14“^
This Morning Sent out 3 men up Creek & the Same Number down,
return’d at 12 but made no Discovery of tbe 3 forks, rain and Dark
Cloudy weather. Continued our Course till we came to an Old Blaiz’d
Road, found it to be partly our Course S'* Road Dist: from Our
Encampm? 4 miles Continued our Course past a Large Ind“ Encampm?
Suppos’d to be made this Spring; Encamp’d 114 mile W S W of S'? Indian
Encampm* Dist. from where we Came on the Old Road 7 Miles Took
up an Indian Creature 1 14 mile this Side of Our Encampm* Sent out
Spies to View the Road as usual.
July IS***
March’d this Morn’ at 6 '’C** Cross’d Several Ritch ridges, and Cross’d a
Large Branch of the main body of Yaughyagany its Course South, S'?
Branch the N?** Branch of the three forks. Our Course W: S: W: [Dist.
from where ]t arrivd at the Alouth of S'? Branch at 8 "Cl; w*?** is where
the E & South Branch, and the afors'? Branch makes the 3 Forks Dist
from Our Encampm* 5 Miles Here I took a View of the three Branches
y® Midle Branch its Course W N W: which is the East Branch. The
South Branch, E. S. E. The Mam Body it’s Course is half to the Northw'*
of N N W. Agreed no Centrial Road between Quemehony and the three
forks. Agreed a Road from three forks to the Meadows or General
t Stricken out.
240
Reports on Roads
Bradclocks Road, agreed that an East Course for Col: Burds Road was
best. [Cross’d It return’d to the North Branch and halted half a Mile up
S'' Branch at ten oC"^ March at 3 "C' an E* Course. Cross’d the East
branch 1^4 mile from where I halt at the North Branch, march’d over
Impassable hills for Carriages, Incamp’d on Laurel run^® 4 Miles Dist:
from the 3 forks, [July 16]t
March*' this Morning at 5 '’Clock March'' over high Impassable hills for
Carriages. Our Course East and Obliged to Cut our Passages thro Laurel
Runs Laurel thickets and after many Attempts obliged to return to nigh
where We took our Course this Morning from — Dist 2 Miles Cross’d the
East*' Branch at 10 "C: Course of S'' Branch N: halted on the East Side
of S'' Branch & here oblig’d to leave one of Our horse not being able to
trav' any further. March'' after 11 "C: an East Course Came on the Bank
of S*' River in 2 mile traveling, rain & Cloudy weather Obliged to Bear
North & Some time west finding it impossible to make Col. Burds Road
thro: those Mountains by an E^ Course Agreed by a Gen' Voice to make
for the Road that I came from Quemehony to three forks. Our Course E-
at times but Chiefly North. March'' till we came to a Large Savannah,
w*'' we Suppos'' to be nigh our Road, Sent out men who returnd in Sight
& mformd they found my road; Encamp’d here Several hours to day the
Sun nev*' appeard, Suppos’d to have traveld 10 Miles this day Judge to
be 14 miles on this Side the 3 forks Elere I gave Liberty to 2 Virg"® & 2
of y^ 1®' Batt' P. R who were good Woodsmen to hunt. One Myres'"
went out from here to hunt without Liberty, & not return’d this night
w''’ made us Vastly uneasy.
July 17—
Waited for Myres return till 8 "Clock held a Council W: at 8 "C: Con-
cluded to wait for his return till 10: and fire 2 Gunns every Q*" of an
hour, (he not being returnd ) We Alarch’t at 10 Our Course East March’d
Over Large ridges. Cross’d our own Tracks twice Cross’d a [Vast]t
large Branch of Yatiyauhongany at 2 of the Clock our Course E*^ Bearing
Ceek S S W Dist. from Our Encamp' to S‘' Creek 7 miles. March thro’
poor piny land & Ivy thickets; Encamp'' at 7 this Eveng Dist from last
Creek 6 miles.
July 18
March at 7 this morn" dark Cloudy wether till 10, at 11 "Clk Cap' Patter-
son”" came up w"’ my rear I halted till he came to the Eront, he In-
foruid me he left Camp w"’ 13 Vlen to proceed to Eor[t] Du Quesne That
he Cross’d the Laurel hill Opposite to Col: Burds Road, and that he
Laid und'' Such Difficulties Oblig’d him to return That he Came on my
Tracks where I left the horse on the East Branch of Yauhong^ Brought
Horse w"' him, halted at 2 "C'' Sent out hunters, rainy Dark Coudy
+ Stricken out.
Reports on Roads
241
Weather, one of Our hunters puzled a little in the woods oblig’d us to wait
2 hours for him Encamp'd, at 7 °C: PM: Dist: from Our Encampm^ 9
miles Marchd this morn? till 11 ‘’C: an E* Course from 11 till 7 P: M:
Et Ntly
19th
March at 7 ^C: this Alorhg Our Course E^ N*'-’’ for 2 h’’® past Large
Savan^® here I gave Liberty to 4 Soldiers to hunt Waited here 14 an
hour for y™ here One of the Guides, and Kissity [an]t Went of the Road,
and I had no Acc- of them till I arriv‘d at the foot of the hill where I
halted for the hunters to come up. 2 Came up here, but no ac^ of Kissity
or the Guide. Here I kept [a Little ]t Southerly of East, and March"? to
the top of the hill w'here I got up a tree and took a View of the Country.
Seen a Gap and judged to be the Gap, where Col: Burds Road Came thro
the hill. March"’ for S"* Gap, but fell 3 Miles to the N*’‘w"’ Said Road.
Eell on a Warriors Road w"^'^ I knew Immediate took my Course and fell
in where Col: Burd Ord"? the tools to be hid"- Encamp"? at S"? Spring,
the Guide Came up who was w’’" the Ind" & informd me he fell on Cap’
Patterson road Expected my Comming that Wa}^ w"’' Detain’d him Cap’
Patterson March’d for Camp the Indians I Suppos'd to have gone with
him. March this day 12 Miles Our Course South.
July 20”“ 1758
Cap? Cayton-^ Employd the men in Gathering the tools, and loading the
Horses with them; the Bearing the Road, Lip the first Pinch (or rise) of
the Allegany hill South [erlyjt, at 10 "’C'? We March’d for Camp from the
65 mile tree, Over took Cap’ Patterson in 8 Miles Alarch, halted 14 an
hour to Let our Horses feed Then March"? for Camp. Halted at
[Kytons-^] House w??^ is at the 47 Mile tree, to Bate-" our Horses,
March’d and Arriv’d at Camp Late this Evening, the Course of Col:
Burds Road from Y® Allegany hill to Camp is E’ Notherly.
IW Edw"? Ward
[Ejidorsed] Journal of Cap’ Yard Sent to reconoitre the Yioghiogheny
t Stric'icen out.
Compare this Jcurnal with Ward's Report on Road, which follows, also with Ex-
tract from Journal, made by Capt. Harry Gordon, and enclosed in Bouquet’s letter
to Forbes, July 21.
“The distances in the following reports correspond, in general, to those taken in 1754
by John Harris, printed in Pa. Arch., Series 1, II, 135-156, and also with those
given by Patten in 1754, printed in Col. Rees.. 750-751.
^ See Baker's Report on Road to Raystow’n, p. 234.
■" Burd's Road branched off to the south, about 4‘; miles west of Raystown, at the
present site of Stookey's Hotel, the “Old Forks Inn,” in Bedford County, Penna.
“ Shawnee Creek, or Run.
"" Breastwork Run, the later site of Fort Dewart.
~ Probably Coal Run, a branch of Shade Creek.
242
Reports on Roads
® Quemahoning Creek.
“ Probably Pickings Run, a branch of Beaverdam Creek.
“Lieut. James Hay, commissioned, January 2, 1758, in the second battalion of the Penn-
sylvania Regiment. See his Report on Gap at Allegheny Hill, p. 454.
” Probably Lieut. James Baker of Washington's Regiment. See his Report on Road,
p. 234.
'■ Capt. Asher Clayton.
“Lieut. Campbell, not identified.
“ Lieut. George Craighead, of the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“The junction of the Youghiogheny, Casselman River, and Laurel Hill Creek, at the
present site of Confluence in Somerset County, Penna.
See Clayton’s Report on Roads, which precedes this.
” Not identified.
“ Presumably Laurel Hill Creek.
“ Not identified.
“Capt. James Patterson, commissioned, December 16, 1757, in the first battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment. See his Journal on Road from Ravstown to Duquesne,
p. 327.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, August 2, footnote 16.
“On the west side of Allegheny Mountain, near Burd’s Road. See Ward’s Report on
Road, which follows.
“ Capt. Asher Clayton.
^ Not identified.
“ Bait, to give food and drink to an animal, especially on the road.
WARD: REPORT ON ROAD’
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t Stricken out.
246
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248
21 July 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 101, A. L. S.]
Camp near Reas Town 2U*^ July 1758
Monsieur
J’ay receu le 19'^ au Soir vos deux Lettres^ du 14'^ et 17*^ Cour*^ par le
Major Armstrong.
J'ay attendu le retour du Cap'" Ward pour y repondre, II arriva hier
Soir, et Son Journal- etant Si brouille et Confus que je n’y puis rien
comprendre. Le Cap"® Gordon^ en fait tin Extrait que je joindray igy:
Ils Sont convaincLis que Ton pent faire un Chemin pour Chariots au
travers de Lawrell Hill, moms mauvais que celui de Fort Littleton igy,
et qu’il y a de I’Eati, et de I'herbe Sur toute la Route, mais peu de fourage
entre les deux Montagues:
La montee d'Allegheny est la plus mauvaise, L’Intervalle jusque a
Lawrell Hill passable, & cette derniere montagne dont on avoit fait un
Monstre est tres facile a passer: Tons les Guides, et les officiers qui ont
ete Sur I’Ohio, conviennent que depuis Lawrell Hill, en avant, il n’y a
plus de difficultes; C’est tine Continuation de Collines faciles a passer.
La continuation de chemm coupe par le Col. Burd pour joindre la
Route de Braddock, lent a parti impraticable a moins de Suivre le long
de Lawrell Hill ce qui allongeroit plus le Chemin que de passer par
Cumberland: Le reste du Terrein est impassable par les marais &'■
Les Chevaux de Bat arnvent dans ce moment. II faut leur donner un
Jour de Repos, et apres demam le Major Armstrong partira avec un
Party de 100 Volontaires pour marquer la Chemin, et m’envoyera chaque
Jour, (on deux Jours) un homme pour m’lnformer de Ses Progres, et
observations.
II n'y a point d’endroit propre a faire un depot jusqu’au Pied de I’autre
cote de Lawrell Hill [apres I’avoir traverse, ]t ce qui peut faire environ
45 miles d'lgy, ou Ton trouve Suffisante quantite d’Eau, et de fourage
mais comme il y auroit trop de risque a laisser Son Party de I'autre cote
de Lawrell Hill, Je lui donneray ordre de reconoitre et marquer I’emplace-
ment de ce depot, et revenir ensuite a Edmund’s Swamp, ou je lui
envoyeray dabord un Renfort avec des Vivres pour y construire un
Camp retranche qui Servira de depot volant; et Si le Raport qu’il fera
de Sa Route est favorable; J’envoyeray 600 homes (en tout) prendre
Poste a Loyal Hanny,^ que je Suppose I’Endroit propre pour le grand
depot: d’ou il Sera plus aise que depuls igy, de pousser des Partys en
avant.
General Forbes
t Stricken out.
249
21 July 1758
J’espere que vous Seres igy avant que le gros detachement rnarche, et
en ce cas j’iray rnoi meme Si vous I’aprouves. Je Souhaitte que les
nouvelles Levees puissent joindre avant ce terns la, afin de pouvoir former
les trois Batt'^ de Pensdvanie Et etablir I’ordre parmi Eux.
J’auray igy les deux Comp*^® d’ouvriers de Virgmie pour employer a
couper le Chemin des que vous aures determine votre Route. J’attendray
votre arrivee avant de commencer, parce que les Chevaux de Bat passent
librement, et Suffiront a porter les Vivres. Le Party de Virgime par
raport a votre Route continue dans toute Sa force, et quoi que le motif
Secret qui les anime me paroisse Suspect de partialite, II me Semble
cependant que c’est une Raison de plus d’agir dans une affaire de cette
Consequence avec une double Circonspection, pour pouvoir repondre
solidement a leurs Clameurs, S’il arrivoit quelque accident, qu’ils ne
manqueroient pas d'attribuer au Choix d'une nouvelle Route.
Le Cap"® Patterson"' qui etoit rnarche deux Jours apres Cap"® Ward
avec un Party de 13 homes pour reconnoitre le Eort, est revenu avec Eux
Sans rien faire. II a essaye de passer les deux Montagues dans une hgne
directe au Fort, mais il a trouve Lawrell Hill Impassable, et les differens
Raports conviennent asses qu'il n’y a d’autre Passage a trouver que
rindian Path,'' reconnu par Cap"® Ward.
Le Guide Dunning" parle d’un Gap qu’il dit avoir passe il y a 16 ans,
mais personne ne connoit ce Gap, qu’il pretend avoir trouve in Hunting
Horses. Il rnarche avec le Major et deux ou trois autres guides:
Un des Partys de Cherokee revint hier avec un Scalp, et un fusil
francois. Je joins icy leur Raport,® confirme par celuy d'un Autre
Cherokee d'un different Party.
Il paroit que les Ennemis n'ont au West n’y armee, ni Indiens, puis
qu’ils n'ont aperceu aucune apparence de Camp autour du Fort, et quoi
que Ton aye apperceu tres Souvent des traces de petits Partis sur ces
Frontieres, et le long de la Communication, nous serions tout autrement
harrasses S’ils avoient un gros Corps d’Indiens.
Les Renforts Sont a craindre, sur tout depuis la tentative du Gen’
Abercrombie, puis qu’ils peuvent Se croire asses forts pour I’arreter.
Il y a encore un petit Party d’Indiens en Campagne, mais je n’attens
d’Eux aucun Prisonier, nous Somes encore trop eloignes et ils n’aiment
pas S’exposer au danger de les amener.
Dix Indians du Col. Byrd arnverent hier Soir, pour demander plusieurs
Choses dont ils ont besoin, Ils paroissent un peu Enfants gates: Les
notres Se conduisent extremem* biens et depuis long terns ne nous donnent
aucun Embarras.
250 21 July 1758
Nous avons fair une Recrue de 16 qui resteront avec nous pour
I’Expedition.
AR Glen est igy en bonne Sante, fort impatient de vous voir; II a la
bonte de me debarasser du Som de nos nouveaux freres.
Je repondrai a present brievem* aux articles de vos Lettres. Les
Chariots Seront examines, Les mauvais renvoyes avec des Certificats.
II n'y a en encore a Fort Cumberland que 180 Bushells de grain presque
consume par la Comp^ de Stuart.®
Nos Paturages Sont bien diminues, mais ils Suffiront pour quelque
terns; Je menage le peu d’avoine que j’ay receu comme de Tor: et rien
ne Sort des Magazins, Sans mon ordre par Ecrit. L’ordre^® du General
Abercrombie me jette dans le plus grand Embarras. Ce gens cy ont ete
accoutumes a de grosses Rations en Virginie et Pensilvanie; Ils se
plaignent contmuellement qui la Ration ne leur. Suffit pas; Ils travaillent
Sans relache, et Sans Paye; Et ordonner dans ces Circonstances une
diminution de Vivres, c’est risquer un mecontentement general: Je n’ose
donner cet ordre jusqu’a votre arrivee, et Si vous me permettes des vous
dire mon Sentiment la dessus, je crois qu’il ne devroit etre donne qu’en
partant d’lgy, Sous le raisonable pretexte de I’Impossibilite d’en trans-
porter d’avantage au travers des Montagnes.
Dans I'etat des Provisions Supposes igy on a compris ce qui est a
Littleton, et Ton n'a pas deduit notre Consomption depuis le commence-
ment.
Le Calcul des Chariots charges, a raison de 40 m. pour aller et 40
miles pour le retour, en 5 Jours (Sans deduction d’un Jour perdu a
charger et decharger) ce qui fait 16 miles par Jour est une Chimere de
AR Hoops, Semblable a Son CalcuP’^ depuis Carlisle iyy, qu’il Supposoit
raisonable en donnant 5 Jours pour venir et 3 pour retourner, et ils en
employent au moins 15. Malgre tons nos depots je ne congois pas que
nous puissions transporter les vivres et Bagages a moins d’avoir 1000
Chevaux de Bat. et 100 bons Chariots, exclusif du train de I’artillerie et
de ceux qui transporteront continuellem- de Carlisle igy. Si on ne pent
trouver asses de Chevaux en Pensylvanie, vous en pourres acheter 200
dans 8 Jours, Sur les frontieres de Virginie.
Les draughts du p^ Batt" de Pensilvanie Sont prets. Burd a deja au
dela de Son Contingent detache; ce qu’il a igy, Sont nos meilleurs homes.
Les Indiens Kettles que je donnay a Carlisle a ces deux Batt”® et dont
je vous rendis Comptes, n’ont jamais ete remplacees, et les Indiens en ont
besoin de quelques tines.
Je n’ay encore receu ni Rentes ni Alanteaux d’armes, je les envoyera
a Cumberland Suivant la distribution que je Suppose que Ton y joindra.
251
21 July 1758
J’auray Soin que nos Partis contlnuents de porter la Couleur convenue,
mais je prevois comme vous beaucoup d’Inconveniens par raport aux
Delawars qui peuvent revenir de I’Ohio; Je ne vous dis rien Sur ce Traite,
et les affaires des Indiens, jusqu'a ce que j'aye I’honneur de vous voir.
La Communication avec Cumberland est coupee, et c’est un Excellent
Cbemin: Je feray envoyer un Detachement de Cumberland a moitie
Chemin^“ pour Escortes
II y avoir une petite Elutte batie pour vous, Je Suis fache que nous
n’ayons pas eu le terns de vous arranger mieux.
Quel qu’ait ete I’Evenem^ de I’affaire de Tionderoga. La Levie de la
milice, et I’Embargo, paroissent une mesure un peu precipitee; Je vous
Suis tres oblige de m’avoir envoye les nouvelles du Terns: Vous aves
des Sujets de mecontentements qui me font beaucoup de Peine. Je Sou-
haitte que vous puissies nous joindre bientot, pour mettre cbaque
[Chose] a la Place.
Je Suis avec un Entier devouement
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres Obeiss- serviteur
Henry Bouquet
L’hopital general n’a encore eu aucuns medicaments II faudra des Tentes
pour les Guides, Ouvriers
[indorsed] Letter CoE Bouquet Raystown 2L‘ July 1758 G Forbes
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Raystown, July 21, 1758.
Sir:
The evening of the 19th, I received your two letters^ of the 14th and
17th instant, through Major Armstrong.
I waited for Captain Ward’s return before replying. Lie arrived yes-
terday evening, and as his journal- is so jumbled and confused that I
can understand nothing in it. Captain Gordon® is making an extract
from it which I shall enclose. They are convinced that a wagon road can
be made across Laurel Hill, and that there is water and grass all along
the route, but little forage between the two mountains.
The ascent of the Allegheny is the worst; the stretch as far as Laurel
Hill passable; and this latter mountain, which has been made a monster,
is very easy to cross. All the guides, and the officers who have been on
the Ohio, agree that from Laurel Hill on there are no more difficulties.
It is a succession of hills easy to cross.
252
21 July 1758
The continuation of the road cut Colonel Burd to join the Braddock
route, appeared impracticable to them without following the length of
Laurel Hill, which makes the road longer than going by way of Cumber-
land. The rest of the ground is impassable because of the swamps, etc.
The pack horses are just arriving. They must be given a day’s rest,
and the day after tomorrow Major Armstrong will depart with a party
of a hundred volunteers to mark the road, and will send me every day
( or two days ) a man to inform me of his progress and observations.
There is no place suitable for establishing a depot until the foot of
the other side of Laurel Hill, which might be about 45 miles from here,
where there would be a sufficient quantity of water and forage; but as
there would be too much risk m leaving his party on the other side of
Laurel Hill, I shall give him orders to reconnoiter and mark the site for
this depot, and then to return to Edmund’s Swamp, where I will first
send him a reinforcement with provisions m order to construct there
an entrenched camp which will serve as a temporary depot; and if the
report that he makes on his route is favorable, I shall send him 600 men
m all to establish a post at Loyal Hanny,'* which I suppose is the proper
place for the large depot, fro.m which it will be easier to push parties
ahead, than from here.
I hope that you will be here before the large detachment marches, and
in that case I shall go myself, if you approve. I trust that the new levies
can join us before that time, so that it will be possible to form the three
Pennsylvania battalions and to establish order among them.
I shall have here the two Virginia workers' companies to use in cutting
tlie road as soon as you have determined your route. I shall await 3mur
arrival before starting, for the pack horses come easily and will suffice
to carry the provisions. The Virginia party in regard to your route is
continuing m full force, and although the secret motive animating them
appears to smack of partiality, it seems to me,, however, that this is an
additional reason for acting with double caution in a matter of this
consequence, in order that we may answer their outcries convincingly
m case of an accident, which the\' would not fail to attribute to the choice
of a new route.
Captain Patterson,® who had set out two days after Captain Ward
with a partv of 13 men to reconnoiter the fort, returned with them, with-
out accomplishing anything. He tried to cross the two mountains in a
direct line with the fort, but he found Laurel Hill impassable; and the
different reports agree well enough that there is no other path to be found
than the Indian path,*^ reconnoitered by Captain Ward.
The guide Dunning'^ speaks of a gap which he says he went through
sixteen years ago, but no one else knows of this gap, which he claims
21 July 1758 253
to have found in hunting horses. He is going with the Major and two
or three other guides.
One of the Cherokee parties returned yesterday with a scalp and a
French gun. I am enclosing their report,^ confirmed by that of another
Cherokee of a different party.
It appears that the enemy has neither an army nor Indians to the
w^est, since they saw no sign of a camp around the fort, and although
they have very often seen traces of small parties on these frontiers and
along the communication, w-e should have been harassed quite differently
if they had a large body of Indians.
Reinforcements are to be feared, especially since the attempt of General
Abercrombie, as they may think themselves strong enough to stop him.
There is another small party of Indians in the field, but I do not expect
any prisoners from them. We are still too far away, and they do not
like to expose themselves to danger by bringing them in.
Ten of Colonel Byrd's Indians arrived last evening, to ask for several
things which they need. They seem a little like spoiled children. Ours
behave themselves very well, and haven't given us any trouble for a
long time.
We h ave recruited sixteen men who will remain with us for the
expedition.
Mr. Glen is here in good health, and very impatient to see you. He
is kind enough to relieve me of the care of our new brothers.
I shall now reply briefly to the subjects of your letters. The w’agons
will be examined, and the bad ones sent back with certificates.
There remains at Fort Cumberland only 180 bushels of grain, almost
eaten up by Stuart's® company.
Our pastures are greatly diminished, but they will be enough for some
time. I shall treasure the small amount of oats I received, as if they
were gold; and nothing is taken from the stores without my order in
writing. General Abercromby's order^® causes me the greatest embarass-
ment. These men have been accustomed to generous rations in Virginia
and Pennsylvania. They complain continually that the ration is not
enough for them. They work without slacking and without pay; and
under these circumstances to order a reduction in provisions is to risk
general discontent. I dare not issue such an order before your arrival,
and if you will permit me to tell you my opinion on this subject, I tbink
it should be issued only when leaving here, under the reasonable pretext
that it w'ould be impossible to transport more across the mountains.
In the list of provisions supposed to be here, wdiat is at Littleton has
been included, and w'hat we have used since the beginning w-as not
deducted.
254
21 July 1758
The estimate of loaded wagons, at the rate of 40 miles to go and 40
mdes to return, m five days, (without deducting a day lost in loading
and unloading), which makes 16 miles a day, is another one of Mr. Hoops’
dreams, like his estimate^^ from Carlisle here, which he considered
reasonable when he allowed five days to come and three to return, and
they required at least fifteen. In spite of all our depots I do not conceive
how we could transport the provisions and baggage without having 1000
pack horses and 100 good wagons, exclusive of the artillery train and
those who will continue to transport from Carlisle here. If enough horses
cannot be found in Pennsylvania, you might buy 200 in a week on the
frontiers of Virginia.
The drafts for the first Pennsylvania battalion are ready. Burd has
already gone beyond his separate quota; what he has here, are our best
men.
The Indian kettles I gave to these two battalions at Carlisle, about
which I gave you an account, have never been replaced, and the Indians
need some.
I have as yet received neither tents nor military cloaks. I shall send
them to Cumberland according to distribution which I suppose will be
attached.
I shall take care that our parties continue to carry the color agreed
upon, but I foresee — as you do — many disadvantages with regard to
the Delawares who may return from the Ohio. I am saying nothing to
you on this point and Indian affairs until I have the honor of seeing you.
The communication with Cumberland has been cut, and it is an ex-
cellent road. I shall have a detachment sent from Cumberland halfway^^
along the road for escorts, etc.
A small hut was built there fore you. I am sorry that we did not have
time to arrange better accommodations for you.
Whatever the result of the affair at Ticonderoga, the levy of the militia
and the embargo seem a somewhat hasty measure. I am greatly obliged
to you for sending me the news of the day. You have reasons for dis-
satisfaction which give me great anxiety. I trust that you may be able
to join us soon, to put everything in order.
I am with complete devotion.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
The general hospital has not yet had any medicines. Tents will be needed
for the guides, workmen, etc.
21 July 1758
255
[ENCLOSURE]
JournalP^ of Captain Ward sent to Reconnoitre the Alleghany and Laurell
Hills the Sf*' July 1758 from
Reas Town
Distances f'?^
Reas Towne
The 8^’’ Day at Old Town^^
" IVz M*
The 9^*^ To the Shawanese Cabins^®
" 7
To the Eoot of the Alleghany hills
" 5
To the Top of d*?
" 2 ‘A
The 10“ To the l-*^ Crossing of Kiscamunitus
" 6
To Edmund’s Swamp^®
" lYz
To Stonv Creek’^^
" 5
To Kicknepauhns^®
" evz
To the Foot of Launll Hdl
" 8
1 he Asscent and Ridge of the Hill ^
to the Beginning of the Descent f
a —
Total
47/2
Remarks upon the Road
From Reas Town to the Foot of the Alleghany Hill — plenty of Food
Good Road and well watered
The Asscent of the Hill very steep in one Place but can be Wynded as
the Stones are loose and Earth under them
There is Water on the Top of the Hill — — -
Four miles of the Road to Edmund’s Swamp Thickety & Stony
but all loose Stones
At Edmund’s Swamp good Water, plenty of Eood & clear Woods
To the Eoot of Laurill Hill Good Road plenty of Eood for Horses and
the Country well Water’d
From the Foot of the Hill [to the End]t very Stony to the End of the
Ridge but all loose Stones — I Went no farther knowing the rest to
be Good
t Stricken out.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, July 14 and 17.
^ See Ward’s Journal, p. 237.
“ Capt. Harry Gordon. See Extract of Journal, enclosed.
‘ Loyalhanna, later Fort Ligonier.
"'Probably Capt. James Patterson, commissioned, December 16, 1757, in the first bat-
talion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
256
21 July 1758
'The Raystown branch of the Allegheny Path.
’ Probably James Dunning, Indian trader.
' Not found.
*Capt. Robert Stewart, commissioned in the Virginia Regiment, August 18, 1755, and
given command of a troop of Light Horse, c. June, 1758.
See Forbes’ letter to Bouquet, Julj' 14.
“ Not found.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, July 14.
“B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 16.
See Baker’s Report on Roads, p. 234.
“Shawnee Cabins, a former Indian village, on the north side of the Shawnee Branch
of the Juniata, one-half mile south of present Schellsburg, Bedford County, Penna.
“ Edmund’s Swamp, two and a half miles north-northeast of Buckstown, in Shade
township, Somerset County, Penna.
” Stony Creek, a southern branch of the Conemaugh River, which has its source in
Somerset County.
“The site of Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
“This seems incorrect but is the same as in the original. However, some of the
figures in Ward’s Journal, from which this extract was made, differ slightly, and the
total mileage to the top of Laurel Hill is given as 46 '/2 miles.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 15, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun July y® 2U* 1758
Dear Sir,
Yesterday Afternoon Major Waddle^ of the North Carolina Regl
arrived here with his Company, & Maj' Wells^ of the Pensilvanians with
part of tw'o Companies; they are encamp’d where the Virginians were.
About the Same time came down about 30 return’d Waggons from
Reas Town; Ten of which I propos’d to Maj' Waddle to Stop here &
load back, as, by the Report of the Waggon Master, they were able to
go that Trip, ’tho’, they could hardly be fit to go to Carlisle & back. The
rest, except two quite disabled, being Still better than the above Ten,
both with respect to Horses & Carriages, were sent down.
One Hundred Pack-Horses arrived at the Same time, the Horse Master
says he was to take his Load here, so I put his Horses to Pasture, &
propose loading them tomorrow to go up with the Waggons, in one of
which I shall put some Indian Corn.
When I received the Order® to send you all the Hatchets here, I could
find but 10 fit for Service, & about as many unfit, in the Store where
the Tools were lodged, ’tho’ by M? Basset’s List^ there should have been
70. Upon which, as soon as I could find time I search’d all over the Fort,
21 July 1758
257
& I found (in the Commissary’s Provision Store) 2 Boxes one of which,
being broke, I saw contain’d 26 Axes &, I suppose the other as many. I
have had them hooped round, & will put them in the Waggon with the
Indian Corn, that goes up tomorrow.
I have also found a Cask of Nails, which shall leave here ’till further
Orders.
I understand by Maj'’ Shippen^ /who arrived here this afternoon/ that
our four Companies will be releived & order’d up in two or three Days.
I have prepar’d Returns of such Stores as I have in Charge, & am to
leave here, to deliver to the Person who is to have the Care of them. As
I have deliver’d almost all the Oats that were left here, I fill the Baggs
with the Indian Corn that is in Bulk, that it may be ready for trans-
porting.
We are all in good Spirits at the Thoughts of being so near joining
our Colonel, whom we are very impatient to see; particulierement celui
qui a I’honeur d’etre avec le plus profond Respect
Monsieur.
Votre tres humble et tres Obeissant Serviteur*'
lA OURRY
N B. The 50 Bags of Indian Corn now sent up, to be deducted from
the 526 in the enclos’d Return^ and 60 Bags of Oats from the 99 Maj’'
Shippen will be with you tomorrow.
Col' Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Lieut: Ourry 21®‘ July
’ Major Hugh Wndilel, of the North Carolina companies.
“ Major Richard Wells, of the Lower Counties, was promoted from rank of captain, in
June.
® Not found.
* Not found.
" Major Joseph Shippen.
‘'“particularly he who has the honor to be with the most profound respect. Sir, your
most humble and most obedient servant.”
’ Not found.
258
21 July 1758
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 17, A. L. S.]
Camp at Fort Cumberland 21-‘ July 1758.
Sir
Before Col” Stephen came to this place last Night, I had abandond all
thoughts of attending Personally at the Election in Winchester — de-
termining rather to leave the management of that matter to my friends,
than be absent from my Regiment when there is a probability of its being
calld upon. I am now much pleasd that I did do so.
Col” Byrd has given me your Letter^ of Yesterday, — in consequence
I send you a return- of the Forage, — and he writes® to IVP Gist concerning
Virmilion for the Indians.
We participate in the joy felt for the Success of his Majestys Arms at
Louisburg &c“ and sincerely lament the loss of that brave, & active
Nobleman, Lord How.
We have got the bridge finished at this place, and to morrow Major
Peachy^ with three hundred Men proceed to open General Braddock’s
Road. I shall direct their going to George’s Creek® 10 Miles advanced —
By that time I may possibly hear from you, if they go further, it may
be requisite to reinforce the Party; but this matter I suppose will be
orderd according to the Rout determind on by the General: for it will
be needless to open a Road that no use is made of.®
Col” Stephen gives me some room to apprehend that a body of light
Troops may soon move on. I pray your Interest most heartily, with
the General, to get my Regiment and self included in the Number. If
there needs any Arguments to obtain this favour, I hope without vanity
I may be allowd to say, that from long Intimacy, and scouting in these
Woods my Men are as well acquainted with all the Passes and difficulties
as any Troops that will be employd, and therefore may answer any
purpose intended by them, as well as any other Body.
The General directs, that the Troops be provided with Covers to their
Locks — where to get these I know not — there is but one possible way
of succeeding, and that is by taking the Neats Hydes,'^ and these will
fall short — the Commisaries ask 18/. apiece for them — I shoud be glad
of your advice in this case, as also what will done with the Waggons
expected up in our next Convoy. I can’t say exactly what number there
may be of them, but suppose the Provisions, Forage, and Stores, cant
employ less than 50.
I am Sir, with great Sincerity
Yt most Obed^ H®^® Serv^
G” Washington
22 July 1758 259
Please to offer m}' Comp-® to ’\P Glen — &: forward a Letter herewith sent
to Maj’’ Halkett.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Washington 2L'^ July
[Addressed] On His Majesty's Service to CoP Bouquet — Commanding
His Majesty's Forces Rays Town
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Vi'ritings oj Washington, II, 242-244.
^ Not found.
‘Not found.
® Not found.
’Major yilliam Peachy of the \’irginia Regiment.
‘Northern tributary of the Potomac, about ten miles west of Fort Cumberland.
® Gen. Forbes had sent Major George .Armstrong and 100 men to Raystown with
orders to “find Out and Mark a Road from Reas’ Town as near to Fort Duquesne
as he can possibly go. leaving General Braddock’s Road & the A'ohiogaine entirely to
the left. . . .” Col. John Armstrong to Denny, July 20, printed in Pa. Arch.,
Series 1, III, 483.
' Cow hides.
Sir
GORDON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .Add. MSS. 21643, f. 157, .A. L. S.]
Camp at Rays Town 22"'^ July 1758
I am ordered to give the Hatchet Men and Camp Colour Men, in pub-
lick Orders, Directions to build a Kitchen for the General, which I doe
not understand to be my Duty — therefore begs you'll excuse my giving
Directions on that Subject — as any publick Orders which concerns me,
must, in my Opinion, concern the public Service
I am very respectfully Sir
Your most obedi Servant
H.\rry Gordon — Engineer
in Ord^ & Captain
I am sorry there should be a misunderstanding and waited upon you to
night to acquaint you of — but found you busy.
Colonel Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap^ Gordon
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding the Troops at Ravs
Town
260
23 July 1758
BOSOMWORTH: CALCULATION OF EXPENSE FOR
INDIAN WARRIORS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 15, D. S.]
[Raystown, July 23, 1758]
Proportion of Presents agreed to be given to each Indian for his Service
during the Campaign with their full value annexed viz'
5 Stroud Mantles @20/ each
1 Pair Stockings or Legings
2 Knives
1 Shirt & Flap or Britch Clout
Silver Truck, Wampum, Gartering, Vermillion &a
I 5
0"
0"
0"
.3"
0" 0
3" 9
2" 0
11" 3
0" 0
8" 17" 0
Necessaries to equip them for Service 1" 10" 0
10" 7" 0
1 his is the Present footing our Indians are upon, which upon an Avarage
is the Total Expence of fiting them out and rewarding them for their
Services for the Expedition exclusive of extrodinary encouragements to
be occasionally given for their good behaviour taking Scalps and Prisoners
and some Presents on their return home for their Wives and Children.
By the above Calculation it evidently appears that their whole Charge
to the Government (allowing the same quantity of Presents or the value
thereof above specified to be given them for their Wives and Children on
their return home) don’t amount to more than the Expence of a Provin-
cial Soldier in the New Levies who have their Arms &c’' found them.
Camp at Reas Town 23-'^ July 1758.
[A.] Bosomworth
[Endorsed] Calculation of the Expence of Indian Warriors for their
Service during the Campaign 23 July 1758.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., .Add. M.SS. 21640, f. 108, .V L. S.]
Camp near Reas Town 23^ July 1758
Monsieur
Je re^ois votre Lettre du 20"' avec les Signaux convenues pour les
Messagers des Indiens: Le Major partoit et j’ay eu le terns de Ten
informer: Nous n’avons plus qu’un petit Party d’Indiens en Campagne,
261
23 July 1758
qui reviendront incessamment. II n’est pas possible de leur envoyer ces
Signaux, mais ils Seront de retour avant qu’aucune nouvelle puisse venir
de I’Ohio.
J’envoyeray vos ordres la dessus a Cumberland, et les donneray aux
Troupes igy.
Les dix Indiens venus de Cumberland, nous donn- beaucoup d’Em-
barras; Les Presens que I’on a donnes aux autres leur paroissent meprlsa-
bles, et leurs Pretensions Sont Excessives. Je ne changeray pas le Principe
Sur lequel nous avons agi jusqu’ igy de les traiter tous avec la meme
egalite: Je crains qu’ils ne debauchent les notres, qui jusqu’a present ont
ete dans le plus grand ordre, et entierement Satisfaits.
II y a beaucoup de petites Jalousies pour le menagem- de leurs affaires;
si les Choses restoient long terns Sur le Pied ou elles Sont, nous courrons
risque de perdre nos Indiens; Vous m’entendes, Trop de gens S’en melent,
et ne peuvent convemr entreux; Votre presence mettre tout en Regie.
Major Armstrong a trois guides (et trois Indiens) avec luy: M^^connell,
Brown & Starrat.^ Je vous envoye tous ceux qui restent igy, Fraser,
Walker, Garret^ et les deux qui Sont a Littleton, Ohins & Lowry. ^
Si ceux de Cumberland arrivent a terns, Je les feray Suivre.
Nous avons des details fort disavantageux de I’affaires de Tionderoga,
J’espere qu’ils ne Sont pas Exact, et les Supprime autant que je puis.
Quelque ennuyeuse que Soit une Escorte d’Infanterie Je vous prie de
ne pas vous exposer Sans en avoir une, Les Chevaux legers n’etant d’aucun
Service dans les Brouissailles.
Je suis avec bien de I’Impatience de vous voir
Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres Obeiss^ Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
Gen- Forbes
[Endorsed} Letter Col- Bouquet Raystown July 29-** 1758 To G*
Forbes.
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Raystown, July 23, 1758.
Sir:
I receive your letter of the 20th^ with the signals agreed upon for the
messengers of the Indians. The Major was leaving and I had time to
inform him about it. We have but one small party of Indians in the
262
23 July 1758
field, who will return soon. It is impossible to send them these signals,
but they will have returned before any news could come from the Ohio.
I shall send your orders regarding this to Cumberland, and shall give
them to the troops here.
The ten Indians who came from Cumberland are giving us a great deal
of trouble. The presents which were given to the others appear worthless
to them, and their demands are excessive. I shall not change the policy
on which we have acted up to now, treating them all the same. I am
afraid that they may corrupt ours, who up to the present have been in
very good order, and wholty satisfied.
There are many petty jealousies in the management of their affairs; if
things remain on the present basis very long, we shall run the risk of
losing our Indians. You understand me, too many persons are meddling
in this, and they cannot agree among themselves. Your presence will put
everything in order.
Major Armstrong has three guides (and three Indians) with him:
McConnell, Brown, and Starrat.- 1 am sending you all who remain here,
Fraser, Walker, Garret,^ and the two who are at Littleton, Ohins and
Lowry.'*
If those from Cumberland arrive m time, I shall have them follow.
We have some very unfavorable details about the affair at Ticonderoga.
I hope they are not exact, and am suppressing them as much as I can.
However irksome an infantry escort may be, I beg you not to expose
yourself without having one, as the light cavalry are not of much service
m the thickets.
I am, with much impatience to see you.
Sir, Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
^Forbes to Bouquet, July 20, which see.
^ Possibly Neal McConnell of Burd’s company, second battalion, Pennsylvania Regi-
ment. The other two may have been James Brown and Ralph Sterrett, Indian traders.
® Probably John Fraser and John Walker. The other may have been Thomas Garret
of Burd’s company, second battalion, Pennsylvania Regiment, or young Garret,
possibly a son of Garret Pendergast.
^ John Owens, interpreter and guide. Lowry not identified
263
Dear Colonel
23 July 1758
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
;B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 19, A. Df.]‘
Camp near Reas Town 23*^ July 1758
It is with the utmost displeasure that I am to inform you, of the unac-
countable behaviour of your Indians.^ I receiv’d them as well as I could,
but being excessively busy I could not take of them the Same Notice, as
I would do of any Body that comes from you. The day after their ar-
rival, I inquired what things they wanted, that they might be immediately
Supplied: They Sent me a List of Goods the most extravagant that ever
was thought of: The little Boys as well as the Chief Warriors were to
receive Each a 1000, of Wampum, one Gorget, Silver Arm Plates, Wrist
Bands, 5 Strouds,- an infinity of articles of less value.
I Sent them Word that we had not those Goods, and offered them the
Same [quantity]! that had been given to the other Cherokee: They
despised them, and refused to receive any thing whatever: I Spoke to
them myself to no purpose, and not Satisfied with those marks of dis-
satisfaction, They have bred a disturbance amongst ours, and persuaded
those that were w’*' me at Carlisle to go away to the nation, and it is
w^*' great difficulty that they can be prevailed upon to Stay till the Gen-
eral arrives.
This is a fatal Stroke. I wish they had gone to their Country them-
selves rather than to deprive us of the men we had had So much trouble
to keep and who before that unlucky visit, behaved with the greatest
gentleness, readiness, and discretion. Boemer^ does not Seem to have
acted a good Part in all this, and either by Some private views, or dis-
pleased that their demands had not immediately been complied w^*’ [I
found that]! he [he did not]! has taken [the]t little Pains to [bring them
to their Senses]! dissuad them of their rash behaviour.
I have ordered Bosomworth to Send you Part of our little Stores, [ that
you may]! with Wampum, and Silver Truck to be disposed of [there]!
in the manner you will judge proper, chieffly to reward the Sick, who they
Sa}^ are to go home; [with Some Wampum and Silver Truck.]!
I did not answer you upon the Subject of [ . . . because I was intirely]!
being unaquainted w*'' the Gen'® views and directions; But I am [...]!
Sensible that nothing can be more prejudiciable to the Service, than to
employ [So many]! different Hands for the Managem^ of Indian Af-
fairs: [I can tell you that]! It never was the Generals Intention, et as
Soon as he arrives /Tuesday or Wednesday next this will be the first
point Settled.
t Stricken out.
264
23 July 1758
I have made it a Rule to [reward the Indians with the utmost]! use
the Strictest equality, m the distribution of the King’s Presents to the
Indians and as nothing can Satisfy them, I think this to be the best
method, to prevent jalousie and it has Succeeded extremely well w-'' ours.
What IS given to one becomes a title for all, and every day the markett
would raise, & you know that one trifle refused is Sufficient to make them
forget all [the]t former favours; But as 3mu have it in your Power to
reward those come w^'' you, Could you not persuade them to receive the
Same Presents agreed for [with]! the Rest, and add privately and as if
it was out of your own [pockettjt, what you may think would Please
them, and [engage]! make them to Stay w-*^ you? But this I leave to you
to determine, being a better Judge of their humour, dispositions, and
Circumstances.
{no signature]
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
' Probably Cherokee Indians, as they had been giving considerable trouble, both at
Fort Cumberland and Raystown.
“A coarse blanket or garment worn by the Indians.
“Thomas Boemer, interpreter.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 104, L. S.]*
Carlisle July 23'^ [1758]
S--
I have the favour of yours of the 21®’^ this morning, and altho’ not well
in a Condition, either to write, or think, shall give you a few thoughts.
As I disclaim all parties myself, should be sorry that they were to
Creep in amongst us. I therefore cannot Conceive what the Virginia
folks would be att, for to me it appears to be them, and them only, that
want to drive us into the road by Fort Cumberland, no doubt in opposi-
tion to the Pennsylvanians who by Raestown would have a nigher Com-
munication [than them] to the Ohio.
S*'' John S^ Clair was the first person that proposed and enforced me in
to take the road by Raestown, I having previous to this ordered^ our
Army to assemble at Conegochegue^ which I was obliged afterwards to
alter to Raestown at his Instance, altho he then declared that he nor
nobody else knew any thing of the road leading from the Alleganey, over
the Laurel hill, but as he has represented it of late impracticable to me,
I was therefore pressing to have the Communication opened from Raes-
town to Fort Cumberland. S*’’ John I am affraid had got a new light at
Cob Bouquet
265
23 July 1758
Winchester, and I believe from thence proceeded to the opening the road
from Fort Frederick to Fort Cumberland. I put the Question fairly to
him Yesterday" Morning, asking him if he knew of an}^ Intention of
making me change measures and forceing me into the Fort Cumberland
road, when he knew that it was at his Instance solely, that I had
changed it to Raestown; I showed him Cap^ Ward’s JournaF & descrip-
tion® of the road from Raestown to the top of the Laurel Hill, telling him
at the same time, that if an easy road could be found there, or made
there, that I was amazed he should know nothing off it, which was evi-
dent by his telling me of late that the Laurel hill was impracticable, he
appeared nonplused, but rather than appear ignorant, he said that there
were many Indian Traders that knew those roads very well; I stopt him
short by saying if that was the case, that I was very sorry he had never
found them out, or never thought it worth his while to examine them. In
short he knows nothing of the matter.
Col° Byrd in a paragraph of his letter*’' from Fort Cumberland, amongst
other things writes; that he has upwards of Sixty Indians waiting my ar-
rival, and ready to Accompany me, but they will not follow me unless I
go by Fort Cumberland. This is a new System of Military Discipline;'
truly and shows that my good friend Byrd is either made the Cats Foot
off himself, or he little knows me, if he imagines that Sixty Scoundrells are
to direct me in my measures.
As we are now so far advanced as Raestown I should look fickle in
my measures, in changing, to go by Fort Cumberland, without being made
thoroughly sensible of the impracticability of passing by the shortest way
over the Laurell Hill to the Ohio.
The difference at present in the length of road the one way and the
other Stands thus.
From Raestown to Fort Cumberland 34 miles or upwards From Fort
Cumberland to Fort Duquesne by Gen'^ Braddocks’ 125 Miles in all 160
to which add the passage of rivers &c. and the last 8 Miles not cut. The
other road From Raestown to the top of the Laurell Hill 46 miles From
thence to Fort Dusquesne suppose 40 or 50 miles in all 90, with no rivers
to obstruct you and nothing to stop you that I can see, except that
Bugbear, or tremendious pass of the Laurel Hill.
If what I say is true and those two roads are compared, I don't see
that I am to Hesitate one moment which to take unless I take a party
likewise, which I hope never to do in Army matters.
I have now told you my Opinion, and what I think of the affairs of the
road, but to judge at such Distance, and of a Country I never saw, nor
heard Spoke off but in Cap- Wards Account, I therefore can say nothing
decisive, so have sent up S"" John S‘ Clair in order that he may explore
that new road and determine the most Elligible to be pursued, but this I
266
23 July 1758
think need not hinder yon from proceeding upon the new road as soon
as you Can Conveniently. Altho' by the letter’ that I made Major Hal-
kett write you this morning with the letters contained of the situation
of Gen" Abercrombys affairs you'l see they will at least oblige me either
to proceed with Coolness and circumspection; or make a hardy march
According to the Certainty of Events, of which I expect a Particular ac-
count every Moment from Gen" Abercromb)^
The Provincialls are all gone from this, and I proposed to have left it
as yesterday with the four remaining Companies of the Highlanders,®
but not to crowd you or distress you in Provender the providing of which
has been most terribly neglected, the troops now shall move slowly on,
and in place of allowing the Waggon Horses, and Bat horses to make their
halting days of refreshmerrt at Raestown, you will order their Waggon
Masters to conduct them backwards, and give them days of refreshment
any where else, otherwise we might be drove to the necessity of quiting
Raestown before we choose it for the want of forage and Provinder for
our horses. I have spoke very roundly upon this Subject to S*'' John, who
was sent up the Country from Philadelphia for no other purpose than to
fix the roads and provide forage, both of which I am sorry to say it, are
yet to begin, but all this entre nous untill I see you I have been and am
still but poorly, by a Cursed flux, but shall move day after tomorrow. My
compllm^® to My Cousin M"' Glen, and I thank you for the Care you take
of him. I send you enclosed a melancholly list® of our Killed and
Wounded, at this very very odd Affair,
portez vous bien, et ne beuvez point D’eau.^®
I am S'""
Y'' most ob* hum'® Serv*
Jo Forbes
This letter was begun two days ago but finished Carlisle 25"“ July
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes 24**^ July 1758
answered the 31-'^ d®^^
” Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 156-158.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, July 21.
"Forbes to Sharpe, March 21, 1758, printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes,
61-63.
® Brodhead says that this is “supposed to be Fort Frederick, Washington County,
Maryland, near what Mitchel calls the Conegogee, now the Conecocheague Creek.”
‘Ward’s Journal, p. 237, which see.
'’Ward’s Report on the Road, p. 243, which see.
“ Not found.
’ Halkett to Bouquet, July 23, which see.
'■ Col. Archibald Montgomery's troops, 77th Regiment.
'’See abstract, Colden to Halkett, July 17.
’"“Keep w'ell, and don’t drink any water.”
“Bouquet to Forbes, July 31, which see.
267
23 July 1758
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS, 21640, f. 106, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle 23^* July 1758
Sir
General Forbes is so extreamly Reduc’d, & low in Spirits with the Flux,
and other afflictions, that he is not able to write you; I am therefore di-
rected to acknowledge the arrival of the Express from Reastown with
your dispatches,^ and to give you a little information of our misfortunes
at Carrilion,- have inclos’d a couple of letters^ Receiv’d from New York,
which contain as full an account as any yet come to hand. General Forbes
not having heard from General Abercromby since his Repulse.
Seven hundred Carrying horses are to be sent up the Country, what
ever more will be necessary, can be provided in Virginia. Non but the
Provintials who are over & above sufficient for the protection of the dif-
ferent Posts upon the Road to Reastown are order’d up, all the High-
landers will be detaind to the last, as an Escort to the General, being
desirous of saveing the consumpsion of Provisions with you, as much as
possible.
The June iMagazine,'^ & last News Papers^ I have inclos’d, which will
give you all the Intelligence that is current in these parts I am Dear Sir
your most obedient humble Servant
Fr.A.NCIS H.-tLKETT
24“^ July
Governor Sharp set out from hence this morning for Fort Fredrick
S’" John S* Clair accompanyes him part of the Road in his way to
Reastown.
The Camp Equipage sent up just now by the Commissioners for the
Pensylvania Troops is to set off this afternoon, & likewise the Tents for
the guides with you the General having sent up 90 Tents in place of the
80 he formerly inform’d you of.
The assamblage of Horses, and Cattle, that necessary must be at Reas-
town, will no doubt consume the Forrage greatly; upon that account the
General recommends as few of them being detain’d there as possible, &
when ever it is necessary to give any part of them a day, or two of rest,
that they may be sent to some other part of the Country, where they may
be as well refresh’d, & with less inconveniency
To Colonel Bouquet
268
24 July 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] from Gen- Forbes, by Major
Halkett 24^’* July answered the 31®* d"®
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 154-155.
'Probably Bouquet's letters of July 13, 15, and 21, as Forbes had not acknowledged
them earlier.
“Fort Ticonderoga.
“Probably Colden to Halkett, July 17. See abstracts.
' Possibly The New American Magazine, edited by “Sylvanus Americanus,” Woodbridge,
New Jersey. It published both foreign and domestic news.
“ Probably the P ennsylvania and Maryland Gazettes.
“Bouquet to Forbes, July 31, which see.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 20, A. Df.]*
Camp near Reas Town 24*’’ July 1758
Dear Sir
I received the favour of your two very obliging I.etters of the 19*'' &
2U* Inst** I am very glad that your Presence was not absolutely neces-
sary at Winchester, as I Suppose the General will Soon call upon you, he
IS this day at Fort Littleton, and I expect him here to morrow, or Wednes-
day: I have Sent him the Raports” I had from the Road over Lawrell
Hill, which appear to be practicable, but would perhaps require more
time to open, than the Circumstances can permit; Therefore untill he
has determined which Way to march, I think it is very well to open
Braddocks Road, but I would not advance further than ten miles; The
Rest I Suppose could be cut as fast as the Army can march;
In case the General Shoud determine to [Sendjt advance a Body of
Troops [before him], on this Road [ ]t, I Should be glad to
Know before hand if it would be disagreahle to you to have your Regl
and Self employed there, or if you would prefer to march
I Suppose that the Gen! vvill advance a Body of Troops upon this Road,
over the Lawrell Hill, and [I would be gljt as you desire to be employed
immediately w^*' your Reg! I would be glad to Know before hand, if this
would be agreable to you, or if you prefer to wait untill he may
I do imagine that [at all Events]! the General [will]! may Send a
Body of Troops by this Road over Lawrell Hill, [if]! Either w*'‘ Waggons,
or Bat Horses, and as you desire to have your Regl and Self employed
immediately I would be glad to Know before hand, between [you & I]!
us if it would be agreable to you to [be employed there]! to march that
Way or wait untill the General is able to determine full}^ [his march]!
t Stricken out.
269
24 July 1758
about the Roads. You want the Interest of no body with him. [ i he
General]! he has Several Times expressed to me [thejt how much he
depends upon you and your Reg- for the Success of this Expedition, and
you may be certain that he will prevail himself on all opportunities of
your Zeal [and Experi for the Service and Experience,]! and Experience
and of your Knowledge of the Country.
[You may order as many Hides as will be wanted to provide covers
for]!
[I Shall]! As to the Covers of [Gun]! the Locks, I shall ask the Gen-
eral’s directions. Since [in]! the Hides would not be Sufficient to pro-
vide your men and may be wanted [for the]! to tye the Loads of the
Pack Horses.
[For you]! As Soon as the Waggons you expect arrive. Please to Send
me an Express, as the Circumstances could be [altered]! different. I can
give no orders about them.
I shall Send you Provisions immediatly from hence, if I hear nothing
of your Convoy.
Major Livingston^ nor any officer m the Service is allowed more than
one Ration for himself. [If he has]! Please to order Some Soldiers to
bake Bread for the Indians, they are to be paid at the rate of one Shill:
per day Philad'* Curr: or nine Pence and one Jill of Rum, when employed.
The agent for the Contractors apply to me to desire you would give
orders that M'' [Dues]^ be exemted from attending the Grass Guard,
and appoint [him]! a proper Soldier to guide [them to proper . . .]!
cattle to the best Pastures he Shall be paid.
I expect every day Some Tents and Bell of arms. Be So good as to Send
me a General Return of the deficiencys of the Troops under your Comand
that the Gen’ may provide [for it]! them as far as the Circumstances will
permit.
{no signature]
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Letter written to Col Washington
& Col Byrd The 24”' Jul}" to Cumberland
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
See Washington to Bouquet, July 19 and 21.
"Ward’s Reports. See Bouquet to Forbes, July 21.
" Major James Livingston of the Virginia Regiment.
‘Not identified.
270
24 July 1758
Sir
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add, MSS. 21641, f. 22, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Rays Town^ 241** July 1758.
The Inclosd- came to my hands a few hours after I dispatchd my last*
by Mt Frazer. I did not know but it might enable you to determine bet-
ter, what shoud be done with the Waggons, and therefore send it If we
are to lye at this place any time, perhaps you may think it advisable to
send the Waggons down for another Convoy. I shoud not choose to pro-
pose any thing that might seem officious: but woud it not facilitate the
Operations of the Campaigne if the Virginia Troops were Orderd to pro-
ceed as far /at least/ as the great Crossing of Yaugyauggane, opening
the Road & constructing Posts at proper places as they go. If any use is
intended to be made of this Road, from such a step, great advantages may
certainly be derivd. In this event, I shoud be glad to be joind by that
part of my Regiment now at Rays Town.
Major Peachy, who Commands the Working [thejt Party on General
Braddocks Road writes me, that he finds little repairs wanting; I shall
however direct him /to Night/ to proceed as far as Savage River^ and
then return, as his Party is rather too weak to adventure further.
All the Indian Parties that went out, are now returnd /save one con-
sisting of three only/ without making any discoveries.
I beg leave to assure you that I am most sincerely Sir,
Yi most Obedl H**'® Servl
G"? Washington
P S.* I inclose a Return* of the Provisions & Stores coming up in the 2**
Convoy
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ 24*** July answered the 27***'^
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service to CoP Bouquet — Commanding
His Majesty’s Troops — at Rays Town
* A. Df. printed in I'itzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 24S.
t Stricken out.
* Obviously an error on Washington’s part. The A. Df. for this, and his letters prior
to and following it, were all written from Fort Cumberland. The mistake may have
been due to haste and pressure of military affairs.
^ Not found.
“Probably Washington to Bouquet, July 21, which see.
‘Northern tributary of North Branch of Potomac River, to the west of Fort Cum-
berland.
® Postscript not in A. Df.
“ Not found.
* Bouquet to Washington, July 27, which see.
271
25 July 1758
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 17, C]
Copy of a Letter^ from Major Armstrong
Edmund’s Swamp 25'^'^ July 1758 —
Sir:
I arrived here last Night very late, There are about two Miles of the
Alleghany Hill, that is Stony, but the Stones can be removed without
much Difficulty, and in these Two Miles are two Hills, where all The
Hardship in crossing the Alleghany lays, and even there, where the
Road is cut to Advantage, White is of Oppinnion that he can bring 2000
W* up it in his own Waggon, So that it is without Doubt practicable to
find a Waggon Road thro’ this Mountain.
There is a small Pinch above where we now lay, and I can not learn
that there is anymore m this Mountain, therefore am inclin’d to think the
Road Cutters may be employ’d as soon as you please.
Another Letter- from the same
Erom Kicknepaulins 26*’’ July 1758 —
Sir:
I reach’d this place about 4 OClock P. M. and finds a good Scituation
for a Deposit upon this Creek, some of the Ground clear’d some time agoe
by the Indians, & not overlook’d by Hills, the nearest to it is about 50
Perches at least. Grass is extremely good and plenty of it, so that it is
certainly the best Scituation [in the] for a Deposite between the Alle-
ghany and Laurell Hill. It is about half way between the two Hills; The
Road we came yesterday may be made pritty good.
Several of our People heard Indian hallows a little way from this In-
campment last Night. I sent a Party or two in Quest of them but they
return’d without making any Discovery.
Extract of another Letter® f“ D” at D'? 27-'* July 1758
Sir:
[Thisjt Tuesday Morning I march’d towards [Lyojt Loyalhaning
and return’d last Night.
Laurell Hill is about two Miles & half over, the Top of it stony and
the west Side more so, but the Stones being loose can easily be removed, it
is ah* Eighteen Miles from this to [Lyohanyjt Loyalhaning a very pretty
place, well waterd, & Grass in Abundance; The Scituation is undoubtedly
t Stricken out.
272
25 July 1758
good, and supply'd with all Conveniences- — The Virginian Officers with
me think also we can have a tollerable Road this way, [think also,]t
Our Breast Work was finish’d last Night —
There has been some Indians lately upon Laurrell Hill, having found
their Tracks going to the Westward.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Intelligences^ about the New
Road
t Stricken out.
^ Original not found.
"A. L. S. in B. M., Add MSS. 21643, f. 160. See page 280.
®A. L. S. in B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 162. See page 283.
‘These three extracts were enclosed in Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, July 31, which see.
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 158, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudon 25^^ July 1758
Dear Colonel
I have just time to inform you that, on Sunday last I came to this place
after a tedious March from Shippensburgh with the Artillary, the Same
day Cap^ Hardon^ with the R: A-^ March’d, On Monday Mornning, I
Sent Out Eighty Men with Some Officers in Order to Mend the first Six
Miles of the Road to Lyttleton,® and this Mornning Sixty of the High-
landers to repair the residue on their March to that post, and to Morrow
Mornning Major Wells with two Companys is to March before tbe Ar-
tillary, examining & repairing all the Difficult places as far as juniata, or
even Rays Town.
So tedious, and Subject to One tryfleing Accident & another are those
Artillary Waggons, that I never met with any thing like it & too much
pains cannot be taken to get them forward. The General at Carlisle
thought they wou’d leave this place on Munday, I was sure they wou’d
do it on Tuesday, but find it impossible to get them off before Thursday
So many trinkets have they to amend & repair.
being unacquainted with the Stores at this place, and having full em-
ploy with the Troops of Different Chores, I found my Self Oblidg’d to
keep Mt Ourry a few days, or untill the General came. I look for him
every Moment, & am afraid thro’ his Stay he is unwell, the News from
273
25 July 1758
General Abercromby, no doubt has been wrote you, all I know of it is
that it’s not so good as cou’d be wish’d.
I am dear Sir in much haste,
your Very Affectionate, and Very humb’ Serv^
Armstrong
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Armstrong 25-^ July
{Addressed} On his Majesties Servise to Colonel Henry Bouquet Com-
manding his Majesties Forces at Ray’s Town
^ Capt. Ralph Harding.
^ Royal American Regiment.
“ Fort Littleton.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET*
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 26, A. L. S.]
Camp at Fort Cumberland 25-'^ of July 1758.
Dear Sir,
I wrote^ you by CoF Stephen, since which I have been favoured with
your kind agreable Letter- of Yesterday.
We have advice that our Second Convoy of Seventy odd Waggons
/contents you were informd of in my last/ will be at the South Branch^
today, where I expect they will be joind by some Waggons with Forage
— the number I can’t ascertain — and all proceed to this place immediately.
On Friday I shall look for them.
I shall most chearfully proceed to Work on any Road;— pursue any
Rout; — enter upon any Service that the General or yourself can think
me qualified for, or usefully employd in; and shall never have a Will of
my own where a point of Duty is required at my hands: but since you
desire me to speake, permit me to observe this; that after having exam-
ind all the Guides, and been convinced by them and every other Person
who has knowledge of that Country, that a Road comparable to General
Braddocks /or indeed fit for any Service at all, even for Carrying Horses/
cannot be made; I own, I say, after this, I shoud sollicit the Rout with
less warmth — not because difficulties appear in it, but because I shoud
much doubt giving Satisfaction in the Executive Part. I don’t know
what reports your Reconnoitring Parties have given, but I have been told
on all hands that if anj^ thing is expected there, disappointments will ensue.
274
25 July 1758
for nothing can be taken that way without distroying of our Carrying
Horses, so extreame bad the Hills are.
I should be extreme glad of one hours conference with you, and that
after the General arrives; I coud then much readier determine/ — or — I
think I coud then demonstrate the advantages of pushing out a Body of
Light Troops on this Quarter. I shoud make a trip to Rays Town with
great pleasure, if my absence here coud be dispensd with a day or two;
and that you can now be a judge of.
We shall need no Provisions from you — this Second Convoy added to
what we have, will furnish us with a tolerable good Stock.
If Major Livingston, or any other Officer at this place draws more than
one Ration it is contrary to Orders published here and to my knowledge,
and ought to be attributed to the Commissary, whose fault chiefly it must
be for delivering it.
We have been obligd for the sake of Our Cattle to remove our Grass
Guard to Cresaps — 15 Miles from hence — there the Provisions is
slaughterd, and servd out to the Guard, and to the Troop of Light Horse^
— /also at that place/ — it is therefore necessary that Mt Dow,® or some
other attendant of the Commissary’s /or Agent Victualler’s/ shoud be
present and see to the Issuing of it.
There were two Commissaries at this place, besides a numerous Train
of Butchers, Herds &c‘‘ so immensely lazy that I was under a necessity
of ordering some of them to attend the Guard to keep them out of Mis-
chief. The Commissaries lookd upon the Cattle to be at the Kings risque,
were therefore easy what went with them — & in short, gave themselves
no trouble on that Score till I made one of them attend, to Number them
Night & Morning.
I send you a Return® of the two Regiments, and the Maryland Troops,
at this place, at the bottom of each return is notified the number of
Tents each Corps has receivd, and have by them, from thence jmu may
judge of our Wants — many of the Officers, as I once before observd to you,
are in the same condition with the Private Centinals in regard to Tents.
Kelly'^ and Stalnaker® /two Guides/ are on the Road with Maj''
Peachy — all the rest at this place I have directed to attend you.
It woud be extreme inconvenient to me at this time, to Garrison the
Block House® on Rays Town Road — having such large Detachments al-
ready out — and the Camp Duty very hard.
I am with most sincere Regard D'' Sir
very Obed^ and Affec- Serv-
G° Washington
275
26 July 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Col. Washington s 25-*' July 1758
answered the 27*’'^°
* Cop3^ in B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 28. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of
Washington, II, 246-248.
^Washington to Bouquet, July 21, which see.
" Bouquet to Washington, July 24, which see.
“South Branch of Potomac.
’ Capt. Robert Stewart’s company.
Lieut, James Dow, quartermaster of first battalion, 60th Regiment.
® This Return, dated July 24, is in the Washington Papers.
■ Possibly Joseph Kelly of Burd's company, second battalion, Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Probably Capt, Samuel Stalnaker of the Virginia Regiment, whose home was on
Holston River, in Augusta County, Va. Stalnaker was appointed guide by Augusta
County for a proposed expedition against the Shawnee, in 1757.
“See Bouquet to Washington, July 14, footnote 4.
•"Bouquet to Washington, July 27, which see.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M„ Add. MSS. 21640, f. 110, A. L. S.]
Camp near Reas Town 26-^ July 1758
Monsieur
Je vous envoye le Lettre^ que je regois du Major Armstrong: Par le
Raport des deux Guides- qu’il a depeche, II paroit que la Chose est tres
praticable: Dans une affaire de cette Consequence j’ay cru devoir agir
avec la plus grande Circonspection;
White,^ le Charretier est retourne aujourdhuy avec une Escorte pour
reconnoitre, comment on pourroit diriger le Chemin pour eviter tous les
detours et Sinuosites du Sentier. Et j’ay prie le Col. Burd d’aller demain
avec Rhor,^ jusqu'au Somet de la Montagne /Allegheny/ pour determiner
la ligne la plus droite d’iqy jusqu’au Pied de la Montee, et marquer les
tournans du Chemin pour gagner la hauteur.
J’espere que vous Seres igy a leur retour, et pourres juger S’il convient
de risquer cette Route.
Dans 3 Jours le Major Sera de retour a Edmund’s Swamp qui abonde
en fourage, et me fera Scavoir ce que nous avons a attendee de Lawrell
Hill;
Un home qui a ete 50 fois par ce Sentier a I’Ohio dit que le reste de la
Route depuis Loyal Hanny est une Suite continuelle de Colines, avec des
Endroits marecageux /Swamps and Boggs/ mais de peu d’Etendue; C’est
un nomme Fergusson^ homme borne dont on ne peut tirer rien de precis;
Je I’ay envoye avec le Major® et Dunnings.*^
General Forbes
276
26 July 1758
Sur ie Raport du Major, nous Serous assures dela Route jusques a
Loyal Hanny, et pour le reste, je fais partir demain le Cap"® Patterson,®
avec 4 homes Surs, pour Suivre ce meme Sentier jusques au bout, et
revenir incessamm^ pour en rendre Compte, observant les mauvais Pas,
avec les facilites que le terrein peut offrir pour les reparer, comme des
Arbres; Pierres La quantite d’herbe I’Eau, Les Defiles, et les Distances
II pourra etre de retour dans 12 Jours au plus. Le Col. Washington
a fait couper le Commencem^ du Chemin de Braddock, que j’ay fixe a 10
miles du Fort Cumberland. Vous aures apris par les Guides que je vous ai
envoye les avantages de cette Route qui est ouverte, et exige peu de Repa-
rations; Et Ses Inconveniens qui Sont le manque de fourage, Sa longueur,
Ses Defiles, et les Passages des Rivieres; Le Col. Washington qui est
remph d’un Zele Sincere pour contribuer au Succes de cette Expedition
et pret a marcher de quel cote vous determineres, avec le meme activite
m’ecrit que par tout ce qu’il a oue et pu rassembler d’Intelligences, notre
Route est impraticable mem pour des Chevaux de Bat, tant les montagnes
Sont mauvaises, et que le Chemin de Braddock est absolument le Seul a
prendre &c
Voila, Mon Cher General, I’Expose des Raports & Opinions qui me sont
parvenus: Je n’y ajouteray aucune Reflexion, esperant chaque Jour
d’avoir la Satisfaction de vous voir.
Ne trouveries vous pas a propos de voir icy le Col. Washington avant
de vous determiner, et Si nos Partis contmuent a donner de bonnes Nou-
velles, le convertir a ceder a I’Evidence.^
Nous avons eu beaucoup de tracasserles avec nos Indiens occasiones
par le mecontentem* de ceux de Col. Byrd; mals tout Soit raccomode,
et reste paisible a Cumberland et igy.
Un gros Convoy® est attendu dans deux Jours a Cumberland avec du
fourage.
I’attens chaque Jour des Chevaux de Bat: II n’en est venu encore
qu’une Brigade de 90, fort mauvais, puisque le Major qui en a le Choix
s’en plaint dans Sa Lettre.
Malgre vos Ordres, et ceux que j’ay donnes en Consequence par Ecrit,
on a presse sur la Route les Chariots & Chevaux de la Brigade de
De Haven^® mais je ne Sgais pas ou est la faute.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss* serviteur
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed'\ Letter Cob Bouquet Raestown 26*** July 1758 forbes
277
26 July 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Raystown, July 26, 1758.
Sir:
I am sending you the letter^ I received from Alajor Armstrong. Ac-
cording to the report of the two guides* he has sent out, it appears that
the matter is very practicable. In an affair of this consequence I be-
lieved it necessary to act with the greatest circumspection.
White, ^ the wagoner, went back today with an escort to reconnoiter
how the road should be directed to avoid all the turns and twists of the
path. And I have asked Colonel Burd to go tomorrow with Rhor^ to
the summit of the mountain (Allegheny) m order to determine the
straightest line from here to the foot of the incline, and to mark the
turns of the road in reaching the top.
I hope that you will be here on their return, and will be able to judge
if it is expedient to chance this route.
In three days the major will be back from Edmund’s Swamp, where
forage is abundant, and will let me know what we have to expect from
Laurel Hill.
A man who has been over this path fifty times to the Ohio says that
the rest of the route beyond Loyal Hannon is a continuous succession
of hills, with some marshy places (swamps and bogs) but of small
extent. He is a man named Ferguson,^ a person of limited capacity,
from whom nothing precise can be drawn. I have sent him with the
major® and Dunnings.'^
On the report of the major, we shall be certain of the route as far as
Loyal Hannon, and as for the rest, I am having Captain Patterson® leave
tomorrow with four trustworthy men to follow this same path to the end,
and to return immediately to give an account of it, observing all the bad
spots, with the advantages which the terrain may offer for repairing
them — as trees, rocks, etc. — , the amount of grass, water, the narrow
passes, and the distances, etc.
He can return in twelve days at the most. Colonel Washington has
had the beginning of Braddock’s Road cut, which I have fixed at ten
miles from Fort Cumberland. From the guides I have sent you, you
will have learned the advantages of this route, which is open and requires
few repairs; and its inconveniences, which are the lack of forage, its
length, its narrow passes, and the river crossings. Colonel Washington
who is animated by a sincere zeal to contribute to the success of this
expedition, and ready to march from whatever direction you may de-
termine with the same eagerness, writes me that, from all he has heard
and been able to gather from reports, our route is impracticable even
278
26 July 1758
for pack horses, so bad are the mountains; and that Braddock’s Road
is absolutely the only one to take, etc.
There, my dear general, is a statement of the reports and opinions
which have reached me. I shall not add any comment, hoping every day
to have the satisfaction of seeing you.
Would you not find it apropos to see Colonel Washington here before
3mu decide, and if our parties continue to bring good news, persuade him
to yield to the evidence?
We have had many bickerings with our Indians, caused by the dis-
content of Colonel Byrd’s; but everything is patched up and remains
peaceable at Cumberland and here.
A large convoy® is expected at Cumberland in two days, with forage.
I am expecting some pack horses any day. As yet there has come only
a brigade of ninety, very poor, for the major who selected them complains
of them in his letter.
In spite of your orders, and mine which I gave as a result in writing,
the wagons and horses of De Haven’s^® brigade have been hurried along
the road, but I do not know where the fault lies.
I have the honor to be. Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
^ Major George y\rmstrong to Bouquet, July 25, which see.
“ Kelly and Stalnaker.
® William White.
‘ Ensign Charles Rhor.
Possibh' Dugal Ferguson, an old Indian trader.
* Major George Armstrong.
’Probably James Dunning, Indian trader, and possibly Robert Dunning, another
Indian trader who lived near Carlisle.
® Capt. James Patterson.
® The second convoy consisted of about 70 wagons. See Washington to Bouquet,
July 25.
“Abraham De Haven, horse-master.
Reports on Roads 279
DUNNING: ESTIMATE OE DISTANCE TO FORT DUQUESNE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 140, D.]
[c. July, 1758]
From Raystown to Enlesses^ 3
Smiths Run" 2
Nelsons^ 4
Dunings Sleeping placC^ 3
Foot of Alleghany Hill 3
Top of Alleghany Hill 2
A large Spring 4
Lawrel Run“ 1
Stoney Creek 2
Kickiny Fallens® 5
29
Clear Fields’^ 4
Foot of Lawrel Hills 1
over Lawrel hill 4
Head of a Spring 3
Forks of Loyalhaning® 4 16
Foot of the Chestnut hill 3
Black Legg’s Bottom® 6
Crab Tree Bottom^® 1
Elk Run^^ 1
Dunings Sleeping place^® 6
Fort Duquesne 25
87
Watter and Grass to be found at all these places except the foot of Lawrell
hill where Grass is Scarce, between Dunings Sleeping place and Fort
Duquesne watter is plenty at a few Miles Distances.
\Endorsed in Bouquet’s handivriting] Dunning’s Estimates of the dis-
tances to the French Fort
^Not identified.
®A small run that entered the Raystown Branch a little west of Wolfsburg.
® Joseph Nelson. See Rhor’s Report on Roads, p. 294.
^ Probably a stopping place of James Dunning s, about halfway between the Shawnee
Cabins and the Allegheny Mountain.
®Oven Run, a branch of Stony Creek.
* Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
’ Clearfields, later site of Fort Dudgeon, near present Klines Mill, Somerset County.
280
26 July 1758
®The forks of the Loyalhanna became the later site of Fort Ligonier.
“Black Legg’s Bottom was probably “the Big Bottom” at the mouth of Ninemile
Run, 2 miles southeast of Latrobe, Westmoreland County.
“ Near the head of Little Crabtree Creek.
“Elk Run, not identified, but probably a small stream in the vicinity of Hanna’s
Town.
“James Dunning also had a stopping place near the head of Brush Run.
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 160, A. L. S.]*
Kickeny pallens^ [on] Drounding Creek^ 26 July 1758
Sir/
I reached this place Yesterday about 4 ‘^Clock P. AI. and finds a Good
Situation for a Deposite upon this Creek, some of the Ground Cleared
some time ago by the Indians, and not overlooked b)^ Mills, the nearest
to it is at least 50 perches. Grass is extremely good and plenty of it,
so that it is certainly the best Situation for a Deposite between the Al-
lighany [andjt and Lawrell hill. It is about half-way hetween the two
hills. I intend to set off Immediately, with 20 Good Men to Loyalhaning^
in order to view that or some other Convenient place ikc'"^ leaving the
remainder of the Men at Work. The Road we came Yesterday may be
made pretty Good, I send You the 4 Horse drivers & 21 Horses with
orders to take one horse that tyered before we got 5 Miles from Rays-
town, I keep 6 here. When I return from Loyalhaning, and after the
Works are finished, 1 intend to employ myself m Surveying a very Good
Plantation or two that Lays upon this Creek. I think the distance of
the Road given in by Dunmg^ is pretty true, and the Stages or places"’
to encamp, much as he said. Several of our people heard Indian hollows
a little way from this incampment last night. I sent a party or two in
quest of them but they returned without making any Discovery’s. The
Indians does not Chuse to go with me over the Lawrel hill but will stay
here and hunt.
I am Honoured Sir with great esteem
Your most obf & very H*^'® Servf
Geo. Armstrong
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Major Armstrong’s 26-** July
[Addressed] On his Majesty’s Service To Colonel Henry Bouquet Com-
manding his Majestys Troops at Ray’s town
* An extract from this letter is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 17. See page 271.
t Stricken out.
’ Site of Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
“ An early name for Quemahoning Creek.
“ Loyalhanna.
* Probably James Dunning.
^ See Dunning’s Estimate of Distances, p. 279.
231
27 July 1758
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 180, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 27^*^ July 1758
Dear Sir
I received the favour of your Letters of the 24**^ & 25-^ InstA with the
inclosed Papers. -
The Maryland Troops at Cumberland have received the General’s
orders to march to Reas Town, and the Garrison at Fort Frederic is
to join them here by Loudoun in Pensilvania where they are to receive
Tents.
I Shall Supply the 200 actually w^‘* you on their arrival here; There-
fore Please to Send them as Soon as you can bring them together; I
thought that one Part of them Should garrison Fort Cumberland, but
Since they have orders to the Contrary, they must follow them.
I have received about 100 Tents to compleat your Troops, the Mary-
landers, and Pensilvanians, which is by far not Sufficient: I expect Soon
another Supply: I Shall compleat your Six Companies here w^** the two
of Col. Burds:^ Be So good as to let me know the number you will want
absolutely to compleat the four Comp-'® w^' you, and the 8 of Col. Byrd;’^
L* Col. Mercer’ tells me that the Second Reg- will want about 12 Tents
in all.
Soldiers Tents for officers have not been provided, and if they can not
get them made, I am afraid we Shall be in Want.
I have no directions about your Waggons, but if you receive no orders
to the Contrary from the Gene^ or Sir John'’’ &■-’ they are to be Sent back
immediatly for another Convoy; and ordered to make all possible
dispatch.
The case of AT Dow^ had been misrepresented (as usual) your Regu-
lations for that material Branch are very just.
I come now to the most important article the determination of a Road:
nothing can be greater than your generous dispositions for the Service,
and the candid Exposition of your Sentiments: I See w^*' the utmost
Satisfaction that you are above all the Influences of Prejudice, and ready
to go heartily where Reason and Judgment Shall direct. I wish Sincerely
that we might all center in one and the Same opinion; Therefore I desire
to have an Interview with you at the houses* built half Way betwixt
our Camps; I will communicate to you all the Intelligences I was able
to collect, and weighing impartially the advantages and disadvantages
of Each Communication, We Shall I hope be able between you and I,
Col. Washington
282
27 July 1758
to determine what is most eligible: and Save to the General [thejt
trouble and loss of time in inquiring upon the Same Subject.
I hear that he was Still at Carlisle on Sunday, a little Indisposed, as he
takes an Escort of Col. Montgomery’s Reg*® he can not well be here before
Sunday next: Therefore if we meet Saturday 29^^ Instl we have time
enough. Col. Byrd may give in your Short absccnce the necessary Direc-
tions for the Convoy and Waggons &'?
In the mean time Please to order back your Partys advanced upon
Braddock’s Road, to prevent any Accident, as that Road can be opened
as fast as we can march if we make use of it.
It was a great Neglegt in the Quarter Master General*® not to have
given directions in time, to make magazinefs] of Hay at Cumberland,
having Such facility, and So many Hands to employ: That omission is
Sufficient to ruin the Expedition, as I hear that grass is very Scarce in
Several Places upon the Road, and we Shall be unable to Support the
horses in the Several transports, as we can not carry the whole at once,
but proceed by Deposites. — besides the continual Supply, when arrived
upon the Ohio.
This Consideration Seems to me of great Importance, and a Strong
argument for two Communications, but that I defer to Saturday.
I am most Sincerely
Dear Sir
Your most obed^ hble serv?
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Colonel Bouquet 27'’’ July 1758
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 395-397
t Stricken out.
'Washington to Bouquet, July 24 and 25, which see.
“ Not identified.
“ Col. James Burd.
* Col. William Byrd.
^ Lieut. Col. George Mercer.
° Sir John St. Clair.
'Lieut. James Dow.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, July 14.
** Last Division of the Highland Battalion of Col. Archibald Montgomery’s 77th Regi-
ment. Forbes to Abercromby, July 25, printed in James, Writings of General John
Forbes, 158-160.
Sir John St. Clair.
283
27 July 1758
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B, M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 162, A. L. S.]*
Drounding Creek 27" July 1758.
Sir/
Tuesday Morning last I marched from this toward Loyalhanmng and
returned here last night Lawrel Hill is about 2 54 Miles over The Top
of it a little stoney and the West side more so, however they are but
loos and can be pretty easie removed it is about 18 Mdes from this place
to Lo5"alhanU the latter is a very pretty place; w’ell wattered and Grass
in abundence. The Situation is undoubtedly Good for nature has sup-
plyed it with all conveniencies, and what makes it more desirable is the
Westeren breeses carrying with them the Smell of the French Brandy.
I think were but 1000 of our Troops there, we could have presinors
and Scalps at will as the distance to the French and Indian Settlements
wou’d not be fatiguing for our partys, and perhaps when the Army
reaches that place our people will be more intent upon being of use to
their Country. I send Me Connel- and a pack horse that was lost when
the others went Down, he makes up the 21 which I wrote you I
hope by this time a number of the Troops are upon the Road, even the
Virginians confess that we can have a tolerable Road this way. Our
breast Work was finished last night, and now we are in a Situation of
mintaining our post against 500 or perhaps more, there has been some
Indians lately upon Lawrel hill as I found their marks going towards
their own Country. 6 or 7 of our Men are very sick some of Fevers
and some of Fluxes, and the thoughts of no Doc"' being neigh makes them
very uneasie. I expected to have heard from You before now, & till then
rests impetiently
Honoured Sir
Your most ob‘ Hb'® Servant
Geo. Armstrong
P.S. Our Indians only helps to Consume our small quantity of Provisions
I have 4 Pack Horses here that are unfit for service for want of Shoes,
Therefore wou’d be glad the first party that comes woud bring a quantity
of shoes and neals, and a hammer
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Armstrong 27^'' July
[Addressed] To Colonel Henry Bouquet Commanding his Majestys
Troops at Rays Town
* An extract from this letter is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 17. See page 271.
Loyalhanna.
- Possibly Neal McConnell of Burd’s company, second battalion of the Pennsylvania
Regiment.
284
28 July 1758
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 30, A. L. S.V
Camp at Fort Cumberland 28^^ July 1758.
Dear Sir
Your favour of Yesterday^ I had the pleasure of Receiving last Night.
I detained the Party till my Adjutants- Return from Rays Town /which
I hourl}" expected/ imagining something by him might arrive, that woud
require answering by it.
I have informd Capt“ Dagworthy of the Orders for his March, he will
depart therefore so soon as he can draw in his Men from the Grass Guard.
Inclosd is a return of the Tents wanting to compleat the first Virginia
Regiment, and I have desird CoP Byrd to send one for the Second
Regiment Also.
I shall agreable to your direction's send back the Waggons to Win-
chester; having received No Orders either from the General or Sir John®
to the Contrary
Forty Six of Col° Byrds Indians^ left this for their Nation Yesterday
Evening, after having received their Presents. I was much surprizd to
hear of a report spread, and prevailing in y?" Camp, that a Party of
Shawnese and Delawares were come into this place — there has not been
the most distant cause for such a report since I came here.
As I shall have the great satisfaction of seeing you to morrow, will till
then defer entering on the most material part of your Letter. In the
meantime I beg leave to Subscribe myself with great Sincerity
Dear Sir Y’' Most Obed* Serv*
G” Washington
A Return of Tents wanting to Compleat Five Company’s of the
pt Virg“ Reg’ at Fort Cumberland July 28*'^ 1758
Cap‘ Tho® Waggeners 9
Cap* Jn** M*^ neels 1
Cap* Henry Woodward 1
Cap* Rob^ M*’Kenzie 1
Total 12
The above are wFat, are absolutely wanted for the Non Commissiond
Officers and Soldiers at this place.
G° Washington
285
29 July 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet s handwriting^ Col. Washington 28^'* July,
a Return for tents
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 248-249,
^Bouquet to Washington, July 27, which see.
‘ Not identified.
° Sir John St. Clair.
‘ Cherokee.
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 164, A. L. S.]
Drounding Creek 29" July 1758.
Sir/
Last night Cap* Pattison* reached this place on his way towards
and informed me that the 4 Pack Horse men with 20 horses had not
come to Raystown before he left that, notwithstanding they set off from
hence on Wedensday morning last, I wrote you as minute an acc-- of
the road from Edmonds Swamp by them as I possibly cou’d, and shall
omit repeating it untill I hear from You whither they got safe. Yesterday
I sent You an Acc^ of the road from hence to Lo3ralhanlng where I
spent a good deal of time and hopes it may come safe to hand. The road
indeed will take a Good deal of Labour to make it fit for Wagons, not
from its hllljmess but also from the stoneyness & swampey places, how-
ever where briges are to be made there will be no difficulty to find Timber
for that purpose and the stones, which are in many Places of the road,
are in general loose and pretty easie removed. Ferguson^ is not the Man
who I can have any intelligence from with respect to the roads &c^ Old
Duning® is the person to be depended upon, and Brown® knows a Good
deal of the Ways I shou’d be extremely glad to have a stronger Work-
ing party to Errect what Works You think proper at Loj^alhanning, which
is absolutely a very proper and advantagious post for us, as by all acc*®
there will be no difficulty in the road from that, and it will be so easie
to send scouting party^’s towards the F. ForU &:c“ I hope this will be
agreeable to Your sentiments and that You will send a party" as soon
as possible with a Suitable quantity" of Provisions for that purpose upon
Pack Horses. This perhaps ma\r seem impertinant, but as these sugges-
tions Springs from an Anxiety’ for the Publick cause hopes You will be
kind enough to excuse anj" errors thaft] may inadvertanth" drop from
the Pen of
Honoured Sir,
Your most oblig’d and ver^- Humble Servant
Geo: Armstrong
286
30 July 1758
P. S. Our Indians eats the Divel and all of our provisions and talks of
going back if the following necessary's are not sent to them Viz: 4 Shirts
4 p'' Legins and Paint and Mockasons
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Armstrong 29-'' July
‘ Capt. James Patterson left Raystown for Fort Duquesne, July 27. See his Journal,
p. 327.
‘See Armstrong to Bouquet, July 26.
^ See Armstrong to Bouquet, July 27.
** Possibly Dugal Ferguson.
^ Probably James Dunning.
“This may have been James Brown, an Indian trader.
’French Fort Duquesne.
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 165, A. L. S.]
Drounding Creek 30" July 1758.
Honoured Sir/
I rec'? Yours by White^ late last night, and have sent White with a
party of 30 Alen and two Officers in order to mark the road &c“ over
Lawrell hill and wou’d had gone my self if there had been the least
necessity, The remainder of the Vlen are employ’d in Clearing about
save 7 or eight that are Sick.
What I dropt inadvertantly in a former letter to you in respect of
Surveying a Plantation was no more than a Jock, and wou’d be extremely
sorry to think You wou’d imagine I wou’d not spend my time and the
time of those that are with me as much for the Service as lay in my
power, as well by punctually obeying Your orders, as contriving any
thing myself that might be of future use.
The Surveying the road is a piece of Duty very agreeable to me but
as it can’t be done with the least exactness till the road is once Cut
(by reason of so many short windings that must be made from a line
that wou’d be survey’d, in order to chuse the best way for Waggons)
I shall omit it untill I receive Your further orders with regard to it. If
You think I shou’d do it please to order me a Chain or a Small himp
Cord two perches- long, as I find I have left my own at Carlisle. There
is a road^ that Striks off this road near Stoney Creek'^ and comes in near
the Clear fields-'" that is a few Miles nigher, but as it is very Swampey
and little or no Timber to brige it, I am of oppinion this will answere!
better, however I shall this day examine & weigh the Circumstances of
both and then take the best. I did not loss the Pack Horse, I only left
him near Smiths run® as he was not able to come farther even when the
31 July 1758
287
load was taken off him, Severals of the Soldiers knows the run, or Young
GarreY
I am Sir with great esteem
Your most oh- & very Hb-® Serv^
Geo. Armstrong
Colonel Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Armstrong 30^^* July
[Addressed] On his Majesty’s Service to Colonel Bouquet Commanding
his Alajesty’s Troops at Ray’s town
P Jeremiah Brandon
Soldier
William White, wagoner.
^ A perch is equal to 5 14 yards by statute, but varies locally.
®An Indian path now followed in general by the Lincoln Highway (U. S. 30) from
Kantner to Jennertown, Somerset County.
* Stony Creek, a branch of Quemahoning Creek, Somerset County, Penna. The paths
separated near Kantner on Stony Creek.
® Clearfields, later called Fort Dudgeon.
^ See Dunning’s Estimate, p. 279.
’^Possibly the son of Garret Pendergast, or Pendergrass, trader at Raystown.
®Not identified.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 112, A. C. S.]‘
Camp a Reas Town 31-‘ July 1758
Monsieur
J’ay retenu I’Expres qui m’a apporte vos Lettres du 25®^ pour
pouvoir vous rendre un Compte plus detaille du nouveau Chemin.
Vous verres par I’ExtraiY cy joint des Lettres du Adajor Armstrong
le Raport qu’il en fait; Tout paroit praticable, et meme facile, mais je
me defie trop des Observations d’un jeune homme Sans Experience pour
agir Sur Son jugement; J’ay done envoye le Col. Burd Rhor, et le Cap“®
Ward reconnoitre I’Allegheny, pour Examiner routes les difficultes, et me
mettre en Etat de determiner quel fond Ton pouvoit faire Sur, le Reste
des [leursjt decouvertes: Malheureusenff ils ont trouve les Choses bien
differentes, et cette Montague Sur laquelle ces A'less?'® passoient Si legere-
ment est pire que Seydeling Hill; et la montee beaucoup plus longue.
Ne jugeant pas qu’un Chemin pour Chariots put etre coupe dans cet
Escarpemf Sans un travail immense, ils chercherent le long de la Montague
General Forbes
t Stricken out.
288
31 July 1758
quelqu’autre Passage, et ils ont trouve a environ deux Miles au Nord
un Gap dont personne igy n’avoit la moindre Connoissance, vous en
verres la description dans le Raport de Rhor^ et Sa Carte.
II paroit qu’avec beaucoup de travail on pourroit y pratiquer un Chemin
beaucoup plus facile que I’autre; Reste a Scavoir quels obstacles restent
jusques a Loyal Hanning.
Sir John'* est arrive, je lui ai communique tout ce que je Scais Sur ce
Sujet, et il part aujourdhuy ou demain matin avec le Col. Burd, Rhor,
et 200 homes pour reconoitre ce Gap, et toute la Route jusques a Loyal
Hanning; II employera 6, ou 7 Jours a cette decouverte, et j’espere a
son Retour que vous pourres prendre un Party: Et afin de ne perdre
point de terns je feray commencer a travailler Si la Chose est praticable
Sans attendre vos ordres Je n’ay pas cru convenable de le faire jusqu’ a
present pour ne pas nous exposer aux Reflexions du Public en commen-
gant et abandonant des differentes Routes.
Je crois comme vous que vous ne pouves prendre pas Cumberland,
qu’apres avoir en votre Pouvoir de demontrer I’lmpossibilite de trouver
un autre Chemin, ou du moins Tlmpossibilite de I’ouvrir Sans risquer
I’Expedition, par une trop grande perte de terns.
Nous Sommes dans une cruelle Scituation, Si vous etes reduit a une
Seule Communication. II y a 64 miles de Cumberland a Gist,^ ou il n’y
a que trois Endroits qui puissent fournir asses de fourage pour I’armee,
Le reste [ne]t pourra Suffire pour une Seule nuit.
La Gelee qui commence Sur la fin d’ 8bre, detruit toute I’herbe, et
des Rivieres qui debordent au Printems coupent toute Communication.
J’ay eu une Entrevue avec le Col. Washington pour Scavoir comment il
imagine de Surmonter ces difficultes, Je n’ay rien apris de Satisfaisant;
La plupart de ces Mess^® ne connoissent pas la difference d’un Party et
d’une Armee, et trouvent facile tout ce qui flatte leurs Idees, sautant
par dessus toutes les difficultes.
Ce que j’aurois a vous dire la dessus ne pent etre discute dans une
Lettre, et la malheureuse affaire® du Nord, vous obligera peut etre de
prendre des mesures toutes differentes. Vous paries d’une marche hardie,
je crois qu’il est en votre pouvoir de la faire, et je vous proposerai mon
Idee de bouche. Il faudroit 1000 Chevaux de Bat. nous en aves 700. Le
reste Sur votre ordre pourroit etre achete Sans delay en Virginie et Mary-
land; Les Selles Seroient plus difficiles a pourvoir: Une Bagatelle peut
arreter une Armee aussi long terns que I’affaire la plus considerable: Le
Coquin qui a fait nos Selles ne les a point asses garnies, et presque tons
les Chevaux Sont arrives blesses a tel point qu’ils sont hors de Service
t Stricken out.
289
31 July 1758
pour 3 Semaines; Je les fais reparer et ajuster avec Soin: •{ Je leur
donnerai routes nos Peaux de moutons, qui ne Suffiront pas; Sans ces
Peaux, les Chev? Seront blesses.
Si nous ouvrons une nouvelle Route, nous n’avons pas asses de baches,
parce qu’elles cassent tres Souvent, et il y en a plus de 200 a Fort Frederic
avec d’autres outils qui doivent etre envoye icy incessamm- Je vous prie
d’en faire donner I’ordre, S’il ne Test pas deja.
Les Indians m’ont desole depuis la maudite visite de ceux de Cumber-
land. Ils en ont debauche 30, que je n’ay pu retenir par aucun argumens
ni Presens, J’eus bier ma derniere Conference avec Eux, ils persisterent
a S’en aller et je pris alors le Party de leur Souhaitter un bon Voyage,
et de leur offrir malgre leur defection, tout ce qui pouvoit leur manquer
in necessarys: Cela parut faire impression Sur Eux, et le Soir ayant eu
une fausse allarme, ils furent les premiers in Campagne: Je fus les remer-
cier a leur retour, et profitant de ce moment de bonne humeur, j’obtins
d’eux qu’ils resteroient jusques a votre arrivee, et ils vous envoyent un
de leurs Chefs un Mohawk/'’^ pour vous le dire, et Scavoir Si nous ne
les trompons pas la dessus. Je ne doute pas que nous ne les conservions;
Byrd a perdu 46 dessiens et vous etes aujourdhuy libre de prendre quelle
Route vous trouveres a propos. Sans encourir leur disgrace: Si vous aves
quelque Bagatelle a donner au Mohawk, Je vous le recomande, S41 est
content. Son Raport fera un bon Effet Sur le Reste. II n’y aucune
Consideration au Monde que le Bien public qui puisse faire Supporter
les desagreemens que Ton a eternellem* a essuyer de ces gens la
II est arrive un gros Convoy de provisions a Cumberland, et les Chariots
Sont retournes pour en amener un Second. Ils ont aporte 600 Bushells
de grain, et 11 y en a beaucoup a Pearsals qui arnvera a terns.
Nos fourages commencent a diminuer, mais nous pourrons encore avoir
de I’herbe pour 15 Jours en nous eloignant J’ay toujours renvoye les
Chariots au moment qu’ils ont ete repares, mais je Suis embarrasse ou
trouver un Endroit pour les Chevaux de I’artillerie que j’attens dans
une couple de Jours, II faudra qu'ils aillent a 3, ou 4 Miles, Sous une
forte garde.
Deux Comp**® de N. Caroline® arrlvent au Camp, reduites a 96, compris
une Infinite de malades, et nous aurons demam la 3^ de Cumberland
forte de 46 homes, Ils attendent des Recrues qu’il disent etre a Winchester.
J'attens avec impatience les nouvelles Levees pour former les 3 Batt.
de Pennsilvania: Leur Paymaster met tout en Confusion, en retenant
les Comissions des officiers de I’Etat Major, et laissant ces gens Sans
Paye.
M^ Glen Se porte bien, nous Somes tons bien inquiets Sur votre Sante.
C’est un cruel malheur dans une Circonstance aussi critique. Si nous
290 31 July 1758
Voeux y peuvent quelque Chose, vous Seres bientot en Etat de nous
joindre.
Un soldaC qui chassoit des Chevaux a ete attaque a 4 Miles du Camp
Sur le Chemin de Cumberland par 3 Indians, qui lui tirerent dessus;
come il avoir pin tout le Jour, leur fusils manquerent, il tira Sur Eux,
et croit d'en avoir tue tins Avant qu’il put recharger, Les deux autres
I’attaquerent avec leurs Couteaux, et Tomahawks. Il en renversa un d’un
Coup de Crosse, et Se colletant avec I’autre il le jetta par Terre et les
auroit assommes Si d’autres Indiens n'etoient venu avec de grands cris
a leur Secours; Il S’en fuit et courant tres vite, il a echape, avec 6 bles-
sures peu dangereuses.
Nos Indians^® Sont Sur la Piste, il paroit qu’ils cherchoient a faire
un Prisonier, ce qu’il est impossible de prevenir par la necessite de courir
a 3, et 4 miles dans les Bois pour chercher les Chevaux, n’y ayant plus
asses d’herbe. pour les tenir Sous une garde: Le peu qui reste aux Environs
etant reserve pour les Boeufs. Nous n’avons pas encore eu un home tue
ce qui me paroit fort extraordinaire.
Nous avons quelque Chose de pire que les Indiens, C’est la petite
Verole dans le Camp, nous le tenons aussi Secret qu’il est possible pour
prevenir la desertion, et Separons ceux qui en Sont attaques, c’est la 3®
attaque de cette maladie qui ne S’est jamais etendue, et m’a encore coute
qu’un home, il n’y en a que trois^^ malades a present.
Voila asses de facheuses nouvelles, je vous plains bien Sincerement;
vous me trouveres toujours egalem^ dispose a vous Seconder, et a prendre
Sur moy le plus que je pourray du fardeau.
Je Suis Sans reserve Mon Cher General
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Henry Bouquet
{Endorsedi Letter Col- Bouquet Raystown 31®* July 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp at Raystown, July 31, 1758.
Sir:
I have held the express who brought me your letters of the 25th,* so
that I might give you a more detailed account of the new road.
You will see by the enclosed extract^ from Major Armstrong’s letters
what report he has made. Everything seems practicable, and even easy,
but I distrust the observation of a young and inexperienced man too
much to act on his advice. I have therefore sent Colonel Burd, Rhor,
291
31 July 1758
and Captain Ward to reconnoiter the Allegheny, to make a survey of
all the difficulties, and to put me in a position to determine what reliance
could be given to the rest of the explorations. Unfortunately, they found
things very different, and that mountain over which these gentlemen
crossed so easily is worse than Sideling Hill and the climb much longer.
As they did not think a wagon road could be cut in this escarpment with-
out an immense amount of work, they searched along the mountain for
another pass, and found about two miles to the north a gap of which
no one here had the slightest knowledge. You will see a description of
it in Rhor’s report,^ and his map.
It appears that with a great deal of work a road much more satisfactory
than the other could be built there; it remains to be seen what obstacles
are left as far as Loyal Hannon.
Sir John^ has arrived. I informed him of all I knew on this subject,
and he leaves today or tomorrow morning with Colonel Burd, Rhor, and
200 men to reconnoiter this gap, and the whole route as far as Loj^al
Hannon. He will spend six or seven days in this reconnoitermg, and
I hope that on his return 3mu will be able to make a decision. In order
not to lose time, I shall have work started if the thing is practicable,
without waiting for ^mur orders. I did not think it suitable to do so up
to the present time, in order not to expose ourselves to the criticisms
of the public by beginning and abandoning different routes.
I think as \mu do that \mu cannot accept Cumberland until after 3'ou
have it in ^mur power to demonstrate the impossibility of finding another
road, or at least the Impossibility of opening it without risking the expe-
dition by too great a loss of time.
We are in a cruel situation, if 3’ou are reduced to a single communica-
tion. In the 64 miles from Cumberland to Gist’s,*’' there are only three
places which could furnish enough forage for the armt*. The rest will be
enough for onh' one night.
The frost, beginning about the end of October, destroys all the grass,
and the rivers overflowing in the spring cut off all communication.
I had an interview with Colonel Washington to find out how he
imagines these difficulties can be overcome. I learned nothing satisfactory*.
Most of these gentlemen do not know the difference between a party and
an army*, and find every thing easy* which agrees with their ideas, jump-
ing over all the difficulties.
What I could tell y*ou about this cannot be discussed in a letter, and
the unfortunate affair® in the north will perhaps oblige ymti to take very
different measures. You speak of a daring march. I think it is in ymur
power to make it, and I shall tell y*ou my* idea by word of mouth. A
thousand pack horses would be necessary*. We have 700. By* your order
292
31 July 1758
the rest could be bought without delay in Virginia and Maryland. The
saddles would be more difficult to procure. A trifle can stop an army
for as long as a very important matter. The rogue who made our saddles
did not fill them enough, and almost all the horses have arrived so saddle-
sore that they will be unfit for service for three weeks. I am having them
repaired and carefully adjusted. I shall give them all our sheepskins,
which will not be enough. Without these skins the horses will become
sore.
If we open a new route, we shall not have enough axes, because they
very often break; and there are more than 200 of them at Fort Frederic
with some other tools which ought to be sent here at once. I beg you
to have orders given to that effect, if you have not already done so.
I am in despair about the Indians since the accursed visit of those
from Cumberland. They enticed away 30 of them, whom I could not
hold by any arguments or presents. I had my last conference with them
yesterday. They insisted on going and I then decided to wish them a
pleasant trip, and to offer them^ — in spite of their disloyalty — all the
necessities they might not have. That seemed to make an impression on
them, and in the evening when there was a false alarm, they were the
first m the field. I sent them thanks on their return, and taking advantage
of this moment of good humor, I succeeded in getting them to remain
until your arrival; and they are sending you one of their chiefs (a Mo-
hawk)'^ to inform you and to find out if we are deceiving them on that
point. I have no doubt that we shall keep them; Byrd has lost 46 of his,
and you are at liberty today to take whatever course you think best,
without incurring their disfavor. If you have some little thing to give
the Mohawk,'^ I would advise it. If he is satisfied, his report will make
a good impression on the rest. There is no consideration in the world
other than the public good which could make one endure the unpleasant-
ness eternally encountered among those people.
A large convoy of provisions arrived at Cumberland, and the wagons
have gone back to bring another. They brought 600 bushels of grain, and
there is a great deal of it at Pearsals which will arrive in time.
Our forage is beginning to get scarcer, we may still have enough grass
for two weeks by going farther. I have always sent back the wagons as
soon as they were repaired, but I am puzzled about finding a place for
the artillery horses I am expecting in a couple of days. It will be neces-
sary for them to go three or four miles off, under a heavy guard.
Two North Carolina companies® are arriving at the camp, reduced to
96 men, including countless invalids; and tomorrow we shall have the
third from Cumberland 46 men strong. They are waiting for some recruits,
said to be at Winchester.
I am waiting impatiently for the new levies, in order to form the three
Pennsylvania battalions. Their pay master throws everything into con-
293
31 July 1758
fusion, by keeping back the commissions of the officers of the staff, and
feaving these men without pay.
Mr. Gfen is wefi. We are ail anxious about your health. It is a cruel
misfortune in such critical circumstances. If our prayers count for any-
thing, you will soon be in a condition to join us.
A soldier® hunting horses was attacked four miles from the camp on
the Cumberland road by three Indians, who aimed at him from above.
As it had rained all day, their guns failed to discharge. He shot at them,
and thinks he killed one of them. Before he could reload, the other two
attacked him with their knives and tomahawks. He knocked one down
with the butt of his rifle and, collaring the other, threw him to the ground
and would have beaten him to death if other Indians had not come to
his rescue with loud cries. He fled and, running very rapidly, he escaped
with six slight wounds.
Our Indians^® are on their trail. It appears that they were trying to
take a prisoner, which is impossible to prevent owing to the necessity of
going three or four miles into the woods to look for the horses, as there is
no longer enough grass to keep them under guard, the little remaining
nearby being reserved for the cattle. We haven’t yet had a man killed
which seems very remarkable to me.
We have something worse than the Indians. It is smallpox in the camp.
We are keeping it as much a secret as possible, to prevent desertion, and
are isolating those who have been attacked by it. This is the third out-
break of this malady which has never spread and has as yet cost me only
one man. There are only three^^ ill at present.
That is enough of this troublesome news. I sincerely pity you. You
will always And me equally ready to support you and to take upon myself
as much of the burden as I can.
I am without reserve. My dear General,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* Original not found.
^Probably the letter dated July 23 and finished July 25, which see.
^ See Major George Armstrong to Bouquet, July 25, 26, and 27.
^ See Rhor’s Report on Road, July 31. Map not found.
* Sir John St. Clair.
' Gist’s plantation, near present Mount Braddock, Fayette County, Penna.
* Abercromby’s unsuccessful attack on Fort Ticonderoga, July 8.
''Probably Nichas (Nickes Karaghcaghlalie) , Mohawk chief, w'ho was actively engaged
in promoting friendship with the English.
® Under command of Major Hugh Waddel.
“Michael Scully. Cf. Stephen to Washington, August 2, printed in Hamilton, Letters
to Washington, III, 8-9.
Under command of Ens. Colby Chew.
” Lieut. John Lawson and two soldiers, of the Virgina Regiment.
294
C. 31 July 1758
RHOR: REPORT ON ROAD^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216S8, f. 131, Df. S.]
[c. July 31, 1758]
The Distance from Rays Town to the Top of the Allegheny [to Rays
Townjt by the Old trading path is 1514 a Alile.
There is a number of hills all along, the path passes over several, wich
are quite practicable.
The Rigde of the Allegheny mountains where the Trading path Crosses
could not be cut for Waggons, [ unless ]t without an immense labour and
is full 3 quarters of a Mile in length, and very [shallow]! steep./, about
2 Miles E N E®*^ there is a Gap on the top wery narrow, [tho’]t with a
gradual ascent. Stony, but with a good deal of labour a Road might be
cutt./.
Att Nelsons" about 814 Miles from Rays Town a incampment may be
fixed [becase]t as there is a rock Bottom./, five [a half]! Miles and a
half further at the Eoot of the Allegheny [another may be found]! is a
place for another Incampt butt [there is]! indifferent Food, at the Top
there is hardly [a]! any
Charles Rohr /
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Ens" Rhor Report of the Alle-
gheny
t Stricken out.
^Probably enclosed with letter from Bouquet to Forbes, July 31, which see.
' Probably Joseph Nelson, Indian trader. He is recorded in the Pennsylvania Land
Office as a settler at Shawnee Cabins at that time.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 115, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle 31®*^ July 1758
Dear Sir
The General is so much indispos'd this day by takeing Phisick, that he
is not able to acknowledge the Receipt of your letter himselfe, and as he
thinks that no time should be lost in makeing of the new Road, he has
directed me to inform you, that you are immediately to begin the open-
ing of it agreable to the manner he wrote to you in his last letter,^ as
he sees all the advantages he can propose by going that Route, and will
avoid innumerable Inconveniencys he would encounter was he to go the
295
31 July 1758
other, he is at the same time extreamly supris'd at the partial disposi-
tion that appears m those Virginia Gentlemens sentiments, as their can
be no sort of Comparison between the two Routes, when you consider the
situation of the Troops now at Reastown, & that their is not the least rea-
son to expect, that we shall meet with any dificulties but what may be
easily surmounted, the Alleganey Mountains the General thinks is the
first thing to be well look’d after as he thinks your greatest dificulty will
be there. The 100 Carrying horses were all Reviewd and approv’d of by
S’" John S‘ Clair before that Captain Callender sent them from hence
which surprises the General to find that they are already so bad as
represented
As Captain Hay* is by this time arriv’d at Reastown, you will please
to order all the Men who have any knowledge of the great Gun® Exer-
cise, to practise dayly under his direction, that they may be employ’d in
that service when necessary.
The Express arriv’d here last night, with the letters that came to Phila-
delphia by the Post, but to the astonishment of the General, he has not
had scrape of a Pen from General Abercromby, or any of his Eamily
since their Misfortune. Captain Cunningham'* is sent to England m the
Packet with the accounts to the Ministry.
Major Proby® /who was kill’d/, commanded the Pickets who made the
first attack,® supported by the Grenadiers Commanded by Col: Haldiman
/Slightly Wounded/ then followed the Regulars in Corps, who ought to
have be Supported by the Provintials great blame laid upon the Rec-
onoiterers for their Reports M"" PrevosC is made Brigadier General and
at present Acting with General AbercrombJ^
I am with great regard Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Francis Halkett
Brigadier Major.
To Colonel Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] from General Forbes by Brigade
Major Halkett 3P* Jtdy Answered the 3*? Aug-®
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 161-162.
^Forbes to Bouquet, July 23, which see.
‘ Captain David May.
^ .'\rtillery.
‘ Capt. James Cunningham, commissioned, October, 1755, in the 45th Regiment.
'’Major James Proby, commissioned, December, 1755, in the 55th Regiment.
"First attack on Fort Ticonderoga was made on July 6, 1758.
’James Prevost, colonel commandant of the fourth battalion of the 60th Regiment.
^Bouquet to Forbes, August 3, which see.
296 C. July 1758
CALCULATION OF TRANSPORTATION FOR PROVISIONS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 127, N.]*
[Fort Frederick, c. July, 1758]
A Calculation’^ to show the Difference of Expence and
of time, in Conveying provisions to Fort Cumberland,
by water, and by waggons
1
2
The Waggons Employd in June 1757 were 29 days I
Irorn their Coming from their homes, till their Re- >
turn, at 15/ p"" day J
Provisions for a waggoner and Boy 29 days
None of them Carried more than 1400 w# which is
not above lOOOw+5 of Net Beeff, if they have that
Load, or 1200 w# Flouer, and is paying for Carriage
on beeff at the Rate of 47/10 PC^ and 31/8 PC- for
Flouer
21 — 15—0
2—3—6
23 — 18 — 6
4'he waggons m December 1757 were 22 days from ]
the time of their Coming from home to their Re- >
turn @ 15/ )
Provisions for a man and Boy 22 days
and IS 36/3 P.C. for Beeff and Nearly 26/ PC5 for
Flouer
The Cannoes Can go up and Come down in ten or
twelve days on an average, and Carry @5/3 PC^, or
at most 6/ PC5 with provisions for the Battoemen,
and there is a Considerable Saving in their Very pro-
visions, from the Difference of time and the Quantity
they Carry, in Comparison with the waggons
16-10-0
1 _ 13 _ 0
1 _ 13 _ 0
18 — 3
For the 13 Cannoes we have Lately Employd, Carry
32:500 weight at Once, and will not Require more then
30 Cannoemen, this weight would Require 24 waggons,
and from the long time they are on the Road and the
Large Convoys Required to Escorte waggons one third
of the provisions they Carry, is eat up in going and
Returning.
[Endorsed] Remarks on Difference of the Expence & time in Convey-
ing Provisions to Fort Cumberland by Water or Waggons
• A duplicate is in B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 129.
^This estimate, by David Ross, is mentioned by Washington in his letter to Bouquet,
August 2, which see.
AUGUST, 1758
1 General Stanwix and Colonel Bradstreet enroute up Mohawk River
with 5600 men, Stanwix to rebuild fort at Oneida Carrying Place,
Bradstreet to march against Fort Frontenac.
2 General Forbes orders Colonel Bouquet to open route across Allegheny
Mountain.
5 Pennsylvania Artillery arrives at Raystown.
6 Captain Posey and second company of Virginia artificers build
bridges on Cumberland-Raystown road.
7. Colonel Stephen and Virginians start work on road at Edmund’s
Swamp.
8. . Fifty Cherokee warriors desert from Raystown camp.
10 Cherokee deserters arrive at Fort Loudoun. Ourry holds conference.
News of defeat of French squadron enroute to Louisburg, by Sir
Edward Hawkes, at Basque Roads on April 3.
General Forbes dispatches Major Grant and two Flighland companies
to Raystown.
11 Colonel Bouquet sends messages to Delawares.
Sir John St. Clair starts redoubt at Shawnee Cabins.
Colonel Stephen’s troops start temporary storehouse at Kickena-
pauling’s Old Town.
12 Captain Bullitt and Virginians arrive at Edmund’s Swamp.
14 General Forbes and escort arrive at Shippensburg.
15 Captain McKenzie joins Sir John St. Clair at Allegheny Mountain
with detachment of Highlanders and supplies.
19 Captain Beall and Maryland troops arrive at Fort Cumberland, en-
route to Raystown.
23 Colonel Bouquet dispatches Colonel James Burd and troops to Loyal-
hanna to build fort, storehouse, and hospital.
Enemy kills Captains Bullen and Erench, Cataw'ba warriors, near
Fort Cumberland.
24 Sir John St. Clair arrests Colonel Stephen at Quemahoning camp, for
insubordination.
25 Colonel James Burd arrives at Fort Dewart with troops, and artillery
train.
27 Colonel Burd and troops arrive at Quemahoning.
30 Colonel Bouquet forwards news of capitulation of Louisburg on
July 26.
297
298
2 August 1758
Sir
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 33, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 2^ of August 1758.
Those matters we talkd of relative to the Roads, has since our parting
been the object of my closest attention: and so far am I from altering
my opinion, that the more time and attention I give thereto, the more I
am confirmd in it; as the validity of the Reasons for taking the old
Road appear in a stronger point of view. To enumerate the whole of
these Reasons woud be tedious: and to you who is become so much
Master of the Subject, unnecessary therefore, I will only briefly mention
a few which I conceive so obvious in themselves, as must to any un-
biass’d Mind, effectually remove what is objected to General Braddocks
Road, and urgd in favour of a Road to be opend from Rays Town.
Several Years ago the Virginians and Pensylvanians commencd a trade
with the Indians settled on the Ohio, and to remove the man}'’ Incon-
veniences a bad Road Subjected them to; they, after reitterated efforts
to discover where a good one might be made were found ineffectual, em-
ployd several of the most Intelligent Indians, who in the course of many
years hunting acquired a perfect knowledge of these Mountains to at-
tempt it, but these Indians after having taken the greatest pains to gain
the rewards then offerd for this discovery, declard the Path leading from
Will’s Creek was infinitely preferable to any that coud be made at any
other place, time and experience so clearly demonstrated this truth, that
the Pensylvania Traders commonly carried their Goods thither by Will’s
Creek, therefore the Ohio Company in 1753 at a considerable expence
opend a Road thither; — in 1754 the Troops I then had the hont to Com-
mand greatly repair’d it as far as Gist’s Plantation; and in 1755 it was
Aviden’d and compleated by General Braddock within 6 Miles of Fort
Duquesne: Consequently, a Road that has been so long opend — so well
repaird — and so often, must be much firmer and better than a new one,
allowing the ground to be originally, equally as good.
But supposing it was practicable to make a Road from Rays Town
quite as good as General Braddocks, I ask if we have time to do it.? Cer-
tainly not — surmounting the vast difficulties to be encounter’d, in mak-
ing it over such monstrous Mountains coverd with Woods and Rocks,
woud [take as]t require so much time as to blast our otherwise well
grounded hopes of striking the long wishd for, and important Stroke this
Season; and deferring it to another woud, I am morally certain, be pro-
ductive of the most destructive consequences to the Southern, and middle
Col° Bouquet.
+ Stricken out.
2 August 1758
299
Colonies; for they [have to] make a noble push towards ending those
Calamities under which they so long have groand; granted Supplies be-
yond their [abilities] — these funds will in a few Months be exhausted,
the [troops] of course disbanded— their inability and discouragement
[fr]om so great a disappointment, will prevent their attempting a [simi-
lar] effort against another Season; and experience evinces that [Expence]
and numbers, must be encreasd in proportion to our delays. [The] South-
ern Indians have from our bad Success and inacti[vities long] lookd
upon us in a despicable light, have already committed [atrocities] on our
Frontiers, and only wait the result of this Campaign [to unmask] them-
selves: which woud be such an acquisition to the [Enemy] as might ter-
minate in our destruction.
[The] favourable Accounts^ some give, of the [of the]t Forage on the
[Rays Town] Road being so much better than the other, is certainly [ex-
aggerated]— greatly — as every unprejudiced Person who are acquain[ted
with] both, agree that the only difference between the Alountains [here
and] there is, that those are more inaccessable, and it is well knowm
[that] both the rich Valleys betw'een the Alountains abounds wdth [food],
and that those that are Stony and brushy are destitute. [Burd] and the
Engineer^ who accompanied him confirm this [and] surely the Meadows
on this Road woud greatly over[balance] the advantage of having Grass
to the Foot of the Ridge /on this [side the] Mountain/ on the Raj’s Towm
Road: and all agree that a [more barren] Road is no where to be found
than from Rays Town to the [Inhabitants], which is likewdse to be con-
siderd with the badness [of the Road].
The other Principal objection made to General Braddocks Road [is
that of] the Waters to pass — but these very rarely Swell so much [as to
obstruct] the Passage. The Yaughyaughgane^ which is the most [rapid
and] soonest filld, I wdth a Body of Troops, have cross’d after [30 odd
days] almost constant Rain. In fine, any difficulties that [may arise]
therefrom are so trivial, that they are really not worth [mentioning].
The Monongahela, the largest of all these Rivers [may if] necessary, be
easily avoided /as M'' Fraser/ the principal [guide] informs me, by
passing a Defile, which I cannot conceive [as bad] as commonly repre-
sented; but even that he tells [me, may] be shunned.
It is said again, that there are many Defile’s on this Road — I grant there
are some, but know of none that cannot be traversd if found necessary;
and, I shoud be glad to know wTere a Road can be had over these Moun-
tains not subject to this Inconvenience — unless they keep the hights al-
ways, and that is impracticable.
The Shortness of the Road from Rays Town to Fort Duquesne by
Loyalhanny, is usd as an Argument in disfavour of this Road; and bears
t Stricken out
300
2 August 1758
something in it, unaccountable to me; for I must beg leave to ask here, if
it requires more time, or is it more difficult and expensive to go 145 Miles
in a good Road already made to our hands, or to cut a Road 100 Miles
in length, great part of which, over almost inaccessable Mountains — and —
to say, or think, we can do nothing more this Fall than to fortifie some
Post on the other side of the Mountains, and prepare against another
Campaigne I must pray Heaven — most fervantly — to Avert: till we find
it impracticable at least to prosecute with prudence the Enterprise in
hand. We have yet time enough to transport Provisions to last the Siege,
and to Support the Troops that may Winter there, as I shall endeavour
hereafter to shew — at any rate, it never can be an argument for opening
the other Road at this time, because supposing we are not able to do
[any]t more than construct a Post on t’other side the Mountains — that
Post undoubtedly shoud be on a Road that has the easiest and nearest
communication with the Settlements, where supplies are to be drawn
from; for to say nothing of the great advantage of Water Carriage this
way, which [has]t certainly is immense /as you will find by Docf Ross’s'*
Estimation that you shewd me/ or of the infinite odds in the goodness
of the Roads, which is very evident to all who have traveld both — either
from the Inhabitants to the advancd Posts, or from the advancd Posts
to Fort Duquesne. I say, to put these Reasons aside /altho they ought
to have their due weight/ yet this y</zy, as being so much nearer the
Settlements has much the advantage. That it is nearer Winchester in
Virginia, and Fort Frederick in Maryland, by many Miles are incon-
testable Facts; and I here shew the difference of y® two Roads to Carlyle;
by giving you the distance of the different Stages; some of which I have
from Information only, but believe them to be just.
From Carlyle to Fort Duquesne
by Rays Town
Miles
From Carlyle to Shippensburg 21
From Shippens^ to F* Loudoun 24
From F* Loudoun to F* Lyt-
tleton 20
From F* Littleton to Juneatta
Xing° 14
From Juneatta to Rays Town 14
93
From Raj^s Town to F‘ Du-
quesne 100
From Carlyle to F* Duquesne
by Forts Fred"? and Cumberland
Miles
From Carlyle to Shippens" . 21
From Shippens^ to Chamber’s 12
From Chambers’s to Paulins®. 12
From Paulins to F^ Frederick 12
From F? Fred*? to F^^ Cumber-
land 40
97
From F^ Climb*? to F? Du-
quesne 115
193
212
t Stricken out.
2 August 1758
301
By this Computation there appears to be a difference of 19 Miles only;
were all the Supplies obligd to come from Carlyle it is well known that
the goodness of this Road is a sufficient compensation for the Shortness
of the other, as the wreckd & broken Waggons there, clearly demonstrate.
I shall next give you my Reason’s against dividing the Army in the
manner you propose — and after that, endeavour to shew how the Grass
on the other Road can be made proper use of.
First then, by dividing our Army we divide our Strength, and by pur-
suing quite distinct Routs put it entirely out of the power of each Divi-
sion to succour the other; as the proposed new Road, has no Communi-
cation with the old — Secondly — to March in this manner will be attended
with many Inconveniences; as first if we depart from our advancd Posts
at the same time, and make no deposits by the way, those Troops who
go from Rays Town /as they will be light, having carrying Horses only
will arrive at Fort Duquesne long before the others; and must if the
Enemy are strong there, be exposd possibly to many insults in their In-
trenchments from the Cannon of the Enemy, which they may draw out
upon them at pleasure: if they are not strong enough to do this to that
Division, we have but little to apprehend from them, go which way, — or
how we will — Thirdly, if that Division that Escorts the Convoy is per-
mitted to March first, we risk our all in a manner, & are Ruind if any
accident happens to the Artillery — to the Store &:c“ and lastly, if we ad-
vance on both Roads by Deposites we must double our number of Troops
over the Mountains, and distress ourselves by victualling of them in these
Deposites; besides loosing the proposd advantage, that of stealing a
March — for we cannot [suppose] the French, who have their Scouts
const ' ntly out, can be so difficient in point of Intelligence, as to be unac-
quainted with our Motions when we are advancing by slow degrees
towards them.
Now Sir, the Advantage I would propose to make of the Forage along
the other Path is, to support all the Carrying Idorses that can possibly be
collected, and sent that way after we are fortunate enough to lye before
Fort Duquesne — here not only the carrying Horses that were usd out as
such, but Officers Horses, and even the Waggon Horses also, may be em-
ployd in this Service /if Saddles or Packs are provided in the meantime
at Rays Town for them to return with.
Great advantages may be derivd from such a measure, because as the
Food on the old Road woud be entirely eaten up going, and the Horses
get weak, it woud be impossible, that the Waggons coud return for an-
other Convoy; tho’ the Horses might nevertheless be in a Condition to
come down light — along a Road abounding with Food, and be able to
carry up another Convoy giving them two or three days rest at the most
convenient feeding places — by this means the Waggon Horses woud be
302
2 August 1758
easd of the fatigue of bringing down even the Empty Waggons, which
is something along a road strip’d of the Food. In the Condition the
Horses by this time may supposd to be, they will, I conceive, carry near,
or quite as much weight on their backs as they coud draw in a Waggon.
From what has been said relative to the two Roads, it appears I think
very clearly, that the old one is infinitely better than the other can be
made — and, that there is no room to hesitate a moment which to take,
when we consider the advancd Season, and little time left to execute our
Plan in. I shall therefore in the last place offer /as desird/ my Sentiments
on advancing by deposites; the first of which I shoud have been for getting
at the little Meadows woud time have permitted, but, as the case now
stands, I suppose at the great crossing or great Meadows our first must
be formd. The great crossing I esteem the most advantagious Post on
Several Accounts, especially that of Water, & security of the Passage:
but then it does not abound in Food as the g*^ Meadows, nor has not so
much level Land about it fit for culture.
To this latter place a body of 1500 Men may March with 300 Waggons
or Carrying Horses /which woud be much better/ equivalent, allow each
Waggon to carry 800 lbs of flour, and 400 of Salt Meat you carry 40 days
Provisions of the former and 20 of the latter for 6000 Men; besides your
live Cattle, any number of which might, but ought not to be carried for
these two Reasons — first, they woud destroy your Pasturage — and next —
you Men being employd at work, you would have none to attend, or
Guard them. Your next Convoy which I suppose to consist of 500 Provi-
sion Waggon’s and all the Army; will, at the above rate, carry 66 days
Provisions of Flour and 33 of Salt Flesh, besides 6 days which the Men
may carry on their backs; as it is supposd the 1500 are to do also, so that
you have at the Meadows according to this Calculation, 113 days Flour
and 56 Salt Meat, deducting the daily Consumption. Now, to accomplish
this in, I allow 26 days; viz, to the great Meadows 8 — to unload and re-
turn in 6; — Then I allow the Army 12 days more to prepare and arrive
in; by which time I apprehend our Works may be finished, and the whole
ready to proceed.
Our next Deposite probably will be at Salt Lick,'^ about 35 Allies from
the Meadows — to this place I conceive it necessary to send 2500 Men to
construct some Post; taking 6 days Provisions only, which is sufficient
to serve them till the Convoy comes up; against which time I suppose an
Intrenchd Camp, or some other kind of defensable Work may be ef-
fected— and from hence I conceive it highly expedient to Detach 3 or 4000
of the best Troops to Invest the place, and prevent if possible an Ingage-
ment in the Woods which of all things ought to be avoided. The Artillery
& Stores may be up from Salt Lick in four days, and from that time I
will allow 18 days more for the Carrying Horses to perform a Trip to
Rays Town for Provisions; passing along the old Path by Loyalhanny;
2 August 1758
303
in this time they may do it; as the Horses will go down light; but what
quantity of Provisions they can bring up I cannot say, that depending
upon the Number of Horses fitted out with Saddles &c^
From this State of the matter /which is really a candid one/, and from
my Calculations, in which large allowances are made for the quantity of
Provisions, as well as for the time of transporting them; it appears, that
from the time the Front Division begins its March from Hence, till the
whole army gets before Fort Duquesne is 34 days, at which time there
will be 87 days Provisions on hand, allowing for the Consumption on the
March; and that 18 days added to this, make 52 in all; which is required
for our Operation’s and these ought to be finishd if possible by the middle
of October.
I have offerd nothing but what to me appears beyond a probability:
I have nothing to fear but for the general Service, and no hopes but the
advantages it will derive from the Success of our Operations; therefore
cannot be supposd to have any private Interest, or Sinister views, by any
freedom my Regard for the benefit of the Service on this occasion, has
Indued me to use.
I am with very great respect Sir
Y'' most Obed* H*’*® Serv^
Col. Bouquet.
G® W.A.S KINGTON
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Washington upon the Roads
2^ of August
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 252-260.
^ See Extract of Ward’s Journal, p. 255.
^ Ens. Charles Rhor. See Bouquet to Forbes, July 26.
® Youghiogheny River.
‘ Dr. David Ross. See his Calculation for Transportation of Provisions, p. 296.
'Juniata Crossings.
'Henrj' Paulin’s.
’Two miles southeast of New Stanton, Westmoreland County. Here Braddock’s army
had camped.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 119, L. S.]‘
Sir.
Carlisle Aug'‘ 2'^ [1758]
Yesterday and no sooner, I receiv’d a letter^ from Gen” Abercromby,
with a tollerable confused acco“ of what happend at Tienderoga the b***
and 8”" of Last month, without comming to the Conclusion that I wanted,
C: Bouquet
304
2 August 1758
which was to know what he proposed now to do, or what assistance he
might want from me by way of Diversion, or what Diversion he was now
to make to prevent the Ennemy, Sending of reinforcements or Detatch-
ments this way. To all which he says nothing, only that he desires me to
be much upon my Guard, having heard that the Ennemy had already
detatched this way and that some time ago.
That he had sent Brig‘’ Gen'' Stanwix with 5600 Men up the Mohawk
river, with 2000 of which he is to rebuild the Fort- that Gen" Webb^ de-
stroyed at the Oneyda Carrying place, and that L* CoE Bradstreet was to
command the 3600 men, to endeavour to attack Fort Cataraqui,'* or
prevent Mon’' Levy’’ with a large body of troops from penetrating this
way or falling upon the Mohawk river, or if he could not do that to fall
upon Mons’’ Levy m his return after perhaps having baffled me, and
chaced away M"' Stanwix. This is the whole, which is really saying
nothing, far less doing any thing to the purpose. And as to himself he
says nothing only he is encamped where Fort Will'!’ Henr}'® was, where
I suppose he will rebuild the Fort.
In short my Dear Sir they take hut very little Care about us, so wee
must double our diligence, and try to do a little for ourselves. I would
not be understood that as things are circumstanced, wee ought to Run
the risque of meeting with a severe repulse, by any precipitate march
or Comming immediatly to blows with the Ennemy, or by a tardy ap-
proach give the Ennemy the time to strengthen themselves, and so to
render our attempts. Impracticable At present (I am sorry to say it)
In spite of all the Endeavours wee have used. Wee have not yet been
able to learn almost anything with regard to Fort du Quesne or the En-
nemys Strength there now, or what reinforcements they expect, and at
what time, so untill something of this matter be cleared up and ascer-
tained, Wee are like people in the Dark, perhaps going head long to De-
struction, So for our own sakes fresh tentatives must be tryed, for fresh
Intelligence.
I was thoroughly convinced that our late meeting' with the Indians at
Philadelphia would have produced very good effects, if this unfortunate
affair of Gen" Abercrombys, does not make them change opinions, or
make them at least to dela}^ entering into our Confederacy. Bee that as
it will, wee must try to know their Intentions, by sending some small
party among the Chieff men upon Beaver creek,® who have lately an-
swerd" the messages'^*' w'ee sent them, by assuring us that they were
heartely weary of the warr and would be very glad of a peace, and that
they would willingly return to their old habitations. This was the answer
of Newcoma,^^ Kustologa^^ Kukyusenny^® & Pisquitomin^'^ the heads of the
Delawares, and all living upon the Beaver creek, so there can not be any
danger in sending there, nor a great deal in sending such another party
2 August 1758
305
above fort du quesne towards Vinango,^^ where wee might learn what re-
inforcements the french have lately had &: what new' works or Intrench-
ments they have lately carried on at their Fort.
I am told that CoF Burd has one Indian^*" with him who w^^ he a proper
person to employ, and that there is one Ensign Crawford^’ who speaks all
the Indian Languages would likewise be proper, hut as I think no time
should be lost in doing this and as Cap* Calendar and 1\L Frazier** knows
the proper people I have sent him with this up to you, and as he has
bought and Contracted for the Bats horses, he will be able to answer
what questions you may ask him, but I objected to both horses and Sad-
dles, at first. And S‘'' John*® promised me to see the Saddles mended and
fitted, which I think ought to be done before payed for.
I made Halkett write®® you the other day when I really was unable
myself — he told you my opinion of the Laurrell Hill road, and that I
thought it ought to be sett about directly, as it is good to have two Strings
to one Bow.
I have been made small apprehension as to Forrage for horses, for which
purpose I have orderd all the justices of peace to order the parishes to
send in their forrage, to be payed at the current price of the Country, k
to bring it to the places upon our route most contiguous to them. I have
desired M* S* clair®* to transmitt Copys®® of my letters to the Justices,
to S‘‘' John.
As you have Scythes and Sickles might not 3’ou cause make Hay all
arround j ou &: along the new road as the\' proceed.
I have been tormented da\' and night these 14 Dat’s with what the}' call
a Flux, and what I call A Violent Constipation. I hope I shall now gett
the better of it altho I neither eat nor sleep. However as my out partvs
has now almost brought in all the Rye and oats in this country, and
that the 80 Highlanders have now joined us, I shall begin and move up
the Country in 2 or 3 days at farthest, altho I dare say my presence is
no ways necessary where you have the Command.
I salute my Coz: Glen, tell him not to weary, and make the place as
agreeable to him as it will admit off.
Archie®* has gott the Flux it is a general Distemper here, owing to the
Lime Water. I hope your working and scouting partys, keep you free
from it. If ane hospitall is wanted Doctor Mdean®* ought to open one,
for that distemper is particularly infectious. So prat' make the Houses of
Office be filled up every other day and all kept sweet & Clean.
I am My D'' S'*
Y* most ob* hum’® Serv*
Jo: Forbes
306
2 August 1758
Pray keep strickt patrouilles-® and a Constant good look out. nor do I
suppose but your Piquets are au Bivouac
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Gen? Forbes Aug. 2*?
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 164-166.
^Abercromby to Forbes, July 18, 1758, AB, 453, C., or July 23, 1758, .AB, 465, C.
"A small tort erected in 1756 by Major Charles Craven of the 51st Regiment. General
Vv ebb’s unauthorized order for destruction of the fort, on his arrival at the Carrying
Place in August, 1757, was due to its unfinished condition, and rumors of a French
invasion from Ticonderoga.
® Col. Daniel Webb, commissioned in 48th Regiment, November, 1755, ranked as
Major General in North America,
‘French Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario. Loudoun’s instructions to Bradstreet,
January 25, 1758 (LO, 5460, A. Df., printed in James, Writings of General John
Forbes, 31-37), regarding expedition against this fort, culminated in its capture in
August, 1758.
^Frangois Gaston Levis (1720-1787), a French general with Montcalm’s army.
® This fort was captured by Montcalm in August, 1757.
’’ See Indian Conference, July 11-12, p. 187. Minutes of conferences, July 6-12, printed
in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 456-469.
®A northern tributary of the Ohio River, flowing through western Pennsylvania.
°Orndt to Denny, July 24, 1758, printed in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 490-491.
'"Frederick Post’s Report, June, 1758, printed in Col. Rees., VIII, 142-145.
"New Comer or Netawatwees (c. 1677-1776), head chief of the Unami or Turtle
Clan, one of the signers of the Conestoga Treaty in 1718, and participant in many
of the Indian conferences.
" Custaloga or Casteogain, chief of the Munsee or Wolf Clan, with his principal
residence at Custaloga’s Town on French Creek, about 12 miles above its mouth,
and others at Venango (Franklin) and Cussewago (Meadville).
“ Kikyuskung, a Delaware chief. Not to be confused with Tedyuskung.
" Pisquetomen, a Delaware Indian, and brother of Shingas and King Beaver.
He attended many of the peace conferences, and played an important part in the
protection of Frederick Post on his mission to the Ohio Indians in 1758.
“Venango (Franklin), site of French Fort Machault.
“Probably Kissity, or Ogaghradarisha, an Onondaga chief who was with Burd at
Fort Augusta in 1757.
" Ens. Hugh Crawford, Indian trader, commissioned, March 11, 1758, in the first
battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Probably John Fraser, the Indian trader.
“ Sir John St. Clair.
^ See Halkett to Bouquet, July 31.
" Capt. James Sinclair.
Not found.
“"Col. Archibald Montgomery.
^ Dr. Lauchlin MacLeane, surgeon with the First Highland Battalion, under Col.
Montgomery.
“patrols.”
2 August 1758
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 169, A. L. S.]
307
Drownding Creek 2'’ August 1758
Sir/
I have set the Men to open the road in both sides of the Creek with
what few Tools we have. Our Provisions are almost out, we have only
what Elour will do us at half allowance for two Days and no meat for
today, we had not Stilards^ so cou'd not divide them with so much exact-
ness besides we did not Calculate for the Indians who eat more than ten
of our Men, They set off this evening by whome I send this Letter and
are in such an ill burner that I can hardly get them to wait for this
I am S''
Your most oh' Elble Servl
Geo Armstrong
P. S. Two of our Alen is not expected to live and several others very bad.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handivriting] Major Armstrong by favour of
the Indian King 2^ August
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding his Majesty's Troops at
Ra3^'s Town
P favour of the Indian King j
' Steelyards.
Dear Sir
HALKETT TO BOL^QUET
[B. M., .\dd. MSS. 21640, f. 117, L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle 2*^ August 1758
As the General recovers but slowle\", & has frequent Returns of his most
painfull simptoms, he desires that you wall order Lieu- James Grant^ of
the Highland Regiment, whom the General has a confidence in as a Sur-
geon, to set out immediately for this place, under an escort of the Light
horse, and to wait upon Major Grant- upon his comeing here; to prevent
an^’ kind of allarm Avhich their is no Reason for/ you will keep all this
308
2 August 1758
from M'' Gien, & the Troops with you, as this is only done for the satisfac-
tion of the Genera!, & at the desire of Doctor Russell.^
I am
Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Francis Halkett
PS
You Will send the express back with M?" Grant, whom you will desire
to loose no time in comemg. The General has nothing to say to you, as
he wrote^ this day by Captain Callender you will please to furnish
Grant with what ever will be necessary to expedite him
\Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Major Flalkett 2”^’ Aug.
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding at Reas town
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 163.
^Probably Lieut. James Grant of the 42nd Regiment, commissioned in January, 1756,
who attended Forbes as physician during his illness.
"Major James Grant.
^ Dr. William Russell, sub-director of the General Hospital.
* See Forbes to Bouquet, August 2.
TULLEKEN^ TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 167, A. L. S.]
Albany Aug‘ 2'’ 1758.
Dear Sir.
If I had been able to write, you should have had a line from me before
now, but to tell you truth I write with so much pain to myself that you
must excuse me;
Our affair- of the eight of July I shou’d have given you a full account
of, had I had the use of my arm, but I flatter myself that your friends
Colonel Elaldiman and B. Munster^ have done as much;
Inclosed I send you a return^ of those six Companies, our loss has not
been so great in men as officers, off all the officers I had at the attack but
two escaped being wounded Lieffi® Potts® and Ralp** and they were de-
tached from me with the Grenadiers. Poor Cap^ Forbes’^ and Davies*
killed;
off Five Colonels who were at the attack two were kill’d. And of six
Majors /Maj'’ Alassey was not there/ two were kill’d and Four wounded.
Maj'' Campbell*^ is since dead of his wounds. As to myself I am [shotjt
wounded in the right shoulder, the ball so deep in my body that hithertoo
I Stricken out.
2 August 1758
309
there is no finding it. Yet do I eat heart’Iy, drink moderately, sleep
soundly, and am in good spirits, and I hope before the end of the month
to be able to take the field again;
Major Massey^® of the 27-*' Regm- is made L- Colonel of the 46**“
Major Eyres** of the 44“* is Lieu* Colonel to the 55*‘‘ Regm^
Captain Gordon*- of the 27*** is Major to the 27***
Captain Gordon Grahm*^ of 42'* is Major to the 42'*
Captain Beckworth** of 44*** is Maj^' to the 44***
Captain West*** of the 55*** is Major to the 55***
Captain B. Munster is Major to the 4*** Batt"
Captain Sloosser*® has got Captain Munsters Company
Lieuten* M*? Clean** is Cap* Lieuten^ m our Batt"
And L* M? Bane*® is Cap^ Lieuten^ in the 4*** Batt**
And they have made my boy Bailly*** a Lieutenant, which I think a
hardship on some people with you. But I find the have no Considera-
tions to any body but those present, as I hear the have made one or
two Ensigns Lieuten*'* of the 4*** Batt'* who were younger than one or
two thats with you. Serjeant Monin-** of the Grenadier Company Colo-
nel Haldiman has got an Ensigncy for in the 4**' Batt**;
General Stanwi.x is gone up the German flatts-* as far as the Omda
carrying place-- where he is to build a Lort,-® he has with him about
Live Thousand Provincials. But I find that Lieu^ Colonel Bradstreet-*
is to have Lour Thousand of them, and goes upon an Expedition as far
or farther than Oswego. But no body here has any hopes from it;
Our army with General Abercrombie to the amount of about Eight
Thousand are entrench’d at Lake George where Lort Will"* Henry-*
[wasjt stood, some very strong Parties of ours have been cutt of lately
between Port Edward-** and the Camp, in fine I am sorry to tell you that
People are very uneasy, at what has happen’d, and at what happens dally,
as well the Military as the Country spake very freely. And there is no
stoping all mouths, I am sorry for it. But I foresee that the Consiquence
will by and by be bad enough on some people;
I beg my best respects to Colonel Mongomery-* Majors Grant-® and
Campble-** and to all my friends and acquaintances of both Corps, I sin-
cerely wish you better success than wee have had, and hope with all my
heart that things may turn out with you to your satisfation and happiness.
I beg you will do me the honour to believe me,
Dear Sir,
Your very sincere friend
very obedient and very hum***" Servant
Jn*? Tulleken
t Stricken out.
310
2 August 1758
I must hope that you will write a line to Stanwix to get the Batt" to-
gether this Winter, some where in Pensilvania, as otherwise wee shall be
in a very bad way. By a letter I had lately from the Lake I find there is
some people think wee are to be left up that damn’d Country this Winter,
if so, the Batt° is ruin’d;
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvritin.g] Major Tulleken 2^ of Aug^
^ Major John Tulleken received his captain’s commission in the 62nd (later 60th)
Regiment, in December, 1755. As eldest captain he was promoted to rank of major
on captain’s pay, in April, 1757, and transferred to the 45th Regiment in 1760.
“Unsuccessful attack on Fort Ticonderoga.
“ Herbert Munster, commissioned captain in the 62nd Regiment, and raised to rank
of major in July, 1758.
^ Not found.
^ Lieut. William Potts, appointed to 60th Regiment in May, 1757.
® Probably Lieut. James Ralfe, commissioned, May, 1757, in the 60th Regiment.
“This may have been Charles Forbes who received his commission as captain lieu-
tenant in the 60th Regiment in March, 1758. Cf. Pa. Arch., Series S, I, 239-240.
® Possibly Lieutenant Michael Davis, commissioned as ensign in the 62nd Regiment
in January, 1756, and promoted to rank of lieutenant in the 60th in May, 1757.
Ibid.
“Major Duncan Campbell, commissioned in 42nd or Highland Regiment, in December,
1755.
Major Eyre Massey, first baron Clarina, commissioned, December, 1755, and pro-
moted to lieutenant colonel in July, 1758.
’'Major William Eyre commissioned in July, 1758.
’“Archibald Gordon, who received captain’s commission in 42nd Regiment, was later
transferred to 27th and promoted to rank of major in July, 1758.
’’Gordon Graham, promoted to rank of major in July, 1758.
’’ John Beckwith, promoted to rank of major in July, 1758.
’’Honorable George West, received captain’s commission in 5Sth Regiment, November
1755, and was promoted to rank of major, July, 1758.
“Capt. John Joseph Schlosser of 60th Regiment, commissioned in January, 1758.
’’Probably Allan MacLean, commissioned lieutenant in 62nd Regiment, January, 1756.
Presumably a relative of Sir Allan MacLean.
’’Lieut. Alexander McBean, commissioned in 62nd Regiment, January, 1756, and
promoted to rank of captain lieutenant in 60th Regiment, July, 1758.
^ Probably Alexander Baillie, commissioned as ensign in 60th Regiment, December,
1756, and promoted to rank of lieutenant, July, 1758.
“Ranked as ensign in 60th Regiment, July, 1758. No further identification.
German settlement on Mohawk River, near present site of Herkimer, in Herkimer
County, New York.
“ At the head of the Mohawk River.
“ Fort Stanwix.
“’Lieut. Col. John Bradstreet (c. 1711-1774), promoted from captain to lieutenant
colonel of 60th Regiment in December, 1757, which title he had held, unofficially,
since 1755.
“Erected in 1755 at the southern point of Lake George; the beginning of the Great
Carrying Place between the lake and the Hudson River.
“Erected in 1755 at the Great Carrying Place, on the Hudson River, about 15 miles
south of Lake George, present site of Fort Edward, New York.
” Col. Archibald Montgomery.
“Maior James Grant (1720-1806) of the 77th Regiment, commissioned in January,
1757,
“Major Alexander Campbell, commissioned in 77th Regiment, January, 1757.
3 August 1758
311
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21640, f. 121, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 3^ August 1758
Monsieur
J’ay receu ce matin par la Lettre du Major Halkett du 3U Juillet/ vos
ordres pour faire ouvrir incessamm^ la Route d’icy au travers des Mon-
tagues: Je craignois de rencontrer au Passage de I’Allegheny les diffi-
cultes dont je vous ai rendue Compte dans ma derniere Lettre,^ mais le
Col. Burd qui arrive dans ce moment raporte que le nouveau Gap® est
praticable et qu’en Six Jours 500 homes y pourront faire un Chemin pour
les Chariots. II a accompagne Sir John^ jusques a Edmund’s Swamp;®
Le Somet de la Montague est plat avec de bonnes Sources d’Eau, et
asses d’herbe et de Locus pour un Simple Passage.
Sir John continue Sa Route jusqu'a Loyal Hanning, et m'a fait dire
par un homme du party d’Armstrong® qu’il a rencontre que le Chemin
continuoit d’etre bon, et Sans obstacles.
J’employeray les 200 haches que nous avons icy, et les autres outils
necessaires, et j’espere dans 5, ou 6 Jours d’ouvrir le Chemin jusqu’au Gap
oil Sera le plus rude travail.
Le party d’Armstrong a commence a couper, et le Charretier White'^ a
marque la descente de I’autre cotee de Lawrell Hill qui est extremement
rapide, et Pierreuse.
Si nous avions plus de haches, nous pourrions aller plus vite, mais nous
n’en avons jamais eu asses Seulement pour batir le Fort, et ouvrir le camp.
J’ay trouve a 4, et 5 Miles du Camp du cote du West asses d’herbe pour
nourrir quinze Jours les Chevaux de I’artillerie et nos Boeufs, et les feray
couvrir par un fort detachem*
Les cinq Cherokees qui etoient en Party revinrent hier en 7 Jours par
la Route de Cumberland, et raportent que le Jour qu’ils ont laisse le Fort,
ils y ont vu arriver environ Cent Indiens partie en Canots;® mais ils n’ont
aperceu aucune Tentes ni Troupes® autour de Fort.^® Les Frangois ne
Sortent plus et ils n’ont vu hors de la Place qu’une femme qui lavoit dans
la Riviere, et trop pres du Fort pour pouvoir la tuer.
Je vous confirme avec Plaisir que nos 70‘ Indiens sont de tres bonne
humeur, et plus attaches a nous que jamais, ceux de Cumberland ne les
debaucheront plus, Le pauvre Col. Bj^rd n’en a pas garde un Seul, et ces
Coquins volent, et font des Prisoniers Sur les frontiHes de Virginie.
L’artillerie n’arrivera que dans deux Jours. S'ils marchent toujours de ce
train la,^^ La Saison Sera passee.
General Forbes
312 3 August 1758
Le Cap'-® Ilay^- trouvera igy 50 homes choisis dresses au service de
I’artillerie.
La plupart des Chevaux de Bat font horreur: J’ay apointe un Officier
pour les faire panser chacjue Jour. Je Souhaitte que Callendar^^ puisse
en venir prendre la direction, et employe’^^ des gens qui en prenent Soin:'
Je renvoyeray pour charger ceux qui ne Sont pas blesses: II y a deja 200
Selles reparees.
Les 1 roupes de N. Caroline^’’ font pitie, et manquent de Sante, d’habits,
d’armes & de tout. Je n'ay rien vu de si miserable: Je crois qu’ils ne
Sont bons qu’a^*' garder un Fort. Cedes de Maryland valent mieux.^'^ Je
leur ai donne des Tentes et il faudra faire revenir de Fort Frederic les
48 Tentes et 74 Cantines envoyes au Gouverneur Sharpe par le Col.
Armstrong, apres qu’il aura pourveu Sa Garnison.
Sir John dit qu’il y a des Tentes, marmites, et Cantines en Chemin,
nous en aurons besoin.
Je Souhaitte que les nouvelles que je vous donne aujourdhuy vous
Soient agreables, et contribuent a retabhr votre sante. Le Gouverneur
Se porte bien, mais nous somes fort Inquiet pour vous.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss^ serviteur
Henry Bouquet
{Endorsed] Col: Bouquet Reas Town Aug^* 3'* 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp near Raystown, August 3, 1758.
Sir:
I received this morning, through Major Halkett’s letter of July 31,^
your orders to open the route from here across the mountains immediately.
I was afraid we might encounter, in crossing the Allegheny, the difficul-
ties which I reported to you in my last letter,- but Colonel Burd who ar-
rived just now reports that the new gap^ is practicable, and that in six
days 500 men will be able to make a road there for the wagons. He ac-
companied Sir John^ as far as Edmund’s Swamp.'’ The summit of the
mountain is flat with good springs, and enough grass and locust for an
ordinary crossing.
Sir John is continuing his journey as far as Loyal Hannon, and sent
word to me through a man of Armstrong’s'’ party whom he met, that the
road continued to be good, and without obstacles.
3 August 1758
jij
I shall use the 200 axes we have here, and the other necessary tools;
and I hope in five or six days to open the road as far as the gap where
the hardest work wdl be.
Armstrong's party has begun to cut a road, and the wagoner White’^
has marked the descent on the other side of Laurel Hill which is extremely
steep and rocky.
If we had more axes, we could go faster, but we have never had enough
except for building the fort and clearing the camp.
I have found, four or five miles from the camp, on the western side,
enough grass to feed the artillery horses and our cattle for two weeks, and
I shall have them guarded by a strong detachment.
The five Cherokees who were out scouting returned yesterday in seven
days by the Cumberland route and report that the day they left the fort,
they saw about a hundred Indians arrive there, a part in canoes;*^ but
they did not see any tents or troops'-’ around the fort.’'’ The French do not
venture out any more, and they saw outside the place only a woman who
was washing in the river and too near the fort for them to kill her.
I assure you, with pleasure, that our 70 Indians are in a very good
humor, and more attached to us than ever. Those from Cumberland will
no longer corrupt them. Poor Colonel Burd has not kept a single one,
and those rascals are plundering and taking prisoners on the frontiers of
Virginia.
The artillery will not arrive for two days. If they always march at that
rate,” the season will be over.
Captain Hay’- will find here fifty picked men trained for artillery
service.
Alost of the pack horses are in horrible condition. I have appointed
an officer to have them tended every day. I wish that Callendar’^ could
come to take charge of them, and use” men who are careful. I shall send
back those which are not sore, for another load. Two hundred saddles are
already repaired.
The North Carolina troops’^ are in pitiable condition, and lack health,
uniforms and everything. I have never seen such misery. I believe they
are good only for’® guarding a fort. The Maryland men are of more
value.’’ I have given them tents, and it will be necessary to have the 48
tents and 74 canteens sent back from Fort Frederic, whicb were sent to
Governor Sharpe by Colonel Armstrong,’® after he has supplied his
garrison.
Sir John says that there are tents, pots, and canteens on the way; we
shall need them.
314
3 August 1758
I hope that the news I am giving you today will be agreeable to you,
and help to reestablish your healths® The Governor is well, but we are
very much concerned for you.
I have the honor to be.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* An A. Df. in B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 123, which foims the basis for this letter,
is omitted. A few minor changes and additions are indicated by footnotes, other-
wise the letter follows the draft quite closely. Any other differences are confined
chiefly to the general arrangement of words in the text, or to a brief elaboration
of details.
^ See Halkett to Bouquet, July 31.
‘See Bouquet to Forbes, July 31.
‘See Rhor’s Report on Road, July 31.
* Sir John St. Clair.
‘See Ward’s Report on Road, p. 243.
“Major George Armstrong. See Armstrong to Bouquet, August 2.
"William White.
“The A. Df. adds: “le reste par terre,” (the rest by land).
“The A. Df. reads “. . . ils n’ont apperceu aucune Tente autour du Fort, ni aucune
autre nombre d’Indiens.” (they did not see any tents around the fort, nor any
additional number of Indians).
“ Fort Duquesne.
“The A. Df. completes the sentence with: “nous aurons le terns de leur faire de beaux
Chemins.” (we shall have time to make them some fine roads).
“ Probably Capt. David Hay.
“Capt. Robert Callender.
“The A. Df. finishes the sentence: “de plus honetes gens que les Coquins a qui il les
a confies.” (more honest people than the rogues to whom he has entrusted them).
^“The A. Df. inserts: “rcssemblent asses a vos Chevaux de bat,” (resemble your
pack horses closely enough) instead of “are in a pitiable condition.”
“The A. Df. reads: “manger nos Provisions, ou garder un Fort.” (for eating our
provisions or guarding a fort).
“The A. Df. adds: “mais n’ont encore ne Cantines ni Marmites;” (but have as yet
neither canteens nor pots).
“ Col. John Armstrong, at Fort Loudoun.
^“The A. Df. includes this sentence in its first paragraph, reading: “et j’espere que
les bonnes Nouvelles que j’ay a vous mander contribueront plus efficacement a
retablir votre Sante que routes les drogues de Russell.” (and I hope that the good
news I have to write you will contribute more efficaciously to re-establish your
health than all of Russell’s drugs).
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[Camp near Raystown, Aug. 3, 1758]
Letter missing but written, according to Bouquet’s letter to Washington, August 4.
The news of the hostilities of the enemy and the orders to waylay the road, which
Washington mentioned in his letter to Bouquet, August 7, were probably included in
the missing letter.
The hostilities were probably those mentioned in Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, August 8.
315
4 August 1758
BOSOMVVORTH: INDIAN INTELLIGENCE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21638, f. 31, N. S.]
[Raystown, Aug. 4, 1758]
Two of the Cherokee Indians of Skuroskees^ Party who went to War
the 6*^ of July- and returned to the Camp the 2^ of August Inform that
some of their Party being sick they were 16 days going from hence to
Monongehela where they made a Cannoe and went down the River and
landed at a small distance from the Eort^ when three of them were sent to
view the Fort who posted themselves in a Convenient place for that pur-
pose where they discovered the arrival of near an hundred Indians who
had come down the Ohio some in Cannoes and some by Land, on which
the French fired four great Guns. The Indians danced in the Fort the
most of that Night, near the dusk of the Evening they observed a Woman
putting up tbe Bars of a Cow Pen at a small distance from the Fort, on
which they endeavoured to surround her and bring her off, but before
they got to the place she had finished her Business and got allmost into
the Fort. In the Night one of them went quite close to the out Works
being [beingjt dark could make no discoveries. In the Morning they set
off and crossed the Monongehela in their Cannoes and came into General
Braddocks Road which they kept all the Wa3^ to Fort Cumberland, they
saw no Indians or tracks during their whole Alarch. Camp at Rays Town
August the 43*^ 1758
A: Bosomworth
[Enc/orsed] Indian Intelligence d*** August 1758.
t Stricken out.
^ Not identified.
^ A party of 24 picked warriors, under the command of Lieut. Colby Chew and Capt.
Johnny Bullen, were sent to Fort Duquesne to take a prisoner, if possible, and
to secure news of the fort. Bosomworth to Washington, July 7, 1758, printed in
Hamilton, Letters to Washington, II, 347-349.
* Fort Duquesne,
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. VIII, f. 181, A. L. S.]*
Camp near Reas Town 4*** August 1758
Dear Sir
I forgot to mention in my Letter^ of yesterday your Second Company
of artificers,- which I beg you will Send here with their Tools, Tents &
Bagage.
316
5 August 1758
By the Waggon which brought here the Cloathing for Cap- Field’s
Company,® I Send 12 Tents for the four Comp^® of your Reg* at Cumber-
land; I think It IS the number wanted, but if I was mistaken having not
the Return under my hand, Please to let me know how many more will
compleat you.
I am
D’' Sir
Your most obed* hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
Col. Washington
[Endorsed] From Colonel Bouquet 4*’“ Aug. 1758
[Addressed] On His Majestys service
To Colonel Washington Commanding His Majestys Forces
at Fort Cumberland
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 11.
’ Not found.
“ Second company of artificers were commanded by Capt. John Posey.
® Capt. John Field’s first company of artificers.
BOUQUET TO GEORGE ARMSTRONG
[Camp near Raystown, Aug. 5, 1758]
Letter missing but acknowledged by Armstrong, August 7. Apparently the letter
requested returns for the soldiers, tools and provisions, which Armstrong enclosed in
his letter of August 7.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Camp near Raystown, Aug. 6, 1758]
Letter missing but acknowledged by Ourry in his to Bouquet, August 10. Letter appar-
ently contained instructions for treatment of Indians enroute from Virginia to Fort
Loudoun, Pennsylvania.
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[Camp near Raystown, c. Aug. 6, 1758]
Letter missing but mentioned in Stephen’s letter to Bouquet, August 8. It was
probably received on August 7, as the orders to Armstrong were evidently dispatched
that day and received by Armstrong at Kickenapauling that evening.
317
6 August 1758
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 17, A. L S.l
Fort Loudoun Aug- 3*'^' 6*’' 1758
The Bearer, John Shelman, is the Waggon[er]t Master, I wrote you
about, that I had sent to S'’ John S- Clair, to engage in the Service. He is
enter’d accordingly, but, the Terms on which he is to serve, are not
Sufficiently particulariz’d to his Satisfaction, with relation his Work
in the Wheelwright’s or Smith’s Branch, and this he hopes 3"ou will be
kind enough to settle, that he may know what he has to expect.
You have in that Brigade all you are to expect b\r this Channell,
from Fort Frederick. I have been obliged to unload one of the Waggons
of Indian Corn, that I might have here wherewith to Supph^ such Horses,
& Teams, as may be in need of Forrage, for I have not above Eight
Bushels of Oats, which I reserve against the Gen^ Comes, w'hich I am
constantly praying maj^ be ver\^ soon, especially since the Departure
of the R. Americans. II n’y a icy qu’une Compagnie de Paresseux, je
veux dire de Provinciaux, qui ne sont bons a rien.^ Escorts are expected
from here & Capt"? Sharpes Companj^ does not consist of more than forty
Men fit for Duty, so that by that time we have sent out an Officer, &
twenty Men, which is now the Case, you see w'hat a Strong Garrison
is left. We really Stand in need of some reinforcement, — Quand ce ne
seroit que 18 ou 20 hommes de troupes reglees, for the Fort Duty, je serois
tranquille. Mais lorsque que me trouve enferme le Soir, avec tin Corporal,
& Six de ces malpeignes, je ne me couche pas de bon Coeur: cependant
j’en tire le meilleur parti que je puis; & puisque le Service a exige que
je sois icy jusqu’ appresent je suis content d’y tester jusqu’a I’arrivee
de Monsieur le General, & je I’attendrai de pied ferme, dans I’esperance
qu’il me fera I’honneur & le plaisir de m’enmener avec lui en passant.
Le terns me paroit d’autant plus long en ce que je ne regoit plus de vos
Nouvelles Je sgay bien Mons^ que vos Occupations ne vous permettent
guere d’ecrire des Lettres innutiles; mais deux Lignes de votre Main,
quand ce ne seroit qu’un Ordre, ou la moindre Commission, me feroient
un plaisir sensible, en attendant la plus parfaite Satisfaction me trouver
aupres de votre Personne.
J’aj' I’honneur d’etre avec Respect,
Monsieur
Votre tres humble & tres Obeissant Serviteur-
OuRRY
P S. Cap^ Shelby who arrived here the evening before last with 30 Men
t Stricken out.
318
6 August 1758
of his Vollunteer Company from iXIaryland, Set out this Morning with
James Grant of the Highlanders, for Carlisle.
I supply’d the above Marylanders with Tents, & they are encamp’d near
Cap^ Sharp’s Company in the Meadow.
[Endorsed} Lieut. Ourry Aug: the 6^'*
^ “Here there is only a company of idlers — I mean provincials — who are good for
nothing.”
^“If there were only 18 or 20 men of the regular troops for the Fort Duty, I should
be at ease. But when I find myself shut up in the evening with a corporal and
six of these dirty fellows, I do not retire with a very comfortable feeling; however,
I try to make the best of it; and since the service has required me to be here up
to the present, I am content to remain here until the arrival of the General, and
I shall await him without stirring, in the hope that he will do me the honor and
pleasure of taking me with him when he leaves.
“The time appears so much longer to me in that I no longer receive news from
you. I know, Sir, that your tasks scarcely permit you to write unnecessary letters,
but two lines in your hand, if only an order, or the slightest commission, would give
me real pleasure while awaiting the more complete satisfaction of being near your
person.
“I have the honor to be with respect, Sir, Your most humble and most obedient
servant.”
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 37, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 6-'* August 1758.
Dear Sir,
The Generals Orders, — or the Orders of any Superior Officer will, when
once given, be a Law to me. I shall never hesitate in obey® them — but,
till this Order^ came out, I thought it Incumbent upon me to say what
I coud to divert you /the Commanding Officer present/ from a Resolu-
tion of opening a new Road, of which I had the most unfavourable re-
ports, and believd from the hight of the Hills — the steepness of them —
the uneveness of the Ground in General — and what above [that]! all
principally weigh’d with me the shortness of the Season, that it was
impossible to open a Road in time to answer our purpose. I am still of
this opinion partly from my own observations of the Country — & partly
from the Information of as good Judges as any that will be employd.
My Duty therefore to his Majesty, and the Colony whose Troops I have
the honour to Command, obligd me to declare my Sentiments upon the
occasion with that candour and freedom of which you are witness; If
I am deceivd in my opinion, I shall acknowledge my Error as becomes
a Gentleman led astray from judgment, & not by prejudice in opposing
t Stricken out.
6 August 1758
319
a measure so conducive to the Publick Weal as you seem to have con-
ceivd this to be. If I unfortunately am right; my Conduct wdl acquit
me of having dischargd my Duty on this Important Occasion; on the
good success of which, Our All, in a manner depends.
I have repaird the Road over the Mountain at this place as Sir JiA S*^-
Clair desird. I had also sent the 2'^ Company of Artificers- to make
Bridges on the Rays Town Road according to your Orders® transmitted
by Col° Stephen to me — 'twas Yesterday before I coud get them in,
& today they March
Nineteen Waggons^ cam.e here Yesterday Loaded with Ball /Musket
Ball/ from Fort Frederick. 18 more left their Loads at the Old Town,
and are gone back^ — the first 19 Waggons and an EscorC are gone to
bring up their Loads and will be here today. I can't send you a return
of the Contents having receivd none.
The Waggoners are constantly applying for Grain — I shoud be glad
if you woud direct how I am to act in this case.’^
Inclosd is a return® of Provisions wanting to serve Us till our next
Convoy arrives from Winchester we have not above 5 days Flour upon
hand. I shall therefore send the Waggons to Rays Town tomorrow for
this Article 6:c'* — after they return from the Old Town.
Tw'elve Tents was the Number returnd for, & they are arrivd safe.
If you approve of it, I woud send 50 Men® the length of the great
xing^® to waylay the Road thereabouts: I think it the most eligable
method of getting a Prisoner for Intelligence; the Enemy are watchful
when they are near our Garrison’s and it is too far and unsafe, to bring
one from their own.
CoP Bouquet.
I am D" Sir
Y'' most Oebd*^ Serv^
G” W.XSHINGTON
[Endorsed] Col. Wash 6. Aug
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington. II, 263-265.
See Halkett to Bouquet, July 31.
“ Capt. John Posey’s company.
“Stephen to Washington, .August 2, printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III,
8-9, also Bouquet to Washington, August 4, which see.
‘Under command of Henry Prather, wagon master. Prather to W’ashington, August
4, printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, HI, 14.
“Capt. Robert Stewart to Washington, August 4, printed in Hamilton, Letters to
Washington, III, 12-13.
“Capt. Francis Ware, of the Maryland troops at Fort Frederick, commanded the
escort. Ibid.
320
7 August 1758
■ St. Ciair's letter to \^ ashington, August 9, contained requested instructions. Printed
in Hamilton, Letters to W ashington, III, 23-24.
*Not found.
‘'Lieut. Robert McKenzie and party were sent out to waylay the road. See Washing-
ton to Bouquet, August 13.
’“Great Crossings of the Youghiogheny River.
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQETET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 171, A. L. S.]
Camp at Drownding Creek 7*'’ August 1758.
Honoured Sir/
I had the pleasure of Your letter of the 5-*’ Ins-^ and incloses You a
list of all the Officers and Soldiers here, and of all the Tools of every
Denomination, and also of the Provisions. S^" John S* Clair gave me
orders to Clear the road to a Certain Spring ah* 3 Miles from hence
towards the Lawrell Hill, and this night will have it half done, and to-
morrow will set every body upon the road towards Coll. Stevens,^ except
a sufficient party for the breast Work. White^ talks of having some
business to Raystown and as he is a person of a Good deal of worth
takes the Libertv of leting him go down. I must once more beg the
favour of You to give me orders, as soon as a Commanding Officer
arrives here, to proceed over Lawrell hill with what party You think
fit either to begin some Works at Loyalhannon or to Reconitre towards
F. Duquesne, as the thoughts of being here longer is an abomination
to me. M"" Allen‘‘ sets off tomorrow with 3 soldiers and A pilot to F. D.
and also M?’ Reynolds^ with an equal party to reconitre the Road from
Loyalhanon to the Salt Lick^ upon Gen? Bradocks Road, which is ac-
cording to S’’ John Clairs orders, I have sent down all the bags that
came formerly up, I have finished a large Shade for Provisions within
the breast Work which is covered with bark as I had no frow'^ to make
Clapboards
I am S?’ with great esteem
Your most oh? Humble Serv?^
Geo: Armstrong
S“
A Copy of the within list I shall send to Colonel Stevens I have neither
Drumers nor Drums
Cap*^ Armstrong had leave of S’' John to go to Ray’s town in order to
have his Co. Mustered and paid, as he beared the Pay master was arrived
at Ray’s town A Grind stone, Augres and frows are much wanted here.
I shall take perticular care of the Tools, none of them are broke as yet.
G. A.
7 August 1758
321
Colonel Bouquet
[Endorsed in Banquet’s handwriting^ Major Armstrong 7-^ August.
[ENCLOSURE]
Officers from the first Battalion of P. R. and Soldiers
Cap^ Wetherholt
Cap* Armstrong
from the 2*? Batt"
Serj* Hunter 1 ®
Serj* Wheelerj
42 private
Lieu- Patterson^®
Lieu* Re3molds^^
from 3^ Batt“
Maj* Armstrong^^
Ensign Wilkey^^
Erom the Virginians
Lieu* Thompson*^ &
Ensign Allen
Off.
8
1 Serj* and 20 Private
2 Serj*^® 40 Private.
L P. inclusive of Corp?®
-5 102
Acc* of Tools brought here 25" Juh^ 1758 and also those brought by
S* John S* Clair 3'? August 1758.
Axes 6
Spades 6
Shovels 6
Grubing Axes .... 2
Axes 10
Grubing Axes 6
Shovels 6
- b\" S* John St. Clair
Provisions in Store 7" August 1758 at Drownding Creek.
lbs Pork lbs Elour lbs Bisket.
2772 3329 478
* Not found.
‘ Lieut. Col. Adam Stephen.
® William White, wagon master, who was reconnoitering for wagon routes.
* Possibly Ens. John Allen of the Virginia Regiment.
“Lieut. William Reynolds, commissioned, December, 1757, in David Jameson’s com-
pany of the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“See Washington to Bouquet, August 2, footnote 7.
’A cleaving tool for splitting shingles or staves from block.
“ Capts. John Nicholas Wetterholt and William .Armstrong, both commissioned, De-
cember, 1757, in the first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Not identified.
’“Lieut. William Patterson, commissioned, December, 1757, in Jacob Orndt’s company
of the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
322
7 August 1758
Lieut. William Reynolds.
Major George Armstrong.
“ Ens. Andrew Wilkie, commissioned, May, 1758, in George Ashton’s company of
the third battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
Lieut. Nathaniel Thompson. See his letter to Stephen, August 12.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 124, A. L. S.]
Carlisle 7*'* August 1758
Dear Sir
I have the pleasure to Inform you that the General recovers daily,
but from the length of his Indisposition, & eating nothing, he was greatly
reduc'd, & still very weak, he goes out in his Chariot every evening
which does him great good, & I think will soon set him on his legs again.
The other Invalides Captain Anderson,^ & Lieu* Wright“ of the Artillery,
are recover’d entirely, and will set out for Reastown the day after to
morrow, along with Lieu* S* Clair,^ and Serjeant Morton.'*
The General is extreamly well Satisfyed with your accounts''* of the
Road, and very glad to find that you have enterd upon the makeing
of It. He has been much employ’d in mgagemg of Forrage, all that is
to be got m the Country he has bespoake, & thinks their is a prospect
of being provided with a sufficient quantity which will be laid m here
& at Fort Fredrick.
1 heir are no news stirring here to tell you. I hope by the end of the
week the General will be upon the Road to Reastown, till that I have
the pleasure of seeing you there, I must bid you adue, assuring you that
I am with great sincerity
D* Sir
your most obedient humble Servant &c
Francis Halkett
P. S
Please to present my Complements to M"" Glen
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Halkett 7*** August
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding at Reastown.
^ Probably Capt. Lieut. George Anderson, wagon master of the Royal Artillery of
Pennsylvania during 1758-1759. Cf. Papers of Henry Ward, H. S. P.
^ Probably Lieut. George WTight, lieutenant of the fireworkers of the Royal Artillery
of Pennsylvania during 1758-1759. Ibid.
^ Probably Lieut. James Sinclair.
* Sergeant George Morton.
^See Bouquet to Forbes, July 26.
323
Sir —
7 August 1758
MACLEAN TO BOUQUET
[B. M.. Add. MSS. 21641, f. 24, A. L. S.]
Camp Near the Shawana Cabins^ Aug^ 7**^ 1758.
Agreeable to your orders, I have given an escort to Doctor Johnson
as far as Major Lewis’s Party;- as to your information of my taking
too much trouble about the Roads I have reason to thank the Gentlemen
for their favourable report as I thought it no more than my duty to
make the Roads as passible for Carriages as possible. And shall endeavour
to finish them so as to give Satisfaction, but at the same time shall
comply with your Orders by going on with all possible dispatch. I hope
toward Saturday night to finish the Road as far as the Shawana Cabins,
there are more difficulties in making a Road here than was represented,
as I have two miles of a new Road to cut, and Several Bridges to make.
How soon I finish my Task, shall inform you, and wait for your
further Orders. If 3mu woud be pleas’d to order y? Commissar\" to send
out three daj^s fresh provision for the Party now with me, as they look
upon it to be a hardship to put up with Salt Provision. How soon the
fresh provision comes to hand I shall either return the Salt or send it
on as you shall order.
If you’ll please favour me with the latest news papers as also with the
Generals Rout it woud infimtly oblige —
Sir
Your most oh* Hble Serv^ —
Allan Maclean
To Collonel Bouquett.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Sir Allen AULean 7-*^ Aug
See Bouquet to Forbes, July 21, footnote 15.
^ Cutting a road through the gap at the top of Allegheny Mountain.
Sir
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 39, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Eort Cumberland 7*'’ Aug*^ 1758
Capt" Waggoner^ with 50 Alen & 19 Waggon’s wait upon you for
Provisions agreeable to my Yesterday's Return. -
A Letter which I have just receivd from AP Walker^ tells me, that
the Convoy may be expected at Pearsalls the 15'*^; and desires that the
324
8-18 August 1758
Escort /already consisting of 75 Men/' may be remforcd; as the Waggon’s
and Cattle will cover a large space of Ground
Pray what will you have done with those Waggons when they come
up, also with these now going for Provision’s when they return from
Rays Town
I was this Inst* favourd with your’s^ p^ Express I am not surprizd
to hear the Enemy are about, but was greatly so to find them idle so
long — I shall this moment send out a Party to way lay the Road. I
am pleasd you have directed it. I wrote for leave to do the same thing
Yesterday.
Inclosd is a Return^ of the Shott &c“ that have been brought to this
place since my arrival here.
I am O’" Sir
Y'’ most Obed^ Serv^
G° W.XSHINGTON
[Endorsed] Col. Wash 7 x^ug
[Addressed] On Plis Alajesty’s Service To Col'^ Bouquet — Commanding
at Rays Town
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 26S-266.
Capt. Thomas Waggener.
^ Not found but sent. See Washington to Bouquet, August 6.
^ Dr. Thomas Walker. His letter of July 24 printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washing-
ton, 11, 383-384.
‘ Not found. See Bouquet to Washington, August 4.
® Not found.
ALLEN A REPORT ON FORT DUQUESNE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 34, D.]
I .'\ugust, 1758]
Tuesday August the 8^** 1758. Having obtained Permission & received
Orders^ from Col° Sir John S- Clair to reconnoitre towards Fort Duquesne
& gam what Intelligence I could of the Strength of [that]/ it I this Day
set out from the Camp at Quimahony Creek (in Company with Lieut.
Patterson® who with a Party of 80 Men was order’d to waylay the Path
if possible to retake some [Prisoners]/ Waggoners that had fallen into
the Enemies Hands) & marched to the Cabbins near the Lovalhannon,
13 M.
t Stricken out.
8-18 August 1758
Wednesday the 9*'" We continued our Way along the old Trad® Path with
Mt Patterson, marched ab- 14 M. & encamped.
Thursday y® 10^*^ We proceeded on our Way ab* VA Miles wTen we
came on the Tracks of a small Party of Indians [ab*lt It appeared as
if they had been gone ab^ 3 Hours. We Supposed the Indians to be those L-
Patterson w'as ordered to waylay. We slowly pursued the Enemy’s Tracks
ab^ a Mile at which Time L- Patterson being asked why he did not follow
faster if he intended to over take answered, I will be damned if I go
farther than the Top of the Hill I am now on. When I found that he
had stopt, being a little chagrined that so fine an Opportunity of retak-
ing the Waggoners [should]! & killing some of the Indians should be
lost, I past by him without taking Leave of him & marched along the
Road ab^ half a Mile in which Space I had a good Opportunity in some
moist Ground of counting their Tracks which were ab* 12. Having but
four Men with me I left the Road on the right & went ab* 9 M.
Friday the 11**' We continued our March between the old Trad® Path &
the River Monongahala 15. M.
Saturday the 12**^ We marched very early, ab* nine “Clock [saw]t crossed
an Indian Path which runs towards F. Cumberland. We heard several
Guns fired on each Hand some near & some at a great Distance. I
imagine they were fired by a hunting Party of Indians. Came to the
Monongahala ab^ 2 M. above the Mouth of Turtle Creek. The Wa}'
from Loyalhannon to this Place- is in general very full of Ridges & broken
Hills, marched this Day ab* 12 M.
Sunday the 13*** We crossed Monongahala at Bradocks Ford-* marched
dowm the River on the S. Side, & after march® 8 M. ab^ 3 “Clock in the
afternoon came on a Hill that overlooked F. Duquesne ab* of a Mile
distant from it. I had a good View from the Top of this Flill but think®
I might make a better discovery by approching nearer I left my Men
& went to y® River ab* a Quarter of a Mile from the Fort The Fort
appeared to be [walled]! a Wall made with Wood &: Clay ab* 9 feet high.
I think there was an Entrenchment on the Banks of the Monongahala.
I could discern no Tents nor Indian Encampemts but on the N. Side of
the F. towards the Ohio I saw Smoak arise & heard Indians singing so
that I judge the Indian Camp to be there. I could discover no New
Works. I could not see the Men parade at Retreat Beating so that I
imagine the Parade is in the Fort on the N. Side, from the Appearance
of the Men I judge there are ab* 400 French & from the noise & firing
near five hundred Indians. Ab* an Hour before Sun Set they began to
fire Cannon, a Couple of Minute Guns, which they repeated every half
Quarter of an Hour till they had fired 10 which was answered [with
t Stricken out.
326
8-18 August 1758
Finn It by near 300 small Arms fired in an Indian Manner some near to
the Fort & others at a Mile Distance on the N. Side the Ohio which
I judged to be a large Party of Indians coming to the Fort as I heard
the Indians hooping wherever the small Arms were fired. At Dark I
went to my Party &: marched ab^ half a Mile from the Hill & Encamped.
I heard the Indians Singing & Dancing till I fell a sleep.
Monday the 14^'* We marched ab* 7 M. S. & then turned toward the Ford
where we had crossed Monongahala & came to the River ab^ 3 Miles
above &: found that the River had raised so considerably that [I]t we
could not cross it. I went up the River ab- a M. farther & encamped.
Tuesday 15^*' We marched up the River ab* 10 M. & finding it too Deep
to ford we made a Raft & crossed it & encamped
Wednesdajv the 16*’' We marched ab* 9 M., crossed ATthiogany & ab- 7
M. on this Side crossed Bradocks Road & very Near it an Indian Path
much beaten & some fresh Tracks in it just gone towards F. Duquesne.
We this Night encamped ab* 2 M. on this Side B. Road.
Thursday & Friday the 17**' & 18**' we continued our March without any
remarkable Occurrencies & m the Evening of the 18**' having marched
ver}^ fast these two last Days we arrived at the Camp at Quimahony
rcf.:.
[no signature]
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Lieut* Allen’s Intelligences
1 Stricken out.
' Ens. John Alien.
■ Orders not found. See George Armstrong to Bouquet, August 8.
® Lieut. William Patterson.
' Braddock's Crossing at present McKeesport, Allegheny County.
Reports on Roads 327
JAMES PATTERSON: JOURNAL^
[B. M., Add, MSS. 21658, f. 136, D.]
[August, 1758]
Journall of Cap'^ Patterson from Reas Town to Tort Du Quesne,
and back again to Loyalhanning —
Thursday 27*’' July Sett out from Reas Town and went to the Foot
of the Alleghany.
Friday 28*’' To Kicknepaulins where Major Armstrongs
Party was.
Saturday 29*’* Crossed Laurrel! Hill and went to a Run- 3
Miles beyond Loyalhanning, laid there on
the side off the Road.
Sunday 30*’’ At Eight Miles from the 3 Mile Run, found
the Tracks of a Party of 4 or 5 Indians
coming this way, and having seen us ( as
I supposed) they left the Path.
I kept the Road about a Mile farther, and there found an In-
campment where about 50 French and Indians had lay’d — I found
some pieces of Haversacks, which smell’t strongly of Pork — and ah*
20 pieces of Tobacco with a little paint tied to each, which was tied
upon a long white Pole set up very high.
I took then off the Road to the Left and travelled through the
Woods very cautiously and m about two Miles came on the Road
again at the two Licks,^ where I found a fresh Indian Track and
immediately heard a Gun goe of just before us. I turnH off to the
Left hand of the Road and heard another Gun fired. I keept off to
the Left all that Day, and at Night came to the Waters of Licking
Creek,'* where I gott into a Thicket and lay there that Night.
Monday 3L* July I steered towards the Mouth of Turtle Creek
& came about Ten o Clock upon a Great
Warriour Path where there [was]t were
fresh Signs of a large Party coming this way
— which path I follow'd about a Mile and
found It was frequently used. I keep't then
to the Left which Course I steered, untill
I cross'd General Braddock's Road that
likewise was very much beat by Warriours.
I then took to Youghyogeny River where
I sleep’d that Night.
t Stricken out.
328
Reports on Roads
Tuesday Aug'^*^
Wednesday 2'^ Aug-^*^
Cross’d Youghyogeny thinking to cross also
Alonongahela to gett a View of the French
Fort® from the Hill that lays opposite to
It, But the River was so high that we
coud not cross it and were obliged to go
over Youghyogeny and follow the Ridges
’till I came to Braddocks Road, ab* Six
Miles from the place® where the Battle was
fought. I went to the Mouth of turtle
Creek; where I found tracks of a great
Party, that had just gone down the Road
towards Cumberland which I judge to be
about One Hundred Men — Cross’d Turtle
Creek and turn’d off the Road to the Right
Hand upon the Hills and came up [with itjt
opposite to the place of Braddocks Engagem‘
and stayed there untill Sunsett — Marched
then down to the Road, and saw the Bones
of the Men who were killd at the Battle
laying very thick — Marched that Night on
the Road ’till I came within half a Mile of
the French Fort gott there about Midnight.
A little before Day went along the Road to-
wards the Fort where I found great Quan-
tity’s of fallen Trees, [but I cross’djt laid
across the Bottom, I keep’t towards the
Hill till I gott just to the Clearing of the
Fort where I intended to stay untill Sun
Rise that I might gett a sight of the Fort.
But the Fogg was so thick that I cou’d not
see fourty yards from me. I went a little
nigher and came across the Tracks of a re-
connoitring Party that steered right towards
the Road we had gone in The Night we
came to Shawnapin’s town,'^ I took their
Tracks & followed them ’till I came to the
Road and from there [ taking ]t finding they
had taken my own Tracks, I thought
[then]! I had no other way left but to go
back to Reas Town; I then took the old
trading path® [fromjt to Reas Town. I
found the Tracks of the Party that was at
the two Licks going back to the Fort — I
[thenjt keep’d the Road along, which lays
thus.
t Stricken out.
Reports on Roads
329
Observations upon The Road Fort Du Quesne
to Reas Town, w*** the Distances —
Miles
From the French Fort to Shanawpin’s Town 2
From [the French Fort to a Runjt 4
Shanawpins Town [From]t to the Run® 4
Extraordinary fine Levell Ground and clear Woods,
no Brush,
To another Run 2
A Beautifull Ridge
To another Run 2
A Fine Ridge — None of these Ridges steep either
going up or down. I think there cannot be better
Ground for an Army to march into an Enemy’s Country
[during]! than these ten Miles.
Then the Road crosses 3 htle Ridges 5
Water between each Ridge [not] Stoney on any of
them — a Good Road can be made there without
Much Trouble.
Over Two other Ridges to Caggeys Cabin^® 2
[Over two]t Then Two other Ridges to a gradual
Descent to Beaver Dam 15
This is a beautifull Place for an Army to
incamp on either Side of the Run.^’^
From the Beavers Dam good Road 3
Then Two bad Ridges w?^ I think can be shun’d to ^
the Two Licks f
From the Two Licks to the big Bottom^- 4
From the Big Bottom to the 3 Mile Run 5
From the 3 Mile Run to Loyalhanning 3
50
Observations
From the two Licks the rest of the way to Loyalhanning is all good, but
on Sidleing Hill which can be shuii’d, and the Chestnut Ridge w*^** is
not very bad There
t Stricken out.
^This was enclosed in Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, .‘\ugust 8. which follows. Compare
with Allen’s Report, which precedes this, and Chew’s Report, p. 400
"This is known as Fourmile Creek.
’’Not identified.
’ This would seem to refer to Sewickley Creek.
330
8 August 1758
'^Fort Duquesne.
*’ The site of present Braddock, Allegheny County, Penna,
’ Shannopin s Town, a former Delaware village in the south bank of the Allegheny
River, about a mile and a half above Fort Duquesne.
^ The Raystown branch of the Allegheny Path.
Not identified. In John Flarris’ Table of Distances it is called Four Mile Run.
^“Cock Eyes Cabin, a mile and a half south of Export, on the present James Torrence
Farm.
” Not located.
'-See Dunning's Estimate of Distances, p. 279, footnote 9.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 126 A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 8*’' Aug* 1758
Monsieur
Le lendemain du depart de mon E.xpres* au Major Elalkett, J’ay receu
par ]e Cap"® Callendar votre lettre du 2'’- qui m'a tire de I’inquietude ou
la Sienne^ m’avoit jette Sur votre Sante: Je vous croyois tres mal et
voyois I’E.xpedition ruinee Si vous n'avies pu nous joindre.
La Lettre* du General est peu Satisfaisante dans la scituation critique,
ou Sa malheureuse affaire nous a mis, et des ordres precis auroient ete
plus en place; si Broadstreet peut faire Subsister Son Corps de Troupes,
il fera une Chose tres difficile, mais je n’espere rien de cette Diversion.
Je n'ay pas eu un mot d'aucun de mes amis, et je Suppose que I’on
retient les Lettres jusqu’ apres le depart du Paquet. Puis que Eon vous
abandonne a vous meme, II ne faut plus compter que Sur vos propres
Ressources, et de mon cote je tacherai de vous aider autant qu’il dependre
de moy, et comme le terns nous presse, Je vous proposerai les Idees que
ma presence Sur les Lieux me Suggere.
Au lieu de trois mois de Provisions nous n'en avons que deux igy, et
peu ou point de Pore, ce qui rend la Subsistance de I’armee fort precaire:
Avant que nous puissions passer Loyal Hanning un autre mois Sera
consume: II conviendroit done d’arranger ce Point avec Hoops, et calculer
pour le terns et les difficultes Sur I’Experience, faisant attention que tous
les fourages Sur notre Communication etant manges, Les Chariots devront
en porter, et chargeront autant moins de Vivres: II nous en faudroit au
moms pour deux mois en Avance en partant de Loyal Hanning.
Dans Six Semaines une gelee peut detruire I'herbe, dequoy vivront nos
Boeufs, et Si nous n’avons pas du Pore, dequoy vivrons nous.? En cas de
Succes un gros Corps de Troupes restera Sur I’ohio, et Si nos Provisions
ne passent pas les montagnes avant le Commencem* de I’hyver comment
leur envoyer.? Je crois en cas de Succes que Eon pourroit faire usage des
8 August 1758
331
Patomack en Automne pour former des Magazins a Cumberl*' et par un
Portage de 74 Miles, les embarquer Sur la Mononghehela; par ou Ton
eviteroit le mauvais chemin de Loudoun igy et le Passage des montagnes.
Dans I’obscurite ou nous Somes Sur les forces de I'Ennemy Je ne vois
qu’un Party a prendre egalement avantageux dans tons les Cas. C’est de
prendre Poste a Loyal Hanning, et y construire un Retranchement, et des
converts pour nos Magazins. N'etant plus alors qu'a 45, ou 50 Miles du
Fort, II Sera moins difficile d’etre instruit de I’Etat des Ennemis, et vous
pourres regler vos operations en consequence.
S’il est bien clair qu’ils Soient trop forts pour nous; Nous aurons tou-
jours fait quelque Chose en regagnant 140 miles de terrein perdu, et occu-
pant tons les Passages par ou leurs Partis passent pour mfester les
Provinces: Et comme il est difficile a I’Ennemy de Subsister pendant
I’hyver un gros Corps de Troopes. Ne pourroit on pas obtemr des
Provinces de continuer un Mois ou deux de plus les nouvelles Levees en
paye? Et en cas de refus il vous reste 1400 homes de Troupes reglees
800 Virginies 1200 Pens: 400 Mar: et [les]t N. Car; laissant 800 homes
dans les Forts et Communications, vous auries dequoy aller en avant si
vous eties reduit a ce Party / ce que je Suis bien eloigne d’attendre/ Il
faudroit renvoyer tons les Chevaux, et former des magasins de fourage
Suiffisans pour transporter tout d’un Coup vos Vivres et artdlene, quand
il en Seroit terns; suivant le Raport des Indiens Traders. Il y a le long
des Creeks de I’herbe tout I’hyver au dela des montagnes, ce qui facili-
teroit cette Expedition.
Sir John^ est de retour et vous rend Compte de Ses observations jusques
a Loyal Hanning. Il paroit que le Chemin Sera tres praticable, excepte
la decente de Lawrell Hill qui est en notre faveur: Et vous verres par
le Journal® ^y Joint du Cap"*^ Patterson combien vous aves eu raison de
preferer cette Route.
Il y a 700 homes employes a couper en 4 Divisions le Chemin d’icy au
Poste’’^ d’Armstrong compris les detachemens qui couvrent les Travailleurs;
Et comme il y a beaucoup a faire, et que le terns est court. Je les
renforceray dans deux Jours du reste du p'' Batt.® de Pensilvanie pour
faire un nouveaux Retranchem‘ au Poste du Major et quelque Convert
d’Ecorce pour y former un depot volant: Le reste du DetachemenC de
Virginie Marchera pour travailler avec le Col. Stephens qui coupe Sur la
montagne, et la 2®® Comp'^^® d’ouvriers de Byrd joindra le Major Lewis
pour ouvrir le Gap; ce qui fera en tout plus de 1200 homes dans ces 37
miles.
General Forbes
t Stricken out.
8 August 1758
Apres cela Si vous I'aprouves je marcheray a Loj'al Hanning avant que
le Chemin Soit ouvert depuis Kickeny Pawlins — avec 1500 homes de
quelles Troupes vous trouveres a propos. J'y construiray un Poste et des
Magazins, et couvriray nos Travadleurs qui couperont la Route derriere
moy: II Sera facile de Subsister ce Corps au moyen du depot ?y dessus, et
de nos Chevaux de Bat. jusqu’ a ce que les Chariots puissent passer; et
je pourray pousser de petits Partis en avant pour avoir des Nouvelles:
mais en ce cas il Seroit necessaire que vous fussies i?y, ou que vous y
envoyassies le Col. Montg: et le Major Grant ou le Col. Washington. Je
ne voudrois pas degarnir entierement le Poste de Cumberland, ou du
moms y laisser des Tents tendues /Si on pent les avoir/ pour tenir
I’Ennemy en Suspens Sur vos desseins, et il ne Seroit pent etre pas inutile
de continuer a reparer le Chemin de Braddock, qui a deja ete pousse a
16 miles, et paroit avoir engage I’Ennemy a faire les abbatis que le
Cap^® Patterson a remarquC
Voila en general le Plan qui me Semble le plus convenable a I’Etat
present de nos affaires, Je vous prie de me donner vos ordres Sur ce que
vous Souhaittes qui Soit fait, et en attendant je feray travailler aux
Chemins avec toute I’activite possible.
J’eus bier avis que trois Chariots de Vivandiers qui passoient de
Juniatta a Fort Littleton Sans Escorte ont ete attaques au dela de
Seydeling Hill par 9 Indiens qui ont Scalpe deux Charretiers et fait deux
Prisoniers: Et j’aprens dans ce moment qu’un de nos Convoys venant
icy escorte Seulem^ par 13 homes a ete attaque en dega de la meme
Montagne, et a eu deux Soldats blesses; Je fis partir Sur le premier avis
un Party de 13 Indiens, et 7 Volontaires pour les couper en S’embusquant
sur le Chemin de Franks Town. Un autre Party de 8 Indiens et 5
Volontaires avec un officier’^ de Virginie est marche du cote de Venango,
avec ordre de Se poster Sur la Communication avec le Fort, et tacher de
decouvrir S’il n’y a point de Camp cache. Un 3? Party^- est Sur la Route
au dela de Loyal Hanning. Un va droit au Fort; Et j’ay ecrit au
Col. Washington’^^ d’en pousser un Sur la Route de Braddock pour S’y
tenir en Embuscade: J’espere que nous les recontrerons quelque Party
et Si on pent leur tuer quelques homes cela les rendra plus Circonspects.
je ne crois pas que nous ayons perdu beaucoup a n’avoir pas des nou-
velles jusques a present, parce que de quelque nature qu’elles pussent etre,
nous Sommes obliges d’aller en avant, du moins au dela des Montagues:
Ce Sera alors qu’elles deviendront indispensables, mais nous aurons aussi
beaucoup plus de facilite a en avoir.
Nous ne Sommes pas fort exposes aux Surprises. Tous les Regiments
Sont retranches dans des quarres, et les Piquets ont des le Commence-
ment couche toutes les nuits au Bivouac dans les Ravelins, outre les
gardes du Camp, et de petits Postes tout autour Sur les hauteurs et dans
les vallees.
8 August 1758
333
je fais manoeuvrer les Troupes, mais ils Sont bien neufs, et je ne puis
y donner tout le terns necessaire.
Nous avons ete fort exposes aux flux, mais nos malades diminuent, et
la petite Verole n’augmente pas, il en a 8 dans I’hopital, et nous n’avons
aucune Comunication avec Eux: J’espere que le Changem^ d’air et de
Camp arretera cette facheuse maladie.
L’artillerie arriva le 5® J’ay envo3"e les Chevaux /qui ont beaucoup
Souffert/ a 6 miles du Camp, ou ils Se retabliront C’est moins la diffi-
culte des Chemins qui les a mines, que la Lenteur de leur marche, ou ils
ont manque de fourage.
Pour prevenir pared Inconvenient au Passage des montagnes, Je crois
qu’il faudroit les fane marcher en 4 Divisions donnant a chacune autant
de Chevaux qu’ils en pourront emplot^er, et les renvoj^er ensuite pour
chercher le reste.
La p''® division pourroit avancer des que les Troupes Seront etablies a
Loyal Hanning; J’attendraj" vos ordres la dessus. Irwin^^ qui est un fort
bon Sujet examine les Chevaux. II renvoyera tous ceux qui Sont hors de
Service, et completera dereche les attelages.
J'envoj^e demain 17 Chariots de farine a Cumberland, ou ils n’en ont
plus, et je feray transporter en meme terns igy les Munitions qui y Sont.
Nous avons environ 60 Tonnes de foin partie au Fort, et le reste a 7
miles; C’est tout ce qu’il est possible de tirer d’un Pays couvert de Bois:
Le reste de I’herbe pourra tout en plus Suffire a nourrir nos Boeufs et
Chevaux pour 15 Jours, Et il n’y a peut etre pas en Amerique un Poste
qui puisse en fournir Si long terns.
On a manque I’occasion de faire un gros Magasin a Cumberland des
Prairies de Cressop, mais il faut abandoner les Reflexions Sur le Passe,
et pouvoir a nos besoins presens.
On a repare 300 Selles, mais nous n’avons plus de Bourre ou Poil pour
remplir le reste.
Le Cap"® Callendar a ete Si occupe a marquer et arranger Ses Chevaux,
que je n’ay pu encore concerter avec lu}^ Sur la Comission a donner pour
les Delawares, mais cela Sera fait Si quelcun vent S’en charger; Craw-
ford^*’ est avec le Mohawk qui est alle aupres de vous.
Apres ce que je vous ay mande de nos Indiens, vous ne devies pas vous
attendee a les perdre, Ils etoient de fort bonne humeur hier, et n’ont fait
que danser depuis notre dernier traite;^’^ Ce matin on vient me dire que
50^® Sont partis [ ] Incognito pour retourner chez Eux; Je leur
ai fait dire par deux de leurs gens restes en arriere d’attendre a Fort
Loudoun^** ce que vous decideries sur les Presens qu’ils y ont laisses et
qu'ils devoient recevoir apres la Campagne et ajoute que j’esperois qu’ils
334
8 August 1758
ne commettroient aucune violence Sur les frontieres, et qu’ils devoient
Se Souvenir que Si le Roy les recompensoit quand ils Se conduisoient bien
11 avoir dequoy les punir S’ils le meritoient.
Je Grains quelque violence a Fort Loudoun, s’ils ne regoivent pas ces
Presens, et quoi qu’il Soit facheux d’etre dupes de pareilles Canailles. II
me Semble qu’il voudroit mieux les leur donner, que de cotirir les risques
des Consequences d’un Refus: Bosomworth qul est furieux de leur deser-
tion n’est pas de cet avis; mais son Opinion n’a pas grand Poids avec
moy.-'^ Je vous prie de vouloir faire donner vos ordres la dessus. II
Seroit asses inutile de vouloir les retenir, parce qti’il paroit beaticoup de
Poltronerie dans leur Retraite: comme nous allons etre plus pres de
I’Ennemy, ils ne Sont plus de Si grand Services et nos gens ne paroissent
plus avoir Peur de ces Bugbears.
Les 30 que Bosomworth ramena de Winchester continuent fideles, et
leur CheF^ a dit ce matin aux deserteurs comme tin autre Alexandre.
Alles raconter a la Nation, que vous aves abandone nos freres les Anglois
apres avoir vole letirs Biens, mais dites a nos Parens que les Guerriers de
Keevee-- ne les abandonneront pas.
L’lndien-^ du Col. Burd nous paroit fort attache et Son fils-^ est eleve
a Philad'? II a offert des le commencement d’aller dans le mais j’ay
toujours differe de I’envoyer jusqu’a ce que Son Raport put etre de plus
de consequence, cet h.xpedient ne pouvant Servir qu’une fois: II es
daillieurs apparent qu’il commencera par leur decotivrlr tout ce qu’il
Scait de nous mais on pourra en courir les risques des que nous serons
prets d’agir.
Pardonnes cette longue Lettre, je ne puis I’excuser que par I’anclenne
apologie que je n’ay reelement pas eu le terns dela faire plus courte;
J’attens avec Impatience de bonnes notivelles de votre Sante, et Suis avec
tin devouement invariable
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss* Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Letter Cob Bouquet Rays town Aug- 1758
8 August 1758
335
[TRANSLATION]
Raystown Camp, August 8, 1758.
Sir,
The day after the departure of my express^ to Alajor Halkett, I received
through Captain Callender your letter of the 2nd,- which relieved me of
the uneasiness which his letter® had given me concerning your health.
I thought you were very ill, and saw the expedition ruined if you could
not join us.
The general’s letter^ is not very satisfactory in the critical situation
in which his unfortunate affair has placed us, and precise orders would
have been more appropriate. If Bradstreet can get provisions for his
corps of troops, he will be doing a very difficult task, but I hope for
nothing from that diversion.
I haven’t had a word from any of my friends, and I suppose that the
letters are being held, until after the departure of the packet. Since you
are abandoned to your own devices, you must no longer count on anything
but jmur own resources; and for my part I shall try to help you as much
as I can. As time presses us, I shall propose to you the ideas which my
presence on the spot suggests to me.
Instead of three months’ provisions, we have only two here, and little
or no pork, which renders the subsistence of the army very precarious.
Before we can go beyond Loyal Llannon, another month will have
elapsed. It is advisable then to settle this point with Hoops, and to cal-
culate on the basis of time and difficulties, paying attention to the fact
that, as all the forage on our communication will be eaten, the wagons
will have to carry some, and will carry so much less provisions. We should
need some for at least two months m advance when leaving Loyal
Hannon.
In six weeks a frost may destroy the grass on which our cattle feed,
and if we have no pork, on what shall we live.? In case of success, a large
bodjr of troops will remain on the Ohio, and if our provisions do not cross
the mountains before the beginning of winter, how are they to be sent.?
I believe that in case of success use could be made of the Potomac in
the autumn to set up storehouses at Cumberland, and over a portage of
74 miles to embark them on the Monongahela; by which the bad road
from Loudoun here and the crossing of the mountains would be avoided.
In our present uncertainty concerning the strength of the enemy, I see
only one course to take, equally advantageous in any event. This is to
establish a post at Loyal Hannon, and to construct an entrenchment
there, and some covering for our stores. .As we are now no more than
45 or 50 miles from the fort, it will be less difficult to get information on
336 8 August 1758
the situation of the enem}?, and you will be able to regulate your opera-
tions accordingly.
If it is very clear that they are too strong for us, we shall have already
accomplished something by regaining 140 miles of lost ground, and by
occupying all the passes through which their parties come to overrun the
provinces. And as it is difficult for the enemy to get supplies during the
winter for a large body of troops, would it not be possible to obtain from
the provinces for a month or two more the continuation of the new paid
levies.? And in case of refusal you still have 1400 men of the regular
troops, 800 Virginians, 1200 Pennsylvanians, 400 Marylanders and North
Carolinians, leaving 800 men in the forts and on the communications.
You should have something to advance with, if you were reduced to this
choice (which I am far from expecting). It would be necessary to send
back all the horses, and to establish stores of forage sufficient to transport
your provisions and artillery all at once, when the time should come, ac-
cording to the reports of Indian traders. Along the creeks there is grass
all winter beyond the mountains, which would facilitate this expedition.
Sir John"’ has returned and is giving you an account of his observations
as far as Loyal Hannon. It seems that the road wall be very practicable,
except the descent from Laurel Hill, which is in our favor; and you will
see by the enclosed journak’ of Captain Patterson how right you were in
preferring this route.
There are 700 men, in four divisions, employed in cutting the road from
here to Armstrong's post,’ including the detachment which protects the
workers. And as there is miuch to do, and the time is short, I shall
reinforce them m two days with the rest of the first battalion® of Penn-
sylvania, in order to make a new entrenchment at the Major’s post and
some bark covering for a temporary storehouse there. The rest of the
Virginia detachment® will set out to work with Colonel Stephens, who is
cutting on the mountain, and Byrd’s second company^® of workmen will
join Major Lewis to open the gap. This makes in all more than 1200 men
in these 37 miles.
After that, if jmu approve, I shall march to Loyal Hannon before the
road is open from Kickeny Pawlins — with 1500 men of whatever troops
you find suitable. I shall construct a post and storehouses there, and
shall protect our workers cutting the way behind me. It will be easy to
get supplies to this corps by means of the depot above, and with our
pack horses, until the wagons can get through; and I will be able to push
small parties ahead to get news. But in this case it would be necessary
for you to be here, or that you send Colonel Montgomery and Major
Grant or Colonel Washington here. I should not wish to strip the post at
Cumberland entirely, or at least leave the tents up there (if they happen
to have them), in order to keep the enemy in suspense as to your designs;
and it would not be useless to continue to repair Braddock’s road, which
8 August 1758
337
has already been extended 16 miles, and appears to have led the enemy
to make the abattis which Captain Patterson noticed.
There is, in general, the plan which seems to me most suitable for the
present condition of our affairs. I beg you to give me your orders on
what you wish, which shall be done; and while waiting I shall have them
work on the roads with all possible energy.
Yesterday I had word that three sutlers’ wagons which were going from
Juniata to Fort Littleton without escort, were attacked beyond Sideling
Hill by nine Indians who scalped two wagoners and took tw’o prisoners.
And I learned just now that one of our convoys, coming here escorted
by only thirteen men, was attacked on this side of the same mountain,
and had two soldiers wounded. On hearing of the first, I sent out a party
of thirteen Indians and seven volunteers to cut them off by an ambush on
the Frankstown road. Another party of eight Indians and five volunteers
with an officer^^ from Virginia has marched in the direction of Venango,
with orders to take a position on the communication with the fort and
to try to discover if there is not a hidden camp. A third party^- is on
the route beyond Loyal Hannon. A fourth^^ is going straight to the fort,
and I have written^^ to Colonel Washington to push one ahead on Brad-
dock’s route to stay there in ambush. I hope that we shall encounter
some party, and if some of their men can be killed, that will make them
more cautious.
I do not believe that we have lost much by not having news up to the
present, because — whatever its nature- — we are obliged to advance at
least beyond the mountains. It will be then that news will become indis-
pensable, but we shall also find it much easier to get.
We are not much exposed to surprise attacks. All the regiments are
entrenched in squares, and from the beginning pickets have slept every
night on bivouac in the ravelins, besides the camp guards and the small
posts all around on the heights and in the valleys.
I am having the troops drill, but they are very raw, and I cannot give
it all the time necessary.
We have been much exposed to the flux, but our sick men are growing
fewer, and the small pox is not increasing. There are eight in the hos-
pital, and we have no communication with them. I hope that change of
air and camp will stop this grievous illness.
The artillery arrived on the 5th. I have sent the horses (which suffered
a great deal) six miles from the camp, where they will recover themselves.
It is less the difficulty of the roads which has ruined them, than the slow-
ness of their journey on which they lacked forage.
To prevent similar inconvenience in crossing the mountains, I believe
they should be moved m four divisions, giving each one as many horses
as can be used, and sending them back afterward for the rest.
338
8 August 1758
The first division would he able to advance as soon as the troops are
established at Loj^al Hannon. I shall await your orders about this.
Irwin/^ who is a very good man, is examining the horses. He will send
back all which are in no condition for service, and will complete the teams
again.
Tomorrow I am sending seventeen wagonloads of flour to Cumberland,
where they have no more, and at the same time I shall have the muni-
tions brought here which are there.
We have about sixty tons of hay, part at the fort, and the rest seven
miles away. That is all it is possible to get from a country covered with
woods. The rest of the grass can at the most suffice to nourish our cattle
and horses for fifteen days, and there is not perhaps in America a post
which can supply it for so long a time.
The opportunity to make a large store at Cumberland from Cresap’s
meadows was overlooked, but one must give up reflecting on the past,
and provide for our present needs.
Three hundred saddles have been repaired, but we have no more wad-
ding or hair to fill the rest.
Captain Callender has been so busy branding and arranging his horses
that I haven’t yet been able to consult with him about the message to be
given to the Delawares, but that will be done if someone wishes to under-
take it. Crawford^** is with the Mohawk who has gone in your direction.
After what I have informed you concerning the Indians, you would not
expect to lose them. They were in a very good humor yesterday, and have
done nothing but dance since our last treaty.^'^ This morning some one
came to tell me that fifty^® have left secretly to return home. I had them
told through two of their people remaining behind that they should wait
at Fort Loudoun^® to learn what you would decide about the presents
they left there, which they were to get after the campaign. I also added
that I hoped they would commit no violence on the frontiers, and that
they must remember that if the King rewarded them when they behaved
well, he likewise had the power to punish them if they deserved it.
I fear some violence at Fort Loudoun if they do not receive these pres-
ents, and although it is aggravating to be taken in by such rascals, it seems
to me that it would be better to give them the presents than to run the
risk of the consequences of a refusal. Bosomworth, who is furious at
their desertion, is not of this opinion, but his opinion has no great weight
with me.“*^ I beg you to please have orders given about this. It would
be useless enough to try to keep them, because there seems to be much
cowardice back of their retreat. As we are getting nearer the enemy, they
are no longer of such great service, and our men no longer seem to fear
these bugbears.
8 August 1758
339
The thirty whom Bosomworth brought back trom Winchester continue
to be faithful, and their chief-^ talked this morning to the deserters like
a second Alexander: “Go tell the tribe that you have abandoned our
brothers the English, after stealing their goods, but sa}' to our kinsmen
that the warriors of Keevee-- will not abandon them.”
Colonel Burd's Indian-® seems very much attached to us, and his son-^
is being brought up at Philadelphia. From the beginning he has offered
to go m the . . but I have always delaj^ed sending him, until his report
could be of more consequence, as this expedient could be used only once.
It is, besides, apparent that he will begin by revealing to them all that
he knows about us, but the risk can be run as soon as we are read}' to act.
Pardon this long letter; I can only excuse it by the old apology that I
have reallv not had the time to make it shorter. I await with impatience
good news of your health, and am with unchangeable devotion.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* An incomplete draft of this letter is in B. hi., .hdd. MSS. 21640, f. 130.
^Probably carrying Bouquet's letter to Forbes, August 3. which see.
"See Forbes to Bouquet, August 2.
‘See Halkett to Bouquet, August 2.
‘This may be a reference to .\bercromby's letter to Forbes, July 18, 1758, AB, 453.
‘ Sir John St. Clair.
‘See Patterson’s Report on Road, which precedes this.
’ Major George Armstrong’s camp at Kickenapauling.
‘See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, August 8.
-Ibid.
’“Capt. John Posey's company. Ibid.
This may have been Ens. Colby Chew, who was scouting in that vicinity.
Lieut. William Reynolds. See Armstrong to Bouquet, August 8.
“Ens. John Allen, 'ibid.
This probably refers to the orders to waylay the road, which Washington mentioned
in his letter to Bouquet, .August 7. The letter, dated .hugust 3, was not found.
“James Irwin (Erwin), horse master.
“ Ens. Hugh Crawford, and probably Nichas, the Mohawk chief. See Ourrt’ to
Bouquet, August 10.
“See Minutes of Indian Conference, July 11-12.
“ 48 Cherokees left Raystown. August 8. to return home. Bosomworth to Washing-
ton. -August 9. printed in Hamilton. Letters to W ashington. III. 22.
“Fort Loudoun, Penna.
‘‘See Eorbes to Bouquet, July 17.
-'Probably Yellow Bird. Cherokee chief. See Ourry to Bouquet, August 11.
- Keowee, S. C., one of the principal towns of the Lower Cherokee country'.
“ Probably Kissity, or Gishaty. See Burd to Bouquet, August 30.
Kissity’s son was being educated in Philadelphia. Cf. Col. Rees.. VII, 301, and
VHI, 756, 770.
--Missing word is probably “fort,” alluding to Fort Duquesne.
340
8 August 1758
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Raystown Camp, Aug. 8, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Otirry in his to Bouquet, August 10. The letter
apparently contained instructions to keep the Indians, who were enroute to join Forbes’
army, at Fort Loudoun until Forbes’ orders were received.
GEORGE ARMSl'RONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 2164.1, f. 173, A. L. S.]
Camp at Drovvnding Creek 8^'' August 1758
Sir/
Yesterday evening I tec'’ Orders^ from Colonel Stephens to send a party
to the forks of the toad- about 25 M. in this side Fort Duquesne, m order
[in order It to heset that pass as he expected the Enemy that Committed
the late hostility’s^ upon the road between Lyttleton and Juneata, wou’d
probably return that way, and agreeable to his orders have Sent a party
of 32 Men and two Officers with all the necessary precautions in my Power,
with 7 Days Provisions and orders to lay m wait at the forks of the road
2 or three Days, and have also sent off two other small partys,^ to wit,
M'' Reynolds with 2 Soldiers and Kelly'’ the Guid to reconitre the road
from Loyalhanen to the Salt Lick upon General Braddocks road, and
M'' .Allen with 3 Soldiers and Brown‘d the Guide to Spye towards F. Du-
quesne. The Sending of these party’s will retard the Cutting of the road
a little, however what Men remains Shall be employed Constantly in that
labour towards Colonel Stephens according as You ordered.
I am Sir
Your most Obedient Hble Servl
Geo. Armstrong
P. S.
Sir
d he two Small party’s were dispatched acording to S'’ John S* Clairs
orders.
Colonel Bouquet
t Stricken out.
8 August 1758
341
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Armstrong 8*^'* [July]t
August
t Stricken out.
^See Stephen to Bouquet, August 8.
^Hannastown in Westmoreland County, near Crabtree Creek. This was a crucial
road junction, with roads leading to Shannopin’s Town, Turtle Creek, and north-
ward to Kiskiminetas.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, August 8.
’ See George Armstrong to Bouquet, August 7.
^ Possibly Joseph Kelly of Burd's Augusta Regiment from the second battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment.
® This may have been James Brown, an old Indian trader, or possibly John Brown
who served as scout with the South Carolina troops and was familiar with much
of the Indian country.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 174, A. L. S.]
Camp at Edmunds Swamp August 8*"'* 1758
My O'- Col.
The Tools were extreamly trouhlesome to Carry, so that we got to this
place only Yesterday about 10 O’Clock. Cap*^ Eields^ arnvd in the after-
noon with 13 horseload of flour ik nine bags of pork. The Day Spent in
reconnoitring the Woods round the Camp, in clearing the Spring & mak-
ing Reservoirs of Water. The Spring at this place will afford enough of
Water to drink, but for no other Uses.
Sent a party with orders- to Maj”' Armstrong, relative to the Contents
of Y'' Letter® to me. This morning has set the men to work about bridging
the Swamp, and goes my Self with a party to reconnoitre the Shades of
Death,^ a dismal Place! and wants only a Cerberus’ to represent Virgils
gloomy description'* of SEneas's entering the Infernal Regions.
I design to give you as Easy a passage through them as possible but
it will be an Herculean Labour; and the few men I can employ after a
days hard working, will Scarcely leave their marks at Night.
I want about 400 more men to employ on this Side the mountain, I
wish you would be so good as send me the Virginians ik Cap* AT'Clughans’
Company. I will then .Answer your Expectation — Hurl mountains out of
their Seat — Shortly have a Waggon Road to the Top of Lawrel-Hill, &
keep Scouting parties Constantly beyond the Loyal Hannin. It would
fix the Enemies Attention to Gen' Braddocks' Road, to order a party from
E Cumberland to repair it as far as the G* Crossing of Youghgeny.
I have sent you a Return® of the men on this Side the mountain. I was
Obligd to leave the grind stone with Maj'' Lewis; as his Axes were Useless
342
8 August 1758
without it, but expect it up by the party escorting the packhorses to this
post. I have sent the horses to M’' Evans, ^ without the least hurt & all
the Ropes. I have the honour to be
Sir
your most Oblig^ hub' Ser-
Adam Stephen
P. S. The men with me fall short of what you imagine!
This moment M’" Chatter Box'" arrivd with the Cherokees and
Stalnakin'^ &c which helps to Exhaust the provision, at the Same
time returnd the horses from Maj'' Armstrong, with advice that
the parties are gone to answer your Intentions. I want 40 more
Axes for Alaj'' Armstrong & Self
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Stephens S*'' Aug: 1758
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To Col. Henry Bouquet Com-
manding His Alajestys Forces on the Western Frontiers.
Camp near Raes-Town
^ Capt. John Field.
* See George Armstrong to Bouquet, August 2.
® Not found.
* The name was frequently applied, by travelers in Pennsylvania, to places where the
forest was so dense that the sunlight did not penetrate.
^ The three-headed dog at the gate of Hades.
''Virgil’s Aeneid, Book VI, lines 237-241. Translation by Theodore C. Williams,
Riverside Literature Series.
“ . . . . Straightway they find
A cave profound, of entrance gaping wide,
O’erhung with rock, in gloom of sheltering grove.
Near the dark waters of a lake, whereby
No bird might ever pass with scathless wing.
So dire an exhalation is breathed out
From that dark deep of death to upper air:”
’ Capt. John McClughan of the Lower Counties.
*'Not found.
Eliazer Evans, wagoner of Berks County.
^"Chatter Box, a Cherokee Indian, served with Eorbes’ troops, on the march to Eort
Duquesne.
” Probably Capt. Samuel Stalnaker, of Virginia.
343
C. 9 August 1758
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
iB. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 54, A. Df.]*
[Raystown Camp, c. Aug. 9, 1758]
Sir
I had the pleasure of two Letters^ from you this morning, and as one^
of them was upon a [Subject of]t most important Subject, I read it with
great attention, [and indeed ]t as everything that has been so seriously
considered by you deserves my utmost regard, your arguments are clear,
and [arejt delivered with that openess and candour that becomes a Gen-
tleman and a Soldier, but give me leave my Dear Sir to answer you in
the same stile. At the same time I was favourd with your Letter,^ I re-
ceived one^ from the General, with express Orders to begin to open the
road from this place across the Allegeny Mountains, and as I shall allways
[observe]! obey the directions of a Superiour Officer with readiness; there
was no room left to hesitate. In the present case I shall execute them
with the greater pleasure, as Col. Burd who is this Moment arrived from
Edmund Swamp, whither he had accompanied S'' John S*^ clair, assures
me that a very good Waggon road may be made with ease and speed
through the Gap“ that we have lately discovered, and this is the joint
opinion of every person who went, they also agree that there are great
numbers of fine springs the whole way, and good food for Horses so far
as they have yet gone. Sir John went forward this morning, and sent me
back [word that he]t word by a person coming from Major Armstrong,
that as far as he had gone he found the road good, and every other thing
answering our expectations [I have]! I cannot therfore entertain the
least doubt that we shall all now go on hand in hand and that the same
Zeal [that]! for the service that has hitherto been so distinguishing a
part of your character will carry you by Reas Town over the Allegeny
Mountains to Fort Du Quesne
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Letter to Col. Wash the Aug.
* Original not found.
+ Stricken out.
^ Probably Washington’s letters of .August 6 and 7. which see.
"See Washington to Bouquet, August 6.
® Evidently this refers to Washington's letter on the roads, .August 2, which see.
* See Halkett to Bouquet, July 31, written at Forbes’ request.
See Rhor’s Report on Road, Juh^ 31.
344
9 August 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 133, A. L. S.]*
[Carlisle, Aug. 9, 1758]
My Dear Sir.
I write you these few lines, to acciuaint you that I am now able to
write, after 3 weeks of a most violent and tormenting Distemper, which
thank God seems now much abated as to pain, but has left me as weak
as a new horn Infant, however, I hope to have strength enough, to sett out
from this upon Eryday next.
I have by this delay or rather stay here, been enabled to provide what
otherwise must have created ane Intire stop to all proceedings, and that
is forrage. Erom Raes Town to this, there was none, so no wonder Your
Waggon horses fell away, And the nonsense of telling you that wee had
forrage m Virginia and at Fort Cumberland was just as much to our pur-
pose as having plenty at London.
1 have sent you up some Indians with Dunlop^ & Ffambtiss," I propose
they should set out Directly for Intellegence from the Ohio. M'' S‘ clair'^
will tell you my scheme for them. And Lawrence Berck^ knows all the
Country about Loyall Hallan’’ so after examining them you will give them
the Directions yon think proper but I think Berck ought to endeavour to
join Frederick Post,*’’ who is now with the Meads of the Delawares^ with
ane Invitation to them to return to their own Country. There names are
Newcoma, Kustuloga, Pisqtiamin &c who have already in a manner agreed
to come to us, which if they can be perswaded to do, you will have every
one Delaware come back to you. I suspect that they have thrown up
ane Intrenchment before fort du quesne, from the Ohio to the Monongo-
hela but this can be easily ascertained as it may be overlooked from the
high Grounds, by means of a Spying Glass.
I hope your new road advances briskly, and that from the Allegany
Hill to Laurell Hill may be carrying forward by different partys, at the
same Time that you are making the pass of the Allegany practicable.
By a very unguarded letter'^ of Col: Washingtons that Accidentally
fell into my hands, I am now at the bottom, of their Scheme against this
new road, A Scheme that I think v/as a shame for any officer to be Con-
cerned in, but more of this at meeting, let all out posts advanced & work-
ing partys keep a very strickt and exact look out as no doubt the French
will try something, when they come to be Serre^
Complem*'' to all Friends, and tell me friend Gov"' Glen, not to turn
Indian and weary of his situation wee shall soon make amends, for the
many many retractments wee have mett with, And betwixt you and I be
it said, as wee are now so late, wee are yet to soon. This is a parable that
I shall soon explain.
9 August 1758
345
I am quite tyred but very much
Y’’ Most ob*^ hum' Serv*
Jo: Forbes.
Carlisle Aug?'' 9"'
pray let the Artillery putt all their things to rights and keep them close
at it, for their dilatory doings putts me mad, Let M"" Hay^*^ propose some
Sky Rocketts as the best signalls in those hellish woods.
Adieu
I wrote you at First that I designd Major Armstrong should have gone on
from Laurell Hill, to try his fortune in getting Intellegence or a prisoner,
and to have nothing to do with making the road, as I thought his Fanatick
Zeal would make him do the first well, and that I thought he knew nothing
of making of roads
C: Bouquet.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Gen' Forbes 9"* Aug
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding the troops at Raestown
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 170.
"James Dunlap.
^ Ambas or Ambies.
" Sir John St. Clair.
" Lawrence Burck, Indian trader, whose activities were evidently in question. Cf.
Burck to Peters, July 17, 1758, printed in Pa. Arch., Series 1, III, 478-479.
® Loyalhanna.
"Christian Frederick Post (c. 1710-1785), Moravian missionary, noted for his
negotiations with the various Indian tribes, accounts of which are contained in his
Journals.
"Delaware chiefs residing on Beaver Creek.
"Possibly Washington's letter to Halkett, August 2, 1758, although it does not disclose
any scheme against the new road. A letter to Fauquier, August 5, would meet the
specifications, but how that letter could have fallen into Forbes’ hands is open to
question. Both letters are printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington. II, 260-261.
" “close.”
“ Probably Capt. David Hay.
346
10 August 1758
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 135, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Carlisle 10**’ August 1758
Dear Sir
This day the General Received j^our letter,* with an account of the
Revolt of 50 Cherokee Indians, who were begun their March to Fort
Loudoun, to demand the presents laid up in Store by the General, to have
been given them at the end of the Campaign; in Consequence of which
Major Grant Marches this after noon with two of Highland Companys,
he is to continue his Route to Fort Loudoun- with the utmost expedition,
& expects to be there to morrow after noon, as he goes free of all Incum-
brances upon that account.
In regard to the provisions, the General has fix’d that afair entirely
with Mt Hoops, who writes^ to ]\U Howell Express to morrow.
The General is so much Recover'd, that he proposes to begin his March
to morrow after noon, with all the Highlanders, & light horse that are here,
& his arrival at Reas town will I believe be a very welcome sight to you;
I wish it could have been sooner. I am Dear Sir
Your most obedient & most humble Servant
Francis Halkett
P S
I inclose the Papers I ought not to call them news [. . .] they old but
they will [Serve] one use or another
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Halkett Aug:
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 172.
” See Bouquet to Forbes, August 8.
"Fort Loudoun, Penna.
^ Not found.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 21, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun ce 10™® Aoust. 1758
Monsieur
Je regus hier au Soir I'honeur de la Votre du S'!"®* Courant. J'apprehende
I'arrivee de ces 50 Indiens,- dans la pauvre Situation ou je me trouve
appresent. J’espere cependant que nous pourons, selon vos Instructions
(que j’ay communiquez a Cap? Sharp)^ les retenir icy jusqu’a ce que les
Ordres de Mons’' le General nous parviennent; pour cet effet nous avons
immediatement depeche quartre Chevaux Legers frais, avec vos Lettres.
10 August 1758
347
Et j’ay eu I’honeur d’ecrire'* en meme terns a Monsieur le General pour
I’informer que Mons?' le Cap^ Sharp, retenoit icy M"" Crawford, “ ( qui de-
voir vous remetre les incluses) parce que dans les Conjunctures presentes
il nous seroit tres utile, pour interpreter, par le Canal du Mohawk*^ qu’il
accompagne, qui parle bien le Langage des CherokeeS. II est arrive
heureusement icy, une deini-heure avant votre Expres, et j’ay cru que
nous ne devions pas nous defaire d’un Interprete si necessaire, dans une
Circonstance aussi delicate que la presente.
Vous receverez aussi-tot que cette Lettres, les Outils qui sont venus du
Fort Frederick; j’en ay encore icy quelques uns, que j’ay regus du Maj''
Wells: je me propose d’en laisser une partie pour I’usage du Fort, et
d’envoyer le reste a Reastown avec 5 ou 6 Grind-Stones, par le premier
Convoy, lequel doit arriver icy demain. George Lattimore,’^ qui fut blesse
par les Indiens en sortant de Littleton, se porte Mieux, la Bale ayant
seulement traverse la partie charnue du dessous de la Cuisse. Nous I’avons
panse, & soigne icy jusqu’a bier apres Alidi que sa femme I’a enmene
dans un Waggon.
Vous aurez, sans doute appris le Succes de I’Amiral Hawke,® qui ayant
rencontre une Escadre Frangoise de 27 Vaisseux de Eigne allont au secours
de Louisbourg en a pris, et coule 16. C’est une bonne Nouvelle, et Ton
pretend certaine — Mais cela ne rend pas la Vie a nos bons Amis du Nord.
Dieu veuille preserver ceux qui nous restent encore, et vous continuer sa
Protection.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre tres respectueusem-
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres Obeissant Serviteur
L® OURRY
Aussi tot que nous aurons pris quelque arrangement avec les Indien, je
vous le communiquerai, pour vous tirer d’inquietude de ce cote la.
J’ay honte de vous ecrire sur de si mauvais Papier, mais le mien etant fini
il y a longtems, j’ai emprunte celui ci de Cap^ Sharp.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwritmg] Lieut Ourrv 10^'' Aug:
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet at Reastown
[TRANSLATION]
Fort Loudoun, Aug. 10, 1758.
Sir,
I had the honor of receiving yours of the 8*^^ instant yesterday evening.
I dread the arrival of those fifty Indians,- in the wretched situation I am
in now. I hope, however, that we shall be able, according to your instruc-
tions (which I have communicated to Captain Sharp),® to hold them here
348
10 August 1758
until the General’s orders reach us. For this reason we immediately dis-
patched four fresh light horses with your letters. And at the same time I
had the honor of writing^ to the General to inform him that Captain
Sharp was keeping M’' Crawford® here (who was to deliver the enclosed
to you), because in the present conjunctures he would be very useful to
us to interpret through the Mohawk'^ rascal whom he accompanies, and
who speaks the Cherokee tongue fluently. Fortunately he reached here
half an hour before your express, and I believed that we ought not to
deprive ourselves of such a necessary interpreter in a situation so delicate
as the present.
You will receive as soon as these letters the tools which came from
Fort Frederick. I still have some here which I received from Major
Wells. I intend to leave part of them for the use of the fort, and to send
the rest to Raystown with 5 or 6 grindstones, by the first convoy, which
should arrive here tomorrow. George Lattimore,’' who was wounded by
the Indians on his way from Littleton, is better, the ball having passed
through only the lower fleshy part of his thigh. We dressed the wound
and took care of him until yesterday afternoon when his wife took him
away in a wagon.
You will no doubt have heard of the victory of Admiral Hawke who,
having encountered a French squadron of 27 ships of the line going to
the rescue of Lotiisbourg, captured some of them and sank sixteen. This
is good news, and said to be official, but that does not bring life back to
our good friends of the North. May God preserve those who still remain
with us and continue to protect you.
I have the honor to be ver}^ respectfully
Sir
Your most humble and most obedient servant
L® OuRRY
As soon as we have made some arrangement with the Indians, I will in-
form you, to relieve you of anxiety on that score. I am ashamed to write
on such poor paper, but mine has long since been exhausted. I borrowed
this from Captain Shatp.
^ Not found.
^Cherokees who left Raystown about August 8. See Bouquet to Forbes, August 8.
^ Capt. James Sharp.
* Not found.
Ens. Hugh Crawford.
“Probably Nichas, Mohawk chief. See Bouquet to Forbes, August 8.
’ No further identification.
10 August 1758
349
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. i\I., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 176, A. L. S.]
Sir, Camp at Edmunds Swamp August 10^*^ 1758
In my last^ I took Leave of you, to enter the Shades of Death, and now
I have the pleasure to inform you of my Easy passage.
I attempted them on horse back, but found Admittance so difficult
that I was Obligd to part with horse. Sword & Coat, and make my wa}^
good with the Tomhawk.
Near thirty of Us Spread, & wandered through those Shades, perplexd
with Lawrels, Logs & Rocks; coverd with weeds, or Brambles interwoven
with Young Locust; and were so lucky in our researches, that had it not
been for this days Rain, before night a Coach & Six might have easily
past through the place.
Ensign Chew- left us yesterday morning, with his Party in good Spirits
I sent a Corp”^ & ten men, on the eight, to iscort the Carrying horses
to Maj'' Lewis’s^ Party & bring up the grind stone; but has not heard of
them Since.
Doc^'' Johnston has fallen ill, which prevents his coming up, and Acci-
dents happen daily that require a Surgeon; Some in the parties out, may
Chance to come in sick or wounded, which makes a gentleman of the
Eaculty necessary on the mountains.
I shall not believe you are in earnest about this Road, untill you employ
more men on it.
I Question if the Enemy dreams of your Opening a Communication
this way, and what a glorious thing it would be, to have a Lodgement^
on the Loyal-hannon'^ before they ever suspected your Intentions.
The Tools will be much shatterd & worn out before we get over the
mountains. I have sent none to Major Armstrong,” He wrote me he could
do but little, so many of his men were gone on Party, &: I Use all I have
got.
Cap* Eields® has perswaded me to let one of his Subalterns come down,
having receid Advice, that his Subaltern** & men left at Raystown Camp
grow daily worse. I have only two left, having sent one to Maj'' Arm-
strong, upon So many of his Officers being out. I want a Couple of good
Serjeants, there are but two of Cap* Hardings that know any thing of
the matter, and all the Officers are Raw except Cap* Harding & hU Ray.***
Please to Observe the Inclosd memorandum.** I have the honour to be
with the greatest Respect,
Sir,
Your most Ob* hu*’* Ser^
Ad.^m Stephen
350
10 August 1758
{Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting^ Col. Stephen Aug. 10‘^
[Addressed] On His Alajestys Service To Col. Henry Bouquet Com-
manding His Majesty’s Forces on the Western Frontiers
Camp at Rays Town
^ See Stephen to Bouquet, August 8.
“ Ens. Colby Chew, commissioned in the Virginia Regiment, c. June, 1757, later pro-
moted to lieutenant.
^ Not identified.
■' Major Andrew Lewis, cutting road at top of Aliegheny Hill.
“An entrenchment or defensive work. This later became Forbes’ advance camp, on
his march to Fort Duquesne.
** Loyalhanna Creek, midway between the Juniata and Ohio rivers, on the route
from Raystown to Duquesne.
’ Major George Armstrong.
* Capt. John Field.
“ Lieut. John Lawson and soldiers with small-pox.
“Probably I ieut. Joseph Ray, commissioned in 62nd Regiment, February, 1756.
Not found.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, f. 214, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 10^** Aug: 1758
Dear Sir
Cap^ Possey's Company is marched upon the Road, and as the Small
Pox broke out some days ago in your Regl I have Sent them all Col.
Stephens over Allegheny Hill:^ The first Batt. of Pensilvania will follow
them and we Shall have about 1200 Alen in the distance of 36 miles.
The Road will be cut to morrow night to the foot of the mountain,
where different Parties are to join to cut the Gap, and join the Division
wl^ Col. Stephens.
I have Sent you Provisions, and the Waggon Alaster has his Directions
for his Load. I beg of you to give the necessary orders to expedite that
Convoy. Sir John has wrote- you upon it and given directions for the
forrage to be issued to the Waggoners.
Your men have lefft their Coats here, but as this Expedition goes on
So Slowly, I am afraid the Winter will overtake us, before you can get
your Cloathing again; for my Part I have Sent for the Coats of the R. A.
and make them were them: Please to give your orders to L Col Stephens
on the Subject. They could be lefft at Loyal Hanning our first deposite
and would be at hand at all Events.
Besides the two Waggoners Scalped and the two missing, one of our
Escorts was attaked the Same day had two men wounded, but lost none;
another man-^ riding down was Shot thro’ the thigh; but Saved by imme-
Col. Washington
10 August 1758 351
diate assistance. I hope that Some of those rascals will fall in Some of
our Parties.
We have lost 50 of our Indians, but I don’t look on them to be of great
Service if we are once over the mountains, which will Shortly be the Case.
As our Troop of Light Horse is too much harassed by continual Serv-
ices, I desire you will Send me half of Cap- Stuart’s Troops,^ with one or
two of his ofHcers, as you may think necessary to take care of them.
I expect daily the General or his orders to march mySelf to Loyal
Hanning: We find happily less difficulty in opening the Road than we
imagined To this moment the choice of Roads has not contributed to
retard the Expedition: The artillery horses are So harrassed that they
can not move for 8 da5^s.
No Letters nor News from the Settlements, a Letter^ from Boston 24-*^
July makes no mention of Louisburg, which I do not like.
5600 men under the Comand of Brig: General Stanwix are marched to
the Carrying Place upon Mohawk River, to oppose a great Body of french
coming down that Way.
Please to write to M? Walker to Send us as soon as possible a Supply
of Cattle: The Calculation upon Paper will Starve us.
If the Tools from [Cumberland]! Fort Frederic are Sent to Cumber-
land, Send them to us.®
I am
Sr
Your most obed^ hble servant
Henry Bouquet
If you have any miners Please to order them here’’’
[Endorsed] [from] Colonel Bouquet 10^** Aug^ 1758
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service
To
Colonel Washington Commanding His Majesty’s Forces
at Fort Cumberland
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 24-26.
t Stricken out.
^ See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, August 10.
St. Clair to Washington, August 9, printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington,
HI, 23-24.
“ George Lattimore. See Ourry to Bouquet, August 10.
‘ Capt Robert Stewart and his Virginia troop of Light Horse, serving as grass guard
at Cresap’s.
' Not found.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, August 13.
’ Ibid.
352
10 August 1758
RATES AND PRICES AT RAYSTOWN
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21654, f. 7, D. S.]*
Rates & Prices Settled upon Sutlers Goods at Rays Town by
Order^ of CoP Bouquet Commanding Officer August 10*** 1758
Sundry
Articles
Prices at
Rays Town
Prices at
Loyal
Hannon
Prices at
tbe Ohio.
Madeira Wine
18/ p Gallon
20/ p Gallon
22/ p Gallon
^udonia D®
11/ ..
D°. .
11/
. Dr .
12/
Dr
West India Rum
10/ ..
D".
1 1/6^ D° or
13/.
D° or
5'> p
Gill ..
6^ p
Gill ..
Spirits
12/ ..
Dr
13/
. Dr.
15/
, D" . .
Shrub
27/ . .
Dr .
30/
. Dr.
33/
Dr .
Dry Goods 25
p C- at Rays-
Shrub Punch . .
2/ for
3
2/3 for 3
3/ for 3
Town Allow-
pints
pints
pints
ing 4** p*' lb
Fruit D“
D«
D'>
. Dr
for Carriage
to Rays-Town
Sangoree . .
D'>
D*'
. . Dr .
50 p Cl at
Loyal Hannon
Mim
1 /3 for 3
1/ .
1/10
D°
75/ at the
pints
Ohio, upon
Cordials
the Original
Invoices and
Single Refin’d
2/ p
Pound
2/3 p Pound
2/6
p*' lib
all Charges
Sugar
to Rays-Town.
Brown D“ ....
1/3 ,
Dr
1/6
Dr
1/9
. . Dr
Hard Soap ....
1/4 .
Dr
1/7
. Dr
1/10
Dr
Tamarinds
2/
Dr
2/3
Dr
2/6
. Dr
Candles
1/6 .
Dr
1/9
. Dr
2/ .
. Dr
Shoes
8/ p*-
pair
9/ p
pair
10/
p*' pair
English Cheese
1/6 p
^ lb
1/9
5*' lb . .
2/ p
Mb . .
Chocolate
2/6 ,
Dr
!2/10
Dr
!3/2
D"
10 August 1758
353
Sundry
Articles
Prices at
Rays Town
Prices at
Loyal
Hannon
Prices at
the Ohio
Coffee
1/8 .. DC.
1/11
DC
2/2 . . DC ,
Bohea Tea ....
12/ , . DC .
13/ .
. DC .
14/ . . DC .
Wryting Paper.
2/ p’' Quire
2/3 p
Quire
2/6 p'' Quire
All the Sut-
lets to pro-
Pepper
5/ p-- lb ...
5/6 p
Mb . .
6/ p"” lb
vide Dinner
& Suppers for
Wine Vinegar .
10/ p'' Gallon
12/p'' Gallon
15/p'' Gallon
the Officers
1
of the Corps
Mustard
1 /y p"" Bottle
2/ p
Bottle
2/3 p Bottle
to which they
belong, they
Sallad Oyl . . .
5/ p Bottle
6/ .,
DC
7/ ... DC .
giving in
their Rations
Cyder Vinegar .
3/ p’' Gallon
4/ p--
Gallon
5/ p"' Gallon
& paying 6'*
p'' day for
Indian Blankets
20/
22/ .
'25/
Cooking also
Paying for
Match Coats .
15/
|17/ .
120/
what Liquors
they drink.
Oznabrigs
j
Pigtail Tobacco
1/6 p Ib
:i/9 p
lb . .
2/ p lb ....
Leaf ... D° . .
i9d iy„
|i/ . .
DC
il/3 . Dc
Camp at
j
Rays-Town
Prick ... D" . .
9" D"
1/
D"
il/3 DC
15^‘' Aug*^
1 1
1758.
Butter
1/3 D"
l,/6
D"
2 D”
Gammons
1/1 D"
1 /3
D"
1/6 DC
Sign’d,
James Burd
Smoak’d Beef .
1/ Dc
'1/ .
D'>
1/3 . . DC .
2’’ B: P: R:
I^residf
Dry’d Neats
1' Dc
1/3 .
Dc
1/6 Dc
Tongues
& Approv’d
American Cheese
10-^ DC
V
Do
1 '3 D"
by Me
Whiskey
5/ p*' Gallon
6/6 p'
Gallon
8/ p' Gallon
Henry
Bouquet
American Rum
5/ , , D“
6/6
D°
8/ . D" .
[Endorsed] Suttlers Goods and Rates
*A copy of document is in B. M., Add. MSS, 21658, f. 37, signed by Col. John
Armstrong, first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment, another copy in Shippen
Military Papers, Vol. IX, pt. 1, 121, also printed in Hamilton Letters to Washington
III, 27-28.
^ See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, August 8 and 26.
354
11 August 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 137, A. L. S.]*
Rays Town Camp lU*^ Aug: 1758
A'lonsieur:
Je Suis fache d’etre oblige de vous ecrire des Choses desagreables: Les
Boeufs que nous attendions tons les Jours n’arrivent point. Et nous n’en
avons plus que 64 qui ne pourront fournir que 8 Jours a la Subsistance
de I’armee. Et II n’y a que 100 Barils de Pore iqy, et point a Cumberland.
Je vous prie de faire donner vos ordres la dessus. J’ecris a I’officier^ qui
commande a Fort Loudoun de faire marcher icy les Boeufs qui peuvent
etre a Chambers’s, ou dans Son Voisinage: Mt Hoops qui recoit les
Returns de Clark,- devroit pourvoir d’avance a la Subsistance des Troupes.
L’lndien'^ du Col. Burd est le Sujet le plus propre a employer pour
passer chez les D . II est grand amy de I’un des Chefs nommes
dans votre Lettre,'^ et il S’engage de lui porter le Message, et d’aller avec
luy chez les S Sur quoy je lui ai donne les Instructions neces-
salres; II est party ce matin Seul, n’ayant point voulu d’home blanc,
et a I’jinsan] des Cherokee: II promet d’etre de retour dans 15 Jours,
et S’il peut il m envoyera quelctm de la nation avant ce terns la. II dit
qu’il a ete trop long terns avec nous, pour oser entrer dans le Fort, ou
il est fort connu, mais qu’il peut executer Sa Comission Sans risque.
Cap- Bollin avec 31 Catawba, & 27. Tusc. & [Wab] Sont attendus a
Cumberland de Winchester. Il faudra quelque Blanketts pour les equiper,
et Surtout du Vermilion. Gist Se donne les airs de les avoir procures.
Le Service n’est pas fort considerable mais il n’y a aucune Part.
Par la negligence des Boulangers qui cuisoient du Biscuit 12 de nos
Fours ont ete brules la nuit dernleres Je les feray retablir.^
Je n’ay pu obtenir encore un Raport de I’artillerie, ils sont occupes a
former la Liste de tons les articles que je vous envoyeray
Le Chemin est coupe jusqii’au Pied de I’Allegheny, et Ton commence
aujourdhuy le Gap; Les deux divisions qui coupent au dessus de la
Montague trotivent plus d’obstacles, et ne peuv^^ pas aller Si vite: Ces
outils laisses a Fort Frederic nous font perdre bien du terns, on y a aussi
envoye 12 grind Stones dont nous avons le plus grand besoin: Je n’ay
pas garde dix haches dans le Camp, et les coupeurs m’en demandent de
tons cotes: Le Terrein est pierreux en plusieurs Endroits Et les outils
Sont bientot emousses.
Sir John® retourne aujourdhuy Sur le Chemin pour presser I’ouvrage:
Tous les Virginiens Sont marches avec les deux Comp^®® d’ouvriers, et des
General Forbes
11 August 1758
355
que les Comptes du Batt. d’Armstrong Seront Soldes, je les envoyerai
a Kickeny Pawlins,^ ou je commence aujourdhuy un petit depot de
Provisions.
Les Troupes de Caroline n’etant pas en Etat de faire aucun Service
a I’armee, manquant de tout, Je les envoyerai a Juniatta pour relever une
Comp? d’Armstrong,® et renforcer ce Poste qui est trop foible.
Si le Major Grant pouvoit Se rendre icy, il pourroit Se charger d’une
Partie de la Besogne, que je ne puis plus faire Seul, et je n’ay personne
qui I’entende.
J’attens de vos Nouvelles avec bien de I’lmpatience, Et Suis avec un
respectueux attachem'^
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
EIenry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Letter Coh Bouquet Rays Town IP^ Aug* 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Raystown Camp, August 11, 1758.
Sir:
I am sorry to be obliged to write you unpleasant things. The cattle
which we have been expecting every day have not arrived, and we have
no more than 64, which can furnish only eight days’ subsistence to the
army. And there are only 100 barrels of pork here, and none at all in
Cumberland.
I beg you to have your orders given on this subject. I am writing to
the officer* commanding at Fort Loudoun to send any cattle here which
may be at Chambers’ or in his neighborhood. Mr. Hoops, who receives
Clark’s^ returns, should provide in advance for the subsistence of the
troops.
Colonel Burd’s Indian® is the best qualified person to use for going
among the D[elawares]. He is a great friend of one of the chiefs men-
tioned in your letter,* and he promises to carry the message to him, and
to go with him among the S[hawnees], about which I have given him
the necessary instructions. This morning he left alone, as he did not
want a white man v/ith him, and unknown to the Cherokees. He promises
to return in 15 days, and if he can, he will send me some one from the
tribe before that time. He says that he has been with us too long to
dare enter the fort, where he is well known, but that he can accomplish
his errand without risk.
356
11 August 1758
Captain Bullen with 31 Catawbas and 27 Tusc[aroras] and [Wabash]
are expected at Cumberland from Winchester. Some blankets are needed
to outfit them, and especially some vermdion. Gist pretends that he has
procured them [the Indians]. This is not very important, but he had
no part in it.
Through the negligence of the bakers, who were baking biscuit, twelve
of our ovens were burned last night. I shall have them rebuilt.^
I could not as yet obtain a report from the artillery. They are busy
making a list of all the articles which I shall send to you.
The road is cut as far as the foot of the Allegheny, and they are begin-
ning on the gap today. The two divisions who are cutting over the
mountain are encountering more obstacles, and cannot advance so rapidly.
Those tools left at Fort Frederic are making us lose a great deal of time.
Twelve grindstones have also been sent there, of which we are in the
greatest need. I have not kept ten axes in the camp, and the cutters
ask me for them from all sides. The terrain is rocky in several places,
and the tools soon become dull.
Sir John^‘ is returning to the road today to hurry the work. All the
Virginians marched with the two companies of workmen, and as soon
as the accounts of Armstrong’s battalion are settled, I shall send them
to Kickeny Pawlins,’^ where I am beginning a small provisions’ depot
today.
As the Carolina troops, lacking everything, are in no condition to be
of any service to the army, I shall send them to Juniata, to relieve a
company of Armstrong’s,® and to reinforce that post, which is too weak.
If Major Grant could come here, he could take over part of the work,
which I can no longer do alone — and I have no one who understands it.
I await your news with much impatience, and am, with respectful
affection.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* There is an incomplete draft of this letter in B. M., .\(]d. MSS. 21640, f. 136.
^ Capt. Lewis Ourry. See Ourry to Bouquet, July 4.
” Daniel Clark.
® Kissity.
* See Forbes to Bouquet, August 9.
^ See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, August 10.
” Sir John St. Clair.
’’ Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
® Col. John Armstrong.
11 August 1758
357
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Camp near Raystown, Aug 11, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by St. Clair in his to Bouquet, August 12. There is
no indication of the contents of the missing letter.
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[Camp near Raystown, Aug. 11, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Colonel Stephen on August 13.
Apparently the letter contained orders to reconnoiter the various Indian paths between
Edmund’s Swamp and Fort Duquesne.
GEORGE ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. U., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 178, A. L. S.]
Drownding Creek IP'’ August 1758
Sir/
This Evening Lieu* Patterson" returned with his party after being
one night at the parting of the Roads- about 29" Miles from Fort Du-
quesne, and informs me, upon Thursday morning pretty early he was
obliged to make fires to Dry the Mens Blankets, as the night before
was excessive wet, and that soon after he heard some shots fired by the
Enemy upon the right hand of the road, upon which he immediately
prepair’d his party to go farther along the road in order to head the
Enemy, who happened to be the party who had perpitrated the late
murther^ upon the Wagon road, hut soon after found the Tracks of some
of the Indians who had been spying his Camp very near his Centinals,
& perrsLied with great dispatch for the space of 2 Miles where he found
that the Enemy had seperated and three of them took the road to the
Fort,'" and the others, who he supposed to have the Presinors, [to the]t
took off the road in small party, so that he imagined he cou’d have no
success in following them, therefore, turned home Mt Allen'" proceeded
his own road, as did AP Reynolds® The Tw’o party’s of Indians set off
from here today with nigh 20 Days provisions. As the Enemy undoubtedly
discovered Mt Patterson it may be reasonable to expect some French
partys this way and wou’d it not then be necessary for us soon to be
in readiness to meet them over Lawrel Hill.
A Commissary being here wou’d give us much ease
I am Sir with great esteem
Your most obedient Humble Servant
G. Armstrong
Colonel Bouquet
t Stricken out.
358 11 August 1758
{Endorsed hi Bouquet’s handzvriting] Major Armstrong ll-*^ Aug:
^ Lieut. William Patterson, commissioned, December 3, 1757, in the second battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment.
^ At Hannastown.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, August 8.
^ Fort Duquesne.
^ Ens. John Allen. See George Armstrong to Bouquet, August 7.
” Lieut. William Reynolds. Ibid.
Dear Col?
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 19, A. L. S.]
Fort Loudoun Augi y® lU'* 1758.
I have the pleasure to inform you that the Indians^ have behaved
with great Mildness, and you may be sure have received the greatest
Civilities. They arrived here Yesterday about Sun Set & soon After,
the Yellow Bird & an other Chief, ^ desired a Conference in the Fort (for
we had given them to understand that only a Certain Number, even of
English were allow’d to be in it) They were readily & chearfully admited,
their Talk was as favourable & more so, than we could expect, and the
drift of it was to get their Presents this Day and go home tomorrow.
Therefore we proposed them a Talk the next Day, in Answer to theirs,
& I am just come from it. They seem’d satisfied with every part of it,
except the puting off the delivery of their Presents ’till tomorrow, which
we founded on the impossibility of acting without Orders from our
Chief Warrior,® to whom we told them, we had sent a Messenger, for
the Person, & the Order Necessary, & that he would be here [tonightjf
tomorrow. However, they began to murmur a little on the hardship of
being deprived the use of their own things. And just as I told them,
that I hoped they would not think much of waiting one Day more than
they propos’d, since it would give their Sick an opportunity of resting
& refreshing themselves — in came, vastly a propos, an Express, with
Maj?" Halket’s LeW acquainting me that Maj^^ Grant was marching with
the greatest Expedition, at the Head of two Companies of Highlanders,
& with proper Instructions, and that he would be here this Evening
with 100 Men. I took this Opportunity to shew the Indians how diligent
we had been, & how ready the Great Warrior was to oblige them: for
that the Person & the Order necessary for the delivery of their Goods,
would be here this evening, & that they might be sure to have them
tomorrow. They seem Satisfied; and I am extreamly so at the approach
t Stricken out.
12 August 1758
359
of Maj^ Grant, as you may easily immagine. Had it not been for Mt
Crawford,® & the Mohawk,® nous aurions ete fort embarassesJ
J’espere Monsieur que vous etes tranquille appresent sur ce Sujet.
Nous avons icy, la Satisfaction, d’avoir pris, d’avance, les mesures & les
precautions que le Maj’’ Halket nous recommande.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre avec Respect
Monsieur
Votre tres humble 8: tres Obeissant Serviteur®
L®- OURRY
Cob Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s hand'ivriting] Gurry upon Indian affairs
10-*' Aug:
^The SO Cherokee deserters.
° Yellow Bird and possibly Round 0, two Cherokee warriors with captains’ commissions.
® Gen. John Forbes.
‘ Not found.
® Ens. Hugh Crawford.
® Probably Nichas, the Mohawk chief. See Ourry to Bouquet, August 10.
’ “we should have been much embarrassed.”
® “I hope, Sir, that you are now at ease on this subject. Here we have the satisfaction
of having taken in advance the measures and precautions which Major Halkett
recommends.
I have the honor to be with respect. Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant.”
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216.^9, f. 39, A. L. S.j
Foot of Allegan}^
Sunday hlorning Aug- 12**’ 1758
My Dear Sir
There is not near so much of this Road done as I expected, how'ever
the road is good as far as this, computed 18 Miles from your Camp. I
send you a note^ I got last night from Capl Field, by it youll see what
LI Col° Stephens is a doing.
Yesterday morning I began a Redout at the Shanoe Cabins which I
expect is finished. S'" Allen- has beg’d this dat^s rest, and to morrow
he will move his Camp this way, I shall to morrow mark out a Camp®
for him, on the Run at the Second Rising of the mountain. I have
directed him to leave a Serj*'^ & 16 Men at his Redout, I had no Officers
to leave; many of his being Sick, I hope youll relieve that post from
y*" Camp & send up the Serj* 8:c® to join S'" Allan.
360
12 August 1758
1 he work to he done on this Road is immence, and if I have not two
hundred Men more, I do not know when it will be finished, the work
I have to do is all digging, pick Axes Crows & Shovells is what is most
wanted. Likewise more Whiskey. I shall move our Camp 2 Miles up
the Gap to morrow. I send this by a patrole of light Horse; send me
out 7 More when you write me, send me the News papers, and tell my
Black to send me out a Candle Stick and half a loaf of Stiggar. I wish
I had Rohr with me he would save me a great deal of trouble, and save
me from being rediculed by the Engeniers in laying out Redouts. I
must make one at the post I shall fix one for S'" Allan and another larger
at Edmonds Swamp. Send me good work men. I am O'" Sir
Yours most Sincerely
John S*^ Clair.
Send us Sutlers if you shoud give them a Couple of Waggons.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’ s handzvriting] Sir John Aug. 12-**
150
20
3000
^ Not found.
■ Sir Allan MacLean was building the road between Raystown and Shawnee Cabins.
^ At the head of Breastwork Run.
'' Not identified.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 40, A. L. S.]
Camp on y^" Side of Alleganys Sunday
Evening four o’clock
[August 12, 1758]
Dear Sir
I have this moment returned from the Roads and receiv’d yours of
the IW'^ by Cap- Armstrong.^ I have Seen Cob Stephen & Cap* Eield
who promise to meet me on thursday, on the Top of the mountain. But
I shall not be able to finish the digging up this Gap by that time. Send
me as many men as you can with digging Tools, this is a most diabolical
work, and whiskey must be had. I told you that the road woud take
500 Men 5 Days in cutting to the Top of the Mountain, I mean that N®
besides the Guard of the Camp & [workjt Covering partys.
I am glad I saw Stephens for if I had not met him he was going to
send strong partys over Laurel Ridge. What orders you send to the
advanced Posts let me know them, that I may not give Contrary ones.
t Stricken out.
C. 12 August 1758
361
For Gods Sake reinforce Armstrongs^ post. I assure you he may be
cut off. Whatever provisions you send let it be in Waggons for the
horses are not able to get up this Hill. Send a Commissary here with
Waggons, and pack horses may carry it forward I am yours
John S^ Cl.air
[Endorsed in Bouquet’ s hand-writing] Sir John Aug. 12
^ Not found.
“ Capt. William Armstrong.
® Major George Armstrong was at Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 268, A. L. S.]
[Edmund's Swamp, c. Aug. 12, 1758]
Sir,
I am in hopes that the Road^ through the Shades of Death will exceed
your Expectation.
We have taken about a mile to the Right as you come up, have got
an Easy descent a pretty good way through the Run, and the Road on
this side the Branch will be a little Stony, but Clear of Rocks.
If this day had been fair the Road would have been made to the
top of the Hill, on the East Side the Shades, where tve have Opend a
good spring. To which place, in the Course of the Road we reckon it
three miles, & from this we Intend a Straight Course towards the Top
of the mountain, without regarding the Path, if Rocks will permit. There
is nothing would have a greater Effect upon these Rocks, than the
Essence of Eat Beef gradually mixt with a Puncheon of Rum, This would
add weight to every stroke given them. Please to send us three or four
Cross Cut saws to Seperate the numberless, damnd, petryfyd old Logs
hard as Iron, & Breaks our Axes to pieces. There is not a Dear in this
neighbourhood, & the Salt pork, has very near dryd up your Spring,
at this Encampment. I have the honour to be
Sir
Your most Ob? Hu'’*® Ser^
Adam Stephen
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Stephens Upon the Road
See Stephen to Bouquet, August 10.
362
12 August 1758
THOMPSON^ TO STEPHEN
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 179, A. L. S.]
Camp at Quemahony Creek August the 12-'' 1758
D’' CoP
I would with a great Deal of Pleasure have waited on You were there
any other Officer of the Virginians here & I did not hate Traveling by
myself which I should be obliged to do in returning to this Place To-
morrow. Mt Patterson- has returned & thinks that the Indians whom
he went to w'aylay has escaped him. The Particulars You will hear from
the Gentlemen who bring this. I am afraid for Allen^ for I do not think
that (by Mt Patterson’s Account) he acted with that Prudence that was
necessary for his own & Men’s Safet}^ Tho’ the Indians had not been
gone above a Quarter of an Hour & had discovered our Party he left
M’’ Patterson (his Party with himself consisting of but five) piqued at
something without saying a Word except “I am not afraid to die” &
pursued the Indians keeping directly on their Tracts as fast as he could
go. But I hope the brave will always be fortunate tho Bravery I think
needs & ought always to be joined with a great Deal Prudence, it were
well if they were marrj^ed together but then they would require a greater
Connection than is frequently found between marryed Persons. I ex-
pect to see You shortly & hope that A'P Lewis^ will join You & with [Y]t
us be ordered to the Loyal-hannon with You; we should be so large a
Party that we need not Care for the Vicinity of the Erench.
I am D*” CoP
Y^^ very h*^'® Serv-
Nath^ Thompson
[Note on back] Vlaj'’ Armstrong gives his Complim'® to You.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handivriting] M?’ Thompson to Col. Stephens
Aug. 12-*^
[Addressed] To Lieu- CoP Adam Stephen of the first Virginia Regiment
at the Camp at Edmonds Swamp.
t Stricken out.
^ Lieut. Nathaniel Thompson of the Virginia Regiment, commissioned, July 24, 1757.
^ Lieut. William Patterson.
° Ens. John Allen. See Allen’s Report, p. 324.
^ Major Andrew Lewis.
13 August 1758
363
SHARPE TO BOUQUET
[Fort Frederick], Aug. 13, 1758.
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Bouquet in his to Sharpe, August 23. The letter
apparently referred to an error regarding provisions.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 181, A. L. S.]
Camp at Edmunds Swamp August 13“^ 1758
Sir,
I receid your kind favour of the 11*^ Capf Bullit- arrivd with the
Virginians yesterday in the Evening, you have graciously enabled me to
please you & my Self. Never take time to tell me you are in a hurryn
I know it perfectly. A Single Line, a Word, a Syllable, in token of
your remembrance gives me great pleasure.
Having a pretty just notion of the different Indian Paths on the other
side the mountains I luckily directed Maj'^ Armstrong to Send his Officer^
& Party to the Right place Viz*; The Junction^ of different Paths, lead-
ing from the Northward, with that Leading to Fort Du Quene.
I sent orders in your own words, “to take all possible Care to prevent
discovery by Noise, or fires” Notwithstanding, The Indians past them
in the day, discoverd them by their fires, reconnolrted their Camp, &
no doubt would have Cut them to pieces, had they not found them too
strong. I had no Report of this made to me; but understanding the
officer was Come in; I broke open AT Armstrongs letter^ to you, giving
you an Acc* of the Affair. The management of this matter implys so
many faults, that you no doubt will have it inquir’d into, if ever VP
Allen returns — who, as appears by Liu* Thompsons Letter® to me, has
been much displeasd w* that Officers Conduct. Why he did not pursue
them, having provisions enough & his men fresh, is to me unaccountable.
This is a golden Opportunity lost, & a Seasonable Check To the Enemys
Scouting Parties.
I have blazd the Road about 2 miles to the Westward from this Camp,
& will this night be within 2 miles of the Top of Allegany to the East-
ward. I have orderd a hundred & fifty Virginians under three Captains'^
to hold themselves in readiness to march to the Westward with Seven
days provisions. Thinking a Respectabtle party necessary at this time, to
check the Scouting parties & Spies of the Enemy.
364
13 August 1758
Pardon me for taking up so much of y'' time, & rest assurd that I will
use all my endeavours for the good of the service. I have the honour to Be,
Sr
Your most Ob‘ hid® Ser‘
Adam Stephen
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s h and writ in g] Col. Stephens 13*^* Aug:
’ Not found.
^ Capt. Thomas Bullitt.
“ Lieut. William Patterson.
■* Hannastown.
See George Armstrong to Bouquet, August 11.
"See Thompson to Stephen, August 12.
’ Not identified.
O’" Sir
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 42, A. L. S]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 13-'‘ Aug- 1758.
The Waggon’s met with all possible dispatch in loading, but beinfi;
assurd that the Horses were not able to return till today, I did not
Order them of sooner.
My Soldiers Cloathing, unluckily, are sent to this place — if I March
that way I shall take them along; with those of that part of the Regiment
now under my care, since we are likely to make so late a Campaigne of it.
I sent Orders^ to Cap" Stewart to detach half his Troop under an
Officer to you — they are not yet arrivd from the Grass Guard 15 Miles of.
I wish with all my Soul you may continue to find little difficulty in
opening your Road. I am certain if you find much, you will not have
time for any other Service this Campaigne.
I detachd Capt" McKenzie- with 4 Officers'^ & 75 Rank and file to way-
lay the Road at the great Crossing — from him a SergeanU and 4 Active
Woodsmen of my Regiment were to proceed to Fort Duquesne so that
I am in great hopes we shall be able to get some Intelligence of the
Enemy’s Strength at that place
I coud wish most sincerely that our Acc-® from the Northward were
clearer, & more favourable than they appear to be. If you have any
Intelligence from Ticonderoga I should be extreame thankful for the
Acc- We have expecU hourly to hear that Louisburg is in Our hands —
pray heaven we may not be disappointed at last.
13 August 1758
365
I transmitted your request® of Cattle to Mt Walker® p"" Express. No
Tools are )'^et arrivd from Fort Frederick — nor have we any Adinors at
this place— there were one or two pretty good ones in my own Company
— and where that Company is you are the best judge.
I am Sir Adost Obed* Serv‘
G” Washington
P S. I must beg the favt of you to forward the Inclosd^ to Adaj'' Lewis,
it regards the Cloath? of my Regiment.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Wash.
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 268-269.
^Washington to Stewart, August 11. A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Wash-
ington, II, 266-267.
‘ Capt. Robert McKenzie of the Virginia Regiment.
° Not identified.
‘Sergeant Scott. See Washington to Bouquet, August 19 and 24.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, August 10.
“Washington to Walker, August 11. A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Wash-
ington, II, 266.
’’ Not found.
WASHINC/rON TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 41, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 13''“ Aug^ 1758
Dear Sir
ATnr favour of the 90'^ I was honourd with the IT'* 39 Waggons are
loaded with Stores according to your desire;- 8 others contain 160 Bushels
of Indian Corn, which with 94 deliverd to 47 Waggoners returning to
you /two Bushels to each/ and 18 Adore to the Adaryland Waggon Alaster
takes all the Grain we have save about 60 Bushels reservd for the Light
Horse, Capt'- Stewart® telling me it was your Orders he shoud have grain.
The Adar3’land Waggons under Ad‘' Long’* will go with an Escort /in-
tended to reinforce that with the Convojy' from Winchester to Pearsalls
for the Grain at that place; with which thet^ shall proceed to Raj's Town
when that Convoy does; according to Orders.
We have neither Grindstones or Intrenching Tools at this place.
I offer you my sincere congratulation's upon jmur safe return from
Loyal banning — and upon the discover^" of a good Road — which I hear
30U have made. I am with very great regard
D'' Sir Y'' Adost Obedf & Adost H'''® Serv*
G^* Washington
366
15 August 1758
{Endorsed] Col. Washington IS-'^ Aug*^
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 267-268.
^ Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 23-24.
■ .A.. Df. reads “order.”
“ Capt Robert Stewart.
* Not identified.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Camp near Raystown, Aug. 14, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by St. Clair in his to Bouquet, August 16. There is
no indication of the contents of the missing letter.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Camp at Raystown, Aug. 15, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Sir John, August 17, which see.
Apparently the letter included directions for Ensign Rhor to go to Loyalhanna to
select site for storehouse, there, and then to reconnoiter the Gap north of the trading
path which crossed Laurel Hill. Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, August 18, would seem to
verify this.
The letter further contained orders for Sir John, concerning which he seemed uncertain.
In his letter to Bouquet, August 17, Sir John asked for an explanation of the following
passage:
As soon as you have joined Coll Stephens, you will order
all the Detachments back to this Camp keeping only the 200 Regulars
at Kikeny Pawlings all the Troops of Virginia & the first Batt“ of
Pensylvania; and I shall replace these detaches by Coll Burds Batt?
if the General does not give contrary orders.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 139, L. S.]*
Shippensburg 15‘^ August 1758
Sir
I had 3murs of the of August two nights ago, and thought to
have carr^'ed an answer and remedy to most of the disagreeable things
3mu write of myself, but m.y journey here from Carlisle raised my flux
& pains to so intollerable a degree Yesterday morning, that I was obliged
to stop here and may not get away this day or two.
I sent Major GranU some daj's ago to Fort Loudoun to meet the
Cherokees, where I hope he has either persuaded them to return to
Raestow, or has [madejt induced them to Stay till I arrive, where I
t Stricken out.
15 August 1758
367
should have tryed the same thing, but if all that would not do he was
to give them their presents and they might then return home.
Coh Montgomerry with the rest of the Highlanders Joins Major Grant
this night or tomorrow morning at Fort Loudoun, when Major Grant
will sett out with a proper Escorte to Join you at Raestown.
I Beg that Cap^ Bullen® and those Catawbas newly arrived may be
taken proper Care off but not Spoiled, that we may have at least the
appearance of a few Indians amongst us.
M"" Clair^ will acquaint you what I proposed doing with Dunlap,
Lawrence Burk and those Delaware Indians that went along with them,
if you think the scheme plausible, I beg it might be put in practice di-
rectly taking care to let Ambrose and the other Indians have proper Arms
and necessaries for warr as they got nothing from us.
I have sent into Maryland for 3 or 400 pair of Blanketts, when they
will arrive God knows; So you must Borrow or do the best you can for
the Catawbas.
My Intelligence^ from S“' William Johnson m the Mohawks Country
is that the French have certainly sent reinforcements to Fort Du Quesne
and yet I can by no means learn by where these Detachments passed or
wether they be yet arrived at the Fort or not, which to us is a very mate-
rial circumstance to know, because if reinforced I should think they would
send Detachments out to reconnoiter us.
I have never seen any Good yet Come from those small scouting par-
ties or any Good Intelligence receiv’d from the Indians, am therefore
still of opinion that a Strong party such as I proposed** under Major
Armstrong capable of supporting [itself]! and bringing of itself, off and
when nigh the Enemy sending small partys for Intelligence, might be of
considerable Service by always taking care of having a proper retreat.
I hope the new road goes on fast and that soon we shall be able to take
post at Loyal Hanning. I see nothing that can facilitate this more than
by still amusing the Enemy by pushing Considerable parties along AL
Braddock’s route, which parties might endeavour to try [at]! to find
communications betwixt the two roads where they approch [most]! the
nearest, or where most likely such passages can be found.
As it will be necessary very soon now to make a disposition of our
Small Army, I beg you will give your thoughts a little that way, at pres-
ent I think the greatest part ought to be assembled at Raestown to make
our main push by that road, while CoF Washington or some other Officer
might push along the other road, and might join us if a Communication
can be found when called upon. But this is only an Idea in Embryo how-
t Stricken out.
368
15 August 1758
ever if we agree in this way of thinking it will be necessary to think of
what officers and men are to be left at Fort Cumberland and the rest to
be ready for marching at a Moments Warning. My Compliments to all
with you, and if possible I will be at Fort Loudoun the day after to
morrow
I am S'*"
Y'' most obed^ & most hum-® Serv-
Jo: Forbes
P: S: There is plenty of Cattle moving up, with a large escorte of wag-
gons loaded with flour and Pork, and I sent off Mt Hoops from this, this
morning who brings you and exact acc*’^ of every thing that is moving
forward, which compared with that now at Fort Cumberland & at Raestow
will give you a State of the whole, pray ought not some of the stores to
be sent for from fort Cumberland, as I understand that they have more
there than they can have occasion for.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Gen- Forbes 15^’“ Aug*
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 177-178.
Bouquet to Forbes, August 11.
"See Halkett to Bouquet, August 10, also Ourrj^ to Bouquet, August 11.
*Capt. Johnny, or Jemmy, Bullen.
■' Sir John St. Clair.
Source of information not identified.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, July 14.
’ Not found.
LAU MAC LEANE* TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 182, A. L. S.]
Sir
[Highland Camp,^ Aug. 15, 1758]
The Chance of not finding you alone, and the difficulty of expressing
myself by Speech, induce me to explain myself by Letter.
Untill I see the Protest,^ which I suppose Doctor StewarU has brought
with him, I cannot imagine what cause can be assigned for the Return of
my BillsA whenever he arrives I will take a proper Method of withdraw-
ing my Money from the Hands of the Gentleman*’’ on whom I drew in
favour of M'' Carne,'^ in the mean time I am ver}^ willing that my whole
pay shall He for his use, and will farther give Security for his Indemnifi-
cation, as I am fortunate enough to have Two or Three Eriends here who
know that I have some Effects in Scotland exclusive of the Debt for which
I drew; but this Stake being in Right of my Wife, I was always sollicitous
15 August 1758
369
to leave it untouched as far as possible, for her Use, in case any Accident
should befall me; And I certainly have had my Share of very untoward
ones since I came to this Country.
I beg the favour of your Interest in prevailing with the General to
advance my pay; I will strive to merit it by Assiduity. It really sinks
my Spirits to their lowest Ebb, to reflect that I have as yet been enabled
to gain no more bj^ eleven Years, spent at a great Expence, in an Uni-
versity, than the small Livelihood which I am at present allowed.
Colonel Byrd of the Virginia Regiment sent me a Message by Captain
Stewart® of the Light-Horse, that if I would undertake the Direction of his
Mates, in my spare Hours from the Hospital, when he should join the
Army, and would take care of his Sick at Raes-town, he would allow me
half a guinea a da)^, and the Perquisites of the Surgeon; I returned for
answer that I was very willing to do double duty, and undergo double
fatigue as well to oblige him as to do a Benefit to my Eamily, but that it
was necessary to obtain Leave for my accepting of it; and that in the mean
time I would take all possible care of his Sick. A Backwardness to trouble
you would have prevented my mentioning this to you before Colonel
Byrd’s Arrival, had I not been now obliged to give you the trouble I
would have avoided on another account.
I am Dear Sir
Your most obedient and Most obliged Servant
Lau AIacLeane
Highland Camp August 15-^ (1758)®
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] D^ AH Lean
Dr. Lauchlin MacLeane.
“A division of Montgomery’s 77th Regiment, encamped at Raystown.
° Signed copy of bill and protest, dated November 16, 1757, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21643,
f. 243, will be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet Papers.
^Probably Dr. Allan Stewart, commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th, although
there was a Dr. John Stewart serving with the Virginians.
® Referring to two bills of £ 100 each, given in exchange for medical supplies and
cash, in Charlestown, S. C. Both bills were apparently protested and MacLeane
imprisoned. MacLeane’s letter to St. Clair, May 25, 1758, is in B. M., Add. MSS.
21643, f. 86.
° Bills were drawn on Charles Eccles. Esq., of London.
’Samuel Came, Charlestown merchant. His letter to Bouquet, May 20, 1758, is in
B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 82, and will be published in Vol. I of the Bouquet
Papers.
®Capt. Robert Stewart.
®The date in parentheses is inserted on the original, in different handwriting.
370
15 August 1758
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 184, A. L. S.]
[Camp at Edmunds Swamp, Aug. 15, 1758]
Sir,
In my last^ I informd you of my intentions of Sending 150 men over
I.awrell Hill, but was disswaded by S'' John S* Clair, and so contented my
Self with reinforcing the Post of Kicknepawlins w‘ Cap* Hardins De-
tachm- & Cap* Bullits Company,- with orders to secure & cover the pro-
visions in the first place & then open the Post. I am sorry to Inform you
that the road is very difficult from this to that post, but we will make
the best of it. Tomorrow night we shall be on or very near the Top of
the mountain. I will then dispose of my men, if it is left to me; at three
different encamp*®'* between this & K-Pawlins, & [willjt move up to that
post my self.
I hope when the Troops come up, if you are obligd to stay at Raes town
your self, you will be so kind as dispose of us in a manner where we can
serve you effectually & agreeably. I leave you to Maj'' Armstrong for
Acc*® ’ from the westward, and am with the profoundest respect.
Sir,
Your most ob* hu’’’ Ser*
Adam Stephen
Camp at Edmunds Swamp
August 15*‘* 1758
[En dorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting \ Col. Stephens 15*'“ Aug.
t Stricken out.
' August 13, which see.
" Captains Ralph Harding and Thomas Bullitt.
“Allegheny Mountain.
■' Probably encampments of Capt. Field, Col. Armstrong, and Sir Allan MacLean.
See St. Clair to Bouquet, August 16.
“Probably Major George Armstrong’s letter of August 11, which see.
371
C. 15 August 1758
POST TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 280, A. L. S.l
[c. August 15, 1758]^
To der excilens generahl Forbis
commeudet in Schiff off de arme
I am a dets men u mache mem compliment gnsse Sie mit diesen Zeilen
auf empfindlichste ti versichere sie meiner libe u herzlichesden denken be
for gott wir smd durch viele beschwerungen d" 14 dieses monds an
gekomen es hat manche schwere zeiten gegeben ich hoffe aber gott wird
alles zum besten wenden solts sich machen wen ich zu sie solt komen so
werde ich des zeichens brauchen welches ihnen bekant ist gott gebe sie
sieg u gnade u bitte diese boten wohl zu empfangen- die worte so sie
schicken sind wie folgt-
J am Jur most hompel servent
Chistjann fridrich post
[Addressed] To Der excelens general Forbis commender in Schiff of
de arme at Fort comperland^
[TRANSLATION]
[c. August 15, 1758]^
To His Excellency, General Eorbus,
Commander in chief of the armjG
I am a. Dutchman and pay my respects, greet you with these lines most
graciously and assure you of my love and sincerest wishes. With God’s
help we have, through many hardships, arrived the 14th of this month.
There were many difficult times. I hope, however, that God will make
everything to turn out for the best in his eyes. If I should come to you,
I shall have need of the signal which is known to you. God give you
victory and grace, and please to receive these messengers well. The words
they send are as follows.-
I am your most humble servant,
CHRISTIAN FREDERICK POST
^This date would seem to coincide with Fotbes’ letter to Bouquet, July 20, which
see. Post, with a small party, left Philadelphia on July 15 with messages for the
Ohio Indians. They arrived at Kuskuski, near present New Castle, about August 13.
Cf. Journal of Frederick Post, 1758.
“ Not found.
■‘This was obviously a misunderstanding, as Forbes was at no time commander at
Fort Cumberland.
372
16 August 1758
BOUQUET TO CARNE
[Raystown, Aug. 16, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Came in his to Bouquet, October 27, 1758. Letter
concerned payment of Dr. Lauchlin MacLeane’s protested bill of November 16, 1757.
BOUQUET TO HESS
[Raystown, Aug. 16, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Hess in his to Bouquet, September 20. There
is no indication as to the contents of the letter, but probably Bouquet gave Hess an
account of the progress of the army, and possibly some description of the country. Hess
was reported to be dying of consumption, in Philadelphia, since June.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 41, A. L. S.]
Allegany Mountain Augf 16“^ 1758
Dear Sir
Yesterday morning I received your Letter of the IT** Ins-*^ Cap*
M'^Kensie^ of the Highlanders arrived here last Night, 200 Men 3
Waggons & 54 Horses wl* flower, he is marched on, but the waggons re-
main here, so soon as I get up more horses which I expect this day w^
Coh Armstrong I shall send him Tools & Amunition, [& porkjt if I get
any, for which purpose I have detaind an Officer^ & 20 Men to take
charge of them. A small retrench- is picketed out at Kikeny Rawlings
which I have directed them to set about it, with what Tools they may
find there.
I shall construct the Redout in the form you sent me on the plain be-
tween the two Ridges where St Allan'* is posted, Rohr will show you the
Spot® /it is where I sent L* Thomson®/ and the road will run to the
t Stricken out.
16 August 1758 373
Spring in a direct line, on reconoitering I found I coud not carry the Road
from Allans Camp to the Top of the Mountain.
I have got pretty near the Top of the first rising where I am working,
the labour is immence, the road from the top of this Ridge or Gap will
be finished this daj^, and Allans party will work w'^ me to morrow. I
shall send Cob Armstrong to Camp on the 2^ rising at the spring and
work backwards. Cap- Field is encamped w’> 200 Men at Sephens’s'^
Spring half way between Edmunds Swamp and the Spring® where Arm-
strong is to encamp, & Col- Stephens is encamed at Edmunds Swamp
where he is working forwards. All I can say is that no Man of the partys
on this Road shall have any rest till it is finished
I cannot fix on any Day for having the Waggons at Edmunds Swamp,
if Armstrong*^ will work I think we can get them to that place by Sunday.
The Shades of Death is a very improper place for a Redout, so shall place
it at Edmunds Swamp, the Stages will be from Rays Town to the Shanoe
Cabins 11 Miles, to S^ Allan M'^Leans camp 9 or 10 Miles to Edmunds
Swamp 9 or 10 Miles.
The Enemy are all round us in partys of 6 and 10, how long they will
continue so I cannot tell, I shall take all the care I can. I am glad Sin-
clair^® is arrived, pray keep him Employed, and he will be of Service
to you. You tell me nothing of our General.
The Com? Officers of Posts send you the returns^^ of the provisions as
you desire. The Pack Horses returning from Kikoney Paulings have
taken the other Road, so you may send them back loaded, one of the
Bullocks of Maj!" Lewls’s^^ Detachment broke out in the Night and after
killing 3 Sheep Run away from us.
I beg you to deliver the inclosed^® to Sinclair, but if you have sent him
any where open it, it contains nothing but my Wants, which become great.
I am glad you think my presence here necessary, if I am recalled before
I get to Kickoney Pawlins it must retard our Work, and as I am so far
advanced I hope even then I shall not be called back I hope in every
thing to answer the Expectations of the General and so soon as I hear
of his arrival I shall do my self the honour of writing to him fully. I am
with a true and Sincere Regard
Dear Bouquet
Yours
J. S‘ Clair.
pS. Send me turnup Seed to sow my Garden.
Col- Bouquet
374
17 August 1758
{Endorsed in Bouquet’ s handwriting] Sir John S*- Clair 16-’' Aug
’ Not found.
"Probably Capt. Alexander McKenzie, although Hugh and Roderick McKenzie were
also captains in the 77th Regiment.
^ Not identified.
■* Capt. Allan MacLean.
^ At the foot of Allegheny Mountain, about 20 miles from Raystown, according to
St. Clair’s reckoning, but only 14 miles by Rhor’s Report on Road, July 31, which
see.
See Thompson to Stephen, August 12.
'' Stephen’s Spring, later known as Jameson’s Redoubt, or “Belle Air.” It was two
miles and a half east of Kantner, on Oven Run.
®At Kantner, on Stony Creek.
’’Col. John Armstrong.
’“’Capt. James Sinclair.
Not found.
’"Major Andrew Lewis.
Not found.
BOUQUET TO HESS
[Raystown, Aug. 17, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Lieut. Hess in his to Bouquet, Sept. 20, 17S8.
The letter apparently contained an account of Bouquet’s advance from Raystown.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, f. 15, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 17'’‘ Aug* 1758
D“ Sir
The Waggons* are arrived safe to this Place, and the Detachm* of
Light Elorse.^
As it is not impossible /between us/ that a Body of Troops under your
Command Should march by B Route,® you will keep at Cumber-
land a Stock of Provisions for one Month when }mur Convoy joins, and
the Rest is to be forwarded to Reas Town.
As it is highly necessary to keep the Ennemy in doubt about our
Roads, The General desires that you continue sending Strong Partys
along, with orders to reconoitre where the Junction of the two Roads
could be made. I hear by Kelly* who is gone from Loy: H to
the Salt Lick that it is about 16 miles a cross from that Post to the End
of Chestnut Ridge where this Path goes: and the Woods So open that
without cutting. Carrying horses may easily go thro’, all pretty level.
17 August 175S
375
Every one of your Partys, (who are to succeed one another constantly)
are to detach Small Partys to reconnoitre the Ennemys, take if possible
a View of their Works, and if they could get a Prisoner, know' what
Reinforcements they either have received, or do expect.
I am impatient to know w'hat Success your first Party® has met wdth,
as I can hear nothing from the Indians, and all the Partys I have con-
tinually Sent out.
The Woods about us are full of little Partys of Indians, and I know
that they have discovered our New Road, which go on pretty well. To
morow or next day. The Waggons will be at Edmund’s Swamp 32 miles
from here, and I hope the w'orste Part of the Route. The rest to E
H will not take 8 days and I keep all our Carrying horses and
Waggons constantly employed in Sending Provisions forw'ard. We have
1600 Men over the mountains, and Several Part3^s out, besides one of
100 Men'^ that Set out to morrow.
If the french have received their Reinforcements as I Suspect, They
will not fail to Send white men out, and w'e Shall Soon hear of Some
Skirmishes.
The Accounts of Louisburg are very good, and I make no doubt, that
the Place is actually or will fall very Shortly in our hands.
It Seems that the operations to the [Northward] are turned upon the
defensive, a very bad Circumf stance] for us, as the Ennemy can Send any
Number of Troops this way.
All the vacancies at Louishurg and at Lake George are immediately
filled up.
®Cap* Graham is made major to the Highlanders.
Beckwith — major to the 46
Evres Lieut* Col. and West major to 55.
Munster- — major to the Royal Amer:
The General is at Shippensburg, and on His way to join us, but is Still
So weak that he can not travel ver}^ fast.
I hear that jmur Camp is very Sickly and I think it would be proper
to move to another Ground, wherever you find it convenient, w'ithout
going to far from the Eort.
I am
O'- S’'
Your most obed* hble Servant
H. Bouquet
Col. Washington
Pray my Compliments to Col. Byrd
376
17 August 1758
P: S: as Soon as the Catawba'-’ join you Let them be forwarded here.
If by chance your Indians had lefft any Stores, Please to Send them to
us, as we have little or nothing, and chieffly no Blanketts to give them.
[Endorsed] [From] Colonel Bouquet 17^’' Aug- 1758.
*■ Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 34-36.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, August 13.
"Part of Capt. Robert Stewart’s company of Virginians.
®Braddock’s Road.
-‘Joseph Kelly, guide.
® Capt. Robert McKenzie’s party. See Washington to Bouquet, August 13.
“ Loyalhanna.
’ Major Armstrong’s party. See Bouquet to Forbes, August 18.
^ See Tulleken to Bouquet, August 2, for complete listing of these officers.
“Capt. Johnny Bullen with his Catawbas and the Tuscaroras. See Bouquet to Forbes,
-A^ugust 11.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 43, A. L. S.]
Allegany Hill Aug* 17'’' 1758
Dear Sir
Just after I sent away my Letter to you of yesterdays date/ M"" Rhor
arrived and brought me yours of the 15^*^^ and I shall see the several
orders contain'd m it punctually obeyed.
I have sent on M'' Rhor to pursue the Instructions^ which are in your
Letter but am not able to give advice to that Young Man, I have desired
him to report to you directly, that I may receive your Orders in conse-
quence of these Reports. I reported the Situation of Loyal hannon to be
good and proper for a fort and if I had any accounts of another gap in
Laurel Ridge you might have been certain I woud have reconoiter’d it.
I wish Rohr may come safe back again, it is an Errand that I shoud not
have thought of sending him on.
I am detaind here longer than I ought to be by L* Cob Stephens send-
ing Capf Bullits Company & Capf Hardings Detach! to Kikoney Pawlins
as youll see by his Letter.**
Be so good as explain me the following Paragraph of your Letter, that
I may make no Mistake. “As soon as you have joined Cob Stephens,
“you will order all the Detachments back to this Camp keeping only the
“200 Regulars at Kikeny Pawlings all the Troops of Virginia & the first
“Batt“ of Pennsylvania; and I shall replace these detach*® by Cob Burds
“Batt“ if the General does not give contrary orders.”
Tell me who I am to leave at the Redout® between the two risings of
Allegheny, and who are to be at Edmunds Swamp.** I shall go near to
finish this rising this day and shall be able to join S^ Allan tomorrow.
18 August 1758
377
’Tho the rain has hlndred Armstrong^ from marching it did not stop my
party from working. I am with the greatest regard
Sir
Your most obedient humble Ser^
John Cl.'MR.
It will be well for the Artillery to get some Iron work made for Car-
casses® and fill them with combustible Stuff.
{Endorsed in Bouqtiet’s handwriting^ Sir John S^ Clair 17^*^ Aug.
^See St. Clair to Bouquet, August 16.
“ Not found.
®To go to Loyalhanna and select site there for storehouse, and to reconnoiter Gap on
Laurel Hill. See Bouquet to Forbes, August 18.
'‘Stephen to Bouquet, August 15, which see.
® Sir Allan MacLean’s encampment.
® Col. Adam Stephen’s camp.
’’ Col. John Armstrong.
° A hollow case or shell with holes through which a flame blazes, when filled with
combustibles. Projected from small cannon to set fire to buildings.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 145, A. L. S.]
Reas Town Camp Aug: 1758
Monsieur
J’ay receu vos Lettres du 9^ et 15? Cour*’- Vous alles etre roue dans
cet abominable Chemin de Littleton, et je crains qu’affoible comme vous
deves I’etre La fatigue de cette Route ne vous cause une Rechutt. Ainsi
Si vous etes encore a Shippensburg. Je crois que vous n’en devries partlr
que quand vous seres plus fort; Dans les Circonstances presentes, votre
abscence ne retarde pas le Service, et nous pouvons executer vos Ordres
come Si vous eties Stir les Lieux.
Le Chemin est difficile et long a faire, Je I’ay reconnu hler jusqu’au
Shawanese Cabbins, et j’iray demain au Somet de I’allegheny pour juger
des difficultes que Fartillerie aura a ce Gap.
La Pluye les a un peu retardes, main demain ou Dimanche, les Chariots
pourront aller a Edmund’s Swamp: On a coupe en quatre Endroits
differens Les Partis eloignes de 8 milles Pun de I’autre, ce qul avance beau-
coup I’ouvrage: J’ay envoye 200 homes de Troupes reglees a Kickeny
Pawlins, pour couvrir la tete de nos Travailleurs, et le Batt. d’armstrong
est marche pour les renforcer.
Les Ennemis nous ont decouverts, un de leur Partys ayant fait un
Prisonier- Samedy pres des Shaw: Cabins qui S’est echape, apres avoir
ete deux Jours avec Eux. II dit que les 6 Indiens qui le prirent parlent
378
18 August 1758
aussi bien anglois que luy, ce qui me fait craindre que ce ne Soit de nos
Amis les Delawar: Ils cotoyerent a 150 Pas nos Travailleurs, et lui firent
plusieurs questions particulierem^ Sur rartillerie, et qtiand il n’accusoit
pas juste, ils lui disoient qu’il mentoit, que nous n’avions que tant de
Pieces. Les Coquins ont Sans doute suivi le Convoy plusieurs Jours.
II est terns de prendre Poste a Loyal Hannon, Et d’y commencer un
Depot. J’y ay renvoye Rhor pour tacher de decotivrir un Terrein qui
ne Soit pas commande, et reconnoitre un Gap qui doit etre au Nord du
Path qui traverse Lawrell Hill, et qui pourroit nous eviter cette mauvaise
descente: Je suis tres embarasse qui envoyer pour commander a ce nou-
veau Poste. Si Mt le Gouverneur avoit donne le Scavoir et I’Experience
a Ses Colonels avec leurs Comissions, nous ne manquerions pas de Sujets,
mais ils ne Servent que d'obstacles en otant le Commandement a ceux
qui y Seroient propres:
J’ay transmis vos ordres® au Col. Washington de continuer a faire battre
Sa Route par de gros Partys qui Se succedent et tachent de reconnoitre
on la Jonction pourroit Se faire.
Un Guide'^ est alle avec un officier® de Loyal Hannon au Salt Leek Sur
le Chemin de Braddock, et il raporte que les deux Chemins Sont a 16
miles de distance, au travers de Bois clairs, oti Sans couper de Route, Les
Cbevaux de Bat peuvent passer Sans difficulte.
Les 4 Delawar® Sont arrives avec Dunlap et Burk Ambas est malade
du flux; Je lui ai propose et au fils de Tedyuskung'' d’aller parmi les
Delawar etablis a Beaver Creek, quand il Seroit retabli; Il a absolum*
refuse de Se charger de la Comission, ce qui ne me paroit pas de bonne
Augure. Il dit qu’en retournant a Wyoming, il pourroit engager plusieurs
jeunes Delawar a nous joindre, et puisque je n’en peux tirer d’autre Party,
Je le laisserai aller avec quelques Presens, et des Promesses.
Les Catawba ne Sont pas encore arrives a Cumberland. Il nous manque
deux art. essentiels du Vermilion et des Blanketts, il n’y en a pas une
Seule Piece dans le Camp, Et les nuits commencent d’etre froides.
Le Major Armstrong® est party avec Calendar et un Detachem* de 100
homes pour aller reconnoitre. Si ce Party ne nous aporte pas des nou-
velles, nous n’en aurons jamais. Les 35 Volontaires de Maryland Sont
alles avec Eux, et j’ay remis a Calendar le Soin de dirlger Burk pour
aller joindre les Delawar — . Ce Burk a la reputation d’un infame Coquin
mais il ne pent nous nulre beaucotip S’il nous trahit.
Le Cap'^ Paris® est aussi en Campagne avec une de Volontaires;
nous avons encore plusieurs Partis dehors qui ne tarderont pas a rentrer.
Je fais former un depot de Provisions a Kickeny P — et si je ne reqois
point de contr’ordre, je ferai prendre Poste a Loyal Hannon, des que
le Chemin Sera ouvert pour les Chariots a Kickeny Pawlins La p''^ divi-
18 August 1758
379
sion d’artillerie avec une Proportion de IVlunitions pourra S'avancer entre
les deux Montagues, pour deboucher des qu’elle pourra passer.
Pendant que Ton coupera les 16 miles jusqu'au nouveau Poste.^® Les
Troupes qui y Seront commenceront le Retrenchem^ et Stores pour les
Provisions.
La Garnison de Cumberland, et toute cette Communication pourroient
etre composees des Draughts de toute I’armee, Pour les autres disposi-
tions j’y penseray jusques a votre arrivee: M"" Sinclair’^^ m’a debarasse
de tons les petits details, et J’auray plus de terns pour d'autres affaires;
J’ay d’Etranges Caracteres a concilier J’espere qu'ils ne vous donneront
aucun des desagreem* que j'ay essuyes: Glen est un peu indispose
nous nous Sommes promenes deux heures, ainsi il n’est pas bien mal. 11
vous fait Ses Complimens et Se flatte qu’il vous verre arriver chaque Jour
et que ce n’est plus la Peine de vous ecrire.
Nous n’avons pas le Sol, et Si M? Barrow ne joint pas incessamment,
nous ne pourrons plus payer personne.
Nous avons receu 89 Boeufs, et 200 Sont en Chemin; Les Chevaux de
Bat vont fort bien et Sont du plus grand Service pour le transport des
Provisions avant que le Chemin Soit ouvert.
J’ay pense qu’un des moyens les plus aises et le moins dispendieux de
nourrir I’armee en automne et pendant I’hyver Seroit de faire passer
1000 Boeufs au dela des montagnes le mois prochain, outre la Subsistance
ordinaire, et llesjt fumer la Chair dans de grandes Chambres construites
pour cet Effet. Je vous prie de vouloir considerer ce Moyen.
Notre fourage est encore tres abondant a 7 miles du Camp et tout le
long de cette Vallee.
J espere que vous ne marcheres pas Sans les Highl: 11 y a plusieurs
petits partis d’lndiens sur la Route: Je Suis avec beaucoup de Respect
Monsieur
Votre tres humble & tres obeis* Serv*
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Letter Col- Bouquet Raestown 18*^ Aug* 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Raystown Camp, Aug. 18, 1758.
Sir:
1 received your letters of the 9th and 15th instant.* You are going to
be shaken up on that abominable road from Littleton, and 1 am afraid that
weak as you must be, the fatigue of this trip might cause your relapse.
So, if you are still in Shlppensburg, I think that you should not leave
t Stricken out.
380
18 August 1758
until you are stronger. Under the present circumstances your absence
will not delay the service, and we can execute your orders as if you were
on the spot.
It is a difficult and long task to build the road. I reconnoitered it yes-
terday as far as the Shawnee Cabins, and will go tomorrow to the summit
of the Allegheny to judge the difficulties which the artillery will have at
this gap.
The rains have delayed them a little, but tomorrow or Sunday the
wagons can go to Edmund’s Swamp. The parties have cut in four different
places, eight miles apart from each other, which advances the work rap-
idl}^ I have sent two hundred men of the regular troops to Kickeny
Pawlins, to protect the front of our workmen, and Armstrong’s battalion
has gone out to reinforce them.
The enemy has discovered us, as one of their parties took a prisoner^
Saturday near the Shawnee Cabins, who escaped after being with them for
two days. He said that the six Indians who captured him spoke English
as well as he could, which makes me fear that they are some of our friends
the Delawares. They went along about ISO paces from our workmen, and
asked him several pertinent questions about the artillery. When he did
not give a correct answer, they told him that he lied, that we had only
so many cannon. The rascals have doubtless been following the convoy
for several days.
It is time to establish a post at Loyal Hannon, and to start a warehouse
there. I have sent Rhor there to try to locate a position which is not
commanded, and to reconnoiter a gap which should be north of the path
which crosses Laurel Hill, and by which we might be able to avoid that
bad descent. I am much at a loss to know whom to send to command
at this new post. If the governor had given knowledge and experience to
his colonels with their commissions, we should not lack for a choice, but
they serve only as obstacles by keeping the command from those who
would be proper for it.
I have conveyed your orders® to Colonel Washington to push on his
route with large parties, taking turns, and trying to reconnoiter the place
where the junction could be made.
A guide^ went with an officer’’ from Loyal Hannon to the Salt Lick on
Braddock’s Road, and he reports that the two roads are sixteen miles
apart, across open woods where, without cutting a road, pack horses could
go without difficulty.
The four Delawares® have arrived with Dunlap and Burk. Ambas is
ill with the flux. I suggested to him and Tedyuskung’s son'^ that they go
among the Delawares settled at Beaver Creek, when he should have re-
covered. He absolutely refused to undertake this errand, which does not
18 August 1758
381
seem to me a good omen. He said that on returning to Wyoming he
might persuade several jmung Delawares to join us, and since I cannot
do otherwise, I shall let him go with some presents, and promises.
The Catawbas have not yet arrived at Cumberland. We are in need
of two essential articles, vermilion and blankets. There isn’t a single one
in camp, and the nights begin to be cold.
Major Armstrong® has left with Calender and a detachment of 100
men to go reconnoitering. If this party does not bring us news, we shall
never have any. The 35 Maryland volunteers went with them, and I gave
Calender the task of sending Burk to join the Delawares. This Burk has
a reputation as an infamous rogue, but he cannot injure us much if he
does betray us.
Captain Paris® is also in the field with a dozen volunteers; we have
several other parties out, which will not be long in returning.
I am going to establish a provisions depot at Kickeny Pjawlins], and
if I do not receive contrary orders, I shall have a post established at
Loyalhanna, as soon as the road is open for wagons to Kickeny Pawlins.
The first division of the artillery with part of the munitions could ad-
vance between the two mountains, to march out as soon as they can get
through.
While the sixteen miles to the new post^® are being cut, the troops who
will be there will begin the entrenchments and the storehouses for the
provisions.
The garrison for Cumberland and this whole communication might be
composed of detachments from the entire army. As to the other arrange-
ments, I shall think about them until your arrival. Mr. Sinclalr^^ has re-
lieved me of all the petty details, and I shall have more time for other
things. I have strange characters to conciliate. I trust that they will not
cause you any of the unpleasantness I have had to experience. Mr. Glen
is a little indisposed. We had a two hours’ walk, so he isn’t very sick. He
sends you his compliments, and flatters himself that he will see you arrive
any day now, and that it is no longer worthwhile to write to you.
We haven’t a sou, and if Mr. Barrow does not join us quickly, we shall
no longer be able to pay anyone.
We have received 89 cattle, and 200 are on the road. The pack horses
are going very well, and are of the greatest service in transporting provi-
sions before the road is opened.
I thought that one of the easiest and least expensive ways of feeding
the army in the fall and during the winter would be to send a thousand
head of cattle to the other side of the mountains next month, besides the
usual provisions, and to smoke the meat in large chambers constructed for
that purpose. I beg you to consider this suggestion.
382 18 August 1758
Our forage is still very plentiful seven miles from the camp and all along
this valley.
I hope that you will not march without the Highlanders. There are
several small parties of Indians along the way. I am with great respect,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, August 9 and IS.
■ Not identified.
‘‘See Bouquet to Washington, August 17.
■‘Joseph Kelly. See Bouquet to Washington, August 17.
"Probably Lieut. William Reynolds, who was sent out with Kelly about August 8,
to that region.
“ Not identified.
’Probably John Jacob, sometimes called John Tedyuskung.
“Major George Armstrong and Capt. Robert Callender, evidently sent at Forbes’
request. See Forbes to Bouquet, August 15.
"Capt. Richard Pearis.
“ Loyalhnnna.
” Capt. James Sinclair.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 141, L S.]*
Shippensbourg Aug®'^ 18. [1758]
S-
I wrote jmu two days ago,^ since which there has nothing material oc-
curred in the publick way worth acquainting you of.
A long letter- from Gen” Abercromby gives me a Disagreeable Idea of
his Situation, and I realy think him much to be pityed, for [who]! his
reflecting upon what is past a rashness so contrary to his own Genius and
temper, and his present unhappy situation putting it out of his power
of redressing him self upon the Enemy must bear very hard upon him.
Elis regular Army all in partys and complainings about the promotions.
Elis provincial Army ready to disband And go home officer and soldier,
that there is no faith or trust to be put in them, a little of the rashness of
the 8*^”^ might be very properly applied at present, by shooting dead a
Dozen of their cowardly Officers at the Head of the Line.
God be thanked we have nothing of this amongst us nor nothing to
reproach our selves off neither in fool Hardiness nor delays and if we
have gain’d no glaring advantage hitherto we are at least proceeding to
deserve it by taking every step that prudence and proper precautions can
suggest to us.
t Stricken out.
18 August 1758
383
This same affair of the Forage has given me infinite inquietude, and I
am afraide that the Wagg? and Baggage Horses will give as much, if not
remedied in time.
In carrjfing forward the new road, I think there might easily be a small
road carried on at the sam.e time, at about 100 yards to the right and left
of it; and parralel with it, by which our flanking partys might advance
easier along with the line, I dont mean here to cut down any large trees,
only to clear away the Brushwood and Saplins, so as the men either on
foot or on horseback may pass the easier along.
I should think such a road could be easily carried along and pretty
quick, if so, and that two file could miarch abreast, by making Collumns
of Infantry march there, your line can alwaj^s be formed much quicker
and easier.
After many Intreigues with the Quakers, the Commissioners, the Gov-
ernour &c, and with the Governour and Government of new Jersey and
by the downright Bullying of William Johnson^ &c. I hope I have now
brought a Convention with the Indians of whatever denomination or
Tribe, prett}^ near to a Crissis. The six nations and all the Chief men of
the Indians living to the eastward of the Lakes and upon the Ohio as far
down as the Wabache, and Illinoi,” have all accepted of our Belts of In-
vitation and friendship, and have promised to meet the Governours and
Commissioners from all those different Provinces at East town in Pennsyl-
vania by the 12**^ or midle of September,® where I think nothing can pre-
vent a solid peace being established with most of those Indian tribes, as
the Indian Claims appear to me both Just and Moderate, and what no
man in their senses or in our situation with regard to the Indians would
hesitate half an hour in granting them.
I flatter myself great good may be drawn to the publick from this
meeting, as I hope that private Interest and provincial Picques, will, and
ought to be drove away from this meeting.
I am now considerably better of this flux being partly free from the
excrutiating pain I sufferd, but still so weak that I can scarce bear motion,
but this a few days ease and sleep will soon restore.
As you must no doubt have a vast number of Cattle and Horses to pro-
vide for, I Should be sorry that they should disturb us in our Motions,
should they come to want, and make us change Situations before we
choose it.
There is [at]t near this place and I am told near F: Loudoun &c a
great many of those deserted plantations where the Hay rots upon the
Ground for want of Hands & Scythes to cut it down and make it. I have
set this Garrison and most of the Inhabitants hereabouts a mowing and
t Stricken out.
384
18 August 1758
cuting down all they possibly can with the instruments they have, so that
I hope to have always wherewith to feed a Convoy in case they be obliged
to stop here on their march. I wish every other place where those deserted
farms are, had done so, earlier, our waggoners then would not have had
reason to complain that their Horses were starved, which I am afraid
has been partly the case.
Mt Hoops is a good man: but his Ideas and Compass of Genius for
the subsistance and mantainance of an Army are all triffling and narrow,
eternaly Bothering upon the saving of sixpences & two pences, so must be
manadged accordingly.
Be so good as order particular returns^ from every particular Corps,
that when I come up to Raestown I may know to a man what I can carry
along with me.
I have proposed® to Govern'" Sharp to Garrison Fort Cumberland with
his militia when I set out, but I dont expect [it would m]t his Compli-
ance and dont [expect]! think he has it in his power.
Be so good as Acquaint Cap* S*Clair® that the [Gerjt German*® he
employed to Buy oats at Lancaster has purchased a considerable quan-
tity at a very extravag- rate, and agrees for the transport of it to Car-
lisle at a more extravagant price. I therefore have been obliged to put a
stop to that matter for a few days untill I can see how I shall redress
myself.
It would not be amiss if he Cap* S*clair has no more urgent Business
upon hands If he took a step down this way to settle those magazines at
the different places, for the making of Waggons carry their forage for two
or three days is in reallity cheating ourselves, as they carry infinitly less
provisions in proportion, by which a considerable [Stoop]! Stop is put to
the supporting of our magaz"?
My Compliments to Govern'" Glenn who I fancy by this time is pretty
weary of a Militar}^ life I beg you will make it as agreeable to him as you
can which I shall gratefuly acknowledge in a day or two, being
My Dear Sir
most Sincerely
Y*" very obed^ & most hum-® Serv^
Jo: Forbes
P S. pray exert yourself in keeping the provincials, officers and soldiers
in the best temper of mind possible, that we may have no such melan-
choly article in our letters as those mentioned by Gen" Abercromby
{Endorsed^ Geffi Forbes IS*** Aug
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 180-182.
t Stricken our.
18 August 1758
385
^ Probably referring to letter of August 15, which see.
^Abercromby to Forbes, August S, 1758. Copy in AB-S09.
® Referring to unsuccessful attack on Fort Ticonderoga.
* Cf. letter from Abercromby to Johnson, July 23, 1758, printed in Sir William John-
son Papers, IX, 954-955.
^ Wabash and Illinois rivers.
® Fourth Easton Council convened from October 8-26, 1758. Minutes of Council
printed in Pa. Arch., Series 4, II, 942-959, also in Col. Rees., VIII, 175-223.
^ Order transmitted to Washington by Bouquet in letter, August 21, which see.
® Forbes to Sharpe, August 16, 1758, printed in James, Writings of General John
Forbes, 179.
'Capt. James Sinclair.
’"Not identified.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 143, A. L. S.]*
Shippensburgh 18‘*‘ August 1758
Dear Sir
General Eorbes desires that you will order tbe last Express you sent
bim from Reastown to be apprehended, and properly securd in Irons
till be arrives, if you remimber I sent tbe News Papers, with a Note^ of
tbe Promotions made by General Abercromby, with bim, baveing like-
wise paid bim ten Shillings currency in part of his hire. I made a Memo-
randum of his name which he told me, was John M'^Cotter,- of Captain
Pattersons Provintial Company, he was concernd with AP Barrows^
Negro, in Stealing money from the landlord of tbe house.
The General is still extreaml}" weak, but freer from pain than he was.
I am Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Erancis Halkett
Brigade Major
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Alajor Halkett 18-'' August
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 182-183.
^ Not found, but probably the basis for the list in Bouquet's letter to Washington,
August 17, which see.
^Enlisted, January, 1758, in Capt. James Patterson’s company.
® Probably Thomas Barrow, paymaster.
386
18 August 1758
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 269, A. L, S.]
[Stony Run/ Aug. 18, 1758]
My D"' Col.
I Languish for not hearing from You, I recivd Advice some how or
other, that You wanted a provision Return of the Troops employd on the
road, & accordingly send you inclosd a Return- of those to the westward
of the Top of the allegany mountain. The Road is Opend from the Very
Top to Edmunds swamp; & will by Munday night at farthest be opend all
the way to the PosU at Quimahony; so that by tbe time they Clear to the
Top of the hill from the eastward. The waggons may drive on for eighteen
or twenty miles further.
You will please to Observe, sir, that altho’ the Road is Opend and made
as well as could be expected considering all Circumstances, It will be abso-
lutly necessary to send some men of [a] very Considerable detachm- be-
fore, on purpose to improve & repair bad places; as horse tracts, & Using
of the Road discover Several things that did not appear so bad at first.
Monsieur Rhor & I, have been very busy these two days in chusing the
best, & bad it is, but depend on it, we will make the best of it.
We have discoverd a failing, I shall not say a Deceit in the Stylyards^
the Commissary uses at this place. We have made use of all possible Cir-
cumstances which confirm it. They are too tedious to relate The dif-
ference is at Least 12 pr. C- of this all the gentlemen with me are fully
convinced. Our Q"" M"" sup^ Says he has reced [ . . . ] Stylyards many
days provision at Eorbes Camp,® No doubt you have got Scales or a
Standard at your Camp, The Whole Should be inspected.
Untill I receive orders from You, I shall proceed and Clear the Road
from Quimahony to Lawrell Hill; but am in hopes that proper measures
will be taken to supply us with Rum; being the first party, we have only
recei’d some in Canteens yesterday; at Lawrel swamp,® tho’ I sent to St
John'^ for some the day before expecting that he had Cags® enough to sup-
ply us with those things absolutly necessary.
My men are in good spirits and we are willing, and Capable to do any-
thing, If we receive Orders from any to the westward of Eorbes Camp,
We will grow Languid in executing them. I am Charmd with Rhor & will
give him Officers & men that he can depend on. I have the honour to be
Sir,
Your most Ob^ hu*"^ Se*
Adam Stephen
The 18^'^ on The Road on the Branches of Stony Run
18 August 1758
387
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Stephens 18-’^ Aug.
^ Stony Creek, a branch of Quemahoning Creek in Somerset County. The camp was
at what is now Kantner.
“ Not found.
® Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
^ Steelyards.
^ Forbes was at Shippensburg.
‘‘See George Armstrong to Bouquet, July 30.
’ Sir John St. Clair.
® Kegs.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 44, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 181*^ Augf 1758.
Dear Sir,
I am favourd with yours of Yesterday,^ intimating the probability of
my proceeding with a Body of Troops on G — B — R — d- and desiring my
retaining for that purpose a Alonths Provisions at this place, a thing which
I shoud be extreme fond of, but as I cannot possibly know what quan-
tity of Provisions may be necessary for that time without knowing the
Number of Men I may probably March with, and when it is likely we
may leave this, I hope you will be pleasd to give me the necessary Infor-
mation^ on this head — as also how this place is to be Garrisond & what
Provision’s & Stores shoud be left here.
I have talkd a good deal with Kelly upon the Nature of the Inter-
vening ground from the new R — d to B ^ and from what he says, I ap-
prehend it impractacable to effect a junction with the Troops on the new
R — d till We advance near the S — t L — k — ® which is no great distance
from F — D — Q.® and how far it may be advisable to send a small Body
of Troops so near the Enemy at so great a distance from the Army, with-
out any kind of Tools /which is certainly Our case/ for repairing the
Roads, or throwing up an}^ kind of Defence in case of Need I shall not pre-
sume to say but I cannot help observing, that all the Guides and Indian’s
are to be drawn from hence, and that the greatest part of my Regiment
is on the other Road;" so that I have but few remaining with me of the
first Regiment, and 8 Companies of the Second only whose Officers and
Men can be supposd to know little of the Service, and less of the Country
and near, or I believe quite, a fifth of them part Sick. I thought it in-
cumbent on me to mention these things that you might know our Con-
dition; at the same time I beg leave to assure you, that nothing will give
me greater pleasure than to proceed with any number of Men that the
General or 3murself, may think proper to Order.
With regard to keeping out a Succession of strong Parties on this R — d
from the Troops here, I must beg leave to observe, that we have not so
388
18 August 1758
much as one Carrying Horse to take Provi'-® out upon — being under a
necessity t’other day of pressing five Horses from some Country men
/that came to Camp on Business/ before I coud equip Capt'- McKenzie’s
Party® for a 14 days March — That we have not an Oz. of Salt Provision’s
of any kind here, and that it is impossible to preserve the Fresh /espe-
cially as we have no Salt neither/ by any other means than Barbacumg
it m the Indian manner; m doing which it looses near a half, so that a
Party who receives 10 days Provisions will be obhgd to live on little bet-
ter than 5 days allowance of Meat kind — a thing impractacable. A great
many of Col° Byrds Men are, as I before remarkd, very sickly, the rest
become low' Spirited and dejected — of course the greatest share of that
Service must fall upon the 4 Companies of the first Regiment. This Sick-
ness, and depression of Spirits cannot arise I conceive from the Situation
of Our Camp which is undoubtedly the most healthy & best Air’d in this
Vicinity, but is causd I apprehend by the change in their way of living
/most of them till now' having hvd in ease & affluence/ — and by the
Limestone Water & Air — the SokP® of y*^ w'^ be sickly like those of
y® 2*^ Reg- was it not owing to some such Causes [as] these.
Capt" McKenzie’s Party is not yet return’d. I will advertise you of his
discoveries if any are made by him.
We have Reason to believe that Parties of the Enemy are about Us
likewise. Yesterday afternoon a Waggoner had his Horse shot under him
ab* 3 Miles from hence.
I he Convoy from Winchester has been detaind much longer than was
expected. AP Walker desird a Party to reinforce the Escort at
Pearsalls /30 Aides distant/ the 15“' Inst-^ which was accordingly sent,
but I have since been inform'* that the Waggons did not leave Winchester
till a few days ago.
We have no Indian Goods of any kind here. It gives me great pleasure
to hear that the General is getting better, and expected soon at Rays
Town.
CoP Byrd joins me in his Compliments to you. I am
D'' Sir Y^' Most Obed^^ & Most H*’*'^ Serv-
G" Washington
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Washington 18“' Aug.
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 269-271.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, August 17.
" General Braddock’s Road.
“This information was contained in Bouquet’s letter to Washington, August 30, which
see.
■‘Kelly reconnoitered the country between Forbes’ Road and Braddock’s.
“The site of Braddock’s Salt Lick Camp.
" Fort Duquesne.
19 August 1758
389
'Working on Forbes’ Road, between Raystown and Loyalhanna.
“Washington sent Capt. Robert McKenzie out to waylay the road at the Great
Crossings. See W’ashington to Bouquet, August 13.
“Walker to Washington, August 14, printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III,
29-30, probably refers to this convoy and escort.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 46, L. S.]‘
[Camp at Fort Cumberland, Aug. 19, 1758]
Dear Sir
This afternoon the Party Commanded by CapI ATKinzie^ return’d
without being able to discover anything of the Enemy’s motions, they
waylaid the Road for several days near the great Crossings and intended
to have advanc’d quite to that Post,- had not their Provisions entir’ly
spoil’d, notwithstanding every method and the utmost pains for for its
preservation was taken; some of their advanc’d Sentrys had nearly kill’d
a small Party of Cherrokee Indians, returning from War — this small
Party^ went from hence upwards of six weeks ago and this is the Day
since they left Fort DuQuesne, the Environs of which they long watch’d,
at length was oblig’d to cross the Ohio, where they kill’d two Squaws,
whose Scalps they brought in here; they say there are a good many
Women & Children on that side the River, but very few men either
French or Indians at the Fort. Cap*^ M'^Kinzie says there’s no Signs of
the Enemy’s having been lately on G. Braddock’s Road so far as he pro-
ceed on it Serjeant ScoU and 4 private of his Party went on to Fort
DuQuesne so soon as they return will transmit you any Intelligence they
may procure.
I should be extremely glad to receive some Bacon or Salt Provisions of
some kind, without which it will be Impossible for any Party I can send
out to answer the propos’d end.
The Convoy® from Winchester was yesterday at the North River /five
days March for them from hence/ so that we cannot expect them in less
than 5 or 6 days especially as they lost some horses.
I am with Regard Dear Sir
Your Most Obi Hum® Servant
G® Washington.
Camp at Fort Cumberland Augl 191*' 1758
A party of abl 90 Alarylanders under Capt" Beal® Escorting a few Store
390
20 August 1758
Waggons, is this Mom- arriv’d. I shall forward them to Rays Town to
morrow agreable to Sir Jn" S- Clairs Order’s’^
Yts
G® Washington
ISO at Loudoun
300 at Phil®
700 at Winchester
200 ordered
1350
[Endorsed in Bouqtiet’s handzvriting] Col. Wash. 19*’^ Aug.
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 271-272.
^ Capt. Robert McKenzie.
“Formerly Fort Necessity.
“Probably one of the scalping parties sent out by Washington, see Washington to
Bouquet, July 16, 1758.
‘ No further identification.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, August 18.
® Capt. Alexander Beal of the Maryland Independent Company.
“St. Clair to Washington, August 9, printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington,
III, 23-24.
ABERCROMBY TO JOHNSON
[R/r Wm. Johnson Papers. IX, 969, C.]
[Camp at J.>ake George, Aug. 20, 1758]
[ABSTRACT]
Cherokee deputies^ in conference with Sir William and Six Nations to be persuaded, if
possible, to return to Forbes’ army to help retain their remaining Indian allies.
Croghan“ and Montour“ dispatched to assist with further negotiations among Indians
in Pennsylvania.
Six Nations to meet Bradstreet’s* troops at Oneida Carrying Place. 71500 there for
Indian supplies. Letter enclosed warrant for additional Ji 1000, for same purpose.
“Thirteen Cherokee warriors under the command of Johnny, son of Seneca George.
Cf. Denny to Johnson, June 27, printed in the Sir William Johnson Papers, II, 863.
“George Croghan, Irish, migrated to America in 1741, died here in 1782. Famous
Indian trader and land speculator, appointed by Sir William Johnson, 1756, as deputy
superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Northern District of America.
“Andrew Montour, sometimes called Henry, was the eldest son of Madam Montour.
He was closely associated with Croghan in negotiations between Indians and English,
and a prominent figure at the councils and treaties, as interpreter.
‘Capt. John Bradstreet (c. 1711-1774), commissioned, March, 1757, in the 60th Regi-
ment, with later promotions to ranks of colonel and major general.
20 August 1758
391
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 147, A. L. S.]
Reas Town Camp 20^*^ Aug- 1758
Monsieur
Je vous envoyay un Expres^ hier matin, et je regois dans ce moment
votre Lettre du 18®^ Le Retour de votre sante etoit la Seule nouvelle
qui put contrebalancer la triste description de I’Etat des affaires au Nord;
Menages vous Soigneusement, Sans vous exposer trop tot, aux Cahots du
Chemin infernal par ou vous deves passer.
Si le bon Etat de votre petite armee pent hater votre retablissement, je
vous informe avec Plaisir que tout va bien. J’allay hier reconnoitre cette
terrible montagne et trouvay un Chemin, ou Ton peut mener Sans diffi-
culte un Carrosse a 6 Chevaux: Le Gap est perfectionne, et j’y ay vu
monter 20 Chariots charges. Sans doubler. J’ay fait au A^ajor Lewis,^ et
a Sir Allen'^ les remerciem’^ qu’ils meritent pour cet otivrage, on ne peut
rien Souhaitter de mietix; En montant Sur la Seconde hauteur qui n’est
rien du tout, je decouvris aussi loin que la Vue peut S’etendre, et vis
distincteml tout le Cours de Lawrell Hill; II y a un large Gap, bearing
N by W. of us, about 20 miles N. of our Road, qui coupe la Montagne du
haut en bas, et Ton me dit que c’est le Passage du Kiskemenitas;^ Je
priay Sir John*' de le faire reconnoitre pour Scavoir S’il y a un Indian
Path, et cotoyer la Montagne de I’autre cote jtisqu’a L. H.'^ Quoique ce
Passage ne nous Serve rien a present, II est bon de le Connoltre pour bien
des Raisons.
Les deux Partis Se Sont joints hier et le Chemin est ouvert pour les
Chariots jusqties a Edmund’s Swamp; et Alardy ils pourront aller a
Kickeny Pawlins. Col. Stephens a parfaitem- bien fait de Son cote, et
montre beaucoup de Jtigem^ et d’activite: Rhor m’ecrlt qu’il a fait un
tres bon Chemin au travers des Shades of Death, qui etoit un des mauvais
Passages, et il a deja coupe 3 miles au dela de Kickeny Pawlins; Ces Aless*'®
meritent beaucoup d’Eloges pour avoir surmonte en Si peu de terns tons
ces Obstacles, et ce qui me donne beaucoup de Satisfaction, Ils out tenu
leurs Troupes de bonne htimeur, chacun est Content, et Se croit
immortaliser pour avoir travaille a cuvrir cette Route.
Ils vont Si vite qti’ils m’ohligent de faire occuper le Poste de L. H.
avant votre arrivee; heureusem* Alajor Grant est arrive a qui je puis
confier cette Comission. II a Sacrifie de bonne grace Sa Repugnance a
Servir Sous des off. Provinclaux, au bien du Service, et comme il n’y en
a aucun plus actif, et en meme terns plus docile aux avis que le Col.
Burd, je I’envoyeray avec luy. Ils auront tous les Amerlcains /qui Sont
trop peu pour les Separer/ 400 Highl; 400 de Washington, et 400 du
Second Batt. de Pensilvanie; Ces 1500 homes commenceront par re-
392
20 August 1758
trancher leur Camp, pour Se guarantir d’un Coup de main. Ils travailler-
ont ensuite a construire des Magazins pour nos Provisions, et les
couvriront d’un Fort de Stockadoes ou Logs, et ce Fort pourra S’il etoit
necessaire etre renforce par une autre ligne exterieure, et I’intervalle
de 15 a 18 Pieds rempli de la Terre du fosse: Pour le present ils ne feront
que I’enceinte interieure. Ils tiendront des Postes avances tout autour
d’Eux qui seront releves tous les Jours, et Se tiendront en Embuscade
Sur les Avenues, changeant Souvent leur Situation. Ils pousseront aussi
des Partys un peu forts pour aller a la decouverte
Pendant qu’ils travailleront a ce Poste; Col. Armstrong avec 400 homes
de Son Batt. et les 2 Comp^ d’ouvriers de Virg? et une Comp® des Lower
County,® perfectioneront le Chemin batiront une Redoute a Edmund’s
Swamp, et couperont le Chemin depuis Kickeny Pawlins, pour les aller
joindre, laissant des detachemens a la Redoute qui est a la tete du Gap®
a Edm. Swamp, et Kickeny Pawlins: La p^® division de I’artillerie
marchera Mardy
ou Mercredy, avec
2
12 prs et leur munition
23 Chariots
2
6 prs w^*' d®
2
8
Cohorns
1
108
Barr, de Poudre
9
72
Caisses de Balles
6
24
Reams Cartridge Paper,
Thread &c
1
In all 42
Les Chevaux repasseront i?y, et apres qu’ils Seront reposes La 2'?® Division
marchera: Le feray porter du fourage Sur la Route, et prendre grand
Soin des Chevaux. II y a peu d’herbe Sur la montagne, mais une prodi-
gieuse quantite de Locus que I’on fera couper, et qui nourrit mieux que
I’herbe.
Les Paturages ne nous manqueront pas igy, et nous en trouverons en
abundance /dit on/ a L. H.
II ya deja beaucoup de Provisions a Kickeny Pawlins avec 40 Boeufs,
et je fournirai aisement tous les vivres necessaires avec les Chevaux de
Bat.
Je Souhaitte que cette disposition Soit conforme a Vos Idees, je prens
beaucoup Sur moy, mais j’ay bien pese routes les Circonstances, et ne
crois pas qu’il y aye rlen d’hazarde.
Votre Idee de faire ouvrlr des Sentiers pour les flanking Partys est
excellente, et je la feray executer incessamen- J’ay toujours range et fait
marcher les Troupes Sur deux files, et j’ay trouve par Experience que
7 Colonnes ont perce dans cet ordre les Endroits les plus touffus, et a
20 August 1758
393
un Signal de la Caisse, dies Se Sont developees, et ont forme la Ligne
de Battaille dans deux minutes, occupant un tres grand front, avec les
Troupes legeres et la Cavallerie en Echarpe, faisant un feu contmuel,
et egal dans toute la ligne: Dans toutes les affaires de Campagne ou
de Bois, Je vois que les Ennemis, Surtout les Indiens Se jettent dabord
Sur nos flancs, et cherchent a nous enveloper; II leur Sera impossible par
cette disposition Nous les deborderons toujours, et S'ds detachent des
Partis pour nous tourner, il faut qudls tombent Sur nos Troupes legeres
avancees au moins 200 Pas; but more about it at meeting.
Je puis vous assurer que quel que Soit notre [Sort], vous n’essuyeres
jamais les indignites qui arrivent au Gen. Ab. par la lachete de Ses
Provinciaux. J’ay etabli une harmonie entre les differens Corps qui
previendra tout accident de cette Nature, et en tenant la Balance egale,
encourageant les uns, and restraining the overbearing Spirit of the others,
chieffl}" of your Countrymen. Je puis hardiment vous repondre que vous
ne trouveres d’autre deffaut que I’lgnorance et ITnexperience, a quoi
je ne puis remedier — mais ils Seront fideles, et ne vous abandonneront pas.
La dispersion des Corps rend les Returns^*^ difficiles, mais vous les aures
incessamm^
Vous rendes le Service le plus important a nos Colonies par le Traite^^
que vous aves Si heureusem* appomte. J’espere que vous pourres prevaloir
sur les Plenipotentiaries d’y porter des dispositions convenables aux
Circonstances critiques ou nous nous trouvons, et qu’une fois en leur
vie, ils feront ceder leurs Jalousies, et leurs petits Interets de Province,
au Bien general de leur Patrie. LTnaction des Indiens Sera le premier
avantage qui nous en reviendra, et quand vous ne feries rien de plus,
je crois que vous leur rendes dans cette occasion un Service plus important
qu’une Victoire.
J’arrangeray demain avec Hoops la marche de Ses Boeufs; Je ne Scai
Si je vous ai mande mon Sentim^ sur cet Article; C’est de faire avancer
1500 Boeufs a Loyal H. ou on les tuera en 7bre, nous y construirons des
Smoking houses, pour fumer tout ce Boeuf Sale, qui nous fera un fond
de Provisions pour 4000 homes pour 4 mois, independant des accidens,
et nous n’aurons plus a pourvoir et charrier que des farines: II faudra
que Hoops fasse venir de Sel sans delay.
Le fourrage est un autre article qui demandera bien des Chariots;
Hoops dit que presque tous ceux qui Sont au Service, ne peuvent plus
Servir, ou demeureroient Si long terns sur la Route que Ton ne pourroit
compter Sur Eux, outre la depense et la quantite de fourage qu’ils con-
sument. II ne reste qu’un Party a prendre a mon avis, qui est de congedier
tous les Chariots qui Sont en mauvais ordre, et en engager de nouveaux;
C’est la difficulte: Compter Sur la bonne Volonte des habitans de Pen-
silvanie, ou sur les Press Warrants des Magistrats Seroit une duperie.
394
20 August 1758
et nous mourrirons de faim: Vous n’aves plus de Troupes reglees a em-
ployer pour cette Comission, mais 11 y a environ 300 Provinciaux entre
Shippensburg, Carlisle, et I’Est Side of Susquehanna, exclusifs des 200
homes a Fort Auguste: Ces honetes gens la ne presseront personne a
moins que vous ne leur donnies un Chef qui les fasse marcher. Je pense
que Sir John Seroit tres propre a cette Expedition, et que Si vous voulies
lui confier le Commandement de ces Enfans perdus, il effrayeroit toute
le Province et vous trouveroit entre Philad^ Lancaster, Berks County, &
York, 300 Chariots qui pourrolent nous aporter dans un Seul Voyage
environ trois mois de farine a un Prix fixe per Cent, livree a Reas Town
Se fournissant eux memes de fourage: 15 Sh. p'' Cent depuis Carlisle ne
Seroit pent etre pas trop.
Les maladies ont Si fort affoibh I’armee que je ne vois pas que vous
puissies fournir les Escortes necessaires, ni garder la Communication, a
moins d’y employer les 300 homes cy deseus: Je Seals que toute la
Province criera au Meurtre, mais Si cette mesure est necessalre au Succes
de PExpeditlon. Leurs Plaintes Sans raison ne vous arreteront pas.
Le ministre Bay^- qui peut rendre plus de Service en procurant des
Chariots qu’en prechant, vous en promettre Cent de York, mais il ne
veut SVngager qu’apres les Semailles, nous avons pour deux mois de
farine, et si I’on pouvoit compter sur luy, 11 Seroit terns, mais I’autre
mesure est plus Sure, parce que dans un Seul Jour de marche, vous
pourries rafler 200 Chariots a Philad® et les y charger: Le Sheriffs® de
Lancaster en trouvera 100 dans Son Comte, ce qui feroit votre Nombre.
Des que Hoops aura arrange Ses affaires icy, il ira a Cumberland, ou
le convoy de Walker est attendu chaque Jour et retournera a Carlisle
apres [y]t avoir receu vos ordres, pour preparer les magazins afin que ces
Chariots ne Soient pas retenus.
L*^ Cap"® Sinclair^^ est occupe a fouiller tons les Magazins, quantite
de Choses ayant ete envo3^ees Sans Liste, il faut tout examiner; Cela
fait Je I’envoyeray de votre cote, a moins que vous ne preferies d’envoyer
un ordre a Son Parent, qui n’aura rien a faire iqy de quelque terns et i[l]
pourroit etre de retour pour continuer le Chemin depuis L. H. apres
avoir procure les Chariots, et place les magazins de fourage Sur la Route.
Je regois dans I’lnstant un Raport d’un de nos officiers^® qui revient
du Fort, je le fais copier pour vous I’envoyer; et j’aprens qu’un autre
offfeier detache avec les memes ordres arrlvera demain. Ils ont reconnu
la Place de deux differens cotes, et 11 paroit qu’avec 5, a 600 frangois, il
y a un tres grand nombre d’Indiens, beaucoup de Boeufs, et de moutons.
Les Sauvages Sont de peu de consequence, quand on est prevenu, et je
crois qual est en votre pouvolr de les rendre tout a fait inutiles.
Des que j’auray le Relation^® de Chew /I’autre offfeier/ Je vous
I’envoyeray.
t Stricken out.
20 August 1758
395
Le Sheriff de Lancaster entre dans ma Tente, et dit que les Chariots
!u Comte de Philad® ayant ete payes, Si vous ne faites pas la meme
;race a ceux de Lancaster il Sera difficile de les engager a Servir d’avan-
age. II aura I'honeur de vous representer lui meme ses Raisons.
Our good Governor is recovered, and very happy to hear of your
(resent State of health.
I beg you a thousand Pardons for this tedious nonsense. I must Speak
o every Body, and write at the Same time.
I am Sir
Your most obed*^ & most humble Servant
Menry Bouquet
General Forbes.
Endorsed] Letter Colon^ Bouquet Raestown 20‘^ Aug* 1758.
iir:
[TRANSLATION]
Raj^stown Camp, Aug. 20, 1758.
I sent you an express* yesterday morning, and this moment receive
mur letter of the 18th.- The return of your health was the only news
ffiich could counterbalance the melancholy description of the state of
flairs in the north. Take good care of yourself, without exposing your-
elf too soon to the jolts of the infernal road over which you must pass.
If the good condition of your little army can hasten your recovery,
inform you with pleasure that everything goes well. I went yesterday
o reconnoiter that terrible mountain and found a road where a six-
lorse carriage could be taken without difficulty. The gap is improved,
md I have seen twenty loaded wagons go up there without doubling.
have given Major Lewls^ and Sir Allen* the thanks which they deserve
or this work. One could wish for nothing better. By climbing to the
econd hill, which requires no effort, I could see as far as sight could
each, and saw distinctly the whole course of Laurel Hill. There is a
arge gap, bearing north by west of us, about 20 miles north of our road,
\ffiich cuts through the mountain from top to bottom, and I am told
hat it is the Kiskemenitas pass.® I asked Sir John® to have it recon-
loitered to find out if there is an Indian path, and to skirt the mountain
)n the other side as far as L. H.* Although this pass is of no use to us
It present, it is good to know of it for many reasons.
The two parties met yesterday, and the road is open for wagons as
ar as Edmund’s Swamp; and Tuesday they can go to Kickeny Pawlins.
2ol. Stephens has done very well indeed on his side, and displayed much
396
20 August 1758
judgment and energy. Rhor writes me that he has made a very good
road across the Shades of Death, which was one of the bad passes; and
he has already cut three miles beyond Kickeny Pawlins. These gentle-
men deserve much praise for having surmounted all these obstacles
in so short a time; and what gives me much satisfaction — they have
kept their troops in a good humor. Every one is contented, and believes
himself immortalized by having worked to open this route.
They are going so rapidly that they oblige me to have the post of
Loyalhanna occupied before your arrival. Fortunately, Major Grant has
arrived, and I can entrust this mission to him. He has gracefully sacri-
ficed his dislike to serve under provincial officers for the good of the
service; and as there is no one more energetic, and at the same time
receptive to advice, than Colonel Burd, I shall send him with him. They
will have all the Americans (they are too few to be divided), 400 High-
landers, 400 of Washington’s, and 400 of the Second Battalion of Penn-
sylvania. These 1500 men will begin by making entrenchments for their
camp, as protection against a surprise attack. Then they will go to work
building storehouses for our provisions, and will shield them by a fort
built of stockades or logs; and this fort may, if necessary, be reinforced
by another exterior line, and the interval of fifteen to eighteen feet filled
with earth from the ditch. For the present they will make only the
interior enclosure. They will keep advanced posts all around them,
which will be relieved every day, and which will lay m ambush along
the approaches, changing their location often. They will also send out
parties of some strength to reconnoiter, etc.
While they are working at this post. Colonel Armstrong with 400 men
of his battalion, and the two companies of workmen from Virginia and
one company from the Fower Counties,® will improve the road, build
a redoubt at Edmund’s Swamp, and cut the road from Kickeny Pawlins,
in order to go and join them, leaving detachments at the redoubt which
is at the head of the gap,® at Edmund’s Swamp, and at Kickeny Pawlins.
The first division of the artillery will march Tuesday or Wednesday with
2 12-pounders and their ammunition 23 wagons
2 6-pounders with ditto 2
8 cohorns 1
108 barrels of powder 9
72 cases of shot 6
24 reams of cartridge paper, thread, etc. ... 1
In all 42
The horses will come back here, and after they have rested, the second
division will march. I shall have forage carried along the route, and have
good care taken of the horses. There is little grass on the mountain.
20 August 1758
397
but a prodigious quantity of locust which will be cut, and which is
more nourishing than grass.
We shall not lack for pasturage here, and we shall find it in abundance,
they say, at Loyalhanna.
There is already plenty of provisions at Kickeny Pawlins with forty
cattle, and I shall easily supply all the food necessary with pack horses.
I hope that this arrangement is in conformity with your ideas. I take
a great deal on myself, but I have carefully considered all the circum-
stances and do not believe that there are any risks attached.
Your idea to have paths opened for flanking parties is excellent, and
I shall have it carried out at once. I have always drawn up the troops
and had them march in double file, and I have found by experience that
seven columns in this order have penetrated the densest thickets, and at
a drum signal they have spread out and formed line of battle in two
minutes, holding a very long front — with light troops and cavalry off to
the side keeping up a continual fire, and the same all along the line. In
all the encounters in the field or in the woods, I notice that the enemy —
especially the Indians — attack our flanks first and tr}^ to surround us.
This will be impossible for them through this plan; we should outflank
them every time, and if they detach parties to turn our position, they
must encounter our light troops advanced at least 200 paces; but more
about it at meeting.
I can assure you that, whatever our fate, you will never experience
the indignities suffered by General Abercromby through the laxness of
his provincials. I have established harmony between the different corps
which will prevent any accident of that nature, and by holding the
ba'ance even, encouraging these, and restraining the overbearing spirit
of the others, chiefly of your countrymen, I can truly assure you that
you will find no fault other than ignorance and inexperience, which I
cannot remedy — but they are loyal and will not abandon you. The dis-
persal of the corps makes the returns^® difficult, but you shall have them
at once.
You render the most important service to our colonies by the treaty^^
which you have so wisely appointed. I hope that you will be able to
prevail on the plenipotentiaries to carry to it plans suitable to the
critical circumstances in which we find ourselves; and that, for once in
their lives, they will forget their jealousies and their petty provincial
interests, for the general good of their fatherland. The inactivity of the
Indians will be the first advantage we shall receive from it, and if you
should accomplish nothing more, I believe that on this occasion you do
them a service more important than a victory.
Tomorrow I shall arrange with Hoops the dispatch of his cattle. I do
not know if I have informed you of my opinion on that subject. This is
398
20 August 1758
to send 1500 cattle to Loyalhanna where the}^ will be slaughtered in
September. We shall biuld smoke houses there, to smoke all this salt
beef, which will give us a supply of provisions for 4000 men for four
montns, barring accidents, and we shall have nothing to provide and
transport but flour. Hoops must have salt sent without delay.
Forage is another article which will require many wagons. Hoops says
that almost all those which are in service can no longer be used, or would
take so long on the way that they could not be depended on, aside from
the expense and the quantity of forage they consume. There remains
only one decision to take in my opinion, which is to dismiss all the wagons
in bad condition and hire new ones. That is the difficulty: to count on
the good will of the inhabitants of Pennsylvania or on the press warrants
of the magistrates would be folly, and we should die of hunger. You have
no more regular troops to use for that purpose, but there are about 300
provincials between Shippensburg, Carlisle, and the east side of Susque-
hanna, not counting the 200 men at Fort Augusta. These fine gentlemen
will not impress anyone, unless you give them a leader who will make
them step. I think that Sir John would be very suitable for that expedi-
tion, and that if you would terrorize the entire province and would find
for you, between Philadelphia, Lancaster, Berks County, and York,
300 wagons which might bring us in a single trip about three months’
supply of flour at a fixed price per hundredweight delivered at Raystown,
supplying their own forage. Fifteen shillings per hundredweight from
Carlisle would perhaps not be too much.
Sickness has weakened the army so much that I do not see how you
can furnish the necessary escorts nor guard the communication, without
emp!o3dng for this the 300 men below here. I know that the whole
province will cry murder, but if that measure is necessary for the success
of the expedition, their unfounded complaints will not stop you.
The minister Bay,^^ who can be of greater service by procuring wagons
than by preaching, will promise you a hundred from York, but he does
not want to undertake it until after sowing-time. We have two months’
supply of flour, and if we can depend on him, there would be time; but
the other way is more certain, because in one day of bargaining you
could snatch 200 wagons at Philadelphia and load them there. The
Sheriff^^ of Lancaster will get 100 in his county, which would make your
number. As soon as Hoops has settled his business here, he will go to
Cumberland, where Walker’s convoy is expected any day; and will
return to Carlisle, when he receives your orders, to prepare storehouses
so that these wagons will not be delayed.
Captain Sinclair^^ is busy ransacking all the storehouses; as many of
the things were sent without a list, it is necessary to examine everything.
When that is done, I shall send him to you, unless you would prefer to
20 August 1758
399
send an order to his parent, who will have nothing to do here for some
time; and he might go back to continue the road from Loyalhanna, after
obtaining wagons, and placing stores of forage along the way.
I just received a report from one of our officers^® who is returning
from the fort. I am having it copied to send to you, and I learn that
another officer, detached with the same orders, will arrive tomorrow.
They have reconnoitered the place from two different sides, and it seems
that with five or six hundred Frenchmen there are a great number of
Indians, many cattle, and many sheep. The savages are of little conse-
quence, when one is forewarned, and I believe that it is in your power
to render them completely useless.
As soon as I have the account^® from Chew (the other officer), I shall
send it to you.
The Sheriff of Lancaster comes into my tent, and says that, as the
wagons from Philadelphia County have been paid for, if you do not
grant the same favor to those from Lancaster, it will be difficult to hire
them to serve more. He will have the honor of presenting his reasons
to you in person.
[The rest of this letter is in English]
Probably carrying his letter of August 18.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, August 18.
® Major Andrew Lewis.
* Capt. Allan MacLean.
® Kiskiminetas Pass is about 2 miles northwest of the mouth of Laurel Run on the
Conemaugh River.
° Sir John St. Clair.
’’ Loyalhanna.
® Now the state of Delaware.
“There is no comma here in the French, but from the previous statement regarding
the redoubt at Edmund’s Swamp, it seems implied that there are three distinct
redoubts. The redoubt “at the head of the gap” probably refers to Fort Dewart on
the Allegheny Mountain.
“ Not found.
“ Fourth Easton Council, planned for September, but finally held from October 8-26.
“Andrew Bay, appointed chaplain to the third battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment,
in July.
“Joseph Pugh, sheriff in 1757 was succeeded by William Smith in 1758 but exact
dates of terms of service could not be found.
“Capt. James Sinclair.
“ Ens. John Allen’s Report, p. 324, which see.
“ Ens. Colby Chew’s Report, p. 400, which see.
400
Reports on Roads
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639. f. 44, A. L. S.]
Fort Dewart^ Aug- 20-‘‘ 1758
Dear Sir
The Smoak we saw yesterday was Cap^ Fields camp at Stephens Spring
I have labour’d hard to get a direct Road from this to it, but it is not
possible to Effect it Rocks and deep Swamps interveen, on good thing
I have done, I have cut the Road round the assent we rode up yesterday.
You may send on the A- when you please I shall be ready for
them, our partys are come in from the french fort, but I have not seen
their Report.
I am with the greatest Regard
D-- Sir
Your most obedient and most humble Servant
John S^ Clair.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handivriting] Sir John 20'^*’ Aug.
[Addressed] On Elis Alajestys Service To Colonel Bouquet Commanding
at Rays Town Camp
^At the summit of Allegheny Mountain, near source of Breastwork Run, about 6
miles east of camp at Edmund’s Swamp. Sometimes called “the fort on the top of
the Allegheny Hill.”
^ Army.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
fLoyalhanna, Aug. 21, 1758]
Letter missing. This, with a letter enclosed from Major Grant, was among those car-
ried by the e.xpress, Thomas Glen, who deserted on August 29. Bouquet repeated the
contents of the letter in his to Forbes, August 31, which see.
COLBY CHEW: REPORT ON ROAD^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216S8, f. 32, Df.]
Monday Aug®* 7**' 1758 —
[Raystown, c. Aug. 21, 1758]
Set out from Raystown by Order of CoE Bouquett with a party of Indians
and white men to make what Discovery I could of the strength and
Situation of Fort Duquesne —
Reports on Roads 401
I proceeded as far this night as the Shawnev Cabbins about 8 miles,
S. 80 W.
Tuesday" the 8*^' we Continued our Course along the Old Trading
Path,‘ Cross’d the Alleghany Ridge and Incamp’d at Edmons Swamp
12 Miles N 70 W.
Wednesday' 9-^ we marcht about 9 miles N 60 W. to Qulmahony Creek,
at which place we Continued Thrusday 10^*^ Fryday the ll-'^ we Proceeded
Early in the morning, Crossed the Lauril Ridge and came to an old
Incampment at the Lo3’al hanan old Town® 15 Miles N. 55 W. —
Saturday" the 12*^^ we continud on our way along the Old Trading Path,
which kept for 10 or 12 Miles, or the most part along the low grounds
of the Loyal hannon, tho, it sometimes turnd of the River and Crossed
some Ridges and the Points of hills. The high Land is well Timberd,
the Ridges not high, the Low grounds of the River and in General of
all the Creeks ver}’ thick and Bushejy we this day Discoverd some Verj^
late signs of Indians. 15 Miles N. 60. W. —
Sunda\' the 13^*^ we marched Vert" Early and Continued on till 10
OClock, when the Indians halted to Conjure, as they had all the day
seen fresh signs of Enemt;, (the Low grounds Verj^ thick and Bushey)
we sent Out scouts who Continud out till near dark which Occation’d
us to Incamp there that night, when the scouts Returnd they inform’d
that the Enemy had gone on Directly towards Fort Duquesne. This After-
noon when the sun was about an hour high heard the Report of 12
Cannon as we Imagin’d at F. D. 5 Miles N. 80 W. —
Monday" 14^*^ we Continud Our march and sent out scouts who Dis-
coverd no Signs Unless those that went along the path, but heard Several
Guns Fireing. the Path went Over a great many Ridges well Timberd.
7. M Corse near W —
Tuesday the 15-'^ We marched Ver\’ EarR and came in about 8 miles
from our Camp to a large path that came from the Northward into
the Old Trading path; in which we saw the Tracts of a great many
Indians going both ways, we imagine the Guns that our scouts heard
Yesterday was Fired b\^ a Part\’ going along this road. Several horses
some of which was shod had been along this Path the day before towards
F. D. the way was good the Ridges low and well Timberd, but all the
Branches Verj^ thick w^’’ Crab Trees and white Haws, 42 Miles W. As
the Provisions was Near spent the Indians this Night held a Council of
war in w*^*^ it was Determin’d that all Except myself Sarj*^ VaughaM and
five Indians should Return.
Wednesda\r the 16’*^ we sent back those that w’as to return and Pro-
ceeded on our way being OnK’- seven in Number we came where a large
Party of Indians had been about 10 Days agone, I imagine from the
402
Reports on Roads
size of this Encampment about 100. They had claird about 5 or 6 feet
squair very clean, and had left in it five peaces of bark with two or
three pipes full of Tobacco on each peace it was about six miles from
our last Camp to this place the path but Indifferent crossing many Ridges,
and Course about N 80 W.
N. B The hills end at this place, and it is a plain Country from here
to the Fort, we here left the Old Trading Path and went about 3 miles
N. W. then turnd S. W Crossed the path and kept a Course S. 70. W.
till we were within 2 miles of the French Fort.® then went to the N of W
and came to an old Indian town^* on y® Ohio about 1 14 miles above the
Fort, where I had a good View up and down the River we see some Cattle
Grasing on an Island down the River, and hid ourselves in a Thickett
till the Indians Conjord and Painted, after which we went down the
River within % of a mile of the Fort then turned S. E. and went upon
a Stony Ridge where the Chief Warriour’^ took his Conjouring Imple-
ments and Tyed them about the Neck of three Indians, and told them
the}^ could not be hurt, round my neck he tyed an otter skin in which
his Conjouring Emplyment had been kept and round the Sarj-® he tyed
a bagg of paint that had been kept with the Rest of his Conjouring
things, he then told us that none of us could be shot for those things
would turn the Balls from us he then made us strip of [all ourjt all
our Cloath Except our brich clouts and Mokesons, shook hands with
us and told us to go and fight like men, for Nothing could hurt us. The
first View I had of the fort was from the Banks of the Ohio, but at a
great Distance, we saw a Battau and 2 Cannoes; there ware Indians in
them Fishing, we ware then in a Pasture fenced in with Trees fell one on
the other, we saw by the Tracts that this pasture /the furthest part of
which is not above % of a mile from the fort/ was much Frequented by
Indians, we Continu’d in the pasture from which place I could make
no great Discoveryes Except of the Number of Tents, till almost sun
Seting, at which time I let the Indians know that I wanted them to
Accompany me to the Top of a Ridge that run Directly towards the
Fort but they Disliked the preposeal and Refus’d, as they are in great
Expectations of Geting a scalp. However when they saw that I was
Determind to go and had Proceeded on towards the place they Followed
me. From the Top of this Ridge I had an Extrodenary good View of
the fort as it over lookt it, and scarce half a mile from the fort. There
were 50 or 60 Tents pitched on the River Ohio and about 100 Yards
from the Fort, and there was several houses on Monongahala. There was
Neighther Cannoes nor Battoes in this River, that I could Persieve nol
could I discern any new works, about the Fort. I imagin the men paradt
in the fort as I saw them going in at Retreat beating and from what I
t Stricken out.
Reports on Roads
403
saw I do not iinagin there is above 300 Frenchman. The Indians kept
a Continial Hooping and Hallowing but could not see their camp, unless
the Tents I mentiond ware pitcht for them, which I judg’d ware from
the first, and the Appearance of the people, at them, by their Looks
noise &c. imagend them to be Indians I could see no sign of a camp
or Building of Eighther of the Rivers, after Dark the Indians got to
singing & Dancing, and by their Noise judg’d them to be about 50 in
number, all which the Cherokeys told me ware Shawneys.
As I have Taken a Plan® of the place and Fort as well as I could
upon a seperate paper I shall make no mention of it here.
This da}*’s march had we kept the path would have been about 42
miles, the Corse about N. 80 W. The Ohio runs about S 20 W The
Monongahala at the mouth runs from near E. from the top of this Ridge
1 moved to another place Nearer to the Monongahala but could make
no further Discovereys.
From this place we went back to the head Warnour and after some
Consultations agreed to Return home upon which we came about a
mile, and near the old Traiding path Encamp’d we heard the Indians
singing and Dancing all night.
Thursday the 17*^ as soon as Day brake we begane our march which
we Continud Veary fast till 1 oClock, in which time we came near 30
miles, and Over took our Party which we orderd back, we then Cauld
a halt to Refresh our selves after which we Continued our march To-
gether and came about 12 miles Further and Halted for that night about
2 miles before we Incamped we came upon some fresh Tracts Comeing
from the Eastward.
Friday the 18^' we Continued on our march Pursuing the Tracts that
we came on last night. The low grounds & Branches which I mentiond
in my Journal as I went Towards Fort Duquense is Veary low and
Liable to be over folowed, and Consiquenth' Veary moist and soft so
that I am afraid a Rode thro them will be but indifterant for Carriages.
W e Follow’d the Tracts till night when we Incamped about 4 miles from
the Camp® at Quimahony Creek.
Saturday the 19**^ we marched Early in the morning and came to the
Camp where we found it was Ens" Allens^® Party that we Tract and
that they had arived at Cam.p but the night before.
[«o signature]
^ Colby Chew apparently sent Washington a journal of his trip to Duquesne, which
is very similar to this report. The journal is printed in Hamilton, Letters to Wash-
ington. Ill, 39-43.
'The Raystown Branch of the Allegheny Path.
® An old Indian village on Loyalhanna Creek, later site of Fort Ligonier.
404
21 August 1758
'‘Possibly William Vaughan of James City. He was paid by the Virginia Assembly,
in 1758, for service with the Virginia troops.
^ Fort Duquesne.
° Shannopin’s Town.
’’ Not identified.
®Not found.
° Major George Armstrong’s camp, at Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
Ens. John Allen. See his Report, p. 324.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 21V Augl 1758
Dear Sir
I Send you 20 Pack horses for the use of your Scouting Partys,
Pork. Your Convoy^ will I hope arrive Soon and restore Plenty in your
Empty Stores.
If the 3 Cherokees Acc-- could be depended upon, The Erench must
have a Camp concealed near the Eort, as they have certainly received
a Reinforcem* I Expect Some Intellig?*^® from the Several Partys^ actually
out.
I had last night a Letter^ from the General, who is, thank God, better
than he has been for Six Weeks. Nothing will prevent his journey, but
his extreme Weakness; he proposes to Set out to morrow from Shippens-
burg.
I went Saturday to the Top of the Allegheny Hill where I had the
Satisfaction to See a very good Road. 20 loaded Waggons went up
without dobbling their Teams: and proceeded as far as Edmunds Swamp:
To morrow the Road will be cut 3 miles beyond Kickeny Pawlins, Re-
mains 13 to Loyal Hannon:
The 23'? Inst: 1500 men are ordered to take Post there, and as I remain
here w?'‘ about 800 men, I beg you will Send me the Marylanders, and
Pensilvaniens, who might be wP‘ you:
Our affairs to the Northward are in a bad situation. There is a flying
Raport, of Louisburg being in our bands but I doubt of it.
21 August 1758
405
Hoops who goes to Cumberland, will give directions for the number
of Battoes wanted from Virg^
I am D"" S''
Your most obed* hble serv-
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] [From] Colonel Bouquet 2H* Aug' 1758
Be So good as to Send me for the Gen’ an Exact Return’’ by Companys
of every man under your Comand. Aly Compl: to Col. Byrd. I received
last night the inclosed®
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 38-39.
'The convoy was at Pearsall’s Sunday evening, August 20, and was expected at Fort
Cumberland by Wednesday, August 23. See Washington to Bouquet, August 21.
See Washington to Bouquet, August 21.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, August 8,
’‘See Forbes to Bouquet, August 18.
^Not found. Requested by Forbes in his letter to Bouquet, August 18, and enclosed
in a letter from Washington to Bouquet, August 24.
“This probabh’ refers to a report of the roads, made by Colby Chew, which pre-
cedes this, and also to John Allen’s Report, p. 324. See Washington to Bouquet,
August 24.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. iMSS. 21641, f. 48, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 2U* August 1758
Dear Sir
Thirty Cuttawbas^ came here this evening — and the Convoy may be
expected on Wednesday, as it was at Pearsalls last night.
Governor Sharpe I am told will be here in a day or two I am at a loss
to know how he Ranks, and whether he is entitled to the Command. In
the Army he Ranks as LieutI Colonel only — but what his pretensions
as Governor in his own provence is, I really dont know, or whether he
has any or not I shoud therefore be glad of your Advice, being unwilling
either to dispute the point wrongfully, or to give up the Command to
him if it is my Right — Neither of which I woud do knowingly- — at all
events I shall keep it till I hear® from you.
I am Sir Y*" Most Obedf H®'® Serv^
G" Washington
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] Col. Washington 2U’ Aug.
406
C. 23 August 1758
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service To Colonel Bouquet — Com-
manding His Majesty’s Forces — at Rays Town.
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washingtofi, II, 273.
^ The draft reads “Twenty five Cuttawbas.”
“The draft ended here.
“ Bouquet answered this letter on August 23, which see.
BOUQUET TO TULLEKEN
[Raystown, Aug. 22, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Tulleken in his to Bouquet, October 1, 1758. The
letter evidently contained a brief account of the progress of the troops and road building
between Raystown and Loyalhanna.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 189, A. L. S.]*
[Raystown, c. Aug. 23, 1758]
Instructions for Colonel Burd
Sir
You are to march from Reas Towm Camp the 23^ Aug: wl^ the R. A.
U* Highland Batt 5 Companies
Your own Batt.
one division of artillery
Entrenching Tools
-- Waggons loaded w-^ Provisions.
You are to proceed to Loyal Hannon, leaving your Waggons where
the Road is not open w-*^ orders to join you w-*' all possible Expedition.
When the three days Provisions taken by your men are consumed
(they are Served for the 255'^ Inclusive) you will take Provisions out
of the Waggons of your Convqy, and make them carry Part of the other
Waggon’s load:
The Horses are to be tyed every night upon the mountain, as they
w'ould otherwise be lost; Locus is to be cut for them: They could perhaps
be lefft loose at Edmunds Swamp, and Kickeny Pawlins.
LieuU Chew^ w^*^ a Party are to be detached from the Top of the
Allegheny to reconoitre in a Straight Line the ground betwixt that place
and the Gap of Lawrill hill, he is to cross that Gap, observing the course
of the Water, and the Path; and is to join the detachment at L. H. All
the detachments of the R. A. R. those of the 5 Compi® of Highlanders,
C. 23 August 1758
407
and of your own Batt'? are to march with j'ou to Lot’al H. with 3 or 4
days Provisions for the whole. Col. Stephens is to march w-’^ you and
his Six Comp?®
at the Place where you leave the Artillery and Waggons, your Men
are to carry the Tools themselves, Packing on the Horses the Saws
Grindstones,
You are to employ all the Pack Horses of the first Batt. and those that
you maj" find on the Road to carry your Provisions untill the Waggons
can come to you, and load the 5 Barrils of Cartridges; Drive also Some
Bullocks
As Soon as you arrive at L. H. M? Basset is to lay out your Incamp-
ment at the Place assigned by M? Rhor, w^*^ two Small Redouts at 200
yards; All hands are then to be employed in entrenching the Camp;
Those who have no Tools will pitch the Tents, cook, and the rest releave
one another in the Work.
Before night the Ground must be reconoitred and 3'our advanced
guards posted; The Centrt^s are to releave every hour in the night, with-
out noise.
No Drum is to beat as long as you judge that the Post has not been
reconnoitred by the Ennemys
Suffer (in the beginning chieffly) no hunters or Stragglers, to prevent
their being taken. No gun to be fired.
a Store house of 120 foot long, and at least 25 wide is to be built im-
mediatly to lodge 3mur Provisions and Ammunition, in the Place where
the Fort is to be erected, and covered w^^ Shingles.
All the Artificers are to be put to Work: the Sayiers and Shingle
Makers with the Smiths first.
an Hospital is to be built near the Fort, and Ovens. i\P Rhor is to give
the direction for the Fort.
If there is an^^ possibilin* of making Hay, no time is to be lost, and
the clear grounds are to be kept for that use, and not Serve for Pasture.
send proper People to reconnoitre where sea Coal could be got, if there
is none, Char coal must be made.
The houses of office to be kept clean and covered evert" day.
The ammunition and Arms carefulh^ inspected, the Arms loaded w”^
a running Ball.
The Tools to be delivered to Each Partt' upon Receipt of their Com-
manding officer, who is to See them returned to the Stores before night.
The Intrenchm- is to be divided b\’ tasks, and all the officers are to
inspect the Work.
408
23 August 1758
If you Send any Party forward, Don’t permit them to take Scalps,
which Serves only to render the Ennemys more vigilant. No Party is to
be Sent, iintill you hear from Major Armstrong and Cap* Shelby.
It would perhaps be proper to change every day the place of your
advanced Posts; secure all avenues. If any difficulty Should occur to you.
Consult Major Grant, whose Experience and perfect Knowledge of the
Service you may rely intirely upon.
I give you the above instructions by way of Memorandum, and you
are at Liberty to make any alterations that your Judgment and the Cir-
cumstances may direct.
Let me hear from 3mu every two days; You know that Some of the
Provincial officers are not vigilant upon Guard. Warn them every day.
The}^ could ruin all our affairs: Keep a Journal- of 5mur Proceedings.
I am
Sir
Your most obed* hble serv*
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Coll; Bouquet 1758
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist, y Blog., Vol. XXXII, 437-440.
^ Lieut. Colby Chew. See his report, p. 400.
■ Not found.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 46, A. Df.]
Reas Town Camp 23'? Augl 1758
Dear Sir
Col. Burd, & Major Grant, march to day for L. H.* w**^ the Americans,
who are to be joined by the detachments upon the Allegheny that the
four Compi® be together at L. H. 5 Compi® of Highl;^ which are like-
wise to take w*’‘ them all the men belonging to them The Second Batt.
of Pensilvania,^ to be joined also by all the People belonging to them
The 6 Comp^'® of Col. Washington are also to march to Loyl H
and you will Keep upon the Road on this Side of L. H. the first Batt“
of Pensilvania, and the two artificers Compl®* of Virginia, w**^ the Comp7®
of the Lower County.
Col. Armstrong is to command at Kickeny Pawhns® and along the
Communication from the Gap of the Allegheny to the foot of Lawrell
Hill.
23 August 1758
409
A Proportion of the Tools w*'* your different Partys Specified in a list'^
are to be given to Col. Burd, and all the broken ones Sent back here to
be mended.
I beg you will push on the Road towards Loyal Hannon as quick as
possible, as the Troops there, will want Several things which cannot be
carryed by Horses.
The first Division of artillery* Set out today. The Horses are to return
from Loyal H here immediatljq to carry another Division.
I beg you will order back to this Camp all the Pack Horses and Wag-
gons you can dispense w^** and to let me know by this Express, by what
time you judge that the Road can be open’d to L. H.
Colonel Burd is to Command on the West of Lawrell Hill, and to march
without delay and before the Road is cut to Loyal H where his Convoy
and the artillery are to proceed, as Soon as possible.
After the Road is cut, jmu will be pleased to order the number of men
necessary from the L‘ Batt of Pensilvania, Lower County, and Artificers
Comp^ to polish and repair the Road and Send the last to L. H. after
having garrisoned, Castle Duart;® Edmunds Swamp, and Kickeny
Pawlins, with Colonel Armstrong’s Battallion.
Your Presence here will be very necessary as soon as jmu can trust the
Road to Others.
The General’s orders^® to me are to carry on a Small Road, at about
100 yards to the right & lefft of the main Road, and parrallel w-*^ it, by
which the flanking Parties might advance easier along w-** the Line; There
is no occasion to cut any large Trees, only to clear away the Brushwood
and Saphns; That Work will chieffly be necessary in the thickety Places,
where a man on horse back can not pass; I beg you will give the neces-
sary directions for the Execution of that order.
{no signature]
[En dorsed in Bouquet’ s handwriting] Letter to Sir John 24^'‘ Aug:
altered^^ in some Circumstances
^ Loyalhanna.
■ Col. .Archibald Montgomery’s 77th Regiment.
’“Commanded by Col. James Burd.
*The two companies of artificers were commanded by Captains John Field and John
Posey.
° Capt. John McChighan’s company.
® Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
’ Not found.
®The Pennsylvania Royal Artillerj% commanded by Captain David Flay.
° Fort Dewart, located at the top of .'\llegheny Mountain.
“Forbes to Bouquet, August 18, which see.
’“^Original letter not found.
410
23 August 1758
BOUQUET TO SHARPE
[Maryland Historical Society, Gilmor Papers, Vol. II, f. 9, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 23'? Aug? 1758
Sir
I was favoured w?*' your Letter^ of the 13?’' Inst? Sir John did not
answer the former of the 28?’' July, for want of an opportunity.
He is upon the Road over the Allegheny, and I Shall acquaint him of
the agreable mistake for the Corn:
I hear by Col. Washington that you are expected at Cumberland, and
wish I was at Liberty to pay you my Respects there: The General is
Still at Shippensburg, or coming, and in better health than he had been
for Six Weeks: If your affairs could permit you to come here. It would
be very agreable to him and to us all:
We have very agreable Accounts from F ... A no new Works, no great
Reinforcements.
I am w?’' the greatest Regard
Sir
To His Excellency
Govt Sharpe
Your most obed’ & most hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
{Endorsed] Col’ Henry Bouquet
1758
* Printed in the Md. Arch., IX, 243.
' Not found.
* Fort Duquesne.
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[Camp near Raystown, c. Aug. 23, 1758]
Letter missing but acknowledged by Col. Stephen in his to Bouquet, August 24. Pre-
sumably the letter contained directions for the road-cutting, upon which Stephen’s detach-
ment was engaged.
23 August 1758
411
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, f. 26, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 23^ Aug- 1758
Dear Sir
The Governors in America have no Comand of the Troops even of
their own Province as soon as they are joined w-'* any other of his Maj-
estys Forces, unless they have a Comission from the Commander in
Chief for that Purpose.
I have commanded the Forces at Philad? and at Charles Town, tho’ the
Governor was Cap- General in his Province, and was intirely independant
from them.
Governor Sharpe will not expect to have the Comand as Governor,
and as Lieut Col. he can not; and would not I Suppose choose to serve in
that Rank: Therefore you are very Right in keeping it.
I Send Cap^ Trent to bring here the Indians w-*^ you.
The Intelligences^ received by Lieut® Allen and Chew of your Regf are
full and very Satisfactory
I am
Dear Sir
Your most obed^ H*?'® Servant
Henry Bouquet
To Col. Washington
[Endorsed] [From] Colonel Bouquet 23'? Aug? 1758-
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 46-47.
^ See Reports by Ensigns John Allen and Colby Chew, pp. 324 and 400.
This was written in answer to Washington’s letter to Bouquet, on the subject, Au-
gust 21, which see.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 51, A. L. S.]
Edmonds Swamp Aug? 23'? 1758
Dear Sir
I got the Waggons safe as far as this post yesterday the road is so far
good, and if it had not raind so hard I was in hopes to report the Road
good this Night to Kikoney Pawlings. I have detaind two Waggons w?
Tools the rest return with Shellman,^ who will tell you what weight the
412
23 August 1758
Waggons will be able to carry, next Convoy shall proceed directly to
Kickony Pawlings. L* Cob Stephens- is encamped on Stoney Creek
Hardings Detach-^ w‘ Bulletts Company^ were Sent on to Pawlings, the
latter is gone on w^ Rohr, so soon as they return shall send the former
to Rays Town.
Cob Armstrong being very Sick is w^ his 100 Alen rank and file at
fort Dew'art, from whence I scarce expect Maj'' Lewis & Cap^ Posey this
day. All the Sick return w^ the Waggons. I shall leave men enough to
construct this fort w^ A'P Dudgeon, but shall want Basset to compleat the
others forward. I shall have sufficient Strength to cut the road to the
Clear Ground at the foot of Laurel Ridge, tell me if I am to construct
the Redout there, it is my opinion, not, untill the day before we cross
the [Rise], only to cut the road to it and w'ork backwards which can be
done in two days.
If you think the Road from Rays towm to the Shanoe^ Cabins vtdll be
w'et in the autumn, it wmud be w'ell to open the Road over the two Ris-
ings, and it would be shorter for our Returnd Waggons. I shall send out
a Reconoitering party 25 Miles Northwest that we know the Paths that
lead to sidling Plill. I am employd this day in mounting grind stones &
repairing all the Entrenching Tools, I wish Lyon had sent the Picks to be
pointed. I hope a forge Cart wall come up with the first division of Artil-
lery. I am with the most Sincere Reg'?
Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Ser-
John S* Clair.
To Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S‘ Clair 23^ Aug? 1758
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet Commanding
at Rays Town Camp
'‘John Shellman, wagon master.
■ Col. Adam Stephen, commanding a company of Virginians.
® Royal Americans.
* Virginians.
" Shawnee Cabins.
413
23 August 1758
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .\dd. MSS. 21639, f. 48, L, S.]
Stoney Creek Aiig^ 23'?^ 1758
Dear Sir
I wrote you yesterday- by Shellman the Waggon AT since that three
waggons have got to this place, the Road not so good as I shall make it.
The more I see of Edmunds Swamp the less it pleases me, its distance
from fort Dewart is too small, therefore think placing the Redout nearer
this will be better and not commanded. I think I have found a [fine]
Spot for it but after dinner shall reconoitre it closely. Harding sets out
to morrow w* his broken Detatch*® I shoud be glad to have out another
Brigade of Waggons that I ma}' move on the flower & pork from Edmonds
swamp before they return, till that is done I must leave Armstrongs
Batt" at the Swamp to cover the Alagazine. I hope to get to Kikoney
Rawlins to morrow night, if not shall do it next day.
I am at a loss for want of a Commissary, the one^ that was sent out is
at fort Dewart Sick, and b}^ his not sending his Stilliards^ I suppose they
are broke. Our poor men cry out for Salt, I have none to give them. Re-
member to send me a great quantity- of Iron Wedges W' the Shod hand
Spokes.
Tell M’' Sinclair to send me my Down Quilt the weather is cold. AT
Hoops’s Express is just going so must finish
I am
D^ Sir
Yours
John S- Clair.
my paper is bad
To Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed] Sir John S* Clair 23^ Aug^
^The date probably should be August 24. rather than the 23rd, since the letter which
went by Shellman was dated August 23.
^ See St. Clair to Bouquet, August 23, which was forwarded with Shellman.
® Not identified.
^ Steelyards.
414
23 August 1758
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 49, A. L. S.]
O'- Sir
Kikoney Paulins Aug^ 23^^^ 1758
I received your Letter of yesterdays date,- three miles on this side of
Edmonds Swamp, where I was clearing ground for a Redout. The con-
tents of your Letter acquainting me of the March of the Artillery &
Troops made me stop Cap-“ Harding from marching. Col- Stephens has
marched to this place, and Cap^“ M'^Clughans Comp? of the lower
Countys, with Cap* Fields Comp? of Carpenters. I left Maj* Lewis with
two Comp?® of Virginians Capt Poseys Comp? of Carpenters & Maj*
Jameson^ w-*^ about 100 of the 1®* Batt“ of Pensylvania to construct the
Redout, the latter to remain there, and the two former will advance to
this place the day after to morrow. I have directed Major Lewis to cut
the foot paths forward, and I shall observe the same thing as I go on.
But half a dozen of Men with Tomhaks can do that as fast as a Convoy
can march if you woud have me send Detach^® back to cut them say so
and it shall be done. Cob Armstrong is sick at fort Duart, L* Col- Hamil-
ton'* is guarding the flying Magazine® at Edmunds Swamp & Majt Jame-
son at the Redout now erecting, each have about 100 of the first Batf? of
Pensylvania, that is the whole of that Batt“ excepting those Maj?' Arm-
strong may have with him.
It is impossible for me to tell you any more than I have done about
the Road to L. H. I required 600 Men to make the Road over La:
Ri-ge® in three days on condition I was to see it done my Self, and per-
haps I might reach L - - H the 3* Day. I see by yours that you only pro-
pose the two Companys of Carpenters and the Comp? of the lower Coun-
tys for that work w?*^ cannot afford me 150 working men a day, so that
you may Judge of the time that the work will take; besides these Com-
panys are so harrassed with work that I had but 35 men able to work of
Cap-“ Fields Company.
I expect to get the Road cleared as far as the clear fields a Mile from
the foot of L - - R. on this Side, by the time the A - - y comes up, and shall
work afterwards with as many men as the Other Corps will give me;
that will depend on the Orders given to Cob Burd & Majt Grant.
I am at a loss to know, to whom I am to leave the Direction of the
Road, otherwise I wou’d have returned to Rays Town, the thing to me
is of such consequence, that as soon as I see the Road clear’d to L - - H.
that I shall do it if I receive yours or the Generals Orders for it, or
sooner, if you desire it. But if any Stop is made, to the Road being not
24 August 1758
415
opend it may all fall on me, as I am on the Spott. At the Same time no
man shall ever obey your orders with more cheerfullness than
Sir
Your Most obedient and most humble Servant
John S‘ Clair
To Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed] Sir John S‘ Clair 23*? Aug
^This letter was evidently written August 25. In his preceding letter, dated August
23, Sir John mentions that he hopes “to get to Kikoney Paulins to morrow night.”
® Not found. See Bouquet to St. Clair, August 23. This A. Df. was evidently the
basis for the missing letter.
'’Capt. David Jameson.
* Lieut. Col. Hance Hamilton.
“Temporary depot of supplies.
® Laurel Ridge.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[Camp near Raystown, Aug. 24, 1758]
Letter missing. In a rough draft of his letter to St. Clair, August 23, Bouquet outlined
the plans for the advance of the troops. In the endorsement, he mentioned alterations
made in his letter of August 24.
St. Clair acknowledged the letter in his to Bouquet, dated August 23, but presumably
written August 25.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 186, A. L. S.]
Camp Near Kicknepawlins August 24^*^ 1758
My Col,
I receid new life from your Letter^ this morning. The men under my
Command are in fine temper and I will execute your intentions as far
as depends on me. The Communication was Open to this place on munday
night, and I would have encamped here Tuesday forenoon, only was
Orderd by S" John S- Clair not to move before he Came up. I cannot
see your Reasons for unloading the Waggons at Edmund’s swamp;
The hopes of Seeing you as soon as possible, makes your Absence barely
tolerable. I got here this Afternoon and Can Say nothing of the ground
to the Westward. I have sent dowm Eight men to the gen' Hospital;-
416 24 August 1758
please to Order them to be taken Care of, and Oblige him who is with the
greatest Respect,
My D'' Col,
Your most 0b‘ hu*’^ Se-
Adam Stephen
P. S. S'' John got a Return^ to send you Yesterday
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Stephens 24^*' Aug.
' Not found.
* At Raystown.
® Not found.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 50, A. L S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 24^' August 1758.
Dear Sir
Your favour of the 21®*^ Inst“ accompanied by the 20 Pack Horses with
about 3000-*'® of Salt Pork came safe to hand. I had the pleasure likewise
of receiving yours of the 23^^ the Generals happy recovery affords me vast
Satisfaction, and am glad the New Road turn’s out so much to your
Liking.
The Convoy from Winchester arrivd here yesterday in the Evening —
they set out with 468 Beeves, 9 were killd on the Road and 411 were
dehverd at this place, the rest were lost on the Road; but as the Officer
sent immediately back after them we are in hopes the greatest part of
them will be found.
As only 26000’^ of Flour came up /which is not quite a Months Pro-
vision’s for the Troops here/ I have according to your orders^ detaind
it, likewise 90 Beeves, the rest sets out early to Morrow Morning as does
all the Forage except 60 Bushels of Corn.
When the Convoy got within 6 Miles of this place 3 Cuttawba Men &
2 squaws contrary to the Advice of the Officers, set on before the Convoy
for this Garrison, and soon after were fird upon by about 10 or 12 of the
Enemy who Killd Capf^ Bullen'* and Capt" French,® & wounded one of
the Squaws. The loss we sustain by the death of these two Indian War-
riors is at this Juncture very considerable as they were very remarkable
for their braver}^ and attachment to Our Interest — particularly poor
Bullen, whom /and the other/ we buried with Military Honours. The
Rest of the Cuttawbas, & What Nottoway’s and Tuscarora’s® that are here
sets out to Morrow with the Waggon’s for Rays Town.
As we had Intelligence of several Parties of the Enemy being about I
detach’d Parties different way’s in hopes of coming up, or cutting of the
25 August 1758
417
Retreat of some of them but without any effect — at the same time I
reinforcd the Convoy with 50 men.
There are several Waggon’s which came up here with the Flour, that
I am at a loss what to do with.
Sergeant Scot /mentioned in a late Letter/ this day returnd. He, when
within 2 Miles of Fort Duquesne came upon a few fresh Tracks making
Inwards which he followd, apprehending that they were Just at hand,
till his Provision’s were expended; and was therefore obligd to return
without making any discoveries worth mentioning I am glad M'' Chew &
hP Allan has been able to give you Acc-® so agreable.
Capt" Woodward'^ of the first Regiment 3 Sub® & 75 Rank & File
Marches tomorrow with 12 day’s Provision’s to waylay the Road* in y®
same manner as Capt" McKenzie® did.
Inclosd are exact Returns^® of Our Strength here. I am
O'" Sir Y'' Most Obed^ H**'® Serv-
G® Washington
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Washington 24-'' Aug.
* A. Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings o{ Washington, II, 273-275.
'’See Bouquet to Washington, August 21.
’‘See Bouquet to Washington, August 23.
® Embodied in Bouquet’s letter to Washington, August 17, which see.
* Capt. Johnny Bullen.
° Not identified, but probably Catawba warrior.
"Under escort of Capt. William Trent. Bouquet to Washington, August 23, which
see.
Capt. Henry Woodward and company of Virginians had been repairing road between
Pearsall’s and Fort Loudoun.
® Near Great Crossings.
"Capt. Robert McKenzie.
Not found.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[A. P. S. MSS., A. L. S.]
Reas Town Camp 25-*‘ Augi 1758
Dear Sir
I receive a Letter from Sir John who informs me that the artillery
and Waggons will be Stopped, if he has not more hands upon the Road:
Therefore if it is necessary you will leave w^' him a Detachml of 200 or
300 men to open the mountain, and proceed immediatly w”' the rest of
your Troops to Loyal Hannon.
418
26 August 1758
I Send you number of Horses and Baggs of flour, and desire you will
make Shift to lodge Safely the flour and Send us w*** the horses all the
Baggs back.
You could take a number of odd Cloath to cover the ground, Empty
the Baggs upon them, and cover the whole w“‘ a frame and the rest of
the Waggon Cloaths untdl you can make Granarys: We have no more
Baggs and the whole Supply would be Stoped.
I hope Rhor wdl he here to morrow, I am impatient to hear what he
has done and Shall Send him to you immediatly.
My best Compliments to Major Grant.
I am w-*‘ great truth
Dear Sir
Your most obed*^ hble Servant
Col. Burd. Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Coll; Bouquet 1758
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s service
To
Colonel Burd
on his March
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Raystown Camp, Aug. 25, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, August 28.
From Armstrong’s reply. Bouquet’s letter apparently contained further orders for the
disposition of the road-cutting parties.
Either this letter or the one of August 27 gave Armstrong permission to return to
Raystown because of poor health.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 191, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 26 Aug*^ 1758
Dear Sir
The dobble disappointment of the Post at Loyal Hannon, and of the
Road to it, overthrow’s all my Plan and Stopps Short our operations.
I can not take upon me to advance you So far without the General’s
Consent, and the Communication w**' you being not cut, I could not sup-
ply you with Provisions, ammunitions. Liquors, Tools, &c“
Col. Burd
26 August 1758
419
Therefore you will leave the Artillery and Wagons Either at Kickeny
Pawlins or further, and proceed with all your Detachment to Loyal Han-
non. Your men carrying w*^ them the necessary Tools. All the Pack
Horses must follow you, and be Sent back.
You will entrench your Camp at L. H. immediately, and at the Same
time make two Detachm^® of 300 Each. One to open the Road for your
Wagons thro’ Lawrell Hill, and the other to go reconoitre the new Post^
proposed by Mr. Rhor, and come back to you.
I order all the detachments from Sir John, to join him again and work
with all possible dispatch to cut the Road to you.
You will remain at Loy^ H , untill I Send you new orders, and keep
the most vigilant Lookout on all Sides and chieffly endeavour to prevent
the Ennemy Indians to reconnoitre your Post, by Several ambuscades all
about you.
You Should not have prevented Rhor from coming here being So near,
you may remember that I explained myself fully on that Head. A Post
of that Consequence cannot be build without the directions of the Chief
Ingeneer he would have been here today, and could have overtaken you
at Loy^ Hannon, you make me loose 5 or 6 days again. I beg you will
Send him here as soon as his proposed Post is reconnoitred w*^ all possible
dispatch.
If you go yourself w*^ Major Grant to See that Post, L‘ Col. Stephens
is to remain in the Camp, to carry on the Intrenchment, and Major Lewis
to open the Road over Lawrell Hill to incounter Sir John.
The Road must be at first made passable for the artillery & Waggons,
and finish’d afterwards.
The Bottoms mentioned by LT Rhor must be well considered, and the
Softest Places bridged if necessary. The Road is to be cut there very wide.
The Party who goes to the Westward could leave a Cap*^ and 50 good
men in ambuscade then if they can carry Provisions enough, and Stay as
long as they will last, to prevent the Ennemy of perceiving our design to
occupy that Post. They must be relieved in time by others, but in that
case, employ careful People vigilant and who know how to obey their
orders. There must be no fire made at that Place; but if they can not do
without They must Send half a mile in the Woods or further to dress
their Victuals, that the Smoak does not discover them, and make no
noise, nor even Speak; The Indians having So acute a hearing, would
Soon find them out.
We have nobody out except the two Parties of Major Armstrong and
the volunteers- of Aiaryland Any other they must attack without count-
ing and aim at a Prisoner if there is white People But for Indians let
them all be knoked on the head.
420
26 August 175S
I Send you fifty Heads of Cattle, make your Pen near your Intrench-
ments, and if you are obliged to have the Bulloks further make always
a Redout near the Pen. The Horses must all be in at night and their
Bells stoped under a Severe Punishment. The Partys advanced mtrst
have no Horses.
My Compliments to our friends w*’’ you
I am great truth
Your most obed‘ hble servant
Henry Bouquet
P. S. Place some Light Horse from Post to Post to carry Letters and let
me hear from you at least every two days.
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist, y Biog., Vol. XXXII, 440-442
^Grant’s Paradise, about 9 miles beyond Loyalhanna.
^This probably refers to the party under Capt. Evan Shelby. See Burd to Bouquet,
August 30.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 153, A. L. S.]
Reas Town Camp 26^' Aug: 10 o’Clock P. M. [1758]
Monsieur
J’esperois de n’avoir plus occasion de vous ecrire jusques a votre
arrivee, mais les Circomstances ont change, et je Suis oblige de vous de-
mander de nouveaux ordres.
Sur les assurances de bouche et par Ecrit^ que m’avoit donnes Sir
John que le Poste de Loyl Hannon etoit tres convenable pour en Depot;
j’obtins votre aprobation- de faire occuper ce Poste; et lors qu’il me dit
Samedy dernier que je pouvois faire marcher le Detachem- et I’artillerie
le 22^ que le Chemin Seroit coupe, Je les fis partis le 23? comme je vous
Pay mande dans ma derniere.®
Je regois dans ce moment 3 Lettres du Col. Burd, Major Grant, et
Rhor^ (que j’avois renvoye pour fixer I’emplacemt du Depot) qui [de]t
disent que ce Terrein etant absolument commande ne peut convenir au
double but de Servir pour le terns present, et de frontiere en cas de
desapointement.
Ayant examine Soigneusement tons les Environs, Rhor n’a pu trouver un
Endroit convenable qu’au dela de Chesnut Ridge a 9 miles de L. Han: Je
vous prie de me permettre de vous referer aux Extraits® de leurs Lettres
gy joints, par ou vous verres que depuis pres de 8 Jours, Le Chemin n’a
General Forbes
t Stricken out.
26 August 1758
421
point avance; Ces deux bevues du Q. M. G.*' changent totalement la
face des affaires, et il est impossible de rien executer sur des assurances
aussi trompeuses.
Que faire pour reparer ces fautes? Si les Troupes prennent Poste a
Loy! H. tout leur travail Sera Perdu, et de les avancer plus loin, seroit
une Imprudence avant que la Communication avec Eux Soit ouverte, et
que I’on puisse leur faire passer librement les vivres, Munitions, et Outils
necessaires et les Soutenir en cas de besoin;
Les [retenir] dans I’inaction Sur ces Montagues jusqu’a ce que je
puisse avoir vos ordres, Seroit perdre un terns precieux et detruire le peu
d’Herbes qui doivent soutenir les Chevaux dans le transport de nos
Magasins?
Apres avoir tourne cette desagreable Position de tons cotes, Je me de-
termine a faire marcher les 1500 homes a Loy- H avec ordre de S’y re-
trancher en arrivant: De faire alors deux Detachements de 300 homes
chacun: L’un pour travailler a ouvrir le Chemin a I’artillerie et aux
Chariots au travers de Lawrell Hill, et I’autre pour aller reconnoitre le
Poste indique par Rhor, qui quoi qu’un jeune homme a beaucoup de
Jugement, et je Scais par Experience qu’il voit bien les objets, accuse
juste, et je puis compter sur son Raport le Major Grant ira avec Itiy Sur
les Lieux, et j’auray le terns d’avoir votre Reponse;
L’affaire est Si delicate que je n’oserois donner mon avis si dans
I’Eloignem^ ou vous etes, vous pouvies juger aussi clairement qu’etant
sur les Lieux: Apres avoir pese bien des petites Circomstances,
j’hazarderay de vous dire que Si sur le Raport de Grant, ce Poste avance
est le Seul qui reponde a vos Vues, Le danger de ces 9 mdes de plus ne me
paroit pas bien considerable parce qu’avant de quitter loy' H - - ils y
recevront tout ce qu’il leur faut, et un Renfort des 500 homes qui coupent.
Les Troupes Se transporteront au nouveau Poste en 3 heures et ces 9
miles Seront coupes pour les Chariots en deux Jours qu’ils employeront
a Se retrancher.
La Saison ne nous permettant plus de Songer a former un autre depot
entre celuy la et le Port, II paroit que la distance de 40 Miles nous
conviendroit mieux.
Le Chemin n’etant pas ouvert plus loin, quelles que soient les forces de
I’Ennemy, Ils n’y peuvent conduire une Attaque en forme, et leurs
Retranchemens les garantissent d’un Coup de Main.
Quel que Soit le Party que vous me prescrivles de prendre, il me Semble
necessaire que j’aille les jomdre, mais je n’ay personne icy a qui je puisse
confler le Point important de notre subsistance, et du transport des Maga-
zins; Plaise au Clel que par votre Presence vous puissles ecarter routes
nos difficultes.
422
26 August 1758
Nous avons igy 600 Boeufs; et Ton me reporte que Ton a decouvert de
nouveau Paturages a quelques miles d’igy pour 10 fois ce Nombre.
Nous en receumes bier 300 de Virginie, petits, maigres, et tout ce qu’il
y a des plus mauvais; J'a^;' defendu a Hoops d’en tirer un Seul de plus de
cette Province et d’acheter ce qu'il faudra pour Saler, en Pensilvanie ou
il y en a en tout terns en abondance: Cette maudite avarice de ces genies
retrecis les fait courir au bon Marche, Sans S’embarasser des Conse-
quences. La Communication avec la Virg*? est daillieurs Si longue et Si
dangereuse qu'il y a eu environ 50 Boeufs perdus Sur la Route, ce qui ne
pourroit arriver de ce Cote gy;
Hoops promet de pourvoir en Pensilvanie tons les Boeufs necessaires,
et la farine; II ne reste qu'a trouver 300 Chariots pour former d’un Seul
Coup un nouveau Magazin pour 3 mois, et 90 pour le Sel necessaire quand
on pourra commencer a saler; II faudra former des Magazins de fourage;
mais nous avons du terns, et il y a de bons Paturages Sur la Route.
J'attens demam de Cumberland un gros Convoy de grains escorte par
des Troupes de Virg*" et les Indiens.
Le pauvre Cap"** Bullen, et le Cap"® French les deux Chefs des
Catawbas, ont ete tues et Scalpes en venant de Winchester a 3 miles de
Cumberland; Contre I’avis des Officiers de I’Escorte ils S’avanceront Seuls
et furent attaques par 10, ou 12 Indiens, une Squa echapa blessee et porta
la nouvelle au Fort; Ils ont inutilement pour suivi I’Ennemy, il n’ont pu
les Joindre.
Ce malheur est dans les Circomstances une tres grande Perte.
Tons nos Partis /excepte celuy d’Armstrong'^ et des Volontaires de
Maryland/ Sont revenus Sans Succes: Nos Indiens sont des Canailles
qui ne valent ni les Peines ni la depense qu’ils ont coutC
Le Raport gy Joint du Lieut Chew paroit fort detaille mais il n’a pas
vu d'asses pres; Il Seroit necessaire d'avoir quelques Lunettes d’aproche
pour donner a ces Partys. Je vous prie d'en faire venir de Philad?
Les Delawar Sont retournes a Shamokin k Wyomyn avec Promesse
d’amener quelques tins de leurs Guerriers Le vieux Indien n’est pas encore
de retour, je battens tons les Jours.
Si vous trouves prudent de prendre Poste au dela de Chesnut Ridge;
Wash pourroit nous y joindre, ou tres pres dela ce qui est Sujet a
quelques Inconveniens, mais Sauveroit bien du terns en menageant I’herbe
sur notre Route par cette double Communication.
J’ay I’honeur d’etre tres respectueusem*
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss^ Serviteur
FIenry Bouquet
26 August 1758
423
/The artillery went over Allegh:® without difficulty.
IVTCotter est arrete selon vos ordres/ et aux fers.
[TRANSLATION]
Raystown Camp, Aug. 26, 10 o’clock P. M.
Sir:
I hoped I would have no more occasion to write to you until your
arrival, but circumstances have changed, and I am obliged to ask you
for new orders.
On verbal and written assurances^ which Sir John had given me, that
the Post of Loyalhanna was very suitable for a depot, I obtained your
approval- to have this post occupied; and when he told me last Saturday
that I could have the detachment and the artillery march on the 22nd,
as the road would be cut, I had them start out on the 23rd, as I informed
you in my last.^
This moment I receive three letters from Colonel Burd, Major Grant,
Rhor^ (whom I had sent to select the site for the depot), saying that, as
this terrain is completely commanded, it cannot serve the double purpose
of use at the present time, and as a frontier post in case of disappointment.
After examining the whole vicinity carefully, Rhor could find a suitable
place only across Chestnut Ridge, nine miles from Loyalhanna. I beg you
to permit me to refer you to the enclosed extracts® from their letters, by
which you will see that for almost a week the road has not advanced at
all. These blunders of the Quartermaster Genera/' totally change the
shape of things, and it is impossible to execute anything on such mislead-
ing assurances.
What is to be done to retrieve these mistakes? If the troops take post
at Loyalhanna, all their work will be wasted, and it would be imprudent
to move them further away before the communication with them is open,
before provisions, munitions, and necessary tools can reach them easily,
and they can be supported in case of need.
To keep them inactive in these mountains until I can get your orders,
would be to lose precious time and destroy the scarce grass which is to
feed the horses carrying our stores?
After looking at this disagreeable situation from all angles, I have de-
cided to have the 1500 men march to Loyalhanna with orders to entrench
themselves there on arriving; then to make two detachments of 300 men
each, one to work on opening the road for the artillery and wagons
across Laurel Hill, and the other to go and reconnolter the post indicated
by Rbor who — although a young man — has a great deal of judgement,
and I know from experience that he sees things clearly, without prejudice.
424
26 August 1758
and I can depend on his report. Major Grant will go with him to the spot,
and I shall have time to receive your reply.
The matter is so delicate that I should not dare give my advice, if — at
a distance as you are — you could judge as clearly as you could on the
ground. After weighing well all the petty circumstances, I will venture to
tell you that, if by Grant’s report this advanced post is the only one which
suits your intentions, the danger from these nine miles further does not
seem very great to me because, before leaving Loyalhanna, they will re-
ceive all that they need and a reinforcement of 500 men who are cutting.
The troops will proceed to the new post in three hours, and these nine
miles will be cut for wagons m the two days which they will use in en-
trenching themselves.
As the time of year does not permit us to think of setting up another
depot between that one and the fort, it seems that the distance of 40
miles would be more suitable.
As the road is not opened farther, whatever the enemy’s strength is,
they cannot make a formal attack there, and their entrenchments protect
them from a surprise attack.
Whatever decision you advise me to make, it seems necessary to me that
I go and join them, but I have no one here to whom I might entrust the
important matter of our subsistence and of the transportation of stores.
Heaven grant that by your presence you may remove all our difficulties.
We have 600 cattle here, and I am told that new pasturage has been
discovered some miles from here, enough for ten times this number.
We received 300 yesterday from Virginia, small, lean and as poor as
they could be. I have forbidden Hoops to take a single one more from
that province, and to buy what he will need for salting in Pennsylvania
where there are some in abundance all the time. This cursed avarice of
these narrow minds makes them hunt for bargains, without a thought of
the consequences. The communication with Virginia, moreover, is so
long and so dangerous that there were about 50 cattle lost on the way,
which could not happen from this side.
Hoops promises to provide all the necessary cattle in Pennsylvania,
as well as the flour. There remains only to find 300 wagons in order to
establish at one stroke a new storehouse for three months; and 90 for the
salt which is necessary when they begin salting. Store of forage must be
formed, but we have time, and there are good pastures on the road. I
expect tomorrow from Cumberland a large convoy of grain, escorted by
Virginia trops and Indians.
Poor Captain Bullen and Captain French, the two chiefs of the
Catawbas, have been killed and scalped on the way from Winchester,
three miles from Cumberland. Against the advice of the officers of the
26 August 1758
425
escort they went ahead alone and were attacked by ten or twelve In-
dians. A squaw escaped, wounded, and brought the news to the fort.
They pursued the enemy uselessly; they could not overtake them.
This mishap, under the circumstances, is a very great loss.
All our parties (excepting that of Armstrong"^ and the volunteers of
Alaryland) have returned without success. Our Indians are rascals who
are worth neither the trouble nor the expense they have cost.
The enclosed report® from Lieutenant Chew seems very detailed, but
he saw nothing near enough. It would be necessary to have some field
glasses to give these parties. I beg you to have some sent from
Philadelphia.
The Delawares have returned to Shamokin and Wyoming with a
promise to bring some of their warriors. The old Indian has not yet
returned; I expect him any day.
If you think it wise to take post beyond Chestnut Ridge, Washington
could join us there or not very far beyond, which is subject to some
inconveniences, but would save much time while sparing the grass along
the way by this double communication.
I have the honor to be very respectfully,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
/The artillery went over Allegh:'* without difficulty.
M'^Cotter was arrested according to orders,^® and in irons.
^ See St. Clair to Bouquet, August 17.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, July 14. '
® Bouquet to Forbes, August 20, which see.
‘ See Burd to Bouquet, August 26. The other two letters not found.
^ Not found.
® Sir John St. Clair.
’Major George Armstrong was out toward Fort Duquesne with a reconnoitering party.
^ See Chew’s Report, p. 400.
® Allegheny Mountain.
See Halkett to Bouquet, August 18.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, f. 33, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 26f*‘ Aug^ 1758
Dear Sir
I had last night your favour of the 24“' 308 Beeves were brought here,
and as 320 had been Sent from Cumberland 12 must have been lost. They
426 26 August 1758
are extremely bad, and I hope we Shall have no more Such Cattle from
the Contractors.
I expect to day your Convoy w*’' the Indians I regret extremely the
loss of poor Bullen,^ which very truly is a great one at this juncture.
If there is any Team fit for Service in the Waggons that brought you
the flour, I beg you will keep them in the Service, and Send them here,
where we have employment for them.
The first division of the artillery is over the Allegheny, and had no Stop
or difficulty to go over the Gap: The Road will be cut to night to the
foot of L. Hill, and m three days Sir John- promises to be over to Toy. H.
The Second division will follow immediately and I expect w-^ impatience
the arrival of the General to move on mySelf. We must Shortly enter upon
action, and I know’ that we have time enough to carry our Point, if we
meet wdth no new difficultys.
The first Point to Settle is the disposition of your Troops, of which I
Shall inform^ you immediately. Please to keep constant Partys upon
your Road.
I am w^’' great truth
Aly Dear Sir
Your most obed*^ humble servant
Henry Bouquet
If M'' Hoops Should want any Escort,'* I beg you will furnish him one.
hT Fraser® went to Cumberland for tw'o daj^s and I have not Seen him
Since.
In Case you Sent any Waggons this Way, he could take the opportu-
nity of removing his family which he told me was his Intention.
My Compliments to Col. Byrd, am very Sorry of his Indisposition:
H. B.
Any Troops not belonging to your two Reg*® who could come to you.
Please to order them all here.
[Endorsed] From Colonel Bouquet 26 Aug- 1758
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 57-58.
^ See Washington to Bouquet, .A.ugust 24.
^ Sir John St. Clair.
‘‘See Bouquet to Washington, August 30.
^ Not identified, but furnished. Washington to Bouquet, August 28, which see.
® Probably John Fraser, Indian trader.
26 August 1758
427
Dear sir,
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 185, A. L. S.]
Camp at Fort Dewart 26-'* August 1758 7 A: M
I arrived here yesterday at Noon with the Troops & last night only The
Train^ and fourty of our Wagons were able to gett up the Hill, this Alorn-
ing the Royall Americans, Highlanders, &: part of my Battallion- are
March’d from hence with the train & fourty Wagons, the other part of
my Battallion waits to Escort the Remainder of the Wagons which are
not as yett gott up the Hill; we hope tonight to Encamp the whole three
miles On the other side of Edmonds Swamp
Last night Mr Rohr Arrived here who informed me that he had dis-
covered a very Advantageous Post Nine Miles on the other side of
Lawel Haining'^ infinitely preferable to that at Lawel Haining in all re-
spects, Major Grant &: self thinks it best to Carry Mr Rohr back with
us, & by this Express he will make you a very particular Report^ of his
proceedings
By Mr Rohr’s discription of the Post beyond Lawel Haining to Major
Grant & me we think It Very Advisable that we should see both places,
& should be glad if it was aggreable to you to have our Choice of the two,
to Erect the works you have ordered, but in this shall be intirely detected
by your Return to this
When Mr. Rohr left Queemahony the road was cut only 14 of a mile
beyond that place, but hope they will be well Advance'd before we gett
up. Upon my Arrivall here I applyed to Coll: Armstrong for his Batt
horses, letting him know it was by your detection, he told me he had but
Nine but these I should have, this morning I sent for the horses & he
sent me word he could not spare them
Mr. Shew’s® Indisposition prevents his going to Reconolter the Gape of
the Lawrel Hill upon which I thought of sending Mr. Bassett but he
inform’d me that he was detected to go to S'' John Clair to Receive
his orders. However I send this Morning the Lieu^® Hays,'" & AT’Kee,’^
with a party of Twenty men & 4 days Provisions I give Mr Hays a Com-
pass, has show’d him the Gape, have ordered him to be very particular
in his remarks & to meet me at Lawel Haining from whence you may de-
pend to hear from me.
Think it would be very well to send some more Cattle forward with
your Conveniency as I am affraid from what I can learn we shall not gett
Many to Carry with us, there is non here S: Coll: Armstrong is out of
Provisions
428
26 August 1758
I am with great Esteem
Dear sir
Your sincere freind & most obed^ serv^
James Burp
My Compliments to y? Govern^
Coll: Bouquet
^ First Division of the artillery train. See Bouquet to Washington, August 26.
“Second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
® Loyalhanna.
‘ Not found.
® Lieut. Colby Chew.
* Lieut. James Hay, commissioned, Dec. 12, 1757, in the second battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Probably Lieut. Alexander McKee, commissioned, Dec. 17, 1757, in the second
battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 151, A. L. S.]*
Shippensburgh 26*‘' August 1758
Dear Sir
Tho the General goes out to take y*^ air daily, he still recovers but
slowl}'^, be has orderd me to inform you of the Scouting parties of the
Enemy being down in these parts of the Country, and have allarm’d the
Inhabitants ver}^ much, they have kill’d one Man, and taken a Woman,
& one of the light horse men prisoners; 120 of the Highlanders were
order’d back from Fort Loudoun upon the occasion, who with the Men
here have been constantly out in different parties, to indeavour to fall in
with them, but hitherto without suckcess, except one of the parties which
was fir’d upon by the Enemy, but receiv’d no damage, our people imme-
diate return’d the Fire, and pusued, they tracd the Indians for a Mile
by the blood, but unfortunately got non of them. Major CampbelE is now
on the North Mountains," lying upon the different passes, in expectation
of intersepting them, whilst we continue to scour about the Plantations,
and the Country lying between them, and the foot of the Mountains, in
hopes of driving them upon Major Campbells people if they are still
amongst the Inhabitants, these are the proper steps to be taken with y®
number of people here that the General could think of, the Inhabitants
are very incapable of giveing advise how to Act upon the offencive, as
their views are only turn’d how to defend themselves, [but fromjt the
information of what the other Scouting parties of the Enemy used to do,
the General immagins, that they will take cross the north Mountains by
t Stricken out.
26 August 1758
429
the Heads of the West branches of the Sasquhana,^ that after the}' get
upon the backs of the Mountains, they think themselves much out of
danger, assemble to gether, and less upon their Guard, by which meens
they may be much easier discover’d; he therefore desires that you will
give directions to the party going to where the Kiskemanitas^ crosses the
Laurell hills, to keep a good look out, & endeavour to fall in with the
Enemy as they Return, keeping proper parties constantly patrolling cross
that part of the Country towards Venango, as it is very probable, the
Enemy will strike in upon the Ohio [about]t below that place, these
Patroles should have a constant correspondence with one another, in
order to be able to give information how the Enemy may be cut off
in case the are discoverd, these are a the properes things he could sug-
gest for the intercepting of the Scalping parties that now infest us, but
it is in it selfe so confin’d a thing, and to so little purpose, that he thinks
the only method will be to turn the Tables upon them, and send Strong
parties to visit them in their Towns, and places of habitation, which will
not only tend to the distroying more of them, but the likelies method of
makeing them quit the French at Fort Duquesne. I am Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Francis Halkett
P S. I believe I may almost venture to congratulate you upon the taking
of Luisburgh, & Rogers’s haveing gaind an advantage over the Enemy,
when the former is once confirm’d, the General thinks a Feu de Joy will
have a good effect upon the Troops, & that you ought to have one. I can-
not send you the News papers, but I inclose you a private letter’’ which
I Receivd this day by the express.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Halkett 26'*‘ Aug* by the
Gen’® Orders
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 186-187.
t Stricken out.
* Major Alexander Campbell, commissioned, Januan,’, 1757, in the 77th Regiment.
Also known as the Kittatinn3' or Blue Mountains.
® Susquehanna.
* Kiskiminetas River, formed by the junction of the Conemaugh River and Loyalhanna
Creek, flows into the Alleghen}" River at Freeport.
° Not found.
JAMES GRANT TO BOUQUET
[c. August 26, 1758]
Letter missing, but mentioned in Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, August 26. Apparently,
from Bouquet’s comments to Forbes, the letter contained a somewhat disparaging report
on the site of Loyalhanna as a frontier post.
430
26 August 1758
RHOR TO BOUQUET
[c. August 26, 1758]
Letter missing, but mentioned in Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, August 26. From Bou-
quet’s comments to Forbes, Rhor’s letter contained a report on the Loyalhanna site, and
also on more suitable place beyond Chestnut Ridge, for a deposite and frontier post.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 187, A. L. S.]
Camp near Quemahony August 26-*‘ 1758
D'' sir,
This I send to my Friend, the Other to my Commanding Officer. I
must beg leave to trouble you with a short review of what passed some
days before this affair.
Aug- 16**“ As the Q'' M'' Gen** had never asked what I had been about or
come near my Camp, I sent him a Report of our progress on the Road,
by a Serj-“ who went w* 16 men for Liquor for the Workers who returnd
without It, tho’ we had been now Eight days at Work;
17. Cap-® Fields, M^'Clughans, & Boyles^ w* 2 Companies & a Detachment of
40 men; continued at the first spring to the westward of the Allegany
employd in Open’® eastward. Visited all the Posts & different Parties on
the Road, and Cleard two miles towards Quemahony from our Camp at
Edmund swamp. Being advisd that Col Bouquet had sent up Liquor for
the Workmen sent a serj* & party with Canteens to bring some for them,
who Carryed on the work w* chearfulness & dispatch.
18 Recid Orders in a very Odd manner from the Q'’ M'' Gn* about erecting
Shades for Provisions at Edmunds swamp. Visited the different Parties at
Work, encampd Cap* Blay* about 2 miles to the Westward, reconnoitred
w* M’’ Rhor. The Road being Opend very near the Top of the Mountain,
orderd up Cap* Boyles w* his Detach* & 20 men of Cap* M'^Clughans
Company. Leaving Orders w* Cap*® Fields & M'^Clughan to join me
next day, after finishing their Share of the Road, unless they rec’d Order
from S’" John to the Contrary
19 Not joind by Field & M‘“Clughan marchd & Encamp’d at Lawrel Run.
Was Obligd to Leave an Officer & 30 men at Edmund swamp to take
Care of the sick of them two Companies
August 20**“
The Road about Lawrel Run difficult & Stony, employd every man at
work in four different divissions. In the evening movd to Stony Creek
Leaving Cap* StewarU to finish the Road about Lawrel Run: uneasy
26 August 1758 431
at the Stay of Fields & jVF'Clughan, lost the Use of thirty men guarding
their sick
Joind by Cap^ Stewart. The Road Opend this evening all the way to
Quemahony e.xcept about an hours Work. Waited on the Q'' M'" Gen? at
Edmunds Swamp & informed him of it. Ask’d if the Shades erected
for provisions pleasd him, told him there was no Occasion to unload
the waggons there, as the Roads to the Advancd post was passable. He
gave important Looks and Evasive answers leting me know that his
intention was to order back my Detach‘d from Stony Creek to erect a
Breast Work at Edmunds Swamp I remonstrated ag* it. He having the
first Battalion of Penns he then encampd at the place. He told me he
had given orders to Fields Desird me to order Cap* Hardin® with his
Detachm* down to Raystown, but in such a Confusd Manner & Verbally,
that I could not take upon me to do it. He orderd me not to move on
untill he came up with us
The Road being opend all the way to the Advanced Post, would have
mated to that place, but for Orders from the Q'' M*' G.
Continued at Stony Creek waiting for Orders. Some Waggons arriv’d
there, & declard the Road very passable
Marchd to the advancd Post joind on the Road by S'' John S* Clair,
& by M'^Clughan & Fields Companys in the Evening, five days Work of
these two Companies entirely lost.
As I had promisd to Open the Communication to Quemahony with all
possible dispatch, and none of their assistance from Ed. swamp to Que-
mahony; nor Saw them employd to any purpose elsewhere; it chagrind
me much.
The Q' M"" Gn!’® Empty By God®! that the Road was impassable which
I had pretended to Open, after Waggons had pass’d it, because he had
no hand in Making it.
His not supplying my Detach* with Rum
His imperious & insulting manner of communicating his Intention
making no difference; giving the Same orders to ensign'^ under my Com-
mand as to my Self. His assuming the Authority of Ordering troops or
Work in an arbitrary manner w* out regard to Detail.
Upon receiving a genteel Letter® from me Informing him of the officers
Sentiments of that Affair — He bellow’d out Mutiny; & appearing to be
in the greatest dilemma! roard out what shall I do; shall I fire upon
them!
These things had near wore out my Patience, when towards night
on the 24*'' The following Circumstances Occurrd. My Camp is on a
Rising ground to the Westward of the Creek. I was at the foot of it.
432
26 August 1758
when the Q'' M"' G' pass’d; I told him I had been seeing them Sharpen
Some Axes; & walking with him a little way, inqurd about the men
wanted for Work next day, & gave my Opinion what was for the good
of the service.
He pass'’ sullenly on without Vouchafing to Answer, or say one Word
about the matter
Shortly After I sent Over the Serj’ Maj''’’ Who had Acted as Adjutant
for the Detach’® all the time, desiring him to give my Compliments to S''
John, asking the Num’ of men for next day: He sent him back without
orders & with a Message I cant well recollect.
Upon this I called the Officers together, & informing them of the
Affair, I asked their Advice, it was now late, 6c the drum’ last beat for
Tattoe.’’’ Upon which they were of Opinion, that I should give out the
parole 6c necessary Orders for the Guards, k that t’ne Service might not
suffer by the peculiar Behavior of the Q’ M’ G’ They would have all
their men ready for Work by the beating of the Reveille. This was done;
6c Tattoe beat. When Some time after, in the Dusk of the Evening We
hears the Drum; More of the officers being together We Stood and
discovrd the Q’ M’ Gen’ who had come over the Creek, up the hill to
our Camp 6c without Saying a Word to any Officer at that time of Night
orderd The Serj’ Call to be beat, when I walkd up to him in a respectful
manner with my hat off, and Whisperd softly to him that as I had sent
over the Serj’ for Orders, and likewise spoke to him myself I thought
that he had a mind to leave us to Order our Selves; and Accordingly I
had given out the Parole. Upon Which he flew in a passion, 6c orderd
me in an imperious manner To Alter it! Alter it! I told him that He had
Usd me extreamly ill in Not sending his Orders by the Sej- in a proper
manner 6c Seasonable hour, nor mentind any thing of them to me when
I arrived on the Road by the Creek, and as I looked upon him as Q’ M’
G®’ then I imagin’d I should not be Obligd to Alter the Parole. As to
the Num*'’ of Alen he wanted, or where they were to be employ'’ 6c‘', If
he would inform us of it. They should be ready at any hour; but as to
any Other orders I would not receive them from him; untill I was better
informd, 6c that the Gentlemen under my Command thought themselves
so ill Used, that they complained to me of the Affair, 6c that I could not
bear his insults nor would I allow them under my Command to be emposed
upon. He asked me if I Bullied him in my Own Camp; I told him I was
the same at any place, k upon roaring out some thing about his Orders
he Orderd me in Arrest.
This is the true state of the Case, and transacted in the dusk of the
Evening, in the hearing of many Officers. I am sorry to trouble you with
such a long history, but it may be Useful to your self.
27 August 1758
433
I had no Orders & Saw no Order about Obeying him other than as
M"" Gn^ about the Roads; Please to have the AflFair settld as soon as
possible & Oblig him Who is with respect,
Sir,
your most Ob* S*
Adam Stephen
^ Sir John St, Clair.
^ Not identified.
® Capt. Boyle, not identified.
^ Not identified.
^ Capt. Robert Stewart.
^ Capt. Ralph H.arding.
* Not identified.
® Not found.
® Not identified.
“Tattoo, a call sounded shortly before “Taps’ — giving notice to soldiers to repair to
quarters.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Raystown Camp, Aug. 27, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged in Armstrong’s letter of August 28, 1758. Evidently
Bouquet registered some complaint about company returns which had not been received,
and also issued orders to give Sir John St. Clair more men for road cutting.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. S3, A. Df.]
Reas Town Camp 27-** Aug. 1758
Sketch to Sir John
Dear Sir
I am extremely disapointed in my Expectation of the Road being
open before this time to the foot of Lawrell Hill: upon your Letter I
Sent the artillery and even one day later, and I apprehend that they
will be Stopped on their Way to Loyl H. which will be the destruction
of that Communication, in eating the little grass you may have.
I never intended that you Should loose all the Batt of Armstrong^ in
your Redouts. 25 men in Each are Sufficient for this time and I order
them all to you to push that Road with all possible dispatch.
I beg you will make no more Redouts, if they are necessarys they can
be made afterwards the Chief thing we want is the Communication open
for Waggons to Loyal Hannon. Employ all your Strength there, and Col.
Burd has order to cut backwards to you from L. Han: which answers
434 27 August 1758
better my present Purpose than to leave any of his detachment on this
Side of the Mountain.-
Please to dispose of Some of the Light Horses at proper Stages to
carry the Letters from Post to Post, and keep these two yours, 1
shall have two at the Shawanese Cabbins, and two more at Fort Dewart;
They must have oats and the first Horses or Waggons I can get will
carry you Some.
Cap^ Dudgeon and IVP Basset wdl over See Some Part of the Road,
and every Body is to Stir and make amend for their unaccountable
Slowness.
{no signature]
[Addressed] To Sir John
^ Col. John Armstrong’s first battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Laurel Hill.
ST. CLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 54, A. L. S.]
Kikoney Paulins Sunday Aug- 27-'^ 1758.
Dear Sir
I received your Letter last night of the 24‘**^ and shall observe the
directions contain’d in it. The Road is cut half way between this and
the foot of the Ridge,^ the Troops are just now moving their Camp
forwards /except the 200 Regulars that remain to Guard this Post. The
Artillery was last night at Edmunds Swamp, I am very impatient untlll
Maj!" Grant and Cob Burd comes up, my Situation is not the most eligible.
L- Col- Stephen’s behaviour is the most extraordinary, I ever saw or
bear’d of, I have confined^ him for Mutiny in the Camp, so that the
Virginians are now under Major Lewis, ^ if it had not been for that Officer
I had Reason to suspect that there wou’d have been a gen? mutiny
amongst both Officers and Men of the Virginians. I attempted to send
him to Rays Town, but he refused after he was arrested to come down
with his Major, that I might have forwarded him to you with an Officer.
As I had not sufficient Strength to take him by the neck from amongst
his own Men, I was obliged to let him have his own way, that I might
not be the Occasion of Blood Shed. The Reason I confined that LI Cob
was that he told me had given out his Parole and that rather than receive
any Orders from me he woud brake his Sword in pieces. Hitherto this
procedure has not retarded the Service much.
I have no Pack Horses here. I have sent 4 of the Virginia Horses to
Rays Town for Shoes for their Horses, w'' please give them with Some Oats.
28 August 1758
435
When the Artillerj" comes up I shall do my best in conjunction with Coh
Burd to get them over the Ridge. I am
Dear Sir
Your most humble Servant
John S*^ Clair
To Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Sir John S* Clair Aug: 1758
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet Commanding
at Rays Town Camp
^ Not found.
‘ Laurel Hill.
^ See Stephen to Bouquet, August 26.
* Major Andrew Lewis.
BOUQUET TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., -Add. MSS. 21639, f. S6, A. C.]
Copjr of my Letter to Sir John S^ Clair 28^’^ Aug: [1758]
S^
I received last night your favour of the 27-*'^ The Contents of which
gives me much uneasiness.
You Say that you confined L* Col. Stephens for mutiny in the Camp.
That Charge is very heavy, and in another Part of your Letter you
mention that the Reason of his Confinem- was that he had given out
the Parole, and rather than receive any orders from you; he would break
his Sword in Pieces, a very improper Expression.
I am afraid. My dear Sir, that there has been Some heat in this affair,
and that you will have a good deal to do to justify the necessit}^ of Such
a violent measure against an officer of his Ranch, Commanding a Corps.
I am not So thoroughly informed of all the Rules of the English army,
as to take upon me to determine the Extent of your Power as a Q. M. G.
But I know that in all other Services, They have no right to command
as such: You do not act in this Expedition as Colonel, but as Q. M. G-
only, and the Parole being the Ensign- of Comand, I doubt that you can
pretend to give it and if be usage you have exerted that right it was
lefft to you by the Command? officers as a Complim and not an obligation.
This is my Notion of the thing, which I tell you as a friend, and If
I am not mistaken in it I would advise you to make up matters.
I Send you Copy® of the Short Letter I have received from Col.
Stephens, but I shall make no Raport to the General, untill I hear what
3mu will have me to do, in that respect.
436
28 August 1758
His Intentions and repeated orders to me are to establish and preserve
a good harmony the Provincial Troops, and you may be Sure that
he will find this measure & you both precipitate and unseasonable.
If you think proper to have him informed of it I think you Should
State the Case to him y"" Self.
news
I refer mySelf to my Letter^ of yesterday concerning the Road, which
is to be pushed w^*‘ the utmost activity: The two Parallel Path may be
postponed, untill the main Road is opened.
Salt And Oats have been sent up.
I am
Sir
[no signature]
St. Clair to Bouquet, August 27, which see.
■ Symbol.
“ Stephen to Bouquet, August 26, which see.
* Bouquet to St. Clair, August 27, which see.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 192, A. L. S.l
Camp at Quemahony 28*^ August 1758 8 A: M
Dear sir,
I arrived here last night with the Artillery^ And I am sorry to see
matters here in such state as Cannot Conduce to the good of the service.
S'" John S*^ Clair & Coll: Stephens has no doubt inform’d you of their
Affairs & disputes, somthing of the same Nature had like to have happen’d
to me, but I have Carefully avoided every thing that should have the
least tendency to Retard the service, S'" John & I form Different Camps
& I Command in my own to prevent disputes.
I have Rece'? no pack horses of the 1®*^ Batt: & there is only Seven live
Bullocks here & S"' John informs me that it is Impracticable to Carry
Provisions (unless flour) over the Alountain, and likewise unless I give
him a large party it will be Impossible for him to open the road in any
tollerable time, the road being cut [only]t only three miles beyond this
place; upon S'' John’s remonstrances I have Consulted with Major Grant
& have Concluded thus to march from hence my self to Lawel Haining
with 4 Companys of the Royal Americans & 5 C"’® of the Highlanders
[4 of the Virginia Reg3 & 16 from your Batt.jt & to leave the Remainder
t Stricken out.
28 August 1758
437
with John to Cutt over the Mountain which he says with this Body,
he will Effect in three or four days at most hut I shall endeavour to
Carry with me by some means or other Six days Provisions for the party
I advance with & tools
I Halt here to day with the Artilery And the party I intend to Advance
with, all the rest of the Troops are marchH forward this Morning to open
the Road
John has ordered the troops forward to this place from Coll: Arm-
strongs, Coll: Hamilton’s & Major Jamison- leaving Sixty men at each
of these posts, which will make One Hundred men here & one hundred
more I shall leave to Cover the Artilery untill they can be Transported
to Lawel Haining
Capt" Parris'^ is just arrived here who informs me that he had been
in sight of Fort Du Quesne but found it Impracticable to take a Prisoner
& that Major Armstrong is upon his return, neither of these partys has
brought any further Intelligence than that they saw the Fort & the Sixty
Tents, the troops they Judge to be but a small Number, they say they
heard a great deal of Noise over the River Ohio which seem’d to be falling
of Trees, perhaps the Body of the French may be on that side of The
River Fortifying there
We are very much in want of Bullocks if some could be sent forward
soon it would be well
I shall do all m my Power to forward the service but find Difficultys
in my way that Could not possibly Occurr to you However I shall go on
with all possible Dispatch & if my proceedings gives you Satisfaction I
shall be very happy being with great Regard
Dear sir
Your affectionate freind & most obed‘ Serv^
James Burd
Coll: Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Burd 28*'' Aug
[Addressed] On His Majesties Service To Coll: Bouquet at Raystown
' Second Division of the Pennsylvania Royal Artillery.
See Armstrong to Bouquet, August 28.
Capt. Richard Pearis was scouting with party of Indians, toward Fort Duquesne.
438
28 August 1758
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 190, A. L S.]
Camp at Quemahony 28-*' August [ 1758] 9 A:M
Dear sir
Just as I had seal’d a letter^ to you this Morning I had the pleasure
to Receive yours of the 26**' Currh" & in Answer I shall punctually
Comply w3 your orders, I shall march from hence with the Artilery to-
morrow morning Airly & hope to gett to the Foot of the Hill where I shall
leave them with a party & proceed with my Detauchm* to Lawel Haining
& there put the other part of your orders in Execution, I shall go my self
with Major Grant to see the Place that Mt Rohr reports & will leav the
Capt"^ and 50 men as you direct & give them the Necessary Orders
I am very glad that you have ordered the detauchments from St John
to join him again
St John informs me that Lieu‘ Coll: Stephens is under arrest by him,
but I will leave Eieut Coll: Lloyd in tbe Camp at Lawel Haining & send
Major Lewis upon the Road; in short nothing shall be undone that can
possibly be done aggreable to your Direction.
The 50 Bullocks you mention will be a very aggreable sight to us &
you may depend I will take care of them; when this party of two light
horse leaves me with these letters I shall have Eleven left St John says
the Virginia troop here are not fitt for service for want of horse shoes
but I shall leave some of the Pensylv't horse at each post as you direct.
I have no Iron otherwise I could have these horses shoo’d derectly
I am very respectfully
Dear sir
Your sincere freind k most Obed- Serv-
James Burd
I am sorry I detain’d Mt Rohr he shall be sent to you as soon as I have
seen the Post beyond Loyal Henen
You mentioned I should have my Major if It is aggreable should be
glad to have him, but this as you please
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handveriting] Col. Burd 283*“ Aug.
[Addressed] On his Majesties Service To Coll: Bouquet at Raystown
^Burd to Bouquet, August 28, which see.
° Bouquet to Burd, August 26, which see.
°Not identified. See Bouquet to Burd, August 26.
439
28 August 1758
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[Raystown, c. Aug. 28, 1758]
Letter not found but mentioned in short letter to Forbes, September 4, on subject of
Stephen’s arrest. It was probably written about the same time of Bouquet’s letter to
Sir John St. Clair, in an attempt to adjust their differences.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 15S, L S.]*
Shippensbourg 281*^ August 1758
My Dear S*""
One must be sick to be tborougbly sensible of tbe affinity there is
betwixt tbe mind and tbe body, whenever your Directions and orders
goes smooth & easy I am all Tranquility and full of spirits, [when]t but
the reverse happening disturbs my whole frame.
I am very sensible of the loss of Cap^ Bullen & Capl^ French at this
period of time, Altho’ it is long ago since I held the Indians in the utmost
Contempt except in small partys to commit murder by surprize.
We have been in chace of those scoundrells here for these 8 days and
nights by past, without being able to get in with any of them, altho’
two of them had the impudence to fire at the Head man of one of our
partys. Altho’ imediately pursued they escap’d from us, unhurt, and
unseen, all our partys return into Camp tomorrow, and I will then set
out for your parts if able to be carryed in any Shape.
The slow advance of the new road and the cause of it touch me to
the quick, it was a thing I early foresaw and guarded again such an
assistant^ with all the force and Energy of words that I was Master off,
but being over ruled was resolved to make the most I could of a wrong
head, but now from the ruin of our Waggon Elorses, occasioned (as it
is said) from our want of forage every where, and those dilatory measures
in carrying on the service projected and proposed by himself, makes me
suspect the heart as well as the head.
M*" Rhor’s obervations upon our second deposite appear to me, to be
founded on good sense and good reasoning, the difference of 9 miles being
nothing, altho I should be extreamly sorry the 300 men had any chance
of being attacked there before they could throw up a proper fence or
be properly sustained for which reason if that party could be strengthened
for the first two or three days they might soon secure themselves and
To Cob Bouquet:
+ Stricken out.
440 28 August 1758
spare their Supernumarys" as workmen upon the roads back towards
Loyal Hannon.
Your proposal of going forward yourself is what would be very satis-
factory but at present as we are circumstanced I am afraid you must
desist from the thoughts of it and turn the Burden of the whole upon
Major Grant whose parts'^ as a Military man are inferiour to few and
he has the advantage that I expect he can manadge S’"' John and remember
that one must save appearances with Col" Byrd'^ who Commands Grant
from his Provincial! Rank.
The PosC Major Grant speaks off I think may be delayed untill we
secure our head and then hy working backwards and forwards at the
same time the whole will be in pretty great safety and those posts or
resting places can he made as we see occasion.
I have been labouring a point with Govern'' Sharp ever since you wrote
me about our Numbers, and have now at last carried it by his consenting
to Garrison Fort Cumberland with 250 of his Militia and himself along
with them, But this for the space of one whole month only, as he can
no longer promise for their Stay, all I am to give them is provision and
a Gill of Rum each p Day, and he is ready to set out for the Fort Sunday
next, but as this appears to me too early I think of delaying him till
the 10“' of September, you see this gives us all the Virginians who are
able to march, and who I think might advance as far forward upon
Braddocks Road as to that part of it which is most contiguous to our
second deposite, which I think might be about Saltlick Creek, ** where I
here there is a spot of Ground by nature of very difficult access, and
from whence a communication might be very easily opened to our second
deposite, as I suppose it won’t be above 15 or 16 miles if so much.
You will think of this, and let me know wether you would chuse their
marching this way or their joining us at Raestown and their going along
with us, where their converlasing people &c® must be left along our new
road by way of escortes and I could [wishjt have wished that you had
draffted the rest of the Pennsylvania Companies to have sent proper
partys from them to Fort Loudoun, Littleton and the passage of the
Juniata as Escortes by which we could have brought up 35 of Cap-
Sharp’s'^ Comp’' from Loudoun who are by far the best woodsmen of
the whole and all acquainted with the back Country towards the
Alleganey.
Govern'’ Sharp has just asked a favour of me that I could not well
refuse which was to allow him to make Cap*^ Dagworthy a Lieu*^ Colonel
of the Maryland troops, and he is accordingly appointed by a Commis-
sion® I sent him this night. As he Commands some of the briskest people
I have seen, let him with the people that will join you under Cap*^ Sharp
t Stricken out.
28 August 1758
441
be directly employed with a proper mixture of others in taking care of
our head or pushing forward even [alla]t Alla barb^ of the Enemy,
which will at least restrain them from prying into w'hat we are [about],
but all those [crafties]t partys must proceed with the greatest precau-
tions, as a small check from the Enemy may be of bad consequence to
the whole of us whereas a lucky hit to any of our partys would make
us all invincible.
I have heard no more news of Louisbourg but [h]t as it is most cer-
tainly taken, I would make a feu de joy^° to put the whole Army in Spirits,
which will answer the Enemy's bring at Fort Du Quesne for the repulse
of Gen- Abercromby at Ticonderoga I hope we shall hear of the Louis-
bourg people soon and if they don’t go up the river Laurence, that
they’ll be so kind as send me my own Reg-^^ and another. I received my
Cousin Glens letter,^- and am Glad he is so jocular, he owns he has leggs
left, mine left me 3 weeks ago. I shall send or bring him some port and
claret im.mediatly.
You must write Major Grant a Coxing letter;’^® you and I must keep
people right if possible. Adieu My D'" S''
Y'' most &c Jo: Forbes
The using of Braddocks road I have always had in my head, was it only
a blind pray lose no time as that does not oblidge us to march, before
wee see proper.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] 28*’' Aug.
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 188-191.
t Stricken out.
'This undoubtedly refers to Sir John St. Clair, quarter master general.
term used to denote those employed for use in case of need, but not for regular
service.
® Capabilities.
'Col. James Burd. See Burd to Bouquet, .August 28.
“About 9 miles beyond Loyalhanna, called Grant’s Paradise.
® Salt Lick, present Jacob’s Creek, an eastern branch of the Youghiogheny River, in
Fayette County.
'Capt. James Sharp.
® Not found.
*“in the beard.” This e.xpression also appears in Grant’s letter to Forbes, September
4, which see.
“Feu de joie, a firing of guns in token of joy.
"The 17th Regiment.
“ Not found.
“Probably the missing letter of .\ugust 29, mentioned in Burd's to Bouquet, August
30, which see.
442
28 August 1758
Sir
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21643, f. 189, A. L S.]
Dewart 281'* August 1758.
Yesterday Evening I rec*? your favours of the 251** & 271**^ Insl in Con-
sequence of which, Orders are given that Ll Coll. Hamilton^ & Major
Jaminson® (the former being at Edmunds Swamp, the later three Miles
farthere at a New Redout) do Immediately March & join Sir John for
the Cutting of the Roads with every Effective Man they have — and have
now March’d two Companys from this place to Cover the Stores [I find
islt at Edmunds Swamp untill to Morrow, when with the Residue of the
Detachment I design to Crawl up as well as I can to the Swamp, [(]!
suppose another House of Bondage) I’m Sorry that so many of our Posts
happen to be upon Low Ground where the Air is Confin’d.
I’m extreamly Oblidg’d to you for your friendly Concern for the re-
covery of my Health, & the liberty you propose to me of going back to
Reas Town but rather chuse to wait a few Events Viz. to see what may
become of the detachml to the Ohio & whether the Batt** may be got
together again, as many inconveniencies arises from a divided State. I
have been in a low & distress’d condition with a flux Since I left Reas’
Town, am yet very weak the disorder not remov’d, but in some Measure
Abated.
the Story of Our Draughts & Sick left under the Command of Capl Ll
Allen,^ is a very Melancholy One, and what has Surpriz’d as well as
griev’d me much, a return® of the Draughts was made agreeable to your
Orders to y^ Self, likewise to the Brigade Major,® expressing the number
of the Sick, those Absent, and those fit for Duty. M^ Allen had [a] very
particular list. Shewing him where every Man was, with repeated in-
structions from my Self & Other Officers concernning the Management of
[th]ose Draughts — a List of the Sick from the Doctor’*^ & where they lay,
what [m]ore cou’d have been done I cannot tell — I’m afraid there has
been much [sujspect and have heard Some what like it. I leave it to
you to judge whether [it] wou’d not be better for the Servise, to Arrest
an Officer so behaving at Once, [thjan have reflexions cast upon the
Whole, for a thing, which he only had in his power to prevent.
I am Sir with great respect,
your Most Obi Humbl Serv*
Jo*? Armstrong
[Co]ll. Bouquet
t Stricken out.
28 August 1758
443
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Armstrong 29^^ Aug
^Neither letter found.
■ Lieut. Col. Hance Hamilton.
“Major David Jameson. His redoubt was 3 miles west of Edmund’s Swamp, on Oven
Run.
‘ Capt. Lieut. Samuel Allen, commissioned, January 9, 1758, in the first battalion of
the Pennsylvania Regiment.
“ Not found.
“Major Joseph Shippen.
’ Not identified.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 52, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 285** Aug*^ 1758.
Dear Sir
Your favour^ by AT Hoops has in some measure revivd a hope that
was almost extinguishd — of doing something this Campaign. We must
doubtless expect to encounter many difficulties in opening a new Road
thro, bad Ground in a Woody Country of which the Enemy are possest
but since you hope our point may be carried I woud feign expect the
Surmounting these obstacles — ’tis a melancholy reflection tho. to find
there is even a doubt of Success when so much is depending — & when in
all Human probability we might have been in full possession of the Ohio
by Now, if rather than running ourselves into the difficulties and Expence
of cutting an entire new Road the distance we have first & last Brad-
dock's had been adopted.
Every one knows what coud have been done the old Road — few can
guess what will be the new, their being not only the difficulties of y®
Road to encounter, but the chance of a French Re-inforcement also but
it is useless to add on this head — I shoud rather Apologize for what I
have said.
All the Waggon’s at this place fit for Service, comes to you under the
Escort orderd*^ for M*' Hoops.
Any Troops not of Virginia, shall be forwarded to you according to
Order^ — and I coud wish most sincerely that our Rout was fixd that we
might be in Alotion, for we are all of us most heartily tird, & Sick of
Inactivity. Col“ Byrd in particular is really 111.
Frazer'* having left this with the Convoy must be with you e’er now.
I am very glad to hear that your Artillery pass the Alligany with so
much ease
A Letter** which Col° Byrd Rece* from the Gen^ of the 195** Inst5 gives
room to imagine that the destination of the Virginia Troops will be fixd
444
29 August 1758
upon so soon as he arrives at Rays Town, as he then expresses a desire of
seeing Col° Byrd and I there immediately
AT Walker® was a long time as he mformd me, under doubtful Orders
in regard to his purchase of Cattle; so that he was ohligd at last to pick
up what he coiid get at a short warning; which is I believe, the real
Reason of the Cattle not being so good as they otherwise might be.
I am Sir Y’’ A'lost Obed* Serv^
G® Washington
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] 28**^ Aug: Answered this Letter
from Col. Washington the Aug.’^
* Df. printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 275-276.
’ Bouquet to Washington, August 26, which see.
*' Ibid.
Mbid.
* Probably John Frazer, Indian trader.
® Not found.
“ Dr. Thomas Walker.
’ Bouquet to Washington, August 30, which see.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 193, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 29**^ Aug: 1758.
Dear Sir
I hope to hear Soon from you and your Safe arrival at Loy* H
One of my Letters has I Suspect been intercepted by the Ennemys, There-
fore I recommend you to do your utmost to put your Post in safety
making the Intrenchm* a little higher than ours, and if the Post or Part
of it is commanded, Desire Ad’’ Rhor to make Traverses^ to cover your
men.
As Soon as Alajor Armstrong returns Send me an Express his ac-
count,- and forward immediately a Party of 4, or 5 men to the fort to Spy
the dispositions of the Ennemy; Keep your arms and ammunition in good
order, and your officers vigilant. I refer you to Several particulars in
Alajor Grant’s Letter® being in a great hurry.
Send me as Soon as you can, an Exact Return^ by Corps and Compa-
nies, of all the Troops w*^ you
I am D'' Sir
Your most obed*^ hble Servant
H. Bouquet
29 August 1758 445
We have a Reinforcem* of 52 Indians. The whole will Soon march to you.
[Addressed] To Colonel Biird commanding the Troops at Loyal Hannon
* Printed in Pa. Mag. oj Hist, Biog., Vol. XXXII, 442-443.
wall to protect an exposed passage, or troops, from the fire of an enemy.
■ Not found.
°Not found. See Bouquet to Forbes, .'\ugust 31.
* Not found.
BOUQUET TO GRANT
[Raystown Camp, August 29, 1758]
Letter missing, but mentioned in Burd's to Bouquet, August 30. Presumably the letter
contained Bouquet's orders to Grant for the post at Loyalhanna.
This is probably the “Coxing letter’’ mentioned by Forbes in his letter to Bouquet,
August 28.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 194, A. L. S.]
Camp at Quemahony 29^^ August 1758 8. A: M
Dear sir,
I take the Opportunity by Major Armstrong to Acquaint you that I
find it Impracticable to march from hence before tomorrow Alormng;
when the Artilery Wagons came to be overhawl’d they required a great
deal more repair then I Expected & it will take this day to put them in
order for Marching
I sent yesterday A Number of Artificers forward to the foot of Lawrel
Hill to prepare Carriages to be Carried by tw'o horses to transport Pro-
visions over the Mountain and I shall be obliged to make use of the
Wagon horses for this purpose
I had a letter^ from St John this Morning (he is at the foot of the
Hill) informing me that there remain'd only K of a mile to cut from
here to the Hill which would be finished in 2 hours, I am very sorry for
this delay, but assure you it cannot be Avoided, and at the same time
their wall be no time lost by it as all the Troops are at work on the
Mountain, Except, the Americans &: Highlanders that march’d with me
from Raystown, they are here
Inclosed you have a return- which S'’ John sent me this Morning by
which you will Observe that when I take from him my Detauchm^ he
will have remaining only 203 men for work & Covering, but to day &
tomorrow he will have 739 Effective which will ease the work on the
Mountain much
446
30 x\uGusT 1758
I am affraid the five Casks of Cartridges'^ is not with us but left behind
by some Mistake at Raystown I can have no Account of their being in
any of the Wagons this Adorning, no time shall be lost in the March or
otherwise I Conclude with great Esteem
Dear Sir
Your real freind & obed- Serv^
James Burp
shall the suttlers have provisions, upon what terms
Coll: Bouquet
\ Endorsed in Bouquet’ s handwriting] Col. Burd 29‘'‘ Aug
'■ Not found.
‘ Not found.
° See Bouquet’s Instructions to Burd, August 23.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, f. 37, A. L. S.]
Reas Town Camp SO-** Aug* 1758
Dear Sir
I have your favour of the 28-*** and am very glad to have it in my
Power to relieve you of that long inactivity which you so justly com-
plain [ed]t of.
The Generals orders are that you march with the Virginia Troops actu-
ally under your Command, by Braddock’s Road and that you take Post
at the Salt Like, that Strong natural Encampment described us once by
S'' John Our advanced Partys on this Way will take Post^ beyond the
Chesnut Ridge, and will look for the Shortest Communication w-** you.
I beg you will let me know what you may want in ammunition Pro-
visions you must have for Six Weeks from the day of your departure, in-
cluding 3 Weeks of fresh meat or live Cattle.
I Shall Send you a Proportion of Intrenching Tools and compleat your
men at 100 Rounds Each.
As we have no Waggons here, I can not See that you will be able to
march before the 8-*' of 7ber and if you could by your Interest procure a
number of Waggons from Virginia they would be of great Service, were
they 100: The last Teams you have had from Winchester are very good,
but before I received Your Orders, I had Sent them to Carlisle.^ These
100 additional Waggons or Part of them could be loaded w-'' what flour
could be got, in Virg®, the Rest with Indian Corn, proceed to Cumberland,
t Stricken out.
30 August 1758
447
where they would find further orders, according to Circumstances and
either go to the Ohio by your Road or this as would be found most
convenient.
The first good Waggons that will come up, I Shall Send you, with what
you may want.
The General was to Set out yesterday from Shipp [?]■* and I hope will
be here in a few days; It will be very necessary that you See him; as
Soon as I know the day of his arrival, you will be inform’d. Prepare in
the meantime your Queris, Sc?
If you will have Pack horses to carry Provisions besides the Waggons,
you may have any number of them, but they can not easily carry Pork
Liquor, or Tools, otherwise you would have had little occasion of incum-
bering your march w**^ Waggons.
Let me know^ in how many days you could be there either w-^ Pack
horses only, or with Waggons:
The Ration is fi.xed at 7^^ flour and 7^ fresh Beef per Week, and in lieu
of Beef five Pounds of Pork and one Pint of Rice, or in lieu of Pork, four
Pounds of Bacon and also one Pint of Rice.
a Head of Bullock is given here for 5“^ and the Heart for two.
I write you m a great hurry, not to differ a moment [of]t informing
you, of your happy delivery.
I Shall let you know, how the Fort is to be garrisoned. I believe it will
be by 250 men of the Militia of Maryland, commanded by the Governor
himself;
Your Sick Should be Sent to the Gen^ Flospital here, or lefft at Cumber-
land, if they can be well attended there, your Sentiment upon that.
If you have any hopes of getting Waggons from Virginia, how could
they be escorted to Cumberland without weakening you.^
I have had the misfortune*" to have One Express to the General inter-
cepted last Week. I can hear nothing of the two Light Horse, the Car-
riers, whether deserted, killed, or taken: and yesterday ano[ther] Ex-
press’^ from our advanced Post deserted with Letters: Therefore the
French may pretty well be informed of our Preceedings; I am ashamed
that they Succeed in all their Scouting Partys and that we never have
any Success in ours.
My Compliments to Col. Byrd. I Shall be very glad to See you here,
and am with great truth
Dr Sir
Your most obed* humble Servant
Henry Bouquet
t Stricken out.
448
30 August 1758
Our Troops will be to morrow at L. H--n: Louisburg was taken the 26-'’
We Shall make a feu de Joye, fire also at Cumberland.
Keep the above disposition of your Troops Secret till you hear more
about it
[Endorsed] From Colonel Bouquet 30^*‘ Aug- 1758
[Addressed] On His Majesty's Service
To Colonel Washington Commanding the Troops at Fort
Cumberland
^ Washington to Bouquet, August 28, which see.
^ Site suggested by Rhor as suitable for advance camp, about nine miles beyond
Loyalhanna, sometimes called Grant’s Paradise, or Dagworthy’s Breastworks.
“ Bouquet’s Orderly Book, August 28, which see.
‘ Shippensburg.
® Washington gave requested information in his letter to Bouquet, September 2, which
see.
^ See rough draft of Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, August 31.
’Thomas Glen. Ibid.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 195, A. L. S.]
Camp at Quemahony 30*^'' August 1758 5: A: M
Dear sir
I this Moment was favoured with your two letters^ one to myself &
the other to Major Grant both of the 29*'“ Curr-, we are just on our March
from hence shall gett nigh the foott of the Hill to night & shall leave the
Artilery there with A good guard & march the troops over and take the
Post at Lyal Haining
I am sorry that your letters has been Intercepted, all Precautions shall
be used by us, I am likwise sorry to Acquaint you that we have some
reason to beleive that one of Capt" Shilby’s” Officers'' are taken Prisoner
nigh Fort Du Quesne, this was Occasioned by Mr Shilbys party fireing
upon a Indian who made his Escape wounded & brought a large party
upon them which obliged them to Divid & Retreat
Last night the Indian Gishaty^ arrived here with three more Indians
with him one of which Named Adeneyachea” gave the Major & self a
draught" of F: Du Quesne which he drew with my Pincel before us & I
inclose you the same I send them to you along With White'^ the Wagoner
who Carrys this
31 August 1758
449
I shall send spys as you direct must Conclude with great Esteem
Dear sir
Your most Affect: freind & obed- Serv-
James Burd
We shall use all means to Reconcile Coll: Stephens & the Knight® but Em
affraid it has gone too farr
Coll. Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Burds 30-^ Aug
^ Bouquet to Burd, August 29, which see. The letter to Grant not found.
“ Capt. Evan Shelby.
® Not identified.
‘Also known as Kissity. See Forbes to Bouquet, August 2, footnote 16.
®Not identified.
° Not found.
’ William White.
^ Sir John St. Clair.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 157, A. Df.]
[Ra3"stown, Aug. 31, 1758]
Write to the General the 31®‘ Aug- [1758.]
Received the two Letters of the 26d and 28.^ and as I See no mention
made of my letter of the w**^ one of Major GR 1 am afraid it has
been intercepted, as one of Cap*^ Tompson’s Light Elorse Named Th[os.]
Glen'^ deserted the 29^^^ Inst wW all y® Letters from Sir John® Col. Burd and
Major Grant to me, which he carries to [the French] [have]t He is a
Roman Catholic and has been a long time a Prisoner w-'^ them.
As I have no Copy of the above Letter, I can recollect only a few art:
The Principal was a Request for 300 fresh Waggons to be Either hired or
Impressed, Obliging them to make one Single Tripp to Reas Town or
L. H
To recall all the Troops lefft on the East Side of Susquehanna, Except-
ing Fort Augusta, to be employed under the direction of Sir John to
impress Waggons, and escort them, relieving our Posts in the Com-
munication.
The necessity of purchasing 1500 Beeves in Pensilvania to be Killed
and salted at our next deposite; The Virginia ones won’t do for that
purpose.
t Stricken out.
450
31 August 1758
I give orders to occupy the Rhor's prepared Post ower Chestnutt Ridge
as soon as they have cleared the Road for Waggons, to Loyal Hannon
to march there 1000 men and after leaving a Strong guard in the
Entrenchm- at L. H w^'* the artillery & waggons to employ the rest in
four divisions to cut the 9 miles to them.
I have put a Stop to all these unnecessary Bodies upon the Road
where a whole Batt had been so judiciously lefft Idling.
I am incumbered w-'' Col. Armstrong, and all these P off ®
without knowledge & Experiences since I would not trust a Serjeant’s
Guard. I recall that Col here, under pretence, of your wanting to speak
to him. They are all a cruel Incumbrance upon us, and IvL Denny, could
have spared his Reafusel of Ranks.
If Gov. Sharp can be at Cumb.'^ by the 10*’’ of 7’^’' It will be time enough
to march then the Virg"^ To loose no time I have wrote'^ to W to
keep every thing read};', without his mentioning his destination.
They will want Waggons to carry Provisions and wall be obliged by
that to open their favorite Roads which can be of Service to us after-
wards The Communication between the Salt Lick and our advanced
Post IS about 16 m clear Woods
As I can not fore See any danger or difficulty in the march of that
Corps that Way, I think that measure very proper, and I shall Support
that opinion, let the Success be what it will.
I draughted the first Batt of Pensilvanians as Soon as you gave me the
order, and from that time they have been constantly employd in Escort,
but the greatest number of them are Sick, and I never was able to relieve
the Garrisons at Loudoun or Littleton; I See no body to do it unless you
recall the 3 or 400 men Idling in the Forts at the East of Susq and leaving
besides all the N. Car. upon the Road.
L*^ Col. Dagworthy will be Sent w*** his best men as you desire. He has
the best rangers here.
We shall fire tonight the feu de Joye, and I have ordered the Same at
Cumb. and Loy' H
The Governor®
After [so It many repeated Importunitys of Alajor Arm.’^® I permitted
him to take a Party of 100 men besides Cap*^ Shelby’s Volunteers and 10
Rangers of Maryland which was the Strongest Party marched from this
Camp: I ordered him to take provisions enough concealed in the Woods
to be able to stay 6, or 7 days about the Forts pushing small Partys for-
wards and above all not to return without Intelligences, as I was tired of
t Stricken out.
31 August 175S 451
So manj" Partys doing nothing, in the time that the Ennemys insulted
us on all Sides.
[Wh]t I expected as I wrote you great things having given him Cal-
lendar,^^ the most knowing man for the Roads & Situation.
What has he done.
He went at about 17 miles from the Fort and detached two Small
Partys to go forward with orders to join him [at 6 miles ]t again. Those
Partys lost themselves, did not See the Fort and joined him next day,
he being then at 6 miles from the fort One off. of the Mary, w'-'^ a Single
man went out again to See the Fort, and endeavour to bring a Party out,
desiring the Major to wait there [un]t till one o'Clock P. M. for him:
another officer was Sent along the Mononghehela, and the Major himself
w-'^ 14 men went to cross it, but at the Same time without waiting for
the Poor officer, sent to the fort, he ordered Callendar to march Imme-
diatly all his Party back, and himself joined them soon after not being able
Said he to cross the Monongly The Maryl. off. went to the fort had a
good View- of it, but Seing no body on this Side of the River returned
w'here he had lefft the Party, and not finding them, and having not a
morsel of Provisions he ran 25 miles before he could overtake them So
diligent had they been to go back.
Cap* Shelby refused to return wfithout doing something and marched
on w* his Party to cross the Ohio 20 miles higher:
The others are come back after that noble [Exploit] and the Major
void of all Shame came to my Tent w-'*^' a free and disengaged air to tell
me that he had had no Success: I examined him Step by Step, and
having convinced him by his owm acc* that he had behaved infamously, I
handled him as he deserves. Such are the Gentl. that 3’ou have to com-
mand 3'our Troops.
[I heard last night thatjt
Old Kissity*- returned last night from his Errand &c.
[Our P]t I leave to Hoops to give ^mu an Acc* of our decreasing Provi-
sions, unless 3mu can make another coup d'Etat*® to get Waggons, we
must Stik again
I have desired \mu to Stay as long as the service could bear it, but I
think now that it is time to Strike, before a Reinforcem* can join them
You shall certainly have no Levees [furnished.?] and if you had the}-"
would be too late, but I hope we shall not want them: Therefore if
wfith[out] danger you may come here, I beseech you to engage all your
t Stricken out.
452 31 August 1758
Strength that way, as there are several things I can not write, and meas-
ures that you must order.
10
50 4,000 <315
24
80
[no signature\
^ Halkett to Bouquet, August 26, which see.
^Forbes to Bouquet, August 28, which see.
“ Not found. Grant’s letter probably enclosed.
■‘Thomas Glen of Capt. William Thompson’s troop of Light Horse, from the first bat-
talion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
® Sir John St. Clair.
® Provincial officers.
'' Fort Cumberland.
® Bouquet to Washington, August 30, which see.
“This suggests that part of this letter was to be used as a basis for a letter to either
the governor of Maryland or of Pennsylvania.
“ Major George Armstrong.
“ Capt. Robert Callender.
“Also called Gishaty. See Burd to Bouquet, August 30.
“ “stroke of state policy.’’
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[L. C., Papers of George Washington, Vol. IX, f. 39, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 31®‘ Augf 1758
O'- s?-
The officer^ wlio commands the Escort you Sent w-’‘ M? Hoops having
not been near me I did not know till this moment that there was one,
and adventured a Letter- to you last night by a man going in the night,
which I would be very Sorry Should it be intercepted.
The Beeves lost in driving are to be paid by the Crown upon Cer-
tificate that they have been lost. Therefore I beg you will order the Com-
manding officers who escorted them from Winchester, and from Cumber-
land to give such Certificates.
If you have any Person acquainted wf** the Country between the Salt
Like and the old trading Path by Reastown, Inquire of the Shortest dis-
tance between the two Roads and of the nature of the Ground, where the
Junction could be made.
31 August 1758
453
I am w^*' a Sincere Regard
Dear Sir
Your most obed*^ hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
Col. Washington
[Endorsed] From Colonel Bouquet 31®* Aug- 1758^
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington, III, 66-67.
^ Not identified.
"Bouquet to Washington, August 30, which see.
®This letter was answered by Washington, September 2, which see.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 196, A. L. S.]
Camp at the Clear fields 31-* August 1758 2; P: M
Dear sir
I have just Rece'* your favours of the 30*’'* CurrI I am sorry for the
Misfortune of my letters" being Carried off, I must own it looks very
suspitious, I shall Immediately send off two small partys to lay in Ambush,
Inclosed you’r Coppys of my two letters^ both sent by said Glen
This Morning LieuI Hays^ Arrived here with his party after vewing
the Gape of the Lawrel Hill, he came here through Mistake which was Oc-
casioned by the partys Cutting on the Mountain, fireing Guns, which he
took to be at Loyal Haining; his ReporU is not so distink as I could
wish but I inclose it you
I had Ordered a March from hence this Adorning of all the Detauche-
ment Except 200 men to be left here with the Artilery [at this placejt
untill the road should be oppened, but it has Rain’d Violently all day &
I could not attemp to march.
Our Cattle is just Arrived, in Number 37, which is so farr Extreamly
fortunate as our Provisions are redust to the inclosed Invoice,® I have
sent off 12 Wagons & 27 Carrying Horses to Queemahony, & Edmonds
swamp, to bring wbat pork & flour can be spared from these places,
John* had not one ownce of Pork when I came to him
Major Grant & self went to Vew the road & found it Cutt about 5 miles
from hence it is a bad Alountain but think it will do, I have no Prospect
of going myself to see the Post 10 miles on the other side of Loyall Ham-
t Stricken out.
454
3i August 1758
ing as the Differences between Coll: Stephens & John can’t easily be
Accommodated but Major Grant will go. I have the pleasure to Acquaint
you that I have found in the Wagons the five Casks of Cartradges®
I expect to be able to March tomorrow Morning Tho the Weather
Continues very bad I am with Regaird
Dear sir,
Your sincere freind & Obedl Serv-
James Burd
I begg leave to Referr you to Major Grant's long letter'* about the Dis-
putes
Coll: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Col Burd 31®*^ Aug
[ENCLOSURE]!®
Allegania Mountain Augl the 26^'^ 1758
Having Received Orders!! from Colonel James Burd, to Reconolter a
Gap m the Lorrel Hill, which we took an Observation to; from the Top
of the Alegama Mountain, and Proceed’d on an N. N. W. Course towards
It. Crossing over Huckleberry Barron's and high Rocks untill we came
to a Creek!- which we Crossed and went throw a Bottum very Thick
with Lorrel and Rocky which Continued about a Mile; where we came
to clear White Oak Land, went two Miles farther and came to a Clear
Sevana at a spring and Incamp’d there that Night.
August the 27*!* 1758 —
This Morning we Proceed on our way to the Gap in the Lorrel Hill
Crossing throw very great Lorrel Thickets and high Ridges, untill we
came to a Gap in a Hill, which a [Large]! Creek run throw N N W.
it being very Level Bottum at the N. E. side of the Creek; but very
thick with Lorrel that we are Obliged to keep Down the Creek a Mile
and a half where we came to the Foot of a Hill and Incamp’t.
August the 28th 1758
1 he Creek made a Turn and run N. W. where we took up the Hill being
very high in Order to get a Vew of the Lorrel Hill Gap; but the Lorrel
being so thick we are not able to get any Vew from that Hill, but having
Crossed to the other side of it & Crossing throw a Lorrel Bottum; we
came to a small Creek which run W. S. W. where we Crossed and found
very Dificual geting throw the Lorrel and came to very, high. Clear, Hill,
off which we had a Clear Vew of the Lorrel Hill and Gap, & ware Assured
of its being the Gap we ware Ordered to reconoiter and to which we took
t Stricken out.
31 August 1758
455
the Observation to from the Alegania Mountain we Imediatly Continued
our Course Towards it. Crossing Lorrel Thickets we fell in with a Creek
runing N. which we crossed and took up a very high Hill, which was clear;
& from off which we Discovered the Gap throw the Lorrel Hill and from
thence took a strait course to the Gap, down the Hill at Foot of which
we came to a Creek runing W. N. W. we crossed it and took into very
clear Woods, which Continued unto the Foot of the Hill at the Gap;
where a larg Creek about 7 Rod wide run N. N. W. Through the Gap —
where we Incamped that Night.
August the 29th 1758
This Morning we took upon the side of the Hill Through the Gap where
we had a very good Vew of the Creek and Gap which run N. N. W. we
Attempted to go Down to the Creek; but it being so Steep and Wett, we
ware Obliged to keep on the side of the Hill; it being about 2 Miles
through the Gap; we fell in with the Hill Opasite the Gap; where the
Creek made a Turn and run N. N. E. we then Changed our Course to
S. W. in Order To go to Loyalhaning, we took through a Draft at the
back of the Lorrel [Hill] about 2 Miles, & then crossed over high Ridges
4 Miles farther we came to a hi[gh] Hill where we had a Vew of the
Loyalhaning Creek; from thence we Continued our Course S. W. and fell
m with sevearal high Hills and not Thinking the Lorrel Hill run so much
W, Crossed over it; and Incamped that Night on this side of it.
August the 30th 1758
This Morning we Continued our Course; Crossing clear Woods about
[six] Miles; and hearing sum Gun’s go off, we made Tow'ards the Fire;
and [fell] in with the Road between this and the Incampment at
Quemahony Creek [ ] from whence we came To Camp hear.^^
James Hay LieuL 2'^ B. P R.
[In different handu’riting]
25 miles from the top of the Allagany Montain to the Gap
2 miles through the Gap
18 miles from the Gap to the road that the troops are making
There is no path m the Gap neither is there any path, or tracks, all
that Course
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Report of L^ Hay Sent to
reconoitre the Gap at y® Laurell Hill
' Not found.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, August 31.
“Probably the two letters written by Burd to Bouquet, August 28, which see.
* Lieut. James Ha5C
“ See Enclosure.
Not found.
■ Sir John St. Clair.
456
31 August 1758
® See Burd to Bouquet, August 29.
° Not found, but probably one of the letters carried by the express, Thomas Glen,
when he deserted. See Bouquet to Forbes, August 31.
“Report of Lieut. James Hay. A. D. S. in B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 38.
See Burd to Bouquet, August 26
“Lieut. Hay tried to go straight to the Gap in Laurel Hill. He found no path to or
through the Gap. He does not mention crossing any paths. He must, therefore,
have kept south of the Raystown Path. The places mentioned are too indefinite to
admit of identification.
“ Stony Creek.
AN AI'UIAI. VIl-.W or I.AURKI. 1111. 1. .Vf I'OINT WHKKi-.
K()!{IU;S' ROAD C'ROSS!:i)
SEPTEMBER, 1758
1 Colonel Bouquet orders one thousand men to entrench post beyond
Loyalhanna.
3 Colonel James Burd arrives at Loyalhanna with 2500 men to start
entrenchments at Loyalhanna and advance post.
4 Colonel Dagworthy marches with three hundred men to cover Colonel
Bouquet’s advance from Raystown to Loyalhanna.
5 Colonel Bouquet and troops march from Raystown, enroute to
Loyalhanna.
6 General Forbes and escort arrive at Fort Loudoun.
9 General Forbes writes to Governor Denny, threatening to turn Sir
John St. Clair loose on the province unless Assembly acts to pro-
vide wagons.
Major Grant marches from Loyalhanna with large detachment, to
reconnoiter Fort Duquesne.
10 Sir John St. Clair and Lieutenant Ourry enroute to Philadelphia to
apply to Pennsylvania Assembly for wagons.
Colonel Bouquet visits advance post, beyond Chestnut Ridge.
13 Wagon brigade leaves Raystown for Loyalhanna, with supplies.
14 Defeat of Alajor Grant’s detachment at Fort Duquesne.
15 Convoy leaves Raystown for Loyalhanna, with supplies.
General Forbes and escort arrive at Raystown.
16 Colonel Washington at Raystown to confer with General Forbes.
News of capture of Fort Frontenac on August 27, by Colonel
Bradstreet.
19 Ensign Blane and escort proceed to Fort Duquesne with letter from
Colonel Bouquet to De Lignery.
20 114 horses enroute from Raystown to Loyalhanna with flour.
23 Two convoys leave Raystown with supplies for Loyalhanna.
24 Ensign Blane and escort return from Fort Duquesne with letter from
De Lignery, and list of prisoners.
28 Colonel Lloyd and detachment of four hundred men start cutting
road from Loyalhanna to advance post beyond Chestnut Ridge.
Pennsylvania Assembly passes law to regulate hiring of wagons for
army.
457
458
1 September 1758
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 199, A. L. S.]*
Reas Town Camp 1-^ SepT. 1758
Dear Sir
The General having approved^ of the Post proposed by AT Rhor, you
will take Possession of it in the following manner
I Suppose this Letter will find you at Loy- Hann. where you are to
Stay untill by the united Labour of the Troops on both Sides you can
bring the artillery and Waggons to you.
You will then march 1000 men to the intended Post, and leaving a Suffi-
cient guard W'*' the artillery and Waggons in your Entrenchment, divide
the rest in four Partys to cut the 9 miles remaining to open a Communica-
tion for Waggons to you.
While they are cutting that Road, you will make an Intrenched Camp
for 2000 men at the News Deposit, and M*’ Rhor is to lay out the Port in
the best Situation.
As Soon as the Road is cut, your artillery & Waggons are to come to
you under a Strong Escort, the Waggons are to be unloaded and imme-
diatly Sent back here, as are all the Pack horses including those of the
Regiment as Soon as you can Spare them, keeping only a few Teams for
the Works of the Fort.
I have kept here a Number of horse drivers to take care of the Horses
distributed to the different Corps, you will be pleased to Send me an
Exact List- of the number delivered up by Each Corps that I may See
how many have been lost, and by whom.
If it is possible let me have a Return® of the Provisions jmu have that I
mat^ Supply you in time.
As it is very necessary for the General to know what number of Effec-
tive men, he can depend upon I beg you will order a Separate Return^
of Each Corps w^^ you, to be made bj^ Companies, giving a distinct ac-
count of all their men, and where they are.
The 3000 men of your Province are reduced to 1000 here, and I cannot
account for the rest
The Indians w*‘‘ the good old man® have given me a full account of
the French Situation, which Seems very despicable, as long as they receive
no Reinforcements.
'Phe behaviour of Major A ® is so Extraordinary that he has cast
a Cloud over all the Provincial Troops. If the picked officers and men act in
that Scandalous manner, what can I expect of the Rest. This makes me
very uneasy as I have answered to the Gen? that they would give him
satisfaction.
1 September 1758 4:^9
I expect him daily. Send me an Exact account of all your Steps that i
may inform him fully.
I am entirely
My dear Sir
Your Most obed*^ h*'^® Servant
H. Bouquet
Make a fire of all your artillery & mouskettry, for the Rejoycing of
Louisbourg. we fire this Evening.
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service To Colonel Burd Commanding the
Troops at Loyal Hannon
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist, Biog., Vol. XXXII, 443-444.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, August 28.
^ Not found.
^ Not found.
* Not found.
® This probably refers to the Onondaga chief, Kissity. See Burd to Bouquet, August 30.
® Major George Armstrong. See Bouquet to Forbes, August 31, also Col. John Arm-
strong to Bouquet, September 3.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Raystown Camp, Sept. 1, 1758]
Letter missing but received and acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, Sep-
tember 3. Evidently the letter contained orders for Armstrong to meet Bouquet and
Forbes at Raystown as soon as he was able to make the trip.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 197, A. L. S.]
Camp at Clear fields Septemb'' 1758 2: P; M
Dear sir,
I wrote you of yesterday’s date^ but Could not gett it forwarded. I
sent out two part3's- this Morning to way lay- the Roads at Eort Du
Quesne in hopes of either finding the Light Horse man,® or a Prisoner,
the partys'* are small being a Serjl & Si.x of the Virginians, & a Serj* & five
of my Battallion, they have particular Instructions to lay^ by the Port
undiscovered; upon no Acci to Attempt a scalp, but a Prisoner, or the
light horse man, I enjoined them if they saw the light horse man to shoot
him unless they had the greatest Certainty of taking him & in [thatjt
case thej" should kill him to Examine Carefully for his papers® & bring
them to me
t Stricken out.
460
2 September 1758
I have this day Rece*^’ 6 Wagon loads of flour and Biskett from
Queemahony & 120 horse load of flour p Lieu- Attlee,® the Wagons with
shingles is not yett arrived, the weather seems now as if it would clear
up, I shall march tomorrow Morning, & hope soon to have a further sup-
ply of Provisions
I shall send you a return'^ of the Detatichm- in my nixt, I have just
Rece'’ a few lines from S’’ John'^ Acquaint? me that he had cut to the foot
of the Mountain on the other side I Conclude with great Esteem
Dear sir
Your most sincere freind and obed- Serv-
James Burd
I want Iron much
Coll. Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bonquefs handzvriting] Col Burd Sept''
' Burd to Bouquet, August 31, which see.
■ Not identified,
^ Thomas Glen, express, who deserted August 29.
Not identified.
'Letters from Sir John St. Clair, Major Grant and Col. Burd were among the papers
for Bouquet.
'Lieut. Samuel J. Atlee, commissioned, December, 1757, in Capt, Patrick Work’s com-
pany of the second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
’’ Not found.
® Sir John St. Clair. Letter not found.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 159, A. L. S.]*
Shippensbourg 2^ Septem' 1758
Sir
I reallv can not describe how I have suffer’d both in body and Mind
of Late. And the relapses have been worse as the dissapointment was
greatter however I comfort myself in thinking that I have retarded nothing
by my infirmity, as other things must necessarily have hindred me from
setting directly out for the Ohio untill this time and even were wee ready
now, which I am sorry to say is not the Case, I think it would be Impru-
dent yet for some time. Because from what I can learn that the strength
of the Indians at Fort du Quesne are from the Detroit and Westward of
the Lakes, they are now weary and must return by the latter end of
SepR for taking care of their Hunting and for fear of the Frosts. 2^° If
Broadstreet^ has any success at Frontignac,- they must recall some of
Col’ Bouquet.
2 September 1758
461
their Regulars to strengthen themselves there; as Montcalm^ can spare
none from Tienderoga'* and 3*^"^ There are already above 100 Indians come
to the Treaty® just now to be opend at Easttown, where the Delaware
and other Chieffs are dayly expected from the Ohio Who if brought over
to us will make ane Immense falling of with the other French Indians,
So any stroke of ours at this criticall period, might be of very bad Con-
sequence to us. For the French are trying every thing in their power
to keep them and my Intelligence says that before the Detroit Indians
return, that the French will most certainly persuade them to come in a
body to attack us, at least to beat up the head of our Army at Laurell
Hill As this is a serious Consideration we must guard against it by all
means possible. For which reason My Dear S^'" I must beg the favour of
you that without loss of time you will be so good as sett out for the head
of the Army, where you can judge of the post® proposed by Rhor. What
numbers are sufficient to maintain themselves there untill we are able
to march more troops up, which at present I think would rather be rash,
considering the State of our provisions and Forrage, which at present
with the State of our Waggons, (occasiond from the want of the latter)
cannot be either so soon or easily supplyed. So these things when one
the Spot you will revolve in your own mind and by a proper disposition
of the troops and advanced post, make it impossible for the Ennemy to
march in a body without our knowledge when the troops at work may be
hurryed up time enough to support the head. For which reason large
out partys and advanced Guards (all extreaml}' allert), will be necessary
and small partys from them for Intelligence. And yet I can not think
that the French will risque any thing so fair from home, except a large
Scouting party, such as has harrassed us these ten days by past. But of
all this you will soon be able to form a judgment, and return to me di-
rectly to Raes town, for which place I shall God Willing sett out Monday
next, so you may be with me back again by the time I arrive there.
If you think this journey needless before that I get up to you, when
I have many things to settle and concert with you let it alone, only send
an officer to quicken all those posts, and to keep them upon their Guard
and a Strict look out at all times least of a surprise, which indeed is the
only thing we have most to dread.
I have wrote' you of Governour Sharp’s offer as to Fort Cumberland,
and as I will order his people there by the 10**^ Sept'' you may be making
disposition for the rest of the Virginia regim*®.
I fired this day a Feu de Joye for our being possesors of Louisbourg
ever since the 26**' July,*^ pray let your people do the same as it will keep
them in spirits and make it reach the French and Indian’s Ears the sooner.
I understand that 8 men p Company, said to be detached from the
French regulars for the Ohio, are sent back to Montreal and the river
462
2 September 1758
Lawrence, so I think we shall not have them to deal with this year,
nor can I think if that be the case, how they will venture to leave their
Garrison.
The Moment the treaty at East town is over Mt Croghan promises to
join me with as many of the Indians as he can bring along, and I might
believe that there may be a Good many persuaded to come.
I send you the ptibhck papers^ which is all the news.
Mf Hoops sent about 70 Bats Horses to be loaded at Littleton, but
finding nothing there nor any where else indeed, they are gone down to
Carlisle. There are two droves of Oxen and sheep gone thro’ this town
this day, and a Small Convoy of Waggons, part provisions, and part
forage.
The Magistrates m their different districkts all agree in the great diffi-
culty of geting fresh Waggons or Horses, saying, the Farmers complain
their Horses were starved for want of forage, so I am afraid we must make
the best of what we have.
My kind Compliments to my Cousin Slender,^® who I realy long to
see, because of much thiner than usual he must [havejt now have become
almost Invisible.
Be so good as write to Cob Washington & Byrd^^ and acquaint them of
my project for bringing all they can from Fort Cumberland of their troops,
and the Commissary must likewise be acquainted that those Maryland
Militia are to be Victualled and to have a Gill of [Rum]t Spirits each p
day, hut I believe this last article Mt Woods’^^ must settle I am
D? Si"
Most Sincerely
Y" Obed^ hum’® Serv^
Jo: Forbes
P: S:
Altho I make no doubt but all your Engineers are employed, yet I should
be very glad to talk with him who is best acquainted with Laurell Hill
and forwards.
You may set the provincial! soldier^^ that I ordered to be confined, at
liberty, as his accuser acknowledged the falsity of his charge, and has since
deserted.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Sept: the 2'^
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 193-196.
t Stricken out.
"Capt. John Bradstreet.
^Fort Frontenac, Canada, earlier known as Cataraqui, a French fort on the north
shore of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.
2 September 1758 463
“Marquis Louis Joseph de Montcalm, in command of the French forces in Canada.
* Fort Ticonderoga.
“The council finally convened at Easton, October 8-26. The Minutes are printed in
Pa. Arch., Series 4, II, 942-959, also in Col. Rees., VIII, 175-223.
““Grant’s Paradise,” at the mouth of Ninemile Run, 2 miles south of present Latrobe,
Westmoreland County.
’’See Forbes to Bouquet, August 28.
“ Capitulation of Louisburg to Amherst, July 26.
“Probably the Pennsylvania and Maryland Gazettes.
“ Probably this refers to ex-governor James Glen.
““Bouquet to Washington, September 4, which see.
“““Simon Draper Wood, deputy commissary, Philadelphia.
““John McCotter, express. See Halkett to Bouquet, August 18.
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 198, A. L. S.]
2“^ Septemb^ 1758
Redout near Stoney-Creek^ 7 Miles from Quemahone
Sir
On coming to Edmunds-Swamp I found that no breastwork was Erected
there I suppose on AccI of the Water not being good, about Twenty
Barrels of Pork & Eight of Flour being there, I Left with Lt. Henshaw^
Sixty five Men & Some Officers to Guard the Stores & proceeded to this
Post with the Sick, Some Officers & about Twenty Alen, where I expected
Some Stores to have been, but on coming found none of any kind. I
cou’d not hear of a Bit of fresh Provisions betwixt the Mountains but
what was Order’d to the Troops forward, in this Event having Sundry
Officers & Soldiers Sick, I wrote Sir John for a little fresh Provision and
Signify’d the necessity of Some Waggons being appointed to remove the
Stores from the Swamp to Kittany Paulins, as that place might Yield
greater Safety as well as enable me to comply with your Orders of the
271*“ UlU in affording Sir John more Men to Cut the Road, which together
with the Use of what Batt Horses we have I offer’d fully in my letter,"^ but
have rec*? no Answer tho’ this is the third day since I wrote.
Last Night Cap- Potter® came here with Six Waggons and a party of
my people by Order of Coll: Burd to remove & Carry to him, all the
Provisions at Edmunds Swamp, at first View I immagin’d a quantity of
Pork must have been at [ Edmunds ]t Quemahone (as there are there,
about 100 persons of Different Corps with a kind of Hospital) but Potter
assur’d me there was not a pound of Pork, & CapI Weatherhold® Sent me
last Night a piece of Beef, which he Said was the last bit of fresh he had.
I don’t know the Extent of this Gentlemans Power, but necessity has
Coll: Bouquet
t Stricken out.
464
2 September 1758
Oblig’d me to Oppose it so far as to Order Potter to leave at Quemahone,
Six days Allowance of Pork including Munday Next as the first, for the
Troops there & with me, and let the residue be forwarded according
Order, two days Provisions I also Send Crawford'^ at Dewart to begin
to Morrow, he is about 25 persons Sick & Effective after that it will be
absolutely necessar}" he be Supply’d from Reas’ Town, you will also See
how long we Can Subsist at Quemahone. I Order’d an Oven to be Built
at Dewart, before the Tools were all taken away, and Shou'd at least have
done the Same at every necessary encamping Ground, but have only two
or three Axes & Our I'omhawks. I shou’d be glad of your farther Orders®
respecting the two Paths Parrallel to the Road, and where you wou’d
think proper they Shou’d begin. I find a great part of the Woods betwixt
the Mountains especially near the Alleghany very thick, & yet where the
woods are more Open it is natural to think the paths are of less Use, pro-
vided we can have Tools, if you’l please to give Orders I shall immedi-
ately fall about it, the Covering of the Ax-Men will require care &
Strength, as (if that fellow'* be deserted to the French, we may look for
trouble in Our Communication in a few days, as it’s not likely they
will attack Our Advanc’d troops, but beat back, to an Easier Prey, this
Opinion inclines me to mention to you the necessity of pritty Large
Escorts, and of Evacuating most of those small Posts, for unless there
is Men enough to keep them after affording Sufficient Escorts to relieve
part3"s their Use seems doubtfull, yet may they Serve Sundry good
purposes, without being Constantly Occupy’d; but this is Submitted.
Sir John Wrote Coll: flamilton*** a Coppy^^ whereof was Sent me, that
he had your Orders,^- to leave Sixty of my Batt" at every Post betwixt the
Hills. I did not reply, but has not done it, because your late Orders^® to
me were explicitl}^ against it.
I am thro’ Divine favour getting rid of m}" disorder, and beginning to
gather Som[e] Strength, the Men I hear are in good Spirits except a few
Sick, please to forgive the unreasonable length of this Letter as I find I
have forgot my Self, from Sir
Your Most Ob^ and Most Humb* Serv-
John Armstrong
[E^idorsed in Bouqneds handu'riting], Col. Armstrong 2^ Sept.
[Addressed] Colonel Bouquet
^ Armstrong’s redoubt was located about 80 rods west of Stony Creek, between present
Kantner and Stoystown, Somerset County, Penna.
^Probably Lieut. James Hyndshaw, commissioned, December 10, 1757, in the first bat-
talion of the Pennsylvania Regiment.
° Not found.
2 September 1758
465
^ Probably this refers to his letter of August 28, which see.
^ Lieut. James Potter. He did not receive his promotion to rank of captain until
February, 1759.
® Capt. John Nicholas Wetterholt.
’ Probably Ens. Hugh Crawford.
® These orders may have been included in Bouquet’s letter, August 27, which has not
been found.
^ Thomas Glen, express.
“Lieut. Col. Hance Hamilton. See Bouquet's Orderly Book, August 3.
Not found.
“Bouquet’s letter to St. Clair, August 27, specified 25 men to each redoubt.
See Armstrong to Bouquet, August 28.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 56, A. L S.]*
Camp at Fort Cumberland 2^^ SepH 1758.
Dear Sir
Your Letters^ of the 30P^ and 3U* Ulf? I was favourd with in the Eve-
ning Yesterdajr — not time enough tho to prepare my answer till today
and for safet}^ I have detaind the Express for the Cover of Night.
I enclose you an exact return- of all the Ammunition & Provisions w*^’^
we have at this place that you may be judge what supply is necessary
to send here. If the Pork is in Keggs of a 100 Wf & the Flour in Baggs
they can be easil}^ carried on Horse back; and I shoud for many Reasons,
prefer back loads infinitely to Waggon's — Tools Powder and Lead might
also be carried on Elorse back which woud reduce our number of Wag-
gon’s and Facilitate our March greatly — indeed this is absolutely neces-
sary to be done — or else, so small a Body as we shall compose, are exposd
to many Insults, extended in such a manner as number of Waggon’s must
necessarily occasion in our Line of March.
If it was possible I coud March with Carrying Horses only, & those
good, I coud be at the place you mention in Six days — but if I am in-
cumberd with any number of Waggons it will possibly be and if the
Teams shoud be bad there is no guessing at the time
The Sick most certainly must go to the General Hospital,^ for we can
neither afford Surgeon’s nor Medicines from the Regiment to be left for
their benefit — and many, are not in a Condition to move.
I have wrote^ to M” Walker — or Person acting in his place for the
Waggon’s you desire; they coud easily have been had on timely notice,
but now I cannot promise — in case he succeeds I have desird him to ap-
ply to Lord Fairfax’"’ for an Escort of the Militia but I can't promise he
will get one.
I am extreamly sorry to hear of the miscarriage of y^' Letters;® it may
be attended with bad consequences. We have rejoyc’d here on the happy
466
3 September 1758
occasion of Louisburg’s Reduction & I most heartily wish the same Suc-
cess may attend his Majesty’s Arms in other parts.
I shall be very desirous of a conference with the General before I
March, as there may be many things necessary to settle I shall loose no
time m attending him when I have notice of his Arrival.
The Officer'^ that Commanded the Escort from Winchester is detachd
15 Miles hence /at our Grass Guard/ so that I cannot just now get the
Certificates you desire. I have no Person here who can give me any satis-
factory Acc- of the way & distance between the two Roads as you desire.®
I have heard nothing yet from Capt" Woodwards Party® — on Wednes-
day last Sergeant Scot with five Men went out once more to try their
Success at Fort Duquesne. I can answer for his good endeavours, but it
IS not more tedious than dangerous bring a Prisoner such a distance
CoP Byrd IS very III but desires nevertheless that his Compliments
may be made to you.
I am O’" Sir
Y'' Most Obed^ Serv-
G° Washington
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Washington 2*^ Sept? 1758
* Draft printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 284-286.
^Bouquet to Washington, August 30 and 31, which see.
^ Not found.
° At Raystown.
■“Washington to Walker, September 2. Printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington,
II, 284.
^ Lord Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1693-1781), proprietor of
Northern Neck, Va., commanded the Virginia Rangers. Consult DNB.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, August 31.
’Not identified.
^ See Bouquet to Washington. Ibid.
“ Capt. Henry Woodward was sent out to waylay the road at the Great Crossings. See
Washington to Bouquet, August 24.
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 199, A. L. S.]
Belle Air^ S'? Sep^" 1758)
5’ OClock P: M /
Sir
this Mom* I’ve rec'’ yours of the Isl Ins^® and Shall in Obedience to the
Generals desire & your Orders Set Out for Your Camp as Soon as I can
attempt the Ride which (God willing) may be on Wednesday or at
4 Septkmber 1758
467
farthest on thiirsday when One or two Doses of Physick are wrought off.
I'm much Concern'd that my Brother'* has deviated from Ins Orders,
and think he return'd too Soon, hut of this more at Meetting.
Sir John, left this place at One' O'Clock today, and informs me, the
Detachment of my B" Orderd to assist him in Cutting the Road, have
perform’d to his Satisfaction as far as he had Order'd, and by his direction
are return’d as tar as the Clear-fields, where he has appointed them to
Erect a redout,^ no dout he will Open the Situation of things ftill}^ to you.
I’m now at a Loss whether to hurry off the Men, or let them finish the
redout, and whether you intend the whole to March, or to leave the De-
tachment, formerly Order'd at Kittany Paulins,® as well as that at F
Dewart, but on the whole think it best to Send you an Express, who Shall
ride all Night & ma}^ be here to Adorrow Evening, it will Oblidge me, as
well as be necessary in point of the returns, to take Maj'' Jaminson® down
for a day or two if you have no Objection. I must have Some Companjn
and Sir with very great respect
Your Most Ob^ Serv^
Jo" Armstrong
I have Said Wednesday, but if possible will be Sooner down.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting\ Col. Armstrong 3^ Sepf
[Addressed] On his Majesties Servise To Coll: Bouquet, Commanding
his Majesties Forces at Reas’ Town
^Jameson’s redoubt, about 3 miles from Edmund’s Swamp, on north side of Oven
Run, erected by Majors Jameson and Lewis.
“ Not found.
^ Major George Armstrong was detailed to reconnoiter toward Fort Duquesne. See
Bouquet to Forbes, August 18, and 31.
* This was known as Dudgeon's fort.
^ Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
“ Major David Jameson.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 60, A. Df.]*
Letter to the General 4*'' SepC 1758
Monsieur
J’aj" recue ce matin votre Lettre du 2?^ L’Esperance de vous voir
bientot icy diminue beaucotip mes Inquietudes Stir la Position critique
ou nous Sommes; Nous n'avons plus qu’un mois de Provisions et vous
aves peu de certitude de trouver asses de Chariots pour nous Soutenir et
pousser en avant.
468
4 September 1758
II y a deux articles dans votre Lettre Sur lesquels je prens la liberte de
vous presenter mes objections. L'un que si nous ne pouvons procurer de
nouveatix Chariots, nous devoirs tirer le meilleur Party de ceux que nous
avoirs; Je crois que nous ire pouvons rien faire du tout avec ce petit
Nonrbre et que bien loin de pouvoir former des Magazins ils ne Suffisent
pas pour la Consumption Journaillere: et qu’a la fin par leur decay nous
Serions exposes a manquer de vivres et a nous retirer.
L’autre point regarde les delais auxquels nous Sommes forces par le
deffaut de Chariots: II ne paroit point que les Ennemis ayent encore un
gros Corps d’Indiens, routes les Intelligences s’accordent Sur ce Point qui
Ton en voit tres peu autour du Fort, et ils ne nous ont jamais fort
incommodes; S’lls les tiennent en arriere pour Sauver leurs Provisions,
comme il est fort apparent, Ils ne les feront point venir que nous
n’avancions, et S’ils viennent alors ils pourront toujours les retenir un
mois durant la Crise de I’Expedition, dans ce Cas nos delais nous font
plus de mal qu’a Eiix, parce que nous avons tons nos gens a nourir.
Pour la raison du traite- Sur Pied avec les Indiens, II me senrble que
la nreilleure facon de traiter avec Eux est au moment ou nous avons les
nroyens de les chatier, et par la disposition d’Espnt et de Lieu de ceux
qui Sont etablis Sur I’Olrio; Ils n’oseront jamais quitter les frangois, S’ils
ne nous voyent pas en Etat et a portee de les battre, Et en ce cas encore
un delay nous est nuisible.
Mais deux autres Raisons me paroissent encore plus fortes. L’un que
I’armee commence visiblenP a S’ennuyer et S’impatienter. Leur ardeur
S’evapore et je crains que bientot le mecontentem- ne Soit Suivi de
mtirmures, et d’autres facheuses Consequences. Ma derniere Raison est
d’lin grand Poids pour moy parce qu’elle concerne votre Reputation:
L’Angleterre et I’Amerique ont les yeux fixes Sur vous. Des trois Expe-
ditions I’line'^ a echoue, L’autre'^ a [Succedejt reussi, mais tons ont agi,
et nous restons dans I’lnaction; II est facheux d’etre reduit a la Justifica-
tion et quand on a a traiter avec le Public, Toutes les Raisons du Monde
ne les Satisfoit pas quand il est deceu dans Son attente.
Que repondrons nous a leurs Cris.? Que nous manquons de Chariots.
Ils diront qu'il est bien extraordinaire qu'etant avec 6000 depuis 3 mois
dans line Province qui a autant et plus de Chariots que nous n’avons
d’homes, [avecjt et ayant le Pouvoir de les presser [que]t nous nous
en laissions manquer. Ils n’entreront pas dans le detail des difficultes nous
Serons condamnes generalement sur ce Point: Si nous alleguons la force
Superieure de I’Ennemy on nous demandera ou nous les avons vus, et
si Sur des Rapports une Armee reste en arriere, Et quels Ennemis? des
Sauvages que [nous avons ]t I’on a vu [S’onjt fui're au premier coup
de fusil tire dans I’Armee du Nord! Pardonnes moy la liberte
t Stricken out.
4 September 1758
469
que je prends de vous [ecnre]t representer les objets Sous une face Si
desagreable. Je crois que [d est due]t mon premier devoir est de vous
faire connoitre le vray, [Je vous dois faire I’indiquer [?]]t Sans agrraver
le mal [par les flateriesjt en le palliant: Je vous Suis Sincerem* attache
par devoir comme a mon General, mais beaucoup plus par I’lmpression que
[vous avesjt fait Sur moy [par]t la Confiance entiere dont vous m’aves
honore, et vos excellens Precedes dans tout le Cours de cette affaire.
Apres avoir approfondi le mal: II faut tacher de trouver le Remede;
Tout consiste a avoir des Chariots, Ce point obtenu Tout le reste est a
votre disposition: Par le Choix des Posts, des Retranchemens et des
precautions necessaires, vous pouves vous Soutenir a la harbe meme de
I’Ennemy, et vous Assurer I’avantage de le combattre S’il vous donne
beau Jeu, ou I’obliger a vous attaquer avec tous les desavantages possibles.
[Apres avoir abattu ce Sujet de tous cotesjt Pour y parvenir, Je ne
[tra]t . . . vois rien de mieux que de faire usage en meme terns de trois
moyens dift'erens.
R Continuer a negotier pour obtenir de gre a gre autant de Chariots
que I’on pourra, en y employant tous les Sujets qui ont quelque Credit
avec le Peuple, et prenant toutes les mesures possibles pour rassurer les
Fermiers Sur leur Payment [leurjt en leur donnant quelque argent en
avance, Sur le deffaut de fourages, en [contractantft Stipulant qu'ils
S’en pourvoiront eux memes, ou bien en recevront une telle quantite a
telle Place, et enhn Sur les mauvais traitemens, en faisant imprinter vos
ordres a tous les offlciers qui Commandent les Escortes de ne point Se
meler de la direction des Chariots, de Laisser ce Soin aux Wagonmasters,
et Se Borner uniquement, a les couvrir et les defendre.
2^ Le Second moyen Seroit de [employer]! donner a Sir John les
Troup es qui Sont au dela de la Susquehanna pour presser dans tous les
Quartiers refractaires, et d’ou la force Seule peut obtenir des Chariots,
les redtiire en Brigades, faire mettre leurs Harnois en bon Etat a leurs
depense et les fournir de fourage.
3^ Le troisieme qui me paroit le plus conforme a la Constitution aux
Circonstances, et au bien du Service parce qu’il Servira toujours egale-
ment, Seroit Si vous I'approuves d’eenre au Gouverneur une Lettre'^
tres forte pour rassembiee representens La ruine de L'Expedition et la
necessite de vous retirer Si vous nTbtenes des Chariots pour nounr
I’armee, y joindre tin Calcul des Vivres [necessaires]! pour I’Entretien
de 6000: Exposer tous les moyens que vous aves tente sans Success, et
demander que Tassemblee passe une Loy qui oblige Sans distinction ni
Exemption tout homme qui a tin Chariot dans toute I'Etendue de la
Province de le fournir pour tin Setil Voyage et au Prix hxe, lors(|u'il en
t Stricken out.
470
4 September 1758
Sera requis Sous peine d'une amende de £ 20, ou £ 30 et imposant la
meme penalite a tout Magistrat, Juge a Paix, Constables ou autres qui
refuseroient ou negligeroient de faire executer la Loy.
Si Tassemblee refuse votre demande, Cette Lettre publique Sera votre
Justification, et Si vous echoues il repondront des Consequences. Cette
Lettre [ Publique] t devroit etre precedee ou accompagnee de quelques
Lettres particulieres aux principaux membres de I’assemblee, comme
Mess?® Norris, Allen, Fox, Hughes pour les convaincre de la necessite
de cette mesure decisive, qui Sans opprimer aucun Parti [san?] Sauvera
leur Province.
Et comme la Lettre la plus detaillee [ne vaut pasjt dit moins qu’un
Jour de conversation, J’ay pense de vous envoyer le Paymaitre Young®
qui me paroit [faitjt propre a negotier cette affaire. II a ete temoin de
notre Situation, et la peindra vivement a Philad? II n’est pas proprement
dans I’armee, et Son temoignage en aura plus de Poids: Si vous trouvee
a propos de Femplo^'er, II devroit avoir quelques Instructions par Ecrit et
de Bouche: L’assemblee reprend Ses operations le 14® Cour^ et dans deux
Jours cette affaire pourroit passer et vous mettre a I’aise pour toujours.
Lay fait les dispositions necessaires pour la marche du Col Wash dont
je vous rendrai Compte en detail a votre arrivee, II lui faudra 28 Chariots
210 Chevaux de Bat, 50 Boeufs, et il aura Coups a tirer, [et]t 6 Semaines
de Provisions, des Outils pour se retrancher Sa marche [Serajt peut
etre couverte par [un Moyen fort Simple, ]t un Corps de 500 homes qui
Se rendra d’un ou trois Jours devant luy de notre poste avance au
[S . . . L]® et I’aidra a faire Son retrenchem? Ses malades resteront a
Cumberland ou on leur envoyera un Chirurgien, des drogues, et quelques
fournitures, n’ayant pas de quoy les loger icy. Ils n’ont plus que pour 12
Jours de farine.
Je pars demain matin pour le Poste avance; quoi que je ne craigne
rien de ce cote la, Je Suis charme que vous me permetties de le reconnoitre,
je ne les quitterai qu’apres les avoir vus bien a I’abny^ d’un Coup de main,
et avoir assure la Communication.
Le L* Col. Dagworth)" est marche aujourdhuy avec 300 homes choisis
rant de Son Corps que des Lower Countys, et 40 Rangers de N. Caroline
[ Je les [pi . . ..N It avec 50 Indiens. Je les portiray en avant pour couvrir
notre Tete, et ils pousseront tons les Jours de quels Partys jusqu’aux
Postes de I’Ennemy, [afin de]t pour nous informer a terns de tons leurs
mouvemens.
Eenvot^eray le Rebut des Troupes de Maryland, Lower Contes et N.
Caroline pour [le gr]t relever les bons homes qui Sont [Sur les]t a
t Stricken out.
4 September 1758
471
Loudoun et Littleton: Et ne laisserai au dela des Montagnes qu'un
Corps Suffisant pour etre [audessusjt a couvert d'une attaque jusqu’a
ce que nous puissions y former des Magazins.
[no signature]
[TRANSLATION]
Sir,
This morning I received your letter of the 2nd4 My hope of seeing
you here soon, greatly diminishes my worries about the critical position
we are in. We have no more than a month’s provisions, and you have
little certainty of getting enough wagons to sustain us and to push ahead.
There are two topics in your letter, about which I take the liberty
to present my objections. One is that if we cannot procure new wagons,
we should take the best part of what we have. I think that we can do
nothing at all wdth such a small number; and that, vert' far from being
able to establish storehouses, they would not be enough for the daily
consumption; and that, finally, by their wearing out we should be liable
to run short of provisions, and forced to retreat.
The other point concerns the delays forced upon us by the shortage of
wagons. It does not appear that the enemy still has a large body of
Indians; all the reports agree on this point, as very few are seen around
the fort, and they have never bothered us very much. If they are keep-
ing them in the rear to save their provisions, as is very likely, they will
not have them to come until we advance; and if they come then, they
can always keep them for a month during the crisis of the expedition.
In that case, our delays are worse for us than for them, because we have
all our men to feed.
As regards the negotiation" on foot with the Indians, it seems to me
that the best way of dealing with them is at the time w'hen we have
the means of chastising them; and by the mental attitude and location
of those settled on the Ohio, they would never dare to desert the French,
if they did not see us prepared and ready to beat them; and in this
case, too, a delay would be harmful to us.
But two other reasons seem still stronger to me. One is that the army
is beginning to become visibly bored and impatient. Their ardor is
cooling, and I am afraid that the discontent may very soon be followed
by murmurs and other annoying consequences. My last reason is of
great weight with me because it concerns your reputation. England and
America have eyes fixed on you. Of the three expeditions, one^ has
failed, the other^ has succeeded; but all have acted, and we are remaining
t Stricken out.
472
4 September 1758
inactive. It is annoying to be reduced to self-justification, and when one
has to deal with the public, all the reasons in the world do not satisfy
them, when their expectations are disappointed.
How shall we answer their cries? That we are short of wagons. They
will say that it is very extraordinary that, located for 3 months with 6000
men m a province which has as many or more wagons than we have
men, and with authority to impress them, we should let ourselves run
short. They will not go into detail about the difficulties. We shall be
generally condemned on this point. If we allege the superior strength
of the enemy, they will ask us where we have seen them, and if an army
stays in the rear because of reports. And such enemies! Savages who
were seen to flee at the first gunfire in the Army of the North! Pardon
me for the liberty I am taking in showing the situation to you with such
a disagreeable aspect. I think that my first duty is to tell you the truth,
without heightening the evil by palliating it. I am sincerely attached to
you by my duty toward my general; but much more by the impression
made by the complete confidence, with which you have honored me,
and your excellent proceedings in the whole course of the affair.
After fathoming the malady, it is necessary to try to find the remedy.
Everything depends on having wagons. Once this point is obtained,
everything else is at your disposal. By the choice of posts, of entrench-
ments, and of the necessary precautions, you can maintain yourself m the
very teeth of the enemy, and assure yourself the advantage in fighting
him, if he gives you a good opportunity, or oblige him to attack you with
all possible disadvantages.
To succeed in this, I see nothing better than to make use of three
different means at the same time.
1. Continue to negotiate in order to obtain, little by little, as many
wagons as possible, by using all the men who have some credit with the
people; and taking all possible measures to reassure the farmers about
their pay, by giving them some money in advance; about the lack of
forage, by stipulating that they should provide it themselves, or rather
receive a certain quantity at a certain place; and, finally, about the bad
treatment, by having your orders printed for all the officers commanding
the escorts not to meddle with the management of the wagons, leaving
this job for tbe wagon masters, and limiting themselves solely to protect-
ing and defending them.
2. The second way would be to give Sir John the troops beyond the
Susquehanna, in order to levy in all the rebellious quarters, and where
force alone can obtain wagons; to reduce them to brigades, make them
put their harness in good condition at their own expense, and furnish
them with forage.
4 September 1758
473
3. The third, which seems to conform best to the circumstances, and
to the good of the service, because it will treat every one alike, would
be — if you approve — to write a very strong letter’^ to the governor for the
assembly, showing the ruin of the expedition, and the necessity of re-
treating, if you do not obtain the wagons necessary to feed the army,
including a calculation of the provisions for the maintenance of 6000.
It should reveal all the methods you have attempted without success,
and should demand that the assembly pass a law, obliging every man
who has a wagon, without distinction or exemption, in the whole extent
of the province, to furnish it for a single trip and at a fixed price, when
it is required, under penalty of a fine of 20 or 30 pounds; and imposing
the same penalty on every magistrate, justice of the peace, constable, or
others, who should refuse or neglect to execute the law.
If the assembly refuses your request, this public letter will be your
justification; and if you fail, it will answer for the consequences. This
letter should be accompanied or preceded by some individual letters to
the chief members of the assembly, like Messrs. Norris, Allen, Fox,
Hughes, etc., to convince them of the necessity for this decisive measure,
which will save their province without oppressing any party.
And as the most detailed letter tells less than a day’s conversation, I
thought of sending you Paymaster Young,® who seems suitable to handle
this matter. He has been a witness of our situation, and will describe it
vividly at Philadelphia. He doesn’t really belong to the army, and his
testimony will have more weight. If you find it wise to use him, he
should have some instructions, in writing and by word of mouth. The
assembly renews its operations on the 14th of the present month, and in
two days this matter could be passed, and put you at ease forever.
I have made the necessary arrangements for Colonel Wash 1 ington] ’s
march. I shall give you a detailed report on your arrival. He needs
28 wagons, 210 pack horses, 50 oxen, and he will have 100 cartridges, 6
weeks' provisions, tools for entrenching himself, etc. His march can be
covered by a corps of 500 men, who will go one or three days ahead of
him from our advance post" to [S . . . L], and will help him to make
his entrenchment. His invalids will stay at Cumberland, where thev will
be sent a surgeon, drugs, and some equipment, since we have no way
of lodging them here. They have no more than 12 days’ supply of flour.
I am leaving tomorrow for the advance post; although I fear nothing
in that direction, I am delighted that you permit me to reconnoiter it.
I shall not leave them until I have seen that they are fully protected
from a sudden attack, and have made sure of the communication.
Lieutenant Colonel Dagworthy marched today with 300 men, chosen
both from his corps and from the lower counties, with 40 North Carolina
Rangers and 50 Indians. I will send them ahead to cover our advance.
474
4 September 1758
and they will send out some parties every day as far as the enemy’s posts,
in order to inform us in time of their movements.
I shall send the leavings of the troops from Maryland, the Lower
Counties, and North Carolina to relieve the good men who are at Loudoun
and Littleton; and I shall leave beyond the mountains only a force
sufficient to protect us from an attack until we can establish storehouses
there.
[no signature]
* Original not found.
^Forbes to Bouquet, September 2, which see.
■ Council to be held at Easton, October 8.
^ Expedition against Fort Ticonderoga, under Abercromby, repulsed, July 8.
’ Second expedition against Louisburg, under Amherst. Capitulation on Juh^ 26.
®This letter was written by Forbes, September 9, and presented to the Assembly Sep-
tember 13. There is a copy in Prov. Rees., Q, 324. It is also printed in Col. Rees.,
VIII, 167-168, and in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 206-209.
" Capt. James Young. However, Forbes sent Sir John St Clair to Philadelphia. See
his letter to Denny, September 9, also Young’s to Bouquet, September 10.
' Loyalhanna.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21653, f. 363, A. C.]*
[Raystown, Sept. 4, 1758]
J’ay tache inutilement de vous Sauver le desagreement d’entendre
parler d’une affaire qui vous fera de la Peine. Sir John a mis aux arrets
le L* Col. Stephens. Je leur ecrivis^ a tons les deux pour [etre offrir celle
oi different]t accomoder ce difference. Le Col. Burd et le Major Grant
y ont egalement echouie [et le Se]t Je vous envoye les Lettres^ de ces
AJess” et comme Sir John va vous joindre il vous informera lui meme de
Ses Raisons. [Cette question a ete debattue fort au longjt Je vous prie
de m’envoyer vos ordres la dessus, parce que le Service souffre en at-
tendant, et que les divisions Sont mortelles. Cette question a ete Si
Souvent debattiie que Mt Glen pourra vous en dire routes les particularites.
II sera [indijt absolument necessaire a la Sante des Troupes de leur
donner un peu de liqueur Au de la des Montagnes, [Soldatsjf Le Soldat
travaillera gayment pour gagner Son Guill, et e’est la une de tons Notre
Provisions n’est [presque]t pas Suffisante a beaucoup pres.
[no signature]
[Endorsed] Copy of a Letter to the General this 4*’’ Sep* by Sir John
t Stricken out.
4 September 175S
475
[TRANSLATION]
I have tried in vain to spare you from hearing of this disagreeable
aflFair which will cause you grief. Sir John has placed Lt. Col. Stephens
under arrest. I have written’- to both of them m an attempt to adjust
the difference. Col. Burd and Major Grant have also failed in this. I
am sending you the letters’’ from these gentlemen, and as Sir John is
going to join you, he will inform you of his reasons. I beg you to send
me your orders on this affair, as the service suffers in the meantime be-
cause of the fatal misunderstanding. This question has been so much
talked of that Mr. Glen will be able to give you all the facts.
It will be absolutely necessary for the health of the troops to give them
a little liquor beyond the mountains. A soldier will work cheerfully to
earn his gill, and that is one of all our supplies we are sadly lacking.
* Original not found.
^ See Bouquet to St. Clair, August 28. Bouquet’s letter to Stephen not found.
'Stephen to Bouquet, August 26, and St. Clair to Bouquet, August 27, which see.
BOUQUET TO WASHINGTON
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 57, C.]‘
Reas Town Camp 4*'' September 1758
Dear Sir,
I detained your Express in Expectation of receiving a Letter’ from
the General which is just come to hand, he sets out to day, and orders
me to go to our advanced Post, where there is some appearance of an
attack, and as soon as their Intrenchments are raised, and the necessary
dispositions made for the Communication I am to return here. It seems
by his Intelligences that the French expects a large Body of Indians from
beyond the Lakes and as it is not in their Power to keep them long,
he judges that they could be prevailed upon to make a Push at our Head.
He desires me to inform you that the Militia of Maryland and Governor
Sharp himself will be the IQl’' at Cumberland, where you will leave no
Body who is able to go upon the Expedition. That Militia is to be
Victualled, and to have some Liquor;
As we have no Accomodation here for your Sick, you will leave them
in the Fort, where I shall send a Surgeon and Medicines, with furnitures
of the General Hospital. Please to let me Know their Number: and to
order a Sufficient Number of Women to attend them as Nurses, they
will be paid.
I cannot fix the day of your March as it depends on two things out of
my Power, the arrival of the General, and a sufficient Number of Waggons,
to send }'ou from here Provisions, Tools Liquor
476
4 September 1758
I am sensible that your March would be more Expeditious had you
only carrying Horses, but we have no Kaggs for Pork, nor Boxes for the
Tools, therefore you must have at least 28 Waggons which will be chosen
among the best, they will not make a long line.
Your march will be covered by our advanced Post and 300 of the
best Woodsmen, and the Indians who are marched today under Command
of Colonel Dagworthy, and are to be advanced nearer to the fort,
keeping continually Spyes and little Party's about it to give Intelligence
of the Enemys Motions, when you are upon your March. I will propose
to the General to send 500 Men from our deposite to take post at Salt
Licks and help 3mu to Eortify 3mur Camp.
I hear that the most dangerous place for an attack upon you would
be from Red Stone Creek as the Enemy has Boats and w'ould go up
Monongahela. It would therefore not be improper to have that side
Reconnoitre’d before 3mu march b3" and as it is at a great distance off
the Road 3^11 would have time to make the necessar3'' dispositions and
prevent a Surprise the onh’ thing I am m fear of with our New Soldiers.
Here is the Calculation I make of 3mtir ammunition and Provisions
20 Rounds carried bi each Man, and 80 in Reserve will require
24 Barrells of Powder in 2 Waggons
53 Boxes of Musquet Balls ) a ao
Flints i
Tools 2 d”
Liquor and Salt 2 d*?
20,000^ of Pork for 4 Weeks 16 d®
Rice 1 d"
42,000^ of Flour 210 Horses
50 Heads of Cattle
I make the Computation for a Thousand Effective including the Wag-
goners, Drivers &■ and I propose 4 Weeks of Pork; as I think live Cattle
a very Pernicious thing.
If I have ommitted any Article I beg you will let me know it. We are
entirely stoped for want of Waggons and if it is possible to get any in
Yirg“ and Maryland, they would be of infinite Service; We have a Con-
siderable quantity of Forrage on the South Branches^ which they could
carry to Cumberland.
I am very Sorr3r of Colonel Bvrd’s indisposition I hope he will be able
to march with his Regiment, my best wishes attends him I desired
4 September 1758 477
Colonel Mercer^ who will have the Command here to inform you of the
Generals Arrival.
I am with a Sincere regard Dear Sir
Your most obed^ Humbl S-
Henry Bouquet
Colonel Washington
[Endorsed] Letter writen to Col. Washington 4-^ SepB
* Printed in Hamilton, Letters to Washington. Ill, 82-85.
^ Forbes to Bouquet, September 2, which see.
“South Branches of the Potomac and Youghiogheny rivers.
“ Col. Hugh Mercer.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 161, A. L, S.]*
[Shippensburg, Sept. 4, 1758]
Sir.
AT Hoops arrived late last night and gave me yours. ^ I am sorry you
meet with so many cross accidents to vex you, and that you have such
a parcell of Scoundrells as the provincialls to work with. Mais Le vin est
tire &c- 5mu must drop a little of the gentleman and treat them as they
deserve, and pardon no remissness in duty, as few or any serve from
any principles but the low sordid ones.
I fancy you will judge as I do, that the Ennemy may endeavour to
surprize our advance posts, and therefore all Care and precaution to
prevent them, or indeed letting them gain any advantage over any of our
out post, or Scouting partys, wdiich with our Hero’s might have a bad
effect, as by what I see they are not farr, from a pannick.
Aly Highlanders here are vastly mended and ten times more steady
and Cautious, by the Chacing of the Indians these 10 days, and lying
out at nights. I am thoroughly convinced had I not been here, every
bitt of this town and neighbourhood had been burnt but wee are now
quite tranquille. I wish 3mur partys could fall in with them on their
return, altho tmu see I am at present very Cautious, untill the meeting
at East town® be over. As wee might break all measures, bj' falling on
those inclined to be our Friends.
Seal and send off the enclosed express'* to S‘‘' John® bj" some sure hand.
He is a verjr odd Alan, and I am sorry it has been my fate to have any
Concerns with him. But more of this hereafter. I agree with you that
a Disposition ought to be made for marching forward. But still that
must be consider’d, as likewise the march of the Virginians as I am affraid
our Arm}^ will not admitt of Divisions least one half meet with a Cheque.
478
6 September 1758
therefore would consult C: Washington, altho perhaps not follow his
advice, as his Behaviour about the roads, was no ways like a Soldier.
I thank my Good Cousin® for his letter and have only to say, that I
have all my life been subject to err, but I now reform as I go to bed at
8 at night, if able to sett up so late.
Adieu my D'' S*^ and believe me
Y"'® most sincerely
Forbes
I have receiv’d all your letters very safe. Nor have I neglected any thing
you recommended, altho perhaps I may have forgott to acquaint you.
Shippensburgh Sep'' d*''
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] Sept, the 4'**
[Addressed] Col: Bouquet
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 198-199.
'Bouquet to Forbes, August 31, which see.
^“but the wine is poured, etc.” — i. e., “but we can’t stop now.”
" Indians were already assembling at Easton for the conference, October 8-26.
' Contents not found.
“James Glen. His letter not found.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 201, A, L. S.]
Camp at Loyal Hennon 6^^ September 1758
Dear sir,
I had the pleasure to Receive your favours^ last night p LieuI Mathews^
of the Maryland troops. It gives me great Satisfaction that the Gen-
has approv’d of the Advanced Post propos’d, & I shall take possession of
it exactly in the Manner you derect
Major Grant March’d from hence yesterday Morning at 5 A: M
with 300 men, & 1 officer & 9 of the light horse, Mr. Rohr went with
him, they will return here tonight, the Artilery are likwise on their
march to this place from The Clear feelds I expect them here today, the
Troops here are all Employed on the Breast work & hope they will finish
tonight. We have been Extreamly interrupted & disconfeted with Con-
tinuall hard Rains & the weather does not appear Altogeither settled yet;
If the Major, & the Artilery, arrives here tonight, shall be able to march
to take up the New Post on Friday, but you will observe by the Inclosed
return of Provisions, that unless we Receive Immediate supplys we shall
Coll: Bouquet
6 September 1758
479
be in want of Provisions, But I must acknowledge I am under no great
uneasiness as I can safely depend upon your unwearied attention to
prevent my being in want; the Officer^ &: party I sent to Queemahony
for flour arrived here yesterday &: brought 131 horse load, the horses I
shall carry forward w* me & Immediately return you not only the pack
horses, but all the Bat horses of the Detauchem^ with a particular Account
of them, the Wagons likwise as soon as the Communication is open’d in
which there shall be no time lost. Sunday the Troops were employed
upon the Encampment Mr. Rohr had formerly seen but upon reconnoiter-
ing we found a very fine peice of Ground naturally strong being high
& haveing the Creek on the one side, and a fine spring on the other, just
under our works, we evacuated the old ground, & began our breast
work on the New, on Munday Morning; I will have the troops in the
breast work at 10 A; M today; when Mr Rohr returns I will send you
a draught of this (I really will say) fine place. I have had the ground
Reconnoitered 6: can find no place to make hay, neither can I find the
CoaP
Inclosed is a General Return'^ of the Detauchm*^ as likwise the returns
of each Corps, from which it was taken. I shall Continue to send you
them once a week, or as often as you think propper to detect. I alsoe
inclose you the return*’' of Provisions on this spot, the troops are served
for the 6*'“ and 7*'* Inst:
I am sorry to observe the Demmition of The Troops of the Province
of Pensylvama, but am much more so, at the poultry’ Behaviour of some
of the Officers, and I can’t help taking notice that their self suffitient
Opinion of themselves Only tends to Expose their folly, and it is with
regreat that I see them too wise to be taught
Yesterday Capt"'* Eeeld, Posy, & APClaggan® joined me with their
Companys have® finish’d the Road to this place shall send you a return
of their Comp'* in my nixt
I am glad you expect the Gen* soon. I hope of Consequence I May
[very soonjt Expect to have the pleasure of j'our Company in a little
time which will be very aggreable As soon as the Artilery &: Major Grant
arrives I shall Rejoice for the taking of Louisburg the Carrying horses has
terrible sore backs & are v'ert' weak
I am most sincerely
Dear Sir,
Your most affect: freind &: obed* humble Serv^
J.AMES Burd
t Stricken out.
' Probably Bouquet’s letter of September 1, which see.
^ A lieutenant of Capt. Richard Pearis’ company.
480
7 September 1758
^ Not identified.
■* Sea coal. See Bouquet to Burd, August 23.
Not found.
Not found.
' English dial., “childish."’
""Captains John Field, John Posey, and John McClughan.
Sir
BARNSLEY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 202, A. L. S.]
Albany the 7"' September 1758
By Order of Major Ttilleken I send you A Return^ of six Companys
of the Batt" Royal Americans for August and as there has been
some promotions made since I saw you last, have inclos’d a Return^ of
the officers with the date of thier Commissions as they now stand, only
the last promotions I have not yet got thier dates, but I know they are
all dated the Latter End of July^
I Likewise take this Oppertunity to Acquaint you that Gen'' Aber-
cromby has apointed James Abercromby Esq’’ who Lives in Craven street
in the strand London, to be our Agent in the place of AT Calcraft.'*
I am told that Gen" Abercromby is getting Everything ready at the
Lake m order to have the other Attack at Carriloun’’ as Soon as he is
Reinforc'd from Louisburgh; which Reinforcment is Expected hourly, in
which I hope he will have better Success than he had the last time."
The French Indians are not so forward in scouting as they us’d to be,
before Major Rogers had the last skirmish with them; it is Remarkable
in that Attack of Rogers’ that he was Surpris’d by about 600 of the
French who lay in Ambush watching of Rogers party which Consisted
of About the same Number Shooting of Pidgeons as they went along
the woods for thier diversion that upon the first fire all the provincials
Commanded by Major Putman,^ and most of Rogers own Rangers ran
away when about Sixty Regulars with 100 Light Infantry stood the
Brunt of four Fires from the French before Rogers could Rally them
again and that A party of the French & Indians who had taken post
behind A Tree that had fallen down; the Regulars and Light Infantry
Advanc’d and Flank’d the Tree; beat them off and took possesion of the
Contrarv Side, then some fresh Troops came up close to the tree, and
After their Fire w'as discharg’d on Each side they fell on with the Butts
of thier Firelocks and pulling one another over for prisoners, when Major
Rogers came up with the troops he had Rallied. A stout Engagement
To Co' Bouquet
7 September 1758
481
insued for some time till the French Retired Leaving behind them About
100 Kill’d on the spot 40 of which was Indians one of Which was A Sachem
who had behav'd m very Extraordinary manner during the Attack at the
tree as Soon as our people had fired he Leap’d upon it and Kill'd two men
himself upon which A Regular officer belonging to Young Murrays'^
Struck at his head with his Fuzee, but could not knock him down though
he made his head bleed, and as he was going to kill the officer with his
Tomhawk he was Shot by Major Rodgers after Standing on the Tree
a Considerable time, had several blows with Firelocks which could not
move him, this Sachem was 6 foot 4 Inches high proportionably made,
in Short he was the Largest Indian Ever Rogers Saw, this affair has been
of great service to us as one of the Leadingst Partisans belonging to the
French was kill’d at the same time and has made them very back ward
in thier Scouting ever Since.
I saw A Letter this day from Gen*' Stanwix to the Major who tells him
that Co' BroadstreeC has taken Fort Frontoniackp® Alias Cadarughque,
and Made about A Hundred and Forty prisoners with 60 peices of Cannon
16 Mortars with Amunition in abundance A Large Quantit}^ of Furs and
Skins a great deal of goods that was designd for presents to the Indians
2000 Barrels of provissions that was design'd for thier Southern army;
Nine Vessels carrying from Eighteen to Eight Guns seven of which he
has destroyd, &: two of the Largest he has brought to Oswego; this affair
makes a good Deal of Noise here; as that place was Reckond of such
Consequence to the Erench; I am afraid I have Transgressd by making
such A Long Letter therefore asks your pardon
I heartilj" wish you Success in 5'our Lhidertakings
And am Sir
Your Most Humble and Most Obedient servant
Tho® Barnsley
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] L'" Barnsle}’ 7"* Sep*
[Addressed] To Colonel Henry Bouquet
^ Not found.
■ Not found.
® Lists of these commissions and promotions, as issued by Abercromby, are in P. R. 0.,
W. 0. 1, Vol. I, pp. 347-350 and 421-424.
Mohn Calcraft (1726-1772;, army agent and contractor for British forces. Consult
DNB.
'^Carillon, or Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake George.
“Unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga, July 8,
'Major Israel Putnam (1718-1790), serced as captain with Rogers' Rangers, was
promoted to major in 1758, and to lieutenant colonel, in 1759. Consult DAB.
^Probably Capt. James Murray, commissioned, Jul}', 1757, in the 42nd Regiment.
"Capt. John Bradstreet.
“Fort Frontenac.
482
9 September 1758
BOUQUET TO JAMES SINCLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. S7, A. Df.]*
Loyal Hannon, 9“* Sept^ 1758
Sir
I am Sorry to tell you that the Road is a most infernal one, The Pack
Horses are m a bad Condition, and I begin to be uneasy about the Sub-
sistance of the Troops here unless you receive fresh Waggons and Carry-
ing horses under the Care of better dryvers
I desire you will review all the Pack Horses and not depend upon
other People’s Raport; discharge all what is lost, or unfit for Service, &
form the rest m Brigades, which are no more to be broken.
The Regiments will return all theirs, and for the future have their
Bagage carried in a march in the Proportion of 4 horses to Each 100 men
and that Service done those horses and drivers must return to their Bri-
gades and no more be lefft with the Reg^®
I Shall Send you the Return of all the Pack Horses on this Side of
Allegheny, as Soon as I can get it, and let you know the number that
will be kept here for daily Services, by which you will be able to judge of
the effective number remaining in the Service.
Those lost are to be discharged from the day they were lost, and if
found again, reentered m the Service if fit for it.
I have found w*‘' great Surprise that in heu of carrying 200w of flour as
ordered. The Baggs upon an average don’t weigh 130w. I Send you a
list^ of Some that you may compare them w'‘^* NP Clarke’s- Books, and dis-
cover where the fault lays:
For the future the [ loads ]t weight must be marked upon Each Load
and Specified in the Invoices Any Horse not able to carry 200w or 160
can not do for the Service.
I beg you will Send us without delay all the Waggons and Pack horses
that will come to you, allowing them one or tw^o days rest at Reas Town.
We must have 200 Beeves or that quantity that can be furnished,
flour. Bread, salt, forrage, Indian Corn, and Liquor.
Iron is much wanted and flints. Please to desire Cap* Hay^ to Send us
Some.
The Waggons Sent back w'ants Rest before they are able to come again.
More good Pack Horses Should be got if possible to replace those lost
or discharged w*'* better Saddles or Pads.
To Cap* Sinclair
f Stricken out.
9 September 1758
483
Cap* CallenclaC must punish or confine all the dryvers who by their
Neglegt have hutted the Horses and the Horse Masters exert more au-
thority over their unruly People.
Some of the Bullocks have weighed 170w and in the General Compu-
tation M"" Clarke Supposes them 300w one w**' another: which with the
mistake of the Baggs of flour and great waste by Rains and neglegt has
reduced our Stock here to nothing.
I hope that you have received some Pork without which, We can not
carry on the Service.
[no signature]
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Letter written to Cap* Sinclair
Sent the 11-**
* Original not found.
^ Not found.
^Daniel Clark.
®Capt. David Hay.
^Capt. Robert Callender.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Loyalhanna, Sept. 9, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, Sep-
tember 15. Apparently the letter contained orders regarding the repair of bridges and
roads.
FORBES TO DENNYi
[Provincial Records, Q, p. 324, C.]*
Fort Loudoun Septem'’ 9*** 1758.
Sir,
I have the Honour of laying before you the Situation of His Majesty’s
Affairs under my Direction in these Southern Provinces, at this Critical
Juncture, and at the same time to shew you how much it depends on you
and the People of this Province to Assist m carrying on a Service which
His Majesty has so much at Heart or, by their Neglect and Obstinacy
have it in their Power to render every step that has been taken (for the
safety of these Colonies) fruitless, and to no Purpose, but to expend a
very great Sum of Money.
The laying in Provisions for the Support of the Army I attempted to do
without even being obliged to impress any Carriages. The Quantity of
Provisions to have been Collected at our principal Magazine has fallen
greatly short of what I had reason to expect, because most of the Wag-
gons were not Loaded with more than Fourteen Hundred Weight and took
484
9 September 1758
a Third more time in the Carriage than they ought to have done, which
obliged us to break in upon the Stock of Provisions laid in at Rays Town,
while the Troops were opening a Road over the Mountains, and Securing
its Communication, which is now effectually done to within Forty Miles
of the French Fort,- so that if the Inhabitants who have Waggons are
not Obliged to furnish a Sufficient Number of them, who m one Trip to
Rays Town might Transport the Quantity of Provisions wanted, and
where they may receive Payment for the Trip, at a just and equitable
Price to be fixed by Authority in Proportion to the Quantity of Provi-
sions so delivered, and to the Length of the Journey that they make, the
Expedition cannot go forward; nor can I maintain the Ground I am
already Master of, but shall be Obliged to draw off my Master’s Forces to
the inhabited Parts of the Country, and take Provisions and Carriages
wherever they can be found. I'he Evil which will Attend this Procedure
is, that the Innocent must Suffer with the Guilty, and the Exigence of
the Case is so pressing as to admit of no delay.
I know there has been several Complaints made of the Scarcity of
Forage, and that several Waggoners has been abused by Officers: If
there was any Scarcity of Forage, it was owing to the Want of Waggons
for Its I ransport; and no Driver ever made his Complaint but the Person
who abused him was punished; So that I am induced to believe every
Complaint of that kind is without foundation, and therefore shall not
further insist on a detailed Account of the Infamous Breach of Contract
on the Part of the Inhabitants.
I have sent to Philadelphia the Quarter Alaster General,^ who will ex-
plain to you fully the Situation of the Army. I should be Sorry to employ
him m executing any Violent Measures, which the Exigency of Affairs
I am m at Present must Compel me to do, if I am not relieved by a
Speedy Law for the Providing the Army with Carriages, or a general Con-
currence of Magistrates, and People of Power in those Provinces, in as-
sisting, to their Utmost, to provide the Same, and that with the greatest
Diligence.
Every thing is ready for the Army’s Advancing; but that I cannot do,
unless I have a Sufficient Quantity of Provisions in the Vlagazines at
Rays Town. The Road that Leads from the Advanced Posts to the French
Fort, may be Opened as fast as a Convoy can march it; therefore my
movement Depends on His Majesty’s Subjects entering chearfully in
carrying up the necessary Provisions. The new Road has been finished
without the Enemies knowing it The Troops having not Suffered the least
insult m the Cutting it.
And as one Trip of the Waggons will be Sufficient for carrying up Pro-
visions to Rays Town, they shall be paid off at that place for the Weight
they carry and discharged. When they arrive at Rays Town I shall have
9 September 1758
485
nothing to do, but proceed with the Army under my Command, which
hitherto have exerted themselves with the greatest Vigor and Spirit, in
the great Labour they have undergone. I have done every thing, m the
Power of Man, to carry on this Expedition with Vigor; if any stop is
made to it now, there can be no part laid to my Charge; For this Stop
you know I have long dreaded, as Six Weeks ago I wrote circular Letters’*
to the Different Magistrates to give all their Aid and Assistance in pro-
curing Waggons, to the Contractor’s Agents for Transporting Provisions,
and that nothing has been neglected, that Occur to me for expediting this
so necessary Branch of the Service.
I need not repeat to you the care I have hitherto been at to prevent
our Parties from falling upon the Indians, lest, by mistake it might have
fallen upon those who are any wise well disposed to us, and who are, I
hope by this Time at Easton to meet you, where I hope you will, as soon
as possible bring Things to an Issue letting the Indians know that the
Regard I had for them has been the only Reason why I had not long ago
fallen upon their Towns, Wives, and Children; but that now I could
no longer Stop from putting in Execution the Orders of the King, my
Master, against his Enemies, and all who joined with them.
As you will see M’' Croghan, you will he so good as to send with
those who will follow, up to me as soon as possible; and pray, as soon as
you can form any Idea how matters are likely to turn out, let me know
by Express. And I beg your Sentiments, as to my Proceedings if God
grant us Success, against the Enemy. You see the Difficulty of leaving a
Garrison there, and you know how your Province have put it out of my
Power of leaving any of their Troops after the first of December; so I am
really at a Loss what Step I must take.
I have the Honour to he
Sir your most Obed* and Hum® Serv*
John Forbes.
P: S: As I am willing to embrace every Measure for Carrying on the
Service, I have wrote’’ to Several of the Members of the Assembly to
desire their Assistance in relation to Carriages, as I suppose you may
think it proper to Lay my Letter before them.
* Printed in Pa. Arch., Series 8, VI, 4829-4832, and Col. Rees., VIII, 167-169. Original
not found.
^This letter was written at Bouquet’s suggestion, and was laid before the Assembly
on September 13. See Bouquet to Forbes, September 4.
“Fort Duquesne.
“Sir John St. Clair.
■' Not found.
“ Not found.
486
10 September 1758
BOSOMWORTH TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 17, A. L. S.]
Camp at Rays Town 10^'’ Sept^ 1758
Dear Sir/
The day^ you left the Camp the Interpreter- to the Indians was taken
very dl of a Fever and stdl continues dangerous which has been in some
measure the Cause of my Detention here ever since, tho’ the Indians
waited in expectation of seeing the General, who they were told would
certainly be here last night, &: indeed when they asked me I told them I
was of that Opinion; however I find by Capt" Young who arrived here
yesterday in the afternoon, that it is all Amusement and (from the Vio-
lence of his Disorder) there is no Possibility of his reaching this place
at all, therefore propose marching to morrow or the next day at farthest
with all the Cherokee & Ohio Indians to join the others at the Advanced
Post.® I shall he obliged to leave the Interpreter behind which Pm sorry
for. All the Indian Goods which I have no immediate use for I have
lodged m the King’s Stores and taken a Receipt for the Packages.
Inclosed you have a rough Draught^ of the Talk I have given the Ohio
Indians which I flatter myself will meet with your approbation. I tbink
It IS consistent witb tbe Heads you gave me for that Purpose, and I hope
can be attended with no ill Consequences. They seem well disposed and
I have great expectations of Service from them, when I have the Pleasure
of seeing you shall say more on that Subject. We have a Report in a
letter® from Philad'^ that General Wolfe is actually arrived at NYork with
8000 men & on his march to join Gen' Abercromby. I am
Good Sir
Your most Obed' Hble Serv5
[A.] Bosomworth
Col* Bouquet.
NB. Whilst I was writing this three of AT Glen’s favourite Indians packt
up their Bundles & marched home & I much doubt whether Bhnky® the
head of that Party whom he esteemed his Indians & always so Zealous
for the Service wont do the same thing.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Indian affairs
^ Probably Tuesday, September 5. In his letter to Forbes, September 4, Bouquet an-
nounced his intention of leaving next day.
^ Not identified.
^ Loyalhanna.
* Bosomworth's draft and Bouquet's memorandum for the talk were not found.
Not found.
“ Not identified.
10 September 1758
BOUQUET TO HARRY GORDON
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 62, C]*
487
To Cap* Gordon
First Engineer
Sir
Loyal Hannon's Camp 101*' Sept* 1758
as I must inform the General of the State of the Roads from the Alle-
gheny to this Post, I desire you will give me in writing* your observa-
tions, and opinion, [as well in regard ]t of the Situation of the Redoute
[[about] It the bridges, Sc other particulars; and I beg you will be the
more explicite as they do in no Part answer my Expectation, nor the
Raport made to me before I Saw them
I am
[no signature]
[Endorsed] Copy of a Letter to Cap* Gordon 10**' Sept* 1758
* Original not found,
t Stricken out.
^ See Gordon to Bouquet, September 10.
Sir
HARRY GORDON TO BOETQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 208, A. L. S.]
Camp at Loyal Hannan 10*'* Sept* 1758
In Obedience to your Orders' I subjoin my Opinion concerning the
State of the Road and Situation of the Posts, as I found them in coming
to this Place.
With Regard to the Road It was so bad as to be the very next Thing,
to being impracticable for Waggons. The Course of it in my Opinion
might have been in several Places easier directed — very superficially
workt, and the Bridges (the common Fault) ill paved, and the Pavement
not carried far enough on the Sides. The bad Weather made them appear
worse but Pains enough have not been taken in making of them.
The Situation of the Redoubts (when my Opinion is desired) I doe not
approve of. That on the Top of the Allegheny should have had a Front
to the Gap — and in the Gap water might have been had contiguous, and
the Fire might have commanded the rising Grounds on each Side and
better protected the passing the Gap to which, where the Redoubt- is
at present it can be of no Assistance.
I likewise think one Post between tbe Mountains sufficient besides a
small one near the East Foot of the Laurel Hill. This Post had it been
488
10 September 1758
made at the Crossing of Stony Creek, would have been of Use to protect
the Crossing and more centrical than Kikeny Pawlins and more healthfull
and m many Respects the properest for the Center Post.
I am with great Respect Sir
Your most ohed* and most humble Servant
Harry Gordon
[Endorsed in Bouquet's Iiand-zvriting \ Cap*^ Gordon Upon the Roads
[Addressed] To Henry Bouquet Esq’' Colonel in R. A. Regiment Com-
manding The Troops on The Frontiers.
^ See Bouquet to Gordon, September 10.
■ Fort Devvart.
HUGH MERCER TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .Add. MSS. 21643, f. 204, A. L. S.]
Camp at Reas Town 10*'’ Sep* 1758
Sir,
Since the Sixth Ins' that I forwarded the Generals Letter* to you by
AP Shelby'* nothing worth communicating has reach’d us till last night
when M’' Young bro' the disagreeable account of the Generals relapsing
at Fort Loudon into his former Ailment. Give me leave to refer you
to Mr Young’s Letter'' for the particulars. Mr Glen* it seems lies sick at
Lyttleton & S’' John® proceeds to Phylad”.
Yesterday came into camp the light Horse Man" who was suspected of
deserting, he had missed his way and traversed the woods ever since. The
Letters* he brought from the Advanced posts are of no consequence now.
I am Sir
Your most obed' Servant
Hugh Mercer
The Roads from the Shawnese Cabbins into Camp are opened agreeable
to Your directions.
Colonel BoiKjuet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Mercer 10"’ Sept'
' Forbes to Bouquet, September 4, which see.
“Capt. Evan Shelby.
” Young to Bouquet, September 10, which see.
’James Glen.
’’Sir John St. Clair. See Young to Bouquet, September 10.
"Thomas Glen, express.
’’See Bouquet to Forbes, August 31.
10 September 1758
489
JAMES YOUNG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 206, A. L. S.]
Camp at Raystown Sep^ 10'*' 1758
Sir
I return'd here last night from Eort Loudon where I left the Gen* and
am sorry to say in a very low state of Body, he came there on Wednesday
after noon seemingly in good Spirits and Dined m the Bower, but 'tis
thought he got cold and was taken so ill that night that the Doctors
thought he would have Died, and continued very ill all Thursday, unable
for Business Yet still talk’d of proceeding the next day but I am afraid
he has not Strength enough.
S?" John*^ is gone to Philad and has taken Dry- with him, I did not under-
stand he was to apply to the Assembly but hopes to Succeed by adver-
tisements or pressing, and I sincerely wish he may. Major Halket told
me as S'' John was going to town there was no occasion for me,*^ and I
must be much wanted with the Army. I left Loudon Eryday morning,
only 28 Wagg. and 60 Pack horses on the Road. I left Gov"" GleiT* at
Lyttleton not Able to go farther. I am with much Esteem
D^ Sir
Your most Obed' and most Humble Serv'
Ja'^ Young
Col’ Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap* Young 10**' 7ber
* St. Clair was sent in place of Capt. Young. See Bouquet to Forbes, Sejitember 4.
"Lieut. Lewis Ourry, commanding officer at Fort Loudoun.
"Capt. James Young sent down by Bouquet. See Bouquet to Forbes, September 4.
* Ex-governor James Glen.
BOUQUET TO EORBES
[B. M., .\dd. MSS. 21640, f. 163, A. L. S.]
Camp at Loyal Hannon the 11**' September 1758
Monsieur
Apres la belle description que Ton m’avoit faite des Chemms, j’ay ete
tres Surprise de les trouver abommables. On a otivert la Route en coupant
les arbres, mais voila tout; on n’a pris aucune Peine a tourner les hauteurs,
enlever les Pierres, ou les casser, et les Ponts ne valent riens C’est a mon
grand Regret une besogne a recommencer. J’ay change une des Redoutes
pour la placer a Stoney Creek* ou elle etoit necessaire pour plusieurs
490 11 September 1758
raisons, et abandonne cedes de Belle air,- et Queemahony^ parfaitem*^
inutiles.
Apres avoir passe le Casse Cou de Lawrell Ridge je trouvay une Scene
plus agreable; Le Col. Burd, et le Major^ avoient decouvert pour ce Poste
une meilleure Situation que cedes que Ton avoit proposees. Leur Camp
etoit bien retranche quoi que trop decouvert et ils avoient deja une
Couple de Storehouses.
La Consideration de I'Etat des Chemins, de nos magazins, et le deffaut
de Chariots, et de Chevaux de Bat mines par leurs mauvaises Sedes, m’ont
determine a ne pas pousser plus avant, jusqu’a ce que Ton eut remedie a
de Si grands Inconveniens.
Je fais tracer tin petit Fort autour de nos Storehouses au Centre de
I'enceinte du Camp retranche, et lots que nous aurons pour 5 ou Six
Semaines de Provisions de ce cote qy des Montagues, nous pourrons nous
avancer a I’autre Poste,® Si vous I’ordonnes.
Je day en attendant fair occuper par le L* Col. Dagworthy et 300
homes choisis de Son Corps, de N. Caroline, et des Lower Counties,® il
y est bien retranche, et le Poste etant tres fort naturedement, il ne peut
y etre force sans Canon.
A peine fus-je arrive dans ce Camp qu'un Soldat des Troupes de
Pensilvanie, vint la peur peinte Sur le visage me dire qu’etant ade chasser
/Sans ordre/ avec tin de Ses Camarades, et un Soldat des Llighl; ils avoient
ete attaques par 4 Indians; Le Highlander tint ferme et tira 3 Coups,
mais il fut tue et Scalpe. Les deux autres S'en fuirent come des Coquins
en jettant leurs armes. Il avoit a peine fini Son Histoire, qu’un Soldat
de Virgmie arriva et dit qu’etant ade chasser /par permission/ avec un
autre Soldat, ils avoient ete attaques par 9 Indians qui avoient pris Son
Camarade Prisonier et lui S’etoit echappe en jettant aussi Ses armes: Je
les fis arreter tons les deux pour arreter de bonne heure cet infame
Conduite: J’envoyay pltisieurs Partys de nos gens et des Indiens, ils les
poursuivirent jusques a la nuit inutilement, et raporterent les deux fusils.
Pour reprimer I’audace de cette Canaille Indienne, Je consentis a la
demande du Major de lui donner un gros Party pour ader droit a la
Source; Il partit avant hier avec I’Elite des Troupes, et des Instructions
de reconnoitre exactem^ la Place, et d’en faire lever le Plan a Rhor autant
que I’Eloignem'^ pourroit la permettre. Se reglant pour le Reste Sur les
Circonstances; J'atiray I’honetir de vous rendre Compte de Ses ordres
Secret a Reas Town: J’aday hier reconnoitre les Chemins et le Poste
avance que nous appedons Grant’s Paradise. J’y trouvay le major qui
avoit ete retenu par une meprise Sur Ses Provisions, je les ai vu partir
ce matin, dans le plus grand ordre: Personne ne Scait ou il va, mais les
General Forbes
11 September 1758
491
officiers et le Soldat avoient la mine de bien fame, et quoi que la Chose
Soit un pen hazardee. Le Pas etoit absolum^ necessaire et ce Sera une
bonne Lecon pour les Troupes:
Le Chemin Sera tres difficile pour nous transporter a ce Poste, il y a 3
Ponds inondes dans le terns des debordemens des Rivieres, et plusieurs
montes tres rapides. Je feray ouvrir le Chemin tres large dans ces rich
Bottoms pour que Fair et le Soleil les Seche. Cette communication pourra
faire, et j’espere qu’alors un difficultes de ce cote la Seront Surmontees.
Je vous mformerai de la Communication avec un autre Poste propose.
En revenant aujourdhuy, nous nous Somes Separes un Cinq Partys pour
reconnoitre Si Ton pourroit trouver une meilleure Route, mais ce Sont
partout des Montagnes impraticables, et le Path tout mauvais qu'il est,
est encore le meilleur.
Je feray reconnoitre Lavvrell Ridge, et Ton me fait esperer de trouver
un Passage moms affreux, et il en coutera moms de Peine, a y couper un
nouveau Chemin que d’entreprendre de reparer celui qu’ils ont ouvert avec
tant de Precipitation.
La p’'*^ division de I’artillerie est arrivee Sans accident JTy renvoye tons
les Chevaux en Etat de Servir, et les autres pourront Se retahlir dans les
excellens Paturages que nous avoirs icy.
J’ecris a NT Sinclair* de nous envoyer 200 Boeufs et autant de farmes,
et de Pork qu'il pourra.
Il y a eu des Boeufs de Virginie qui ont pese 170w j’en tiens notte afin
de regler Compte en Consequence avec les Entre preneurs pour ceux qui
Sont perdus, / un grand nombre/'
Les Chevaux de Bat qui devoient porter 200w ne portant I’un dans
I’autre que 130w ce qui reduit nos Provisions a tres peu de Choses, mais
Suffira a en attendre de nouvelles: Il Seroit dim de devoir retirer les
Troupes on leur abattroit le Courage, et nous avoirs besoin de toutes cedes
que nous avoirs pour I'ourage immense qui nous reste a fame des deux
Cotes.
En Consequence de vos ordres,*^ et de votre Lettre du 4'^'^ Je ne pernrets
a aucun Party de passer I'Olrio, excepte pour reconnoitre, mais avec ordre
expres de ne molester aucun des habitans: Pour tous ceux qui Se tiennent
de ce cote joints a rEnnemy nous leur ferons tout le mal que nous
pourrons: Je Suis fort impatient d’aprendre le detail du Traite d’Easton,
et je crois qu’il Seroit de la prudence de faire passer nos amis par cette
Route cy pour prevenir route meprise quoi que je prenne toutes les pre-
cautions possibles pour les eviter.
J’attens le major de retour le 16“^ et partirai Sur le Champ pour vous
joindre; Je feray renforcer le Poste avance des que j’auray de quoy les
492 11 September 1758
nournr. Les Indiens et les incomodes volontaires de Maryland y Seront
postes.
Je Suis avec respect
Monsieur
V'otre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
On vient de decouvnr a un mile du Camp un Party de 40 Ennemis In-
diens, 11 y a 3 detacbemens en Campagne pour leur donner la Chasse, je
m’attens a quelque Scalp avant qu’on puisse les trouver Ceci confirme la
necessite du Party que j’ay pris d’envoyer le major. J’en donne avis au
Col. Dagworthy pour les tourner a leur retour
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] 11 Sepf To the General w***
some alterations
[TRANSLATION]
Camp at Loyalhanna, Sept. 11, 1758.
Sir:
After the fine description which had been given of the roads, I was
greatly surprised to find them abominable. The way has been opened by
cutting down trees, hut that is all. No trouble has been taken to go
around the hills, to remove or break the stones, and the bridges are worth-
less. To my great regret it is a job which must be done over. I have
moved one of the redoubts to Stony Creek^ where it was necessary for
several reasons, and abandoned those at Belle Air- and Queemahony^ as
absolutely useless.
After I had made the breakneck passage of Laurel Ridge, I found a
more agreeable scene. Colonel Burd and the Major^ had discovered a bet-
ter site for this post than the one which had been proposed. Their camp
was well entrenched though somewhat exposed, and they already had a
couple of storehouses.
Taking into consideration the condition of the roads and our stores, the
lack of wagons, and the pack horses ruined by their bad saddles, I have
decided not to push farther until such great disadvantages have been
remedied.
I am having a small fort marked out around our storehouses in the cen-
ter of the enclosure of the entrenched camp, and as soon as we have five
or six weeks’ provisions on this side of the mountains, we can advance
to the other post,''"’ if you so order.
11 September 1758
493
Meanwhile, I have had it occupied by Lieutenant Colonel Dagworthy
and 300 men selected from his corps from North Carolina and the Lower
Counties.® He is well entrenched there and, as the post is naturally very
strong, he cannot be forced from it without cannon.
Scarcely had I arrived in this camp when a soldier of the Pennsylvania
troops with fear marked on his face came up to tell me that, having gone
out to hunt (without orders) with one of his comrades and a soldier from
the Highlanders, they had been attacked by four Indians. 1 he High-
lander stood his ground and fired three shots, but he was killed and
scalped. The two others fled like cowards, throwing away their weapons.
He had scarcely finished his story when a Virginia soldier arrived and
said that, having gone to hunt (with permission) with another soldier,
they had been attacked by nine Indians, who had taken his comrade pris-
oner; and he had escaped also by throwing away his weapons. I had
them both arrested in order to put an end to such cowardly conduct at
once. I sent out several parties of our men and some Indians. They
hunted them until nightfall without result, and brought back the two
guns.
To check the boldness of this Indian rabble, I consented to the Major's
request that I give him a large partj^ to go straight to the source. He
departed the day before yesterday witb the pick of the troops, and in-
structions to reconnoiter the place carefully, and to have a plan made by
Rhor as soon as the distance would permit it, for the rest letting himself
be guided by the circumstances. I shall have the honor of reporting his
secret orders to you at Raystown. Yesterday I went to reconnoiter the
roads and the advanced post which we call Grant’s Paradise. I found the
Major there, who had been detained by an oversight regarding his pro-
visions. I saw them leave this morning, in splendid order. Nobody knows
where he is going, but the officers and the soldiers have the air of going
out to do their best, even though the task is somewhat hazardous. The
step was absolutely necessary, and it will be a good lesson for the troops.
The road will be very difhcult for transporting to this post. There are
three depressions which are filled with water at the time when the rivers
overflow, and several very steep inclines. I shall have the road opened
very wide in the rich bottom lands, so that the air and sunshine maj^ dry
It. This communication can be made, and I hope that then a difficulty on
that side will be overcome.
I shall inform you regarding the communication with another proposed
post.
On our return today we divided into five parties in order to reconnoiter
and see if a better route could be discovered, but there are impracticable
mountains everywhere, and this path — bad as it is — is still the best.
494
11 September 1758
I shall have Laurel Ridge reconnoitered, and I have been given reason
to hope a less frightful pass can be found, and it will cost less trouble to
cut a new road there than to undertake to repair this one which they
opened in such great haste.
The first division of the artillery arrived without accident. I have sent
hack all the horses fit for service, and the others will have an opportunity
to recover in the excellent pastures we have here.
I wrote Mr. Sinclair'^ to send us 200 cattle and as much flour and pork
as he could.
4 here are some cattle Irom Virginia which weighed 170 pounds. I am
making a note of it in order to regulate the accounts accordingly with
the contractors for the cattle which were lost (a large number).
The pack horses which were to carry 200 pounds do not carry on the
average more than L50 pounds, which reduces our provisions to a very
little, but It will be enough while waiting for new supplies. It would
be hard to be compelled to withdraw the troops; it would undermine
their courage, and we need all we have for the immense task which re-
mains tor us to do on both sides.
Following your orders'^ and your letter of the 4th,^ I am not permitting
any party to cross the Ohio, except to reconnoiter, hut with express orders
not to molest any of the inhabitants. As for all those attached to the
enemy who remain on this side, we shall do them all the harm we can.
I am very anxious to learn the details of the Treaty of Easton, and I
believe it would be prudent to have our friends go by this route in order
to prevent any mistakes, although I shall take all possible precautions to
avoid tbem.
I expect the Major to return on the 16th, and I shall leave at once to
join you. I shall have the advance post reinforced as soon as I have the
wherewithal to feed them. The Indians and the distressed volunteers of
Maryland will be stationed there.
I am with respect,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
A party of 40 enemy Indians has just been discovered a mile from camp.
There are three detachments in the field in pursuit of them. I expect some
scalping if they find them. This confirms the necessity of the decision I
made to send the Major. I am advising Colonel Dagworthy to question
them on their return.
^ See Gordon to Bouquet, September 10.
■Jameson’s Redoubt, on Oven Run.
C. 13 September 1758
495
Kickenapauling’s Old Town.
* Major James Grant.
® Grant’s Paradise. See Forbes to Bouquet, September 2.
" Now the state of Delaware.
’ Capt. James Sinclair.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, September 2.
‘See Forbes to Bouquet, September 4.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[Camp at Loyalhanna, Sept. 13, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Forbes in his to Bouquet, September 17. This may
possibly be the note to which Forbes refers in his letter of October 15, as having been
left for him by Bouquet. If so, the letter apparently asked for provisions to be forwarded
from Raystown.
BOUQUET TO HAMILTON
[B. M., .\dd. MSS. 21652, f. 69, Df.]‘
[Camp at Loyalhanna, c. Sept. 13, 1758]
To L* Col. Hamilton
Sir
You are to make all possible diligence to escort the Sick to Reas Town,
where tmu are to take tinder your Escort a Convoy of flour for this Camp.
If you meet Said Convoy upon the Road, you will then Send the Empty
Waggons down with an Escort of hundert men to Reas Town, and March
back with the grand Convoy to this Post; taking with you the 50 Men
at Fort Dewart, and the 50 at Fort Dudgeon^ leaving only 50 Men in
the Redoubt at Stoney Creek.
You are to Alarch in two Bodies at the Head and Rear of the Convoy
wl** flanking Parties, as there are great Partys of Ennemies upon the Com-
munication, and take all the necessary Measures to prevent a Surprise,
and making the Dispositions m Case of an attack.
The Indians- coming up with Cap- Bosomworth are to join you.
As the Waggons would detain you too long you are to unload them in
the Redoubt at Stoney Creek, where the Waggons are to Staj^ w*’^ 100
Men untill I can Send them an Escort.
This is in the Supposition that there will be at least 100 Pack Horses,
otherwise you are to bring the Waggons also.
If there is any Beeves you will take them wl** you
[no signature]
* Original not found.
^ Encampment at Clearfields.
’Cherokee and Ohio Indians. See Bosomworth to Bouquet, September 10.
496
13 September 1758
BOUQUET TO HUGH MERCER
[Camp at Loyalhanna, Sept. 13, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Mercer in his to Bouquet, September 14. The
letter evidently contained inquiries as to what supplies were on the road to Loyalhanna.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Camp at Loyalhanna, Sept. 13, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, September IS. The
letter apparently cairied instructions for securing supplies from Raystown.
BOUQUET TO JAMES SINCLAIR
[Camp at Loyalhanna, Sept. 13, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Sinclair in his to Bouquet, September 14, Appar-
ently the letter contained instructions regarding wagons and pack horses, and the provi-
sions to be forwarded to the advance camp,
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[B. M,, Add, MSS, 21652, f. 63, A. Df. S.]*
Camp at Loyal Hannon 13^** September 1758
Sir
According to your desire I have informed^ General Forbes of your being
under arrest by Sir John S- Clair’s orders, But as his bad State of health
and the distance do not permit us to expect a Speedy answer, and the
service requiring that you immediatly act in [the]t our present Circum-
stances, I desire you to take again the Command of your Corps, which
Step I wdl take care as far as depends on me shall not be attended w-**
any bad Consequence to your Cause, as I don’t take upon me to deter-
mine any thing in regard to your differences w^*' the Quarter Master Gen-
eral,” referring the full determination thereof to the General, who is the
proper Judge of the Question.
I am with great regard
Sir
Your most obedl hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
[Addressed] To Lieut Colonel Stephens Commanding the Virg® Troops.
[Endorsed] Letter to L* Col Stephens 13**^ 7ber
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, September 4.
‘ Sir John St. Clair.
13 September 1758
497
HAMILTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 210, L. S.]
Camp on Loyal hannon 13^'^ Septb'' 1758
s?
I am very Sorry that the impertinent Language of the Serg'^ Provoked
me to strike him I did not at the time know him to he appointed over the
Artificers & the man he came to take from the Battalion had Said he was
discharge’d from the Artificers & had drawn 4 Days Provission with the
Company he belonged to in order to March with them Therefore I hope
you will Pass it over as it never was my intent to do anything Contrary
to Your Orders-
I am S’"
Your Most Obedient & Humble Serv‘
Hance Hamilton
[Endorsed^ Letter from L* Col Hamilton 14**^ 7'’*^'' 1758
[Endorsed] Lieut Col. Hamilton’s Letter upon his first Arrest
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding his Majesties Forces
at Loyal-Hannon
^ Not identified.
'See Bouquet to Hamilton, c. September 13.
® Both endorsements in Bouquet’s handwriting.
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 59, A. L S.]
Camp at Reas Town Septem^ 1758
Sir/
I have this day sent off a Brigade^ consisting of two & twenty Waggons
of which fourteen are loaded with pork, four with Indian Corn, three with
Oats and one with Whisky likewise Eighty pack horses loaded with flower,
which is all we can muster up at present, having been oblidged to send
six and thirty with a suply of flower to fort Cumberland.
I am in expectation of soon having another supply of Provisions from
Below, I shou’d be glad to know if you would chuse to have the Waggons
return immediately or sent up the Country with pork and forage, these
I take to be the only two Articles for waggonage, as I imagin the pack
horses will be sufficient for the transport of flower.
498
14 September 1758
I am with greatest Respect
Sir
Your most Obedient & most humble serv-
James Sinclair
A. D. Q'^ IVR Gen^
To Col® Bouquet or Officer Commanding at Loyal Flanan
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Cap- Sinclair 13-*' Sept^
[Addressed] On his Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet or Officer
Commanding at Loyal Hanon
The Wa ggons with iVL Erwin- are arrived.
^ Under the escort of Ens. Joseph Quicksell (commissioned, December 9, 1757, in the
second battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment), and a detachment of 20 men. See
Bouquet’s Orderly Book, September 13.
^ Probably James Erwin, or Irwin, horse master.
BOUQUET TO HUGH MERCER
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 68, A. Df. S.]*^
Camp at Loyal Hannon 14B‘ September 1758
At the receipt of this you are to Send to this Post a Convoy^ of flour
and bread, employing every Elorse as well of the Artillery than other
and have them escorted by all the Highlanders well provided wB* Ammu-
nition, and marching in two Bodies at the Head and Rear of the Convoy
with flanking Parties to prevent any Surprise: as there are Strong Parties
of the Ennemies upon the Communication The first Batt. of Pensilvania
is to join the Convoy and reinforce that Escort to bring them Safe here.
If there are any Waggons they must Stop at Stoney Creek with a
hundert men, untill further orders.
Please to Send immediately an Express in the night well escorted to
Cumberland, Col Washington has order- to join you at Reas Town
I am
Sir
Your most obed‘ hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
To Col. Mercer
* Original not found.
See Bouquet’s Orderly Book, September 14.
^ See Bouquet to Washington, September 4.
14 September 1758
DAGWORTHY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 213, Df.]‘
499
Sir
Sept'' 14-'‘ 1758.
Ensign Grant^ of the Highland Regiment, a number of Indians, Sc eight
Soldiers are Just now come in here from Alajor Grants Party,” &
Report [s]t that this Morning they had an Ingagement with a Consider-
able Body of the Enemy m sight of Eort Du Quesne & that after some
time, our Men were put to the Rout and he believes most if not 1 he
Whole [is]t are Cut off, he left Major Grant near two Miles on this side
the Place they first Ingaged but the Enemy was then all Round him,
I am S''
Your most Ob' humble Serv'
1 no signature^
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handu'ritiug] L' Col. Dagworhy 14"' Sept''
[Addressed] On His Majestys Service To CoP Boquet or The Ofhcer
Commanding at Loyalhannon
* Original not found.
1 Stricken out.
'Probably Ens. James Grant, commissioned January, 17.v, in 77th Reg. and pro-
moted to lieutenant in Septembet, 1758, although .Alexander Grant held similat rank
in regiment at same time.
"Major James Grant was sent out, September 9, with large party to reconnoiter Fort
Diiquesne. See Bouquet to Forbes, September 11.
GRANT TO FORBES
[B. M., .4dd. IMSS. 21652, f. 64, C.] ‘
[c. September 14, 1758]
Sir
If it had been in my power to write sooner you'll doe me the justice
to believe that I should have troubled you long before this time, with an
Account of the detatchment, w"’’ marched the 9"’ of September from the
Camp of Loyal Hannon
We were lucky enough not to be discovered in Our March tho' several
Scouting parties passed very near us. We got to an Advantageous Post
the 12'*' about 3 in the afternoon which According to the information of
all our Guides from Ten to Twelve Miles from the French Fort. I thought
500
14 September 1758
it was a proper place to encamp, as I did not think it adviseable to goe
nearer for fear of being discovered, but I afterwards found that Our
Guides were much mistaken about the distance for as near as I can
judge y- Camp is about Sixteen Miles from the top of the Hill where we
was to take Post
The 13“^ at Break of day I sent Maj. Lewis w*^ 200 Men & our Indians,
w^ Orders to post them in Ambuscade about five Miles from the Fort,
which was all the Precaution I could take to prevent our being discovered,
in the Camp, for I flattered myself that if a Reconoitring Party was sent
Out, it might possibly fall into the Ambuscade, &, in that case, in all prob-
ability they must have been killed or taken, & if they had sent, in the
event of our Plans succeeding a second Party from the Fort, they would
have found the whole Party ready to receive them I Ordered M^" Chew^
to march w- a party of 15. or 20 Men to Reconoitre the Ground, & to try
without exposing himself or the Men to draw a party of the Enemy into
the Ambuscade. He only went w*^ 3 Indians, who soon left him, & by that
means in place of returning to Majt Lewis, about 10 Clock as I expected,
he was obliged to conceal himself till night came On, & he joined them
upon the march about Eleven 0 Clock at Night. But I would not be
understood to reflect upon Him. He’s a good brisk yound Lad. — about 3
in the afternoon, I marched forward w* the rest of the Detatchment, & I
found Majt Lewis Advantageously posted about four Miles from our
Camp, w'?'’ Post I was assured was not seven Miles from the Fort, Tho’
I found it was above twelve; after giving Orders to the Troops & Particu-
lar Instructions to the Captains I proceeded about Six in the Evening
towards the Eort, expecting to get to the Top of the Hill, about 11. at
Night, but as the distance was so much greater than I imagined. It was
after Two in the Morning before we got there. The Instructions when I
left Loy! Hannon was that a particular party should be sent to Attack
each Indian fire, but as those Fires either had not been made, or were
burnt out before v/e got to the Ground, it was impossible to make any
disposition of that kind. Maj?’ Lewis was informed of every particular of
our Project before we marched from Loyal Hannon, & was told there
that he was to Command the Troops that was to be sent upon the Attack,
as I was to continue upon the height to make a Disposition for covering His
retreat (which we did not desire to be made in good Order) & for forming
the Rear Guard in our March from the Fort, & you’l easily believe that He
& I had frequent Conversation upon the March about our Plan of Opera-
tions. I sent for Him, the moment the Moment the Troops arrived upon
the Hill, Opposite to the fort & told him that as we had been misinformed
by the Guides w‘ regard to the distance, & by that means had got there
much later than we expected, it was impossible to make the projected dis-
position of a party of Men for the Attack of each Fire, but that it was
impossible to continue another Day without being discovered, & that as
14 September 1758
501
the Night was far advanced there was no time to be lost. I therefore
ordered Him to march directly w*^ 100 Americans 200 Highlanders & 100
Virginians & to Attack every thing that was found about the Fort. I gave
Orders that no Attention should be paid to the Gentries, who probably
would challenge & in case they were fired upon they were not to return it
upon any Account. But to march On as fast as possible & were not to
fire a Shot, ’till they were close to the Enemy — & that after they dis-
charged their pieces they were to Use their Bayonets without Loading a
Second time. I told the Maj'' that I would Order all our Drums & Pipes
to beat the retreat, when it was time for the Troops to retire, that I was
indifferent what Order they came back in, for that it was the same thing
to me if y^ was not three of them together, provided they did the Business
they were sent upon.
The Maj^ had not half a Mile to march into the open plain where the
Fort stands, the 400 Men under His Command had a white Shirt over
His Cloaths, to prevent Mistakes, & y- they might even at a distance dis-
tinguish One another; I saw the Americans and Highlanders march off &
gave directions that the Virginians should fall m — in the Rear, sending a
greater Number of Men, might possibly I thought Occasion confusion, &
I was of Opinion that 400 Men were quite sufficient to carry the Service
into Execution. I was absolutely certain we were not discovered when the
Troops marched from the Hill. I thought our loss must be inconsiderable,
& I never doubted but that everything would succeed beyond our most
sanguine expectations
After Posting the remaining part of the Troops in the best manner I
could, I placed myself w^ the Drums & Pipes at the Head of the High-
landers, who were in the Center & exactly Opposite the Fort, during
the Operation the time passed, the Day Advanced fast upon us, & was
turning uneasy at not hearing the Attack begin, when to my great
Astonishment, Alaj'' Lewis came up & told Me. “That it was impossible
“to doe any thing, that the Night was dark, that the Road was bad,
“worse than anything I had ever seen, that there were Logs of wood
“across it, that their were fences to pass that the troops had
“fallen into Confusion, & that it was a Mercy they had not fired
“upon one another, that they had made so much noise he was sure they
“must be discovered. & that it was impossible for the Men to find
“their way back thro’, those Woods. — these were exactly the Words he
made use of — this behaviour in an Officer was new to Me. His Conduct
in Overturning a long projected Scheme & in disobeying such positive
Orders, was so Unaccountable that I could not speak to him w*^ common
patience, so that I just made Answer to his last words that the Men
according to the Orders that had been given would have found their way
back to the Drums when the Retreat beat. — So I left Him & went [to]t
t Stricken out.
502
14 September 1758
as fast as I could to Lieut. M'^Kenzie- & Rhor, to see what the matter
was & to give directions for the Attack if the thing was practicable. I
found the Troops in the greatest confusion I ever saw Men in, w?** to say
truth was not surprizing, for the Major had brought them back from the
plain when he returned himself, and every body then took a Road of
their own. I found it was impossible to think of forming them for an
Attack, and the Morning was too far advanced to send for the other
Troops from the other places where they were posted, tho’ I was reduced
after all my hopes of Success, to this melancholly Situation, that some-
thing at least might be Attempted, I sent Liet- RobinsoiT & McDonald,^
w 50 Men to make an Attack at a place, where Two or Three Fires, had
been seen the night before. I desired them to kill a Dozen of Indians if
possible, & I would be satisfied, they went directly to the place they were
ordered, & finding none of the Indians they set fire to the House, but it
was daylight before they could return I mention this last Circumstance
[to you]t that it might appear clearly to you it was not in my Power,
to send a greater Number.
The surprize was Compleat the Governour""' knew nothing of us or our
March & in all probability the Enterprize must have succeeded against
the Camp as well as against the Indians, if the Attempt had been made.
So favourable an Opportunity I dare say never was lost; The Difficulties
w'^*' Majt Lewis had represented to Me to be unsurmountable appeared
to Me as they Certainly were absolutely imaginary I marched above 12
Miles that night w^ an advanced Guard & flanking Parties before it with-
out the least Confusion the Maj’’ had not a Mile to march to the Fort
and above two thirds of that way in an Open plain. & I can safly de-
clare that there is no part of the Road in getting into the plain, worse
than what I had passed w'^ out any great difficulty in comeing up the Hill.
I made no Secret to the People who were then about Me, that I was so
much dissatisfied w* the Majors Conduct, that I was determined to Carry
him back to Camp in Arrest, that he might Answer to you for his be-
haviour. Several Officers heard Me say — As M?^ Bentick if he escaped has
no doubt informed, that it was my Intention, however I did not think
it Advisable to take any Step of that kind ’till we were out of reach of
the Enemy. I therefore sent Maj^ Lewis the 14^*' at break of Day with the
Americans & Virginians to reinforce Cap^ Bullet who I had left w* about 50
Men as a Guard upon our [ Baggage ]t Horses & Provisions, within 2 Miles
of the Fort directly upon the Road b)^ which we were to return to our
Camp. I was afraid the Enemy might possibly send a Detatchment that
way to take Possession of some Passes to harrass us in Our March, or per-
haps to endeavour to cut us off in case we were forced to make a Retreat
— & I directed the Maj'' to place these Troops in Ambuscade that he
might have all the Advantage possible of any party that could be sent
t Stricken out.
14 September 1758
503
out. — about 7 in the Morning after the fog was gone & the Day cleared
up it was found impossible to take a Plan of the Fort from the height
where the Troops were posted, & as Col° Bouquet & I had settled that a
Plan should be taken A la barbe de la Garisson® in case Our Attempt did
not succed in the Night. I sent M’’ Rhor w* Cap* M'^Donald" &: a hundred
Men to take the Plan, wdth directions not to expose himself or the Troops,
about the same time being informed that some of the Enemy Indians
had discovered Cap* APKenzie,® wdio was posted upon the left almost
faceing the Monongehela. in Order to put on a good Countenance, & to
Convince our Men they had no reason to be Afraid, I gave directions to
our Drums to beat the Reveille, the Troops were in an Advantageous
Post, & I must own I thought w’e had nothing to fear. - — For about half
an Hour after the Enemy came from the Fort, in different parties, without
much Order, & getting behind Forces they advanced briskly, & Attacked
our left where there were 250 Men. Cap* M^^Donald & Lieutennant Camp-
beE were soon killed Lieu* hPDonald was wounded at the same time, &
our People being Over powered, gave way, where those Officers had been
killed, I did all in my power to keep things in Order but to no purpose.
The 100 Pensylvanians rvho were posted upon the right at the greatest
distance from the Enemy, w'ent Off without Orders, & without Firing a
Short, in short in less than half an Hour all rvas in Confusion & as soon
as that happened we were fired upon from every Quarter. I endeavoured
to rally the Troops upon every rising Ground & I did all in my Power in
that Melancholly Situation to make the best Retreat I could. I sent an
Officer to Alaj’’ Lewis to make the best disposition he could, w* y? Ameri-
cans & Virginians, till I could come up, & I was in hopes to be able to
make a Stand there, and at last to make a tolerable retreat Unfortunately
upon hearing the firing the Maj'' the Maj thought the best thing that
could be done was to march to our Assistance. Unluckily they did not
take the same Road In^ w'^’' I marched the night before & by wdtich they
had passed that Morning & As I retired the same way I had Advanced, I
never saw them, when I found Cap* Bullet & his 50 Men alone, I could
not help sajung to him that I was undone However tho’ there was lnot|t
little or rather no hopes left, I was Resolved to doe the best I could, &
when ever I could get anybody to stay with Me We made a Stand some-
times w* 100 & sometimes with 50 just as the Men thought proper for
Orders were to no purpose. Fear had then got the better of every other
passion & I hope I shall never see again such a Pannick among Troops,
till then I had no conception of it.
At last inclining to the left w* about 50 Men, where I was told a num-
ber of the Americans & Flighlanders had gone, my party diminished in-
sensibly. every Souldier taking the Road he liked best. & I found myself
w* not above a Dozen of Men and an Officer**' of the Pennsylvanians, who.
1 Stricken out.
504
14 September 1758
had been left w* Cap- Bullet surrounded on all sides, by the Indians, &
when I expected every instant to be cut in pieces w*out a possibility of
escapeing, a Body of the French a number of their Officers came up, &
offered Me Quarters, which I accepted off. I was then whn a short League
of the Fort, it was then about 11. 0 Clock, and as far as I can judge
about that time, the French troops were called back & the pursuit ended
what our loss is you best know, but it must be considerable. Capt“
M''Donald & Munroe,^^ Lieut® Alex^ M'^Kenzie, Collin Campbel & W“
M^^Kenzie Lieut^ Rider,^- & Ensign Jenkins^^ & Hollar^^ are Prisoners.
Ens? M'^Donald^^ is prisoner w‘ the Indians, from what I could hear they
have got 2 other Officers, whose names or Corps I know not, M? Rhor &
the officer^® who conducted the Indians were killed, Maj^ Lewis & Cap-
M'^Kenzie are prisoners. I’m not certain that Lieu- M'^Kenzie was killed,
but I have seen his Commission w*?‘' makes it very probable. I spoke to
L^ M^^Donald senior, after he was wounded & I think he could hardly make
his escape I wish I ma}' be mistaken
This is the best Acc‘ I can give you of our unlucky affair. I endeavoured
to execute the Orders^^ w'^'' I had received to the best of my power. As
I have been mlsfortunate the World may possibly find fault w* my Con-
duct. I flatter myself y^ you will not. I may have committed Mistakes
wffiut knowing them, but if I was sensible of them I most certainly should
tell you, in what I thought I had done wrong, I am willing to flatter
myself that my being a Prisoner will be no detriment to my promotion in
case Vacancies should happen in the Army & Its to be hoped that the
proper Steps will be taken to get me exchanged as soon as possible I have
the honour to be
Sir,
Y'' most Obed‘ & most Humb? Servant
[no signature]
P: S: As Maj^ Lewis is Prisoner I thought it was right to read to him,
that part of this Letter which particularly concerns him. he says, when
he came back to speak to Me, that he gave no Orders for the Troops to
retire from the plain, that Cap- Launder^® who was the next Officer to
him can best account for that Step — for they did retire & I took it for
granted that it was by the Majors orders, ’till he assur’d me of the
Contrary
M'" Jenkins of the Americans is a pretty young Lad, & has spirit he
is oldest Ensign & is much afraid that being a Prisoner will be a detriment
to his promotion. He begs that I may mention him to you, & I could
not think of refuseing Him.
[no signature]
[Endorsed] Copy of Major Grants Letter to Bt Gen’ Forbes upon the
affair of the 14”“ Sept^ 1758
14 September 1758
505
* Printed in Darlington, Fort Pitt, 63-71. Original not found.
^ Ens. Colby Chew.
" Not identified. Lieutenants .Lle.xander, Roderick, and William McKenzie were all
with Grant’s detachment. See List of Casualties, p. 508.
® Lieut. Archibald Robinson, also known as Robertson, commissioned, January, 1757,
in the 77th Regiment.
‘Lieut. Ale.xander McDonald, Sr., probably commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th
Regiment. An Alexander McDonald was also commissioned in February, 1757.
^ Capt. Frangois le Marchand de Ligneris was appointed to the command of Fort Du-
quesne and its dependencies, in November, 1756.
” Literally, “in the beard of the garrison.” In view of the fact that this same expres-
sion occurs in Forbes’ letter to Bouquet, August 28, it is difficult to understand the
mystery which seems to surround it in Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washing-
ton, Vol. II, 345, note 98.
’^Capt. William McDonald, commissioned, Januarxq 1757, in the 77th Regiment.
* Capt. Hugh McKenzie, commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th Regiment.
® Probably Lieut. John Campbell of the First Virginia Regiment.
“ Not identified.
‘‘^Capt. George Munro, commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th Regiment.
Lieut. William Ryder (Rider), commissioned. May, 1757, in the 60th Regiment.
Ens. Edward Jenkins, commissioned, January, 1756, in the 62nd (later 60th) Regi-
ment.
“Ens. Henr>' Haller, commissioned, December, 1757, in the second battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment.
“Ens. John McDonald, commissioned, January, 1757, in the 77th Regiment.
“ Probably Ens. Colby Chew.
See Bouquet to Forbes, September 11,
“Capt. Francis Lander of the Royal American Regiment.
HUGH MERCER TO BOUQUET
[B. M,, .4dd. MSS. 21643, f. 211, A. L S.]
Camp at Reas Town 14*'^ Sep*^ 1758
Sir,
Yours of the inclosing a Letter to the General, I am just now
favoured with & have taken the liberty of sending you this by express,
in hopes some part of your [An]t anxiety may be removed by knowing
what supplies are on the way & preparing to be sent to the advanced posts.
14 Waggons with Pork & 80 Packhorses w‘ Elour, together with forage
waggons kc sett off yesterday, they rested as short a time here as possible.
Tomorrow 100 Packhorses, from the Artillery and two or three Waggons
will proceed with a further supply — together with 100 Bullocks N 200
Sheep. Mr Clark’ is gone to the Settlement to hurry up the live Stock
& other Provisions there, xVs soon as Horses or Carriages arrive here,
they shall be dispatch’d forward. AU S*^ Clair^ will inform you of the
State of our Provisions here so I beg leave to refer you to his I^etter
on that head. I should be Glad to send an Account of the Genera’®
t Stricken out.
506
14 September 1758
recover}', We have no reason to beleive he sett off from Loudoun on Mon-
day as was expected neither have we receiv'd any late information with
regard to his health. He was able it seems to write a long Letter^ to
Mr Glen on Sunday, so that he has interv^alls of ease and Spirits, but
Tin afraid his getting to Reas Town or further is extreamly doubtfull,
as the cold Season is advancing fast, and the Road affords[ing]t shocking
accomodation for so broken a habit.
M*" Phylips'’’ sett of for I.ewelhanan'* Yesterday.
I am Sir
Your most obed* humble Serv^
Hugh Mercer
To Col. Rouquet.
\En dorscd in Bouquet' s Jiandzvriting^ Col. Mercer 14-*‘ Septt 1758
'Not found. Enclosure may have been Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, September 11,
which see.
■ Daniel Clark.
■’Cant. James Sinclair. See his letter to Bouquet, September 13.
^ Not found.
Lieut. Ralph Phillips.
" Loyalhanna.
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639. f. 61, A. L S.]
Camp at Rays Town 14*’“ Septem'' 1758
Sir/
I this day received the favmtir of your Letter of the 9F' & 13*’’^ I have
carefully observed the Contents, and shall in ev'ery shape comply with
votir directions to the utmost of my power. The only Brigade of Waggons
which has arrived from below since your departure I sent off yesterday,
loaded with pork, forage and Liquor, and likewise Eighty pack horses
Loaded with flower, which I hope will arrive in time to answer your
present demands till we can send up a further suply.
There is not remaining here more than twenty pack horses fit for
service, I have therefore made a demand of a hundred horses from the
Artillery, with a Driver to each four horses, which I shall send off to
morrow with flower, causing each bag to be numbered and an Invoice
of the Weight. I have two Waggons here fit for service, in which I shall
send a thousand Weight of Iron, Eight hundred flints. Salt & Spirits.
I hav^e likewise ordered one hundred Bullocks and two hundred Sheep,
after which there remains Eighty Bullocks and fifty Sheep, twenty of
lthe]'I which Bullocks and fiv^e & twenty Sheep are ordered to fort
Cumberland vvTere there is a want of fresh provdsions.
+ Stricken out.
14 September 1758
507
I have communicated your directions to M'" Clark- with regard to
ordering the Bullocks up from the Settlements by three hundred at a
time, and send you inclosed a State® of the provisions now at this place.
The Marvland and Virginea Waggons are all down the Country. I have
sent upwards of two hundred down to Carlile since I came to this place
of which there is only one Brigade returned, I can not imagm what
detains them, there certainly must be a good many upon the road, inde-
pendant of what fresh Waggons may have been procured in the Country.
hB Clark has thought it necessary to take a trip down and is set out
this afternoon by Colonel Mercer’s^ Approbation, there is a hundred
and thirty Bullocks at Chambers’s wTich he is to order up with all
Expedition.
The Troops here have returned all their Bat horses. I send you inclosed
a Return'’ of the pack horses which I have caused make out m as clear
and particular a manner as possible, as Callender informs me there is
a great many more horses up the Country than are mentioned m the
Return® you sent me.
I am assured by both hB Clark and AB Wood that no flower has been
sent up the Country without being weighd, but that they were oblidged
to proportion the Loads to the strength of the horses few or none of
which were able to carry two hundred Weight, and that upon an Avaridge
they seldom carry above a hundred and fifty, which with the waste
that must necessarly happen by the way, may in a great measure account
for the Quantity coming so much short of what was expected; but that
no mistakes or abuse may happen I shall take particular Care your
directions are punctually followed, each bag shall be numbered, and an
Invoice of sent of the Weight of each Number.
It shall always be my study to convince you that I am with the greatest
Esteem & Respect
Sir
Your most Obedient & most humble Serv*
James Sinclair
CoB Bouquet
Since writing what is on the other Side, I am informed Instead of Eighty
there remains only fifty Bullocks, after the hundred we send you up,
so that there is none to be sent to fort Cumberland till we have a further
suply.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s hanidzvriting] AB Sinclair 14-'’ 7ber
^ See Bouquet to Sinclair, September 9. The other letter not found. ‘
^ Daniel Clark.
Not found.
* Col. Hugh Mercer.
^ Not found.
LIST OF CASUALTIES FROM ACTION NEAR FORT DUQUESNE
[Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Abercromby Papers, f. 658, D.]*
A List^ of the Officers & Soldiers killed, missing and Returned from the
Action near Eort Du Queue the IT'' Septem’' 1758.
508
14 September 1758
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14 September 1758
509
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15 September 1758
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 63, A. L. S.]
Rays Town 15^*' Septein^ 1758
Sir/
I have this day sent off A hundred bullocks two hundred Sheep & a
hundred & Sixty nine horses loaded w**^ flower, the Horses belong to the
Artillery and are to return immediately after delivering their Loads. All
the Bags are numbered & an Invoice of the Weight of each N? transmitted
to the Commissary^ at Loyal Hennen, who by that means will be able
to judge of any defficiency there is upon delivery. I am
Sir
Your most Obedient & most humble Serv*
James Sinclair
A D Q'^ M Gen^
1 o the Commanding Officer at Loyal Hennen.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ AI-' Sinclair IS-*' Sept''
'This may have been Capt. Robert McPherson, who later served as assistant deputy
quartermaster general to Sir John St. Clair.
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 216, A. L. S.]
Sir
Stoney-Creek 15**' Sept 1758
Your favours of the 9-'' & 13*" Ins** are come to hand, and the reparation
of the Bridges betwixt the Alountains & Such Other bad Steps as Our
Tools & Numbers are Capable of mending Shall he done; but the batter-
ing of the Stoney places is Simply impossible without Sledges & Crows,
& indeed many places not Capable of proper repair without blowing,
with respect to Sending of the Three Garrisons to Reas-Town for a
Supply of Provision, I shou’d be Sorry that none came up before we are
utterly Out, but if we are reduc’d to this Measure, if you’l allow it. One
Company can as well escort or bring up provisions for the whole, by
which means, two parts of the Communication may Still be Secur’d. I
am however Sending to know what is at Each post, which must be little.
The provisions at this Post is greatly exhausted by the Multitude of
passengers, every Soul of which, say they can’t move without a Supply,
we got two Stray Bullocks Otherwise not an Ounce, wou’d have been here
15 September 1758
511
before now. I have here for the three Posts, 18 Baggs of Flour, and two
Small Cattle & about two dais Provision I expect may be at the two ex-
treame posts. I shou’d be glad to hear from you before Sending to Reas’
Town, which must be the day after to Morrow I think at farthest, in your
last Orders you have not been pleas’d to direct me neither where to Stay,
nor where to go tho’ the Posts for a time were to be evacuate, I therefore
take it for granted from your former letters, that you allow me to wait of
the General, for which Pm extreamly uneasy, having [nowjt of late reason
to believe, that by some means or Other unknown to me, the General,
with many Others & indeed even the Inhabitants of the Province, have
conceiv’d of me, and the Battalion I Once had the honour to Command,
in a very unfavourable light, under this aggrievance, I persuade my Self
you’l be good enough to grant me your liberty by return of the express
to go to the General for a few dais.
I thank you for y!" Complim^ in regard to the name of this Fort, but
beg to be excus’d, not chusing to have any thing to do with those appel-
lations. the Redout wdl be finish’d this night, and much more done about
it. the men in my Opinion have done their duty. I hope it will please
you, which as well as the good of the Servise, has been the Studdy of your
Most Ob*, and Most humb^ Serv*
John Armstrong
Coll: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Col. Armstrong 15**^ 7ber
t Stricken out.
^Neither letter found.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 21S, A. L. S.]
Col. Dagworthys Camp* IS-’* Sep!" 1758
Dr Sr,
Ensign Grant- is the only Highland Officer come in or Expected. My
Corps is not even so happy; or at least I am not so happy as to have
reason to expect a single one Survice’s.
Two Pennsylvania Officers® are Come in.
Bentick is the only one of yours come in.
fifty men are got in — I sincerely Condole with you — The Enemy were
chiefly Indians; The Erench & they are very Numerous — amounting ac-
cording to Capt Wires* of the Maryland’s Opinion to upwards of Two
512 15 September 1758
Thousand — God bless you — I Set off immediatly to Afford all the As-
sistance to the Straglers
I am Sr,
Your most Ob^ hu^' Ser-
Adam Stephen
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Lieut. Col. Stephen’s IS-** SepC
1758
[Addressed] To Col Bouquet
^ Capt. John Dagworthy, promoted to rank of Lieut. Colonel. See Bouquet’s Orderly
Book, general orders for August 30. He was erecting “The Three Redouts,” the
main fortification between Loyalhanna and Fort Duquesne, about 3 miles north
of Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Penna.
^ Ens. Ale.xander Grant.
® Not identified.
* Capt. Francis Ware.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 218, A. L. S.]
[September 15, 1758]
Col.
I have been about 15 mdes to the westward and succord the distressed
all in my power. Inclosd I send you a Return^ of those Arrivd; and do
not fear what the French can do Against us here. The Enemy were
intimetly acquainted w* the ground; & the Gentlemen were beat by detail.
It is uncertain whether Maj'' Grant is Killed or taken prisoner The
French calld him frequently by his Name to Surrender.
The French had reced a very Considerabl reinforcem* of Indians &c
the day before the Ingagem* Confirmd by Cap* Shelby & Ensign Chew.^
The Loss of our brave Officers is [irjrepareable, & I imagine about one
half & File are gone
I shall not see you tomorrow on Acc* of Sending about 30 miles after
some Wounded men. I have the honour to be
Sir,
Your most Ob* hu* Ser*
10 O’ Clock 15*** Sep'’ Adam Stephen
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] L* Col. Stephens 15**’ SepC
[Addressed] To Col Bouquet
^ Not found.
“ Capt. Evan Shelby and Lieut. Colby Chew.
® Rank and file.
513
17 September 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 169, A. L. S.] *
Camp at Loyal Hannon 17-** September 1758
Monsieur
Dans la Scituation ou vous etes, malade, &c: | et eloigne tie I'armeeUlt
C'est avec un double regret que je dois vous informer du malheur arrive
au Major Grant- qui apres un long engagement a ete battu le IT Cour‘
Je ne fais aucune Apologie Sur la Part que j’ay a cette affaire, Je laisse
au detail des faits a me condamner, ou me justifier.
Le Jour que j’arrivay au Camp le 7? Cour^ L’on vint me faire Raport
coup sur coup, que nous etions entoures de partis Indiens, plusieurs
Soldats avoient ete Scalpes, ou faits Prisoniers: Etant obliges d’avoir
nos Boeufs et nos Chevaux dans les Bois, nos gens ne pouvoient les garder
ou les chercher. Sans etre continuellem^ exposes a tomber entre les mains
des Ennemis.
Le Lieut Col. Dagworthy et nos Indiens n’etant pas encore arrives,
Je fis commander deux Partis de Cent homes chacun pour occuper les'^
Sentiers, et tacher de couper les Ennemis,'^ dans leur retraite, et ratraper
nos Prisoniers.
Ces detachemens etant prets a marcher, Le Major Grant me tira de
cote, et me dit qu’il etoit Surpris que je prisse cette mesiire, apres tant
de preuves reiteres que ces petits Partis ne faisoient jamais rien, et ne
Serviroient qu’a nous faire perdre de Monde, et decotirager nos gens:
mais que si je votilois lui donner, 500 homes, il iroit au Fort, reconnoitroit
les Chemins, et les forces de I’Ennemy, qui Selon routes nos Intelligences
n’excedoient pas 600 homes franqois & Indiens, ce qui etoit confirme par
un Party rentre la veille, et que quelque detachem'^ qu’ils pussent faire,
ils ne pouvoient faire Sortir plus de Monde qu’il n’en auroit, et qu’en
leur dressant une Embuscade en Se retirant il pourroit faire des Prisoniers.
Je fis quelques difficultes de la laisser partir, mais ayant insiste, et
presse par ses Raisons, et les Circonstances ou nous nous trouvions j'y
consentis® et contremandai les deux Partis qui etoient Sous les armes.
Ayant fait appeller le Col. Burd, et le Major Lewis, /Le L‘ Col. Stephen
etant aux arrets, je priai son Major de I’informer de L’affaire/,® Je
communiquai a ces Mess’’® la Proposition dii Maior Grant,' qui pouvoit
nous procurer des Intelligences Sures, et quelque avantage Sur les Indiens
qui nous insultoient tous les Jours impunement, & que ce Seroit le moyen
de guerir nos® gens de la terreur Panique qu’il en avoient; Car ceux qui
S’etoient echapes ce jour la de letirs attaques avoient jette letirs armes
pour fuir plus vite.
t Stricken out.
514
17 September 1758
Je les priai de me dire leur sentiment sur un Projet dont j’avois plusieurs
fois parle avec le Major Grant a Reas Town® qui etoit d’attaquer pendant
la nuit les Indiens qui campoient autour du Fort dans des huttes. Et que
la disposition pourroit Se faire ainsi.
Que le L- Col. Dagworthy /qui devoit arriver le Soir meme ou le
lendemain avec les Indiens/ marcheroit avec 900 homes au Poste qu’on
avoit reconnu a 10 miles, y construiroit un Retrenchement, et y resteroit
avec 200 homrnes;
Que le major marcheroit avec^® 300 High: 100 R. A. 150 Virg. 100
Maryl: et 100 Pensilv: et tous les Indiens du cote du Fort reglant ses
marches pour Se trouver a 5 miles du Fort a I’Entree de la nuit, avec
les precautions necessaires pour prevenir une Surprise; et que la envoyeroit
les Indiens, et ceux de nos officiers qui connoissoient les Environs de la
Place pour reconnoitre, et que S’il trouvoit par la disposition de I’Ennemy
qu’il n’avoit pas ete decouvert, il S’avanceroit sur la hauteur a demi mile^^
du Fort, ou il reconnoitroit lul meme les feux des Indiens pour faire Ses
dispositions en consequence.
Au Cas qu’il les apercut’^® autour de leurs feux, il envoyeroit Partie de
Son Detachement avec des Chemises blanches pardessus leurs habits,
pour les aller attaquer un peu apres mlnult, la Bayonnette au bout du
fusil, et sans tirer qu’a TExtremite, n’etant pas difficile^^ de les Surprendre
parce qu’ils ne tiennent jamais de Sentinelles.
Ce coup fait ou manque il feroit battre la Retraite sur la Hauteur ou
il devoit tester lui meme avec^'* le reste des Troupes et les Indiens, et des
que Ses gens diriges par le son I’auroient joint, il devoit sur le Champ
Se retirer a 6 miles du Fort avant Jour, et y former une Embuscade, de
tous ses gens et des Indiens au cas que I’Ennemy le Sulvit, laissant de
petits Partis autour de la Place pour observer leurs mouvemens, et Fen
informer.^®
S’il les battoit’^® a FEmbuscade il pourroit alors retourner en toute
surete au Fort pour en faire prendre la [Plan] et reconnoitre les Environs.
Mais Si par Ses Espions ou par lui meme il jugeoit qu’il etoit de-
couvert,^^ il ne devoit songer qu’a se retirer.
Voila le Plan qui fut convenu,^* et pour Fexecution duquel on fit le
lendemain les preparatifs necessaires.
Le 9® il partit, et je le joignis le 10? au Poste ou le L* Col. Dagworthy
devoit tester, j’y passay la nuit, et le vis partir le 11? avec Son Detachem-
dans le meilleur ordre. Ce Poste etant a peu pres en Etat de defense
je revins au Camp. Au lieu de ce Plan qui ne Fobligeoit^® point, a
combattre, ou qui lui donnoit en ce cas tout Favantage de la disposition,
et la Choix du Terrein, avec toute Sa Troupe ensemble, voicy celui qu’iP®
paroit avoir Sulvi.
17 September 1758
515
Etant arrive sur la hauteur, on n’apercut qu’un Seul feu mais I’Enseigne
Chew qui avoir ete reconnoitre dit que les Indiens couchoient dans des
Blockhouses faciles a forcer. II y envoya le Major Lewis avec 400 homes,
quelque confusion I’etant arrivee dans les Troupes, il craignit d’avoir ete
decouvert, et retourna joindre le Major Grant, qui y renvoya Sur le
Champ deux Partis d’Highlanders: Ils visiterent les Blockhouses, et
n’y trouverent personne, Ils y mirent le feu, et Se retirerent.
Le Major Selon Ses ordres n’avoit plus qu’a Se retirer mais il Se mit
malheureusem^ dans I’Esprit que la Garnison etoit trop foible pour oser
risquer une sortie Et en consequence il resta sur la hauteur jusqu’au jour.
Il fit alors battre le reveil en differens Endroits et ordonna au Major
Lewis de S’aller poster en Embuscade au Bagage avec 100 R. A. et 150
Virginians; 200 Highl: 100 Alaryl: et 100 Pens: furent places sur les
hauteurs et il envoya le Capt"® M'^Donald“^ avec 100 Highl: tambour
battant droit au Port: on avoir decouvert un Party Sortlr de la Garnison,
et il y a apparence qu’il vouloit lui couper la Retraite: A peine McDonald
fut a moitie Chemin, qu’ils entenderent le Hoop des Indiens [celajt
suivi immediatem* d’une sortie d’environ 800 tant frangois que Sauvages,
qui vinrent fondre Sur luy. Il leur tua tant de gens de Son premier feu
qu’ils S’ecarterent & I’enveloperent, il perga au travers d’Eux, ou il fut
tue. Les Compagnies de Alonro, et Hu. M^^Kenzie qui descendirent a
Son Secours furent mises en desordre, et les Capt"®® tues, Comme les
Ennemis recevoient continuellem^ des renforts routes les Troupes furent
bientot engages, et le feu Se soutint long terns Sans que nos gens pliassent.
Le Major Lewis qui etoit a pres de deux miles entendant le feu, presse
par Ses officiers et les Soldats quitta son Poste pour aller a leur Secours;
Il arriva justement au moment que nos gens Se retiraient en desordre
Sur Son Poste, d avoir gagne une hauteur qui avoir mis ses gens hors
d’haleine, et en paroissant ils Se trouverent sous le feu de I’Ennemy;
L’action fut cependant encore tres vive et long terns disputee, Enfin nos
gens plierent et ce ne fut plus qu’tine Scene de Confusion, malgre tons
les Efforts du Major Grant pour les rallier: Ils auroient ete tallies en
Pieces probablenT Sans le Cap"® Bullet des Virginiens qui avec 100 homes
Soutint le Combat contre routes leurs Forces jusqu’a ce qti’ayant perdu
les deux tiers de Ses gens il fut potisse du cote de la Riviere, ou il trotiva
le pauvre Major. Il le pressa de Se retirer, mais il lui dit qu’il ne quitteroit
pas le Champ de Bataille tant qu'il y auroit un homme qui voudroit
combattre.
My heart is broke /Said he/. I shall never outlive this day. Ils furent
bientot envelopes, et les frangois I’apellant par Son nom lui offrirent
Quartier. Il n’en voulut point Ils ne voulurent point tirer Sur luy, voulant
le faire Prisonier. Le Cap"® Bullet tiroit toujours, a la fin ils tirerent
t Stricken out.
516
17 September 1758
aussi et renverserent Son Party dans I’Ohio, on un grand nombre Se
noya: Bullet S’echapa, mais je n'ay aucune nouvelle du iMajor: Au
premier avis de son malheur, j'envoyai le Col. Stephen avec 300 homes
jomdre le L* Col. Dagworthy pour couvrir leur retraite. Les Indiens ne
poursuivirent pas fort loin; Notre Perte est tres considerafble] en officiers,
et il manque encore 270 homes; Plusieurs ont passe la Riviere, et on croit
qu’il en echapera beaucoup:
Nos Catawbas n’ont pas tire un Coup de fusil, et les Tuscaroras et
Nattaways-- ont tres bien fait.
II paroit par le temoignage des Indiens et de nos gens que les Ennemis
ont perdu beaucoup de monde, surtout les Indiens: Les Francois ne
cherchoient pas a trier, mais a faire des Prisoniers; et il Semble que pour
la p’’® fois ils ont montre de Thumanite: ce qui me fait esperer que le
Major et plusieurs des officiers qui nous manquent seront Sauves.
J’ay ecrit au Col. Washington de marcher a Reas Town laissant 100
homes a Cumberland, jusqu’a I’arrivee des Milices du Maryland; Ce
Renfort etoit necessaire pour assurer nos Convoys Sur la Communication.-^
Centre mon attente les Troupes ne paroissent point abatues de cet
Echeck et Si tout etoit pret daillieurs Elies Seroient plus disposes que
jamais d’aller en avant. Les Raports d’une action dans les Bois sont si
Confus que je ne puis vous rendre un Compte exact de ce qui s’est passe,
mais je vous envoyeray un officier des que je Scauray lequel est le mieux
au fait.-®
Beaucoup d’armes Sont brisees, quelques unes perdues; Il en faudra
avoir [quelques unes]t d’autres pour les remplacer. On assure que les
Delawar et les Shawanese etoient contre nous, et parmi les gens pris ou
Scalpes autour du Camp est un allemand®'^ qui venoit dit on de I’Ohio,
et que je suppose celui qui a ete envoye par le Gouv^ de Pensylvanie.®^
Les Ennemis avoient receu un Renfort considerable la veille de I’action.
Les Raports sur leur nombre varient de 3000 a 1200: On a decouvert
Sur rile un Camp de plus de 100 Tentes Pour la nature des Chemins,
I’Etat du Fort, je me refere au Raport que vous fera I’officier; La Place
est beaucoup plus considerable que nous ne I’avons cru, et ils y ont ajoute
beaucoup de nouveaux Ouvrages.
Nous n’avons pas aperceu un Indlen depuis 8 Jours on croit qu’apres
ce Succes il Sera difficile aux francois de les garder.
J’envoyeray une Lettre au Gouverneur®® pour Scavoir le Sort de [nosjt
ceu.x®’' qui manquent.
Les Provinciaux paroissent avoir tres bien fait, et leurs bons homes
sont plus propres a cette guerre que les Troupes reglees.
t Stricken out.
17 September 1758
517
Je n’ai’outeray aucune Reflexion Sur cette affaire, Elies sont trop de-
sagreables: Si les frangois veulent nous attaquer a leur tour, nous Serons
dans^® deux Jours en Etat de les recevoir, etant tous reunis dans ce Poste.
J’ay rhoneur d’etre
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss* serviteur
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] Letter Cob Bouquet Loyal Hannon 17“^ Sep’' 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp at Loyalhanna, September 17, 1758.
Sir:
In your present situation, ill, etc.,^ it is doubly regrettable that I have
to inform you of the misfortune which has befallen Major Grant.^ After
a long engagement he was defeated on the 14th of this month.
I make no apology regarding the part I have in this affair. I leave it
to an account of the facts to condemn or justify me.
The day I arrived in camp on the 7th of this month, one after another
came to report that we were surrounded by Indian parties; several soldiers
had been scalped or taken prisoners. Being obliged to keep our cattle
and horses in the woods, our men could not guard them or look for
them w’ithout being continually exposed to falling into enemy hands.
As Lieutenant Colonel Dagworthy and our Indians had not yet arrived,
I gave orders for two parties of a hundred men each to hold the® paths
and try to cut off the retreat of the enemy and recapture our prisoners.
When these detachments w'ere ready to march. Major Grant drew me
aside and told me that he was surprised that I should take such a measure,
after so many repeated proofs that these small parties never accomplished
anything, and served only to make us lose men and discourage our
people; but if I was willing to give him 500 men, he would go to the
fort; reconnoiter the roads and the forces of the enemy, which — accord-
ing to all our intelligences — did not exceed 600 men, including French-
men and Indians. This was confirmed by a party returning the previous
day. Whatever detachments they were able to send out, they could not
send more men than he would have; and by setting an ambush on their
retreat he would be able to take some prisoners.
I raised some difficulties about letting him go, but as he insisted and
I was im.pressed by his reasons and the circumstances in which we were
placed, I consented® to it and countermanded the tw'o parties which were
under arms.
518
17 September 1758
Having had Colonel Burd and Major Lewis called (As Lieutenant
Colonel Stephens was under arrest, I asked his major to inform him of
the matter),® I communicated to these gentlemen Major Grant’s
proposal,^ which could procure trustworthy intelligences for us, and some
advantage over the Indians who were insulting us with impunity every
day; and that this would be the means of curing® our men of the panic
terror they had ot them, for those who escaped that day had thrown away
their arms in order to flee more quickly.
I asked them to give me their sentiments on a project about which
I had spoken several times with Major Grant at Raystown,® which was
to attack during the night the Indians camping in huts around the fort.
And that the plan would he carried out as follows:
Lieutenant Colonel Dagworthy (who was to arrive that evening or the
next day with the Indians) would march with 900 men to the post which
had been reconnoitered ten miles away, would build an entrenchment
there, and remain there with 200 men.
The major would march with^® 300 Highlanders, 100 Royal Americans,
150 Virginians, 100 Marylanders, 100 Pennsylvanians, and all the Indians
in the direction of the fort, regulating his marches so as to be five miles
from the fort at the beginning of night, with the precautions necessary to
prevent a surprise; and from there he would send Indians and those of
our officers who knew the environs of the place to reconnolter. If he found
from the enemy’s dispositions that he had not been discovered, he would
advance upon the height half a mile^^ from the fort, where he himself
would reconnolter the fires of the Indians to make his plans accordingly.
In case he saw^- them around their fires, he would send part of his
detachment with white shirts over their uniforms to go and attack them
a little after midnight, with bayonets fixed in their rifles, not firing a shot
except in extremity — for it was not difficult^® to surprise them as they
never posted sentinels.
When this stroke had been made or lost, he would have a retreat beaten
from the height where he himself was to stay with^^ the rest of the troops
and the Indians; and as soon as his men, directed by the sound, should
have joined him, he was immediately to retreat six miles from the fort
before daybreak, and set up an ambush there with all his men and
Indians, in case the enemy followed him, also leaving small parties around
the place to observe their movements and inform him about them.^®
If he defeated^® them in the ambush, he could then return in complete
safety to the fort to have a plan of it made and reconnolter the vicinity.
But if through his spies or himself he considered that he had been dis-
covered,^^ he should think only of retreating.
There is the plan which was agreed upon,^® and for the execution of
which the necessary preparations were made the next day.
17 September 1758
519
On the 9th he left, and I joined him on the 10th at the post where Lieu-
tenant Colonel Dagworthy was to stay. I spent the night there, and saw
him leave on the 11th with his detachment in the best order. As this post
was very nearly in condition for defense, I returned to the camp. Instead
of this plan which did not at all oblige him^® to fight, or which gave him in
that case all the advantage of arrangements and the choice of terrain,
with all his troop together, this was what he seemed to have followed:"®
When they arrived on the height, only a single fire was seen, but Ensign
Chew who had been reconnoitering said that the Indians were sleeping in
blockhouses easy to capture. He sent Major Lewis there with 400 men.
Some confusion occurring among his troops, he feared he had been discov-
ered and returned to join Major Grant, who sent back immediately two
parties of Highlanders. They visited the blockhouses, and found no one
there. They set fire to them and withdrew.
The major, according to his orders, had but to retreat, but he unfor-
tunately got the notion that the garrison was too weak to dare risk a
sortie, and consequently he remained on the height until daybreak. He
then had the reveille beaten in different places and ordered Major Lewis
to go and station himself in ambush by the baggage with 100 Royal
Americans and 150 Virginians. 200 Highlanders, 100 Marylanders, and
100 Pennsylvanians were stationed on the heights, and he sent Captain
McDonald"^ with 100 Highlanders, with the drum beating, straight to the
fort. A party sallying from the garrison had been discovered, and there
is likelihood that he wanted to cut off its retreat. McDonald was scarcely
halfway when they heard the whoop of the Indians, followed immediatel}'’
by a sortie of about 800 French and Indians, who came and fell upon
him. He killed so many of their men by his first volley that they spread
out and surrounded him. He pierced through them, doing which he was
killed. Monro’s and Hugh McKenzie’s companies which went down to aid
him were thrown into disorder, and the captains were killed. As the enemy
continually received reinforcements, all the troops were very soon engaged,
and the firing kept up for a long time without our men yielding.
M ajor Lewis, who was almost two miles away, hearing the shots, pressed
by his officers and the soldiers, left his post to go to their aid. He arrived
just at the moment when our men were retreating in disorder upon his
post. He had reached a height which had made his men out of breath
and, on appearing, they found themselves under enemy fire. The action,
however, was still very lively and disputed for a long time. Finally, our
men gave way and it was but a scene of confusion, despite all Major
Grant’s efforts to rally them. They would probably have been cut to
pieces but for Captain Bullet of the Virginians who with 100 men sus-
tained the battle with all their forces until, having lost two-thirds of his
men, he was pushed in the direction of the river, where he found the poor
520
17 September 1758
major. He urged him to retreat, but he told him he would not leave the
field of battle as long as there was a man who would fight.
“My heart is broke,” said he, “I shall never outlive this day.” They
were soon surrounded, and the Frenchmen, calling him by name, offered
him quarter. He did not wish it. They did not want to fire on him, wishing
to take him prisoner. Captain Bullet still fired, and in the end they fired,
too, and routed his party into the Ohio, where a large number drowned.
Bullet escaped, but I have no news of the major. On the first word of his
misfortune, I sent Lieutenant Colonel Stephen with 300 men to join Lieu-
tenant Colonel Dagworthy in order to cover their retreat. The Indians
did not pursue very far. Our loss is very considerable in officers, and 270
men are still missing. Several crossed the river, and it is believed that
many escaped in this way.
Our Catawbas did not fire a shot, and the Tuscaroras and Nattaways^^
have done very well.
It seems from the evidence of the Indians and of our men that the
enemy lost many men, especially Indians. The Frenchmen did not try to
kill, but to make prisoners; and it seems that for the first time they have
shown humanity, which makes me hope that the major and several of the
officers who are missing will be saved.
I wrote Colonel Washington to march to Raystown, leaving 100 men
at Cumberland, until the arrival of the Maryland militia. This reinforce-
ment was necessary to protect our convoys on the communication.^®
Contrary to my expectation, the troops do not seem at all depressed
by this setback, and if everything were ready, moreover, they would be
more disposed than ever to go forward. The reports of an action in the
woods are so confused that I cannot give you an exact account of what
happened, but I shall send you an officer as soon as I learn which is the
best informed.®®
Many arms are broken, and some lost. It will be necessary to get others
to replace them. It is asserted that the Delawares and Shawnees were
against us, and among the men taken or scalped around the camp is a
German®^ who came, it is said, from the Ohio, and whom I suppose is
the one who was sent by the Governor of Pennsylvania.®® The enemy had
received a considerable reinforcement the eve of the action. The reports
on their number vary from 3000 to 1200. A camp of more than 100 tents
was discovered on the island. As to the nature of the roads, the condition
of the fort, I refer to the report the officer will make to you. The place is
much more considerable than we believed it to be, and they have added
many new works to it.
We have not seen an Indian for a week. It is believed that after this
success it will be difficult for the French to keep them.
17 September 1758 521
I shall send a letter to the Governor-® to find out the fate of the-^
missing.
The provincials seem to have done very well, and their good men are
more suitable for this warfare than the regular troops.
I shall add no reflection regarding this affair. They are too disagree-
able. If the French wish to attack us in their turn, we shall be in condi-
tion to receive them in-® two days, being all assembled in this post.
I have the honor to be.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* There are similar copies in the Amherst Papers, W.O. 34:44, f. 351, and in the
Abercromby Papers, f. 669. There is an unsigned, incomplete A. C. in B. M., Add.
MSS. 21640, f. 167. An English version is printed in Darlington, Fort Pitt, pp. 75-81.
Any variations between copies and letter are indicated by footnotes. Otherwise they
differ only in arrangement of words.
^ The A. C. retains “malade, et eloigne de rarmee,” (ill and far from the army,).
^ The A. C. reads: “au Party du Major Grant” (Major Grant’s party).
“The A. Df. uses “deux” (two) instead of “les.”
‘The A. C. reads “Indiens.”
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, September 11.
“The A. Df. uses “Project” (plan) instead of “L’affaire.”
''The A. C. is slightly different from here, reading: “et la necessite d’avoir des Intel-
ligences Sures, et de tacher d’obtenir quelque avantage,” etc. (the necessity of getting
trustworthy intelligences and of trying to obtain some advantage, etc.).
“The A. C. reads: “guerir par la” (in that way curing, etc.).
“The A. C. adds: “comme d’une affaire praticable,” (as a practical matter).
“The A. C. merely specifies: “la reste du Detachement et tons les Indiens” (the rest
of the detachment and all the Indians).
““The A. C. reads: “600 Pas” (600 paces).
“The A. C. uses “vit” instead of “apergut.”
“The A. C. has: “impossible” instead of “difficile.”
“The A. C. reads: “avec 200 homes et les Indiens.” (with 200 men and the Indians).
“This paragraph is omitted from the copies in the Amherst and Abercromby Papers.
“The A. C. reads: “S’il reussissoit a les battre” (If he should succeed in defeating
them) .
“ The A. C. adds: ' “ce qu’il pourroit aisement juger s'il ne voyoit auciin Indien campe
hors de I’enceinte du Fort,” (which he could easily judge if he saw no Indian camped
outside the enclosure of the fort.).
“The A. C. uses, “aprouve” (approved).
“The A. C. reads: “I’Exposoit” (expose).
“The A. C. elaborates at this point: “qu’il a Suivi, et ses fatales Consequences Selon
une Lettre du Lieut Bentinck qui etoit marche comme voluntaire.” (This was what
he follow'ed and its fatal consequences, according to a letter from Lieutenant Ben-
tinck who had marched as a volunteer.). The A. C. ends here.
^ Capt. William McDonald.
“The copies in the Amherst and .Abercromby Papers add here: “/14 in all/.”
“These paragraphs are omitted from the copies in the Amherst and .Abercromby
Papers.
522
17 September 1758
Not identified.
Amherst and Abercromby copies add: “selon vos Ordres.” (according to your
orders.).
"'’The Amherst and Abercromby copies add: “de Fort du Quesne.” The governor of
Fort Duquesne was Capt. Frangois le Marchand de Lignery. See Bouquet to de
Ligneris, September 19.
The Amherst and Abercromby copies use “nos” (ours) instead of “ceux.”
"®The Amherst and Abercromby copies use “en” instead of “dans.”
BOUQUET TO JAMES SINCLAIR
[Camp at Loyalhanna, Sept. 17, 1758]
Letter missing, but received and acknowledged by Sinclair in his to Bouquet, Septem-
ber 20. The letter apparently registered a complaint against Callender’s returns of the
pack horses, which Bouquet had requested. See Bouquet to Burd, September 1, also
Sinclair to Bouquet, September 14.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Camp at Loyaihanna, c. Sept. 17, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, September 24.
Apparently the letter gave an account of Grant’s defeat at Duquesne, also orders for
Armstrong’s detachment.
EORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. Ifi.'i, L. S.]*
S"
Raes Town Sep^ 171’’ 1758
I got to this place night before last, and found every thing very quiet,
altho’ I had a good deal of inquietude with regard to your Provisions, of
which you had acquainted me in your letter of the 131’’^ but your letter
of the 13”’- and 14”’^ that came to Col’ Mercer 3"esterday morning quite
alarmed me, so tmu might believe I lost not a moments time in sending
3'ou all the assistance that I could, altho’ upon enquir}^ Lieu^ S” Clair^ in-
formed me that there were provisions in plenty sent to you, which tho
perhaps not then come to hand, yet your anxiety upon that head must
bt" that time have been relieved by a letter® that Cob mercer had sent
\mu Express.
I am equalj- embarrassed wdth regard to Eort Cumberland, where they
are in great want, and that intirely owing to the neglect of the Commis-
sarys; I have run directly to Cob Washington” and Govern^ Sharp’’^ to
quiet their minds as much as possible upon that head, but I have seen
with regret for this some time past a Jealousy and suspicion [from]t sub-
sisting on the part of the Virginians which they can have no reason for,
t Stricken out.
17 September 1758
523
as I believe neither you nor I values one farthing where we get provisions
from, provided we are supplyed, or Interest ourselves either with Virginia
or Pennsylvania, which last I hope will be damn’d for their treatment of
us w'ith the Waggons, and every other thing where they could profit by
us from their impossltions, Altho’ at the risque of our perdition All this I
have by letters again and again acquainted the Govern?' The Commis-
sioners, and the principal people of Philadelphia with, and notwithstand-
ing I hear you have been told the Contrary I have wrote to Govern?"
Denny as you desired a publick letter® to be shewn to the Assembly in
the strongest words I could conceive, as likewdse to AP Isaac Norris, AT
Israel Pemberton, AP Allen, AP Hughes, and Al'' Galway, besides a
flumary letter^ along with S"'' John to the Commissioners, all requesting
their aid and assistance in procuring of Waggons, leaving the price to be
paid them by us, to themselves, only beging that there might be no time
lost in the execution, for in that case I had sent down S'*' John Clair
with my possitive orders to call in the whole troops from their Eastern
frontier, and to sweep the whole Country indiscriminately of every Wag-
gon, Cart, or Horse that he could find.
This I hope by this time has had its effect, and therefore I hope we
shall have no farther complaints, particularly as some quickening letters^*^
of mine to AP Howell and AP Kilby has succeeded to Admiration, AP
Howell writing me that he has already dispatched from Philadelphia 460
BarP® of the best Pork, and has 400 more ready to send off as soon as
the Waggons comes in, which now as they are to be paid so much p huiH
Weight come in apace and of their own accord, so that I fancy by this
time we have near 900 Barrells of Pork all upon the road betwixt this
and Philadelphia. Flour &c^ I expect in proportion, and this very day I
send of an Express with an open order^^ to be shewn to all the Waggon
Alasters, and officers who command the escortes, to hasten up their Con-
voys with proper dilligence so as not to ruin the Horses.
Cob Washington came here last night and goes back to Fort Cumber-
land this day in order to march the Virginia troops here as soon as
possible
Cob Armstrong wrote me desiring he might have a party of 300 men
of his own Regim? to go against Venango. I assure you I have had that
long in view, but do not know at this time how proper it would be, as a
repulse to any of our partys may be of bad consequence. I beg therefore
you will examine into the practicability of such an attempt, as likewise into
the difficulties that may attend it the succeeding in such a thing wmuld
be as lucky to us as the Landing at Louisbourg was to them.
I am sorry to hear you complain of the roads, as S*'' John told me they
were so extreamly good. I hope therefore you will give necessary direc-
tions about them and if easily executed the cutting of the flank roads
upon each side of the great road which will greatly shorten our Line of
524
17 September 1758
March and facilitate our forming in order of Battle. I suppose I shall see
you soon and we shall talk over these and several other affairs. My Com-
pliments to Major Grant and the rest of the officers and believe me
Dear S'''
most sincerely
Y’’ very hum'® serv^ &c
Jo: Forbes
C: Bradstreet has taken Cataraqui'^ with all their ship’s and a great
booty of Furrs &c &c the particulars I have not time to write you but 1
wish the French and Indians knew it pray haste down, hut leave nothing
undone, and strict Look out for fear of a Surprize. I shall fire a feu de joye
here to morrow
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes 17"’ 7ber
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 212-214.
* Not found. This letter may be the note mentioned by Forbes in his letter to
Bouquet, October 15, which see.
° Not found.
^ See Bouquet to Mercer, September 14.
* Capt. James Sinclair. See his letter to Bouquet, September IS.
See Mercer to Bouquet, September 14,
“Forbes to Washington. Papers of George Washington, IX, 11S6. A. L. S., printed in
James, Writings of General John Forbes, 210-211, also in Hamilton, Letters to
Washington, III, 103.
'’Forbes to Sharpe, H. S. P., MSS., Dreer Coll., L. S., jirinted in James, Writings of
General John Forbes, 211-212, also in Pa. Mag. of Hist. & Biog. Vol. XXXIII, 90-91.
“ Forbes to Denny, September 9, which see. Other letters not found.
“ Not found.
Not found.
” Not found.
Fort Frontennc.
Sir
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 219, A. L. S.l
Stoney Creek 179’ Sep"' 1758 A:M:
On looking Over Coll: Flamilton's Instructions' & finding there are
Strong partys of the Enemy Out & your Orders to Evacuate the Forts
Dudgeon & Dewart in Order to Strengthen the Escorts, it is done in this
manner. Cap' IVTKnight being unwell, Cap' Patterson- with the Garrison
at F Dudgeon & the party with Ensign OuiesiE is Charg’d with the Con-
voy of Flour, which makes an escort of about 70 Men. Col: Hamilton
takes the Convoy of Waggons expected here in an hour or two their
Number I have not heard, but believe the Flour & them to be what you
call the principal Convoy, the flour may be up at least a day before the
19 September 1758
525
Waggons. Major Jamison^ is Oblig’d to take Physick at this place, and
Cap^ Armstrong® proceeds with the Waggons & Sick for Reas’Town, being
join’d by Cap* Weatherhold & his fifty at Dewart. M'' Wetherhold must
have the Command, but it is recommended to him to consult with the
Other, part of the fifty to remain here, is Sent to Dewart with all Our Batt
Horses, in Order to bring here what Provisions and Tools may be at that
Post. & the Same measure is taken for a few Sick, & any thing that may
be at Dudgen. the present Circumstances forbids what I was ready to
execute in regard of the Bridges, except such as are near this Post, we
are Building the Shade or Cover for Stores. I hope to be favour’d with
an Answer to my request in my last, and am Sir,
Your Most Obedient Humb^ Serv?
Jo“ Armstrong
Coll: Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] Col. Armstrong l?**^ Sept''
' Bouquet to Hamilton, c. September 13, which see.
° Probably Capt. James Patterson.
® Ens. Joseph Quitksell.
^ Major David Jameson.
* Probably Capt. William Armstrong.
BOUQUET TO BEANE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 69, A. C S.]*
[September 19, 1758]
By Henry Bouquet Esq'' Colonel in the R. A. R. and Commanding the
British Troops at the advanced Post
To Ensign Archibald Blane of the R. A. R.
Sir
You are ordered to march from this Camp with [....] two Sergeants*
one Drummer and thirty [Privates.?] to proceed wP' a Elagg of Truce
toward Fort du Quesne; and when in Sight of the Fort, you are to Halt,
and beat a Parley,- to deliver my Letter^ for the Governor, of whom I
have desired an Escort for you as far as our advanced Post.
Given under my hand at the Camp at Loyal Hannon the Nineteenth of
SepC 1758
Henry Bouquet
Col. in the R. A. R.
[To Ensign Blane of the R. A. R.]t
t Stricken out.
526
19 September 1758
[Endorsed] Copy of the orders given to [Ensign] Blane [ ] a
[Flag] to [Fort Duquesne]
Original not found.
^ Not identified.
■ Parley, an oral conference with the enemy.
^ Bouquet to de Ligneris, September 19, which see.
Sir
BOUQUET TO DE LIGNERIS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 70, C.]*
Camp at Loyal Hannon 19-'^ Sept^' 1758
Major Grant, & Some officers and Soldiers of his Detatchment are
missing Since the affair of the 14**^ Ins^
I beg Sir [you] would inform^ me of [those men] that I may Supply
them [with what is necessary]
I am fully persuaded that the Wounded [will receive] the [same] as-
sistance from you, that [the Troops] of His Most Christian Majesty have
in like Circumstances [havejt always met with, from the British officers,
who without any distinction, have treated them as their own.
To prevent any Insult from your Indians, I hope, Sir, you will have
the officer- and Party that brings you this, escorted back to our advanced
Post
I am great Regard
Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Henry Bouquet
Col. in the R. A. R.
Commanding the British Troops
at the advanced Post
To The Governor of Fort Du Quesne
The above is a true Coppy of Coll: Bouquets
letter to the Governour of Fort Du Quesne of
this date which we have read & Compalred
James Burd Coll: 2'? B. P: R: Adam Stephen L* Col 1- V Rg*^
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
^See de Ligneris to Bouquet, September 22.
® Ens. Archibald Blane. See Bouquet to Blane, September 19.
527
19 September 1758
FORBES TO BARROW
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 220, D. S.]
[Camp near Raystown, Sept. 19, 1758]
[ABSTRACT]
Order to Thomas Barrow, deputy paymaster general, for subsistence money for four
companies of the Royal American Regiment to be paid to Capt. James Young.
{Endorsed] James Young Paymaster to the Pensylvania Reg^ on
Acc- of Aloney Advanced by him to M’’ Billings Pay RR
To the first Battalion of Royal Americans for Subsistance
to the 25^** of June 1758.
Sterling /809" 7" 9^
JOSEPH SHIPPEN TO EDWARD SHIPPEN
[H. S. P., Shippen Militar>' Letter Book, f. 98, A. Df. S.]*
D^ & hon Sir
Camp at Rays Town 19'^'* Sept. 1758
By an Express arrived this Morning from Cob Bouquet^ at Loyal
Hanning, we have the following piece of disagreeable piece of News. That
Major Grant (of the Highland Regf) having marched from thence with
about 800 Men, proceeded as far as Fort Du Quesne, where he arrived
the 131*“ Inst, in the Night time, with a View to surprize & cutt off all the
French & Indians, that might be in the Out Houses about the Fort, &
then draw out part of the Garrison into an Ambuscade, but luckily he
found no Body in the Houses, & Immediately set fire to & destroyed them,
and retired to the Woods about J4 of a Mile from the Fort, where he
encamped that Night; Major Lewis being left behind a Mile & a half with
about 300 Men to form the Ambuscade, [but unluckily he found no Body
in the Houses, & immediately set fire to & destroyed them, & retired to
the Woods, about a 14 of a Mile from the Fort where he encamped that
Night; Alajor Lewis being left behind a Alile & a half with about 300
Men to form the Ambuscade.]! The French remained very quiet all
this time in the Fort till about 7 [o Clock]! in the Morning when they
rushed out with a very superior Body of Indians (supposed to be 1000)
to attack Alajor Grant, who was disposed to receive them; & as they came
thro’ the cleared Ground gave them a Fire, which killed a Number of the
[Enemy]! Indians; as soon as the Enemy had got into the Woods the
t Stricken out.
528 19 September 1758
Engagement became Warm, in which all the Officers & Men behaved like
Soldiers.
Major Lewis after waiting a considerable Time, & finding no Appear-
ance of a Retreat to his Ambuscade, marched up his Party in haste to
sustain Major Grant, & immediately joined warmly in the Action, which
continued till 11 oClock; when our Troops being much diminished &
broken & no hopes of Success left them were obliged to retire to our
advanced Post 10 Miles beyond Loyal Hanning. — our Loss amounts to
22 Officers (out of 34) killed or missing & 4 wounded & 273 Men killed &
40 wounded.
Tis said (but how true I know not) that Cap* Bullet (of the Virgin”®)
saw Major Grant (an Experienced & brave Officer) sitting in the Field
after the Action & begged him to come away, but he resolutely refused,
say" his Heart was broken & he could not survive the Loss of that Day; &
it is supposed he is taken. Major Lewis fell very soon after his Party
engaged.
I enclose You a Letter with the List- of Officers killed & wounded &c“
which I just now received from Loyal Hannon. We are assured a very
considerable Number of the Enemy were killed.
I cannot give You a more distinct Acco* at present from what I have
been able to collect, as many Particulars cannot be yet ascertained to us.
The Troops now breathe nothing but Revenge & are in high Spirits.
I hope we shall not be detained long here by the Want of Waggons, when
a sufficient Number of them arrives here we shall push forward with all
Expedition.
The General is now in not a very good State of Efealth, but that will
not prevent him from moving on — I am with my Love to our Family &
Friends —
D'' Sir
Your Affectionate Son
Joseph Shippen
To Edward Shippen Esq” in Lancaster.
* Original not found.
” Probably Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, September 17, with news of Grant’s defeat,
which see.
"See List of Casualties, September 14.
i
529
20 September 1758
ESTIMATE FOR BUILDING BATEAUS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 224, A. Df. S.]*
[Loyal Hannon, Sept. 20, 1758]
Six Men in two Days turns off a Battoe 24 Foot long 1 Man to flitch
Knees — 1 Sawyer for Plank — to make 2 Battoes in two Days — 14 Car-
penters and 2 Sawyers — and to make six Battoes in two Days requires
44 [Carpenters]! Ship Carpenters, six Sawyers — [and]t allowing 2 to
cork 1 Barrel of Pitch and 100 Gross Weight of Oakum will cork 13
Battoes.
Loyal Hannon 20''' Sep'"' 1758.
Harry Gordon
Chief-Engineer
N. They must bring their Axes and Adzes and Gimblets.
[Endorsed hi Bouquet’s handwriting] Calculation for Battoes
* Original not found.
+ Stricken out.
HESS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .'\dd. MSS. 21643, f. 222, A. L. S.]
[Lancaster, Sept. 20, 1758]
Monsieur
Si Vos importantes et continueiles occupations ne me firent point at-
tendre une response sur mes precedentes,^ Vous pouvez juger de la satis-
faction, que me causa Votre consolente Lettre du 16? d’Aoust,- qui
certainement eut plus d’effet sur moi, que routes les drogues, que j’ai prises
jusques ici inutilement; et reveilla mes esprits auparavant tout a fait
abattfis, heureuse! si en meme terns mon corp eut senti le meme effet,
car j’aurois ete moi meme le porteur de Celle ci — Mais il plait a Dieu de
me visiter, et je crains, que je dois abandonner route pensee a faire cette
Campagne, meme de remercier le Tout puissant, sTl me veut remettre en
Sante pour la prochaine. Ales poumons sont attaques, et suivant les
symptomes, les Medecins trouvent, que le mal est deja envetere; Je suis
actuellement sous les mains d’un Docteur de cette Ville, les drogues duquel
n’ont pas eu un heureux effet jusques ici, mais comme la maladie est
dangereuse, et qu'il faut aller avec precaution, je ne dois pas perdre
patience, ni desesperer.
J’ai ete charme d’apprendre que Vous avancez au petit pas, mais avec
surete, tout le monde admire vos precautions, qui vous ont jusqu’ici fait
eviter route surprise, et vous souhaitent un heureux succes de tous leurs
Coeurs.
530
20 September 1758
Si vous avez deja senti du froid, il est probable que le meme froid fera
perdre les feuilles aux arbres, et par consequent la marche moins
dangereuse.
Colonel Bradstreet vient de Vous rendre un bon service, en
s’emparant du Fort Frontenac, et de tous les batteaux que s’y trouvoient,
ce que coupe la communication de Montreal d’avec le Fort DuQuesne,
et effrayera de Beaucotip des Indiens.
Le bon Dieu rende toutes vos entreprises aisees, et preside a tous vos
Conseils, et vous protege au milieu des dangeurs, et si je n’ai pu vous
prouver mon zele a vous servir cette Campagne, j’espere que cela me sera
reserve pour la prochaine, et ne diminuera point la bienveillance, dont
Vous m’avez toujours honore et laquelle je Vous prie de continuer a Celui
qui a I’honneur d’etre avec beaucoup de respect,
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Em^ Hess
Lancastre ce 20® de septembre 1758.
[Endorsed] Lieut- Hesse 20 7bre
[TRANSLATION]
Sir:
[Lancaster, Sept. 20, 1758]
As your important and continual duties made me expect no answer to
my previous letters,^ you can imagine the pleasure that your consoling
letter of August 16^ gave me. It certainly did me more good than all
of the drugs which, up to the present time, I have taken in vain. It
raised my spirits which had been in the depths before. How wonderful it
would have been if it could have had the same effect on my body! Then,
I might have brought this in person. But, it is God’s will to afflict me
like this, and I fear that I must give up all hope of making this cam-
paign and should even thank the Almighty if he will restore me to health
for the next one. My lungs are affected and the doctors, judging by the
symptoms, find that the disease is already Incurable. At present I am
being treated by one of this town’s doctors. As yet his drugs have not
helped me, but as the illness is serious and one must progress slowly, I
must not lose patience or give way to despair.
I was delighted to learn that you are slowly but surely advancing.
Every one admires the precautions which you have taken and which
enabled you to avoid all surprise attacks up to the present time. They
heartily wish you complete success.
20 September 1758
531
If you have already felt the cold, it is probable that this very cold
wdl cause the leaves to fall, and consequently make the march less
dangerous.
Lieutenant Colonel Bradstreet has just done you a good service by
capturing Fort Frontenac and all the boats which w^ere there. This cuts
off communication betw'een Fort Duquesne and Montreal and will frighten
the Indians very much.
May the Good Lord aid 3mu in all of your undertakings, preside at all
your councils and protect you in the midst of danger. If I cannot prove
my zeal by serving 5^11 in this campaign, I hope that I shall be able to
do so in tbe next, and that it will not impair the benevolence with which
you have alwa^^s honored me. I beg jmu to continue to feel that way
tow'ards one who has the honour to be with great respect.
Sir
Your ver\^ humble and ver}' obedient servant,
Em? Hess Lt.
Lancaster, September 20, 1758.
^ No previous letters found, and no indications of their dates.
‘ Not found.
INVENTORY: EFEECTS OF OFFICERS AND TROOPS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 97, D. S.]
An Inventor}', of y*^ Officers & Soldiers Effects, that are Missing Since
y® Last Engagement, at Fort Du Quesne, of y® 2 Dlvis" 1“’ Batt"
of y® Royal American Reg^ Loyalhannon y® 20’’’’ 7br 1758
Lieut; Jn" Billings, Left here, One Small dleP box. One Port Mantle-
One pair of Boots, & a horse w**' Sadie & Brydle.
Lieut: W'" Ryder, — Left here, A port Mantle, a halfe a Tent.
En® Edw'ard Jenkins, Left here. One Matras, two Blanckets, One Quilt
Blancket, w?'* Cover for tw’o Pair of [Shets], One
Bear Skin, a Regimental Coath,^ two west
Coaths’^ One Pair of Breeches, One Anker,® west
coath 2 pair of Ditto Breeches, two Shirts, One
Night Cap, four Pair of Stockings, two Hanker-
cliiefs. One pair of old Boots, one blew Sartuffi
Coath, &. a Mare which is lame, & a Sadie &
Brvdle, pair Spors," & a Port Mantle which is
lock’d.
CoP Bouquets Comp? Missing five Private, Left here 4 Knapsacks 2
old West coaths.
20 September 1758
Missing 1 Corp^ & 8 Private, Left here: 6 Coaths
& 6 Knapsacks.
Missing 8 Private, Left here 1 Coath & 7 Knap-
sacks.
Missing 1 Serg‘ 1 Corp^ & 9 Private, Left here
5 Coaths, 4 pair of Breeches & 9 Knapsacks
R. Harding
Fran® Lander
Tho^ Jocelyn
R: Phillips
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Inventory of the Officers Effects
^ Probably “deal” referring to pine or fir wood.
■ Portmanteau, originally a form of bag adapted for use on horseback.
^ Regimental coat.
* Waistcoat.
■’ An old Dutch or German liquid measure used especially for liquor, equals about
ten gallons.
** Blue overcoat.
Spurs.
532
Cap^ Hardings Comp?
Cap*^ Landers Comp?
Capf Jocelyns Comp?
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. AL, Add. MSS. 21639, f. 64, A. L. S.]
Camp at Rays Town 20^*^ Septem? 1758
Sir/
I received the favour of your Letter of the I am sorry Captain
Calender’s List” has proved so incorrect; you may depend upon it, I shall
do every thing in my power to put that affair to rights, and to prevent
any imposition that may arrise from it.
General Eorbes has doutless informed you that he expects very large
Suplys, we shall certainly have a Convoy in to night or to morrow morn-
ing. I don’t think there is any reason to imagin we shall be disapointed,
and be assured I shall lose no time in forwarding Pork and such other
necessaries as shall be directed.
I have this day sent you off a hundred and fourteen horses loaded
with flower, some of ’em perhaps not so good as you could wish; but I
have the Generals Orders to discharge nothing that can carry a Load to
Loyal Hennon.
I shall always be glad to execute your Commands and beg you will
believe me with the greatest Respect
Sir
Your most Obedient and most humble Servant
James Sinclair
22 September 1758
533
The Commissary^ has transmitted to the Commissary at Loyal Hennon
an Invoice’^ of the Numbers of the Bags and the Weight of each N'^
CoL Bouquet
[Endorsed hi Bouquet's handzvriting] i\L Sinclair 20^'' 7ber
^ Not found.
"Not found, but probably refers to the list of pack horses requested by Bouquet.
See Bouquet to Burd, September 1, also Sinclair to Bouquet. September 1-f.
° Daniel Clark.
* Not found.
DE LIGNERIS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 226, A. L. S.]
an fort Dtiquesne le 22*? 7’^“'® 1758./.
Monsieur
II n’Etoit pas necessaire d’line recommendation de votre part, pour
m’Engager a traitter avec politesse et humamte AT® les [ojfficiers anglois
que nous avons Etis dans [L’a]ction du 14® de ce mois. La nation
francaise n’en a jamais use autrem* a L’Egarfd] des prisonniers, et je
Suis tres persuade Monsieur que Si vous En aviez des notres, vous feriez
[autant que] ce que j’ai fait pour cetix-cy. Je les ai preserve des insuites
qu’ils auroient pti recevoir de la part des Sauvages, par les precautions
que j’ai prise. Je letir ai rendus avec plaisir tous Les Services qtii ont
dependtis de moi. Je les ai fais partir Sous tine sure Escorte commandee
par un Lieutenf qtii entend les Langues Sauvages et qui a beaucoup de
pouvoir Sur L’Esprlt des nations; il Empechera qu’il n’arrive rlen de
facheux a vos Messieurs, qui Seront bientot rendus a Alontreal, ou je
Suis assure qu’ils ne manqueront de rien.
[J’ai] Envoye AI. de Rocheblave^ officler de [distinjction Escorter Sui-
vant vos desirs L’officier qui m’a remis la lettre que vous m’avez fait
L’honneur de m’Ecrire.
Comme je m’interresse particulierem' a AI. de Beletre- officier francols
[qui] fut pris I’annee dernier par vos Sauvages vous [me] ferez un grand
plaisir, Si vous voulez [ltd] avoir des Egards pour Lui, le retirer S’il Est pos-
sible, d’Entre les mains des Sauvages, et lui procurer quelqu’addoucissemf
dans Sa captivlte. Je me flatte que L’officier que j’Envoye Escorter votre
detachmf m’en donneras des notivelles certaines a Son retours. On m’a
dit qu’il Etoit vers Winchester avec Les Catabas, ou Charakis.
Je Suis avec respect
Alonsieur
Votre tres humble Et tres obeiss*^ Serviteur
Desligneris^
[Endorsed in Botiqueds handzvriting] Letter from the Governor of Fort
Duquesne 22? Sept? 1758
534
22 September 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Fort Duquesne, September 22, 1758.
Sir
A recommendation from you was unnecessary to induce me to give
civil and humane treatment to the English [officers,] whom we captured
in the action of the fourteenth of this month. The French nation has never
followed any other course in dealing with prisoners, and I am very certain.
Sir, that if 3mu had some of ours you would do [as much as] I have done
for yours. I protected them from the insults they might have received
from the savages, by the precautions I took. I gladly rendered them every
service in my power. I sent them off with a safe escort commanded by a
lieutenant who understands the languages of the savages and who has
great influence over them. He will prevent anything untoward from hap-
pening to your men, who will soon reach Montreal, where I am sure that
they will not want for an3^thing.
In compliance with your wishes, [I have] dispatched M. de Roche-
blave,^ a [distinguished] officer, to escort the officer who brought me the
letter you did me the honor of writing.
As I am personally interested in M. de Beletre,^ a French officer who
was captured b3^ your savages last year, you would do me a great favor
if you would look out for him and, if possible, free him from the savages
and also procure some alleviation of his captivity.
I flatter m3"self that the officer whom I am sending to escort your
detachment will give me good news upon his return. They tell me he is
near Winchester with the Catawbas or the Cherokees.
I am with respect.
Sir,
Your very humble and very obedient servant.
Desligneris®
^ Not identified.
° Capt. Frangois Mary Picote de Belestre was sent from Fort Niagara by Pouchot in
July, 1757, with 8 canoes of savages to raid British settlements wherever possible.
° Ligneris, Francois Le Marchand, Sieur de, a distinguished French officer. He was
mortally wounded during the siege of Fort Niagara in 1759, and died a prisoner.
LIST OF ENGLISH PRISONERS^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 225, D. S.]
[September 22, 1758]
Liste des officiers Anglais faits prisonniers aupres du fort Duquesne le
14^ de ce mois
23 September 1758
535
Major Grant
Cap°'‘ M'^Kenzie
Lieuten^ Rider .
Ens? Jenkins
Major Lewis
Ens? Hollar
Ens? M? Donald
reste a L’hopital; et blesse legerern*
, au Detroit avec les Hurons, il ne m’a pas Ete
possible de le retirer.
le 22? 7^^" 1758./.
Desligneris
[Endorsed] List of the Prisoners taken at Fort Duquesne Sept^
1758
[TRANSLATION]
[September 22, 1758]
List of the English officers taken prisoners near Fort Duquesne the 14th
of this month.
Major Grant
Captain M'^Kenzie
Lieutenant Rider
Ensign Jenkins
Major Lewis
Ensign Hollar
Ensign M'^Donald
September 22, 1758.
slightlj^ wounded and kept in the hospital.
at Detroit with the Hurons. It was impos-
sible for me to get him back.
Desligneris
^Probably enclosed with the letter from De Ligneris to Bouquet, September 22, which
see. Names identified elsewhere.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 173, L, S.]*
Raestown September 23'^ [1758]
Sir
Your letter of the 17“’^ from Loyal Hanning I read with no less sur-
prize than real Concern, as indeed I could not well believe that such an
attempt would have been carried into execution, without my previous
knowledge, and concurrence, as you well knew my opinion, and dread,
of the consequence of running any risque of the troops meeting with the
536
23 September 1758
smallest check. As well, As, my fears of alienating and altering the dis-
position of the Indians, at this critical time, who (tho fickle and waver-
yst weie seemingly well disposed to embrace our alliance and pro-
tection. But I need not recapitulate to you my many good reasons against
any attempt of this kind being made at this time, nor repeat to you, how
happy Your assuiances made me, of all my orders and directions having
been (and would be) complyed with, In which I rested secure, and
plummed myself m our good fortune, in having the head of our Army
advanced, as it were to the beard of the Enemy, and secured in a good
post well Guarded and Cautioned against surprize, our Roads almost
Compleated, Our provisions all upon wheels, and all this without any loss
on our side, And our small Army all ready to join and act in a Collected
Body whenever we pleased to attack the Enemy, or that any favourable
opportunity presented itself to us.
Thus the breaking in upon (not to say disappointment,) of our
hitherto so fair and flattering hopes of success, touches most sensibly, how
far we shall find the had effects of it, I shall not pretend to say. At
present I shall suspend judging, altho’ I have languished for the Officer"
you promised to send me down, who I have expected hourly, and a letter
from you of your present Situation, with the State of the posts, and the
strength at them, that the Escortes may be proportioned.
I acquainted® you of the state of our Provisions and the hopes I have
of being immediately Supplyed with a thousand Barrels of Pork and at
least 1200 Barrells of flour, all which by this time is actually upon its
march and will arrive here daily. So I shall forward it as fast as I can,
altho’ large convoyes and Escortes are very inconvenient. The Descrip-
tion of the roads is so various and disagreeable that I do not know what
to think or say. Lietff Evans^ came down here the other day and de-
scribed the Laurell hill as at present impracticable, but said he could
mend it with the assistance of 500 Men, Eascines, and Faggots, in one
days time. CoP Stephens writes® CoP Washington, that he is told by
everybody, that the road from Loyall Hannon to the Ohio and the
French Fort is now impracticable, for what reason, or why he writes
thus, I do not know, but I see CoP Washington and my friend CoP Byrd
would rather be glad this was true as other ways. Seeing the other road
(their favourite Scheme) was not followed out; I told them plainly, that
what ever they thought, yet I did avert that in our prosecuting the pres-
ent road, we had proceeded from the best Intelligence that could be got
for the good and convenience of the Army, without any views to oblige
any one Province or another, and added, that them two Gentlemen were
the only people that I had met with who had shewed their weakness
in their attachment to the Province they belong to, by declaring so pub-
lickly in favour of one road without their knowing any thing of the
other, having never heard from any Pennsylvania person one word about
23 September 1758
537
the road, and that as for myself I could safely say, and believed I might
answer for you, that the good of the service was the only view we had at
heart not valuing the Provincial Interest, Jealousys, or suspicions, one
single twopence, and that therefore I could not believe CoP Stephen’s
Descriptions, untill I had heard from you, which I hope you will very
soon be able to disprove. I fancy what I said more on this subject will
cure them from coming upon this Topic again, however I beg you will
cause look into the Laurell hill, & let it be set to rights as fast as possible,
and let all the different Posts, and the different Convoys of Escortes as
they pass along lto]t repair the bad steps, and keep the roads already
made in constant order.
I have sent M'" Basset back the length of Fort Loudoun in order to
divide the troops from thence to Juniata, in small partys all along that
road, who are to set it all to rights and keep it so, and as the part^^s are
all encamped within 5 or 6 miles one of another, they serve as Escortes to
the provisions and forage that is coming up at the same time.
I am extreamly sorry for your loss of De Rhorr,*"’ nor can I well con-
ceive what he had to do there, M’’ Gordon” who it seems had the direction
of the Works here, left this without leaving the plan or sketch of this
place or Environs, or leaving any directions as far as I can yet learn,
either with the people employed to carry the General plan into execu-
tion, or how that they were further to proceed, and notwithstanding the
Multiplicity of working tools, I am at a loss to find a sufficient number
for helping the roads and clearing the stumps, or other impediments
about the Camp, nor can I well imagine what is become of all the rest.
There are two wounded Highland officers® Just now arriv’d, who give
So lame an account of how matters proceeded, or any kind of Description
of the Ground that one can draw nothing from them, only that my
friend Grant had most certainly lost the tra montane,’-’ and by his thirst
of fame brought on his own Perdition, and run a great risque of ours,
which was far wide of the promises he made me at Carlisle, when solicit-
ing to command a party [as]t which I would not agree to, and very
contrary to his crltiscisms upon Gen” Abercrombys late affair, has un-
happily fallen into the individual same Error, by his inconsiderate and
rash proceeding.
I understand by these officers that you have withdrawn the troops
from your advanced Post, which I attribute to its being too Small for
what you intended it, or that it did not answer the strength that you
at first described it of to me, I shall be glad to hear all your people are
in spirits, and keep so, and that Loyall Hannon will be soon past any
insult without Cannon, I shall be soon afraid to crowd you with pro-
t Stricken out.
538
23 September 1758
visions, nor would I wish to crowd the troops any faster up, untill our
magazines are thoroughly formed, if you have enough of troops for your
own defence, and compleating the roads. And I see the absolute necessity
there is for my stay here some days, in order to carry on the transport
of provisions and forage, which without my constant attention would fail
directly.
The road forward to the ohio must be reconnoitered again in order to
be Sure of our further progress, for it would grieve me sadly that
Washington or M'' Byrd should have any reason to find fault, with that,
which without their knowledge they have so publickly exclaimed against.
When you have settled things to your mind, I beg you will write me,
and as soon as jmu conveniently can, come down were it for a day, and
if Col° Armstrong could be spared, should be glad he came along, in
order to settle our further proceedings, and to seize the first favourable
opportunit}^ of marching directly forwards.
The Artillery that is left here; I would march in two Divisions to pre-
vent a long chain of Waggons, [to be]t and the tearing up the roads.
The Congress at Eastown had the most favorable appearance, As there
was 500 Indians alread}^ come in but what they will now do, God knows.
Pray make up a Flovell or Hutt for me, at L: Hannon or any other
of the posts, with a fire place if possible. S'*" John clalr says that if
I say he was in the wrong to CoP Stevens,^® he will readily Acknowledge
it, I do not choose meddling, but I think Col: Stevens might not, and
trust to S”' Johns Acknowledgement.
I am D'' S’''
Y'' Most Obed^ Ser* ike
Jo Forbes.
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 218-221, also in Darlington, Fort
Pitt, 71-75.
t Stricken out.
^Bouquet to Forbes, September 17, which see.
^ Not identified.
® Information not found.
’Probably Lieut. John Evans, commissioned, Februarj^, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
® Letter not found.
° Ens. Charles Rhor, killed during Grant's attack at Fort Duquesne.
' Capt. Harry Gordon.
® Not identified.
^ “tramontane,” country beyond the mountains.
“Col. -Adam Stephen.
23 September 1758
539
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[H. S. P, Shipper! Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 207, A. L. S.]
Camp at Rays Town 23*^ Septem’’ 1758
Sir
I have this day sent off under two Escorts fifty Waggons loaded with
flower & pork; two with Arms, three Barrels of whiskey and a Labratory
chest, two with Virginea Clothing and one Indian Corn. Likewise a
hundred & Sixty Pack horses loaded with flower.
M’’ Clark^ is returned from Carlile, he has brought us [up]t a hun-
dred & fifty Bullocks, part of which I propose to send you up the day
after to morrow, we may expect a good many more soon, and I am in
hopes from the success below we shall soon be supply’d with every thing
necessary.
I have the honour to be very sincerely
Sir
Your most obed^ & most humble Serv-
James Sinclair
NB.“ Capi Gordon is desired to Send to Col. Armstrong some Sledges
and Cross to repair the Road at Stoney Creek (by the Waggons
of this day 26-'^ SepR)
Cofl Bouquet
{Addressed'\ On his Alajesty’s Service
To
Colonel Henry Bouquet Commanding The Forces
at Loyal Hennon
t Stricken out.
^ Daniel Clark.
“This note is in Bouquet’s handwriting.
BOUQUET TO DE LIGNERIS^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 71, Df.]*
Sir
Loyal Hannon 24^^ SepC 1758
I am extremely obliged to you for the account- you have been pleased
to give me of our Prisoners, and the assistance and kind usage they have
Received, as well as the Precautions you have taken for their safety.
540
24 September 1758
Any money [they shall request for]t that Shall be advanced them to
provide necessaries Shall be punctually repaid.
You may be convinced, Sir, that vve Will at all times have the Same
Proceedings towards any Person of your Arm}^ who could be in the
same care
I am very Sorry that I can not give you any Satisfactory account of
IvP de Beletre I hear that he is Still [amo]t w-** the Cherakees [The
Governor of Virginia adopted some ofjt The Governor of Virginia, and
Carolina made them offers of considerable Sums, and presents for his
ransom, but [with]+ the Cherakees having lost in that occasion one of
their Chiefs refused absolutely then to release him.
Time may render them more tractable and I send an Express to the
General to desire him to write to Charles Town, that another attempt
be made and all means used to procure his Liberty, or at best render
his Captivity as easy as possible.
[No]t Nothing Shall be neglected [to send our]t in that Respect it
would give me [infinjt great Pleasure to have the honour to inform you
of it
I am w-*' great Regard and I hope you will all the Same Endeavour
to recover Ens" ATDonald^ for from the Indians in whose hands he is
unfortunately fallen, and as this War is become general in America, it
gives me and I dare say must give you great Pleasure to [findjt see
so the Europeans and Christians usages prevail here.
[no signature]
[Endorsed] Answer to the Governor of Eort DuQuesne^
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
^ Enclosed with preceding note to Rocheblave.
"See letter from de Ligneris to Bouquet, and list of prisoners, September 22.
^ Ens. John McDonald.
* See De Ligneris to Bouquet, September 22.
BOUQUET TO M. DE ROCHEBLAVE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 72, Df.]* j
[Loyalhanna, Sept. 24, 17S8]d
Monsieur
,C'est avec regret que je Suis prive de la Satisfaction d’aller de vouss
remercier moy meme de la Peine que vous aves pris d’escorter M?’ Blane^^
et Sa Troupe f
24 September 1758
541
Je ne vous Sins pas moms oblige, Monsieur, des Politesse que le Major
Grant mon amy particulier a recu de [Vous et de tons vos Mess’'®]t dans
votre Fort, et de vous particuliereni' Dans toute avenir je me feray un
devoir et une Plaisir de le reconnoitre en rendant tons les Services qui
dependent de moy [aux Francois que le Sort de la Guerre pouvent qui
Sontjt a ceux de vos officies qui pourroient Se trouver dans les memes
Circonstances.
[Le Major est S'illt Je ne negligeray aucun moyen [dVflrjt de retirer
AP de Beletre de La Captivite
Je suis tres fache que dans rEloignem- ou nous Sommes de toute
habitation Je n'aye aucun rafraichissem- a vous offrir; Permettes moy de
vous prier de remettre Ci Incluse- a Monsieur de Lignery. [Je]t
Je suis avec beaucoup de consideration
{no signature]
[Endorsed] A AP de Rocheblave 24® 7ber.
[TRANSLATION]
Sir,
It is with regret that I am deprived of the satisfaction of coming to
thank you myself for the trouble you have taken in escorting Air. Blane^
and his troop.
I am not less obliged to you. Sir, for the politeness which Alaior Grant,
my particular friend, has received within your fort, and from you espe-
cially. In all the future, I shall make it a duty and a pleasure to recognize
it by rendering all the services which depend on me to those of vour
officers who may find themselves in the same circumstances.
I shall neglect no way of rescuing AI. de Beletre from captivitv.
I am very sorry that in our isolation from any settlement I have no
refreshment to offer you. Permit me to ask you to take the enclosed^
back to Alonsieur de Lignery.
I am, with much consideration,
[no signature]
* Original not found.
t Stricken out.
Ens. Archibald Blane.
^ Bouquet to de Ligneris, September 24, which see.
542
24 September 1758
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 228, A. L. S.]
Sir
Stoney Creek 24''* 7'^’^ 1758
I shou’d some days agoe acknowleg’d the receit of y*" last,^ and wrote
you Sundry thoughts on the tenor of it, were it not that I knew your
distress & perplexity must be great, tho’ the effects of Major Grants
Misfortune are at present manifestly against us, yet if properly improven,
that repulse may not so far affect the Expedition as some may be ready
to alledge, the General has been very uneasy, but I think by his last
he is getting Over the Shock, he has desir’d I wou’d bull’d him a Small
Hutt at this place. I have repair’d the Bridges to Fort Dudgeon, Dress’d
the Old, and made a Number of New Ones towards Dewart, with some
repairs upon the Rockey places, to which we cou’d give a different face,
had we a few Sledges, and some more Crows. ^ every heavy rain points
Out a New place to he mended. I spent the Chief of this day in examin-
ing the Boundaries of that Vile Hill on this Side Kittany pollans & not
likeing a way that was mark’d Out some days agoe, have found what I
think will be tolerable to the Waggons both going Out & returning; to
Morrow (God willing) the Men goes to work upon it. I’m fully of Opinion
that only this Post shou’d be kept up betwixt the Mountains, by which
Means the Men will be less divided, the Garrison and Escorts Stronger,
and Consequently less danger, the Other two^ are now abandon’d, and
were the Men even return’d I wou’d not replace those Posts without
farther Orders, we are yet unmolested, which is a little Strange.
I take notice of the discretionary Orders (denoting confidence) and the
good Character you are pleas’d to give my Batn, and Self. I’m Oblidg’d
to you for both & have given that part of your letter it’s proper weight,
as to any unfavourable representations of us to the General, I might
have been mistaken, and Principle Oblidges me to think Charitably untill
the contrary appear, but this is a truth Self Evident, that the dispossition
of my Battalion, and duty Assign’d me Since I left Rays Town, has had
a direct tendency to discourage the Battalion, and has given Occasion
to foolish & evil Minded persons to Carry abroad Sundry infamous Stories
among the Inhabitants, yet those things I hope will be got Over, & if
good is but done, I shall endeavour to be content.
I am Sir
Your Most Ob^ & Most humb? Serv-
John Armstrong
P:S: I hope the Roads will admit the passage of the Artillary betwixt
25 September 1758
543
those Hills, all Convoys draw Provisions here, going & coming, so that
some Quantity must be kept here.
Coll: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bo^iqueds handwriting] Col Armstrong 24-‘' Sep*
^ Possibly the missing letter written c. September 17.
‘“An iron bar with a beak or claw.
“Posts at Belle Air (Jameson’s Redoubt) and Kickenapauling’s Old Town. See Bou-
quet to Forbes, September 11.
INSTRUCTIONS TO BURD
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 230, D.]
Instructions for Colonel Burd, Camp at Loyal Hannon. 25 Septemb^ 1758.
Jst.
A Fort of Logs is to be built round the Store Houses. The Timber to be
prepared in the Woods and haul’d by the Waggons that shall come
from Rays Town. One Hundred and fifty fit Men of the Line* are
to be appointed for that [ Purpose ]t Work with Officers who are to
do no other Duty, and as they are to be constantly employ’d, they are
to receive one Jil of Rum per Day.
2-?
The Road is to be cut to the advanced Post by Two Hundred Men, and
two Hundred more to cover the Cutters. Captain Shilby- will attend
in cutting and marking the Rout, and Capt“ Gordon will view it from
Time to Time. Lieut* Cob Lloyd to command the Detachment & to
march the 27**“ Instant.
3“*
The Redoubts to be Guarded as follows. Viz*
N^ 1. By 80 Men of the U* Batt“ Penn’J Regl [to encamp] t to encamp
Joining the Redoubt & go in it in Case of an Alarm to defend
that Post.
N° 2. By 100 Men of the 24 Batt? Penn: Reg^ Part to encamp within
and the rest close to it.
N? 3. By 50 Men, being the Bullock Guard. The Capt° and Lieutenant
230 of that Guard to go the Rounds.
t Stricken out.
544
25 September 1758
4th
The Corps under the Command of Lieut* Colonel Dagworthj^ to be rein-
forced by 40 Rangers of the T* Batt“ of Pennsylvanian's under the
Command of Capt” Ward" who will choose a Subaltern Officer, One
Serjeant and the 40 Men; That Corps is to furnish every Morning
two Officers, two Serjeants and 80 Men, to scout round the Camp,
and to receive their Orders from Lieut* Col* Dagworthy, who is also
to give Directions for the Service to be done by the Volunteers and
the Indians and to make his Report to the Commanding Officer; The
Scouting Parties are to bring in to Lieut* Col* Dagworthy the Horses
they will find in the Woods, for which they will receive a Dram.
5.
All the Llorses in Camp, without Exception, to be with the Horse
Guard following the Regulations given in the publick Orders. The
Guides to look out for good Pasture and to conduct them. The
Commanding Officer of the Guard and the Guides to make their Reports
to the Command® Officer.
6*h
The Agent for the Contractors the King's Commissaries, and the
Commissary for Forage are to give every Day to the Command? Officer
a Return of the State of the Stores and of the Dayly Consumption,
And the Commissary of the Artillery every Week.
7*h
All the Artificers belonging to the Works are under the Direction
of the Chief Engineer.'* All other Artificers employ'd for the Service
of the Army, such as Sadlers, Wheel-Rights Black-smiths, Gun Smiths,
Oven-Makers &c? are under the Direction of the Quarter-Master-Gen-
eral" and one Serjeant shall be appointed provisionally to give them
their Orders keeping a Different Account of their Work and to receive
their Pay.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Instructions to Col. Burd
25**“ Sept
^ Regular troops as distinguished from militia, guards, volunteers, etc.
‘ Capt. Evan Shelby.
^ Capt. Edward Ward.
* Capt. Harr5- Gordon.
^ Sir John St. Clair.
545
27 September 1758
ALF,XANDER BEALL: REPORT OF DISTANCES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 39, A. D. S.]
[September 27, 1758]
A Report of the Distance & Cources from Loyall Hannon to the River
Kiskeminekis and down the River Viz‘ About fifteen Miles from this
Struck the River (with a North and by East Course) where their was
a Reach^ in the River About Three miles in Length bearing East and
west between Eighty and One Hundred yards in weadth verry shoal
&: Rapid with small Stones at the Bottom and at the Westermost End
of the Reach their was About forty Rod of verry Deep water from which
their is a very Large bend bearing Northerh^ for One Mile &: then North
& by East for three Miles by an Old Indian Town- which Reach is very
Rockey & Rapid being very Shoal then Northwest & by west after a very
Large bend for One Mile & half then Southwest for half a mile, then west
& by South one Mile then North & by East for three Quarters of a Mile
then North & and by west One half mile and Continues North, North
and by East and north and by west for One Mile then after a Large
Bend Runs west and by south Three miles full of Small Islands to Another
Large Bend which Runs about North, & North by west for one mile then
North west about one Quarter of a mile then South South west One Mile
to where Kings & Ford^ of the Maryland Troops with some Indians Last
Spring made a Canoe then bears west & by north for a Considerable Dis-
tance through High Mountains, [k]tno[w]t Other Remarkable Rockey
place, but the one above Mentioned but Generally very Shoal & in many
Places not Above Six Inches in Depth. Sep* 27-*' 1758
Alex Be.^ll
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] Report of Lt. Beal
t Stricken out.
^ A straight stretch of stream or river.
° According to these directions his course would have taken him to the site of New
Florence on the Conemaugh River, near the Indian village at Squirrel Hill.
^Neither identified.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 232, A. L. S.]
Camp at Loyal Hennon 29*'' Sept'" 1758
Dear sir
Since your departure from hence there has nothing Materiall Occurr’d;
Lieu* Coll; Lloyd march’d from here the 28**' with A Detauchem* of
546
29 September 1758
400 men to Cutt the Road to the Advanced Post, & this day Capt“
Trent^ and the Indians are return’d from Fort Du Quesne they have
brought in a scalp which they took nigh to the Fort, Capf^ Trent Reports
that he has found a good road from the Breast work to Turtle Creek^
8 miles from Du Quesne I thought it proper to send Him to Raystown
that the Gen" might have an opportunity of talking to him upon this
subject. The Indians bring a report of the Enemy being at, or about,
our Advanced post I send a party this night to Reconnoitre that Ground
I appointed a Court of the Line to Inquire into the Reasons of Coll:
Hamilton Confining Capt" Ward & the Ensignes Pollock,^ & Armstrong,^
& inclosed you have the Report® of the Court, Coll: Hamilton is Confined
to his Tent under two Centinalls, & Lieu^ Lauchry® to the Redoubt No 1
& they both shall Remain untill I hear from you. I have Rece'^* 142 baggs
of flour & I send 162 horses by this Escort, all things here go on well I
begg my Compliments to the Gen’® & the Genf? with you & that you will
beleive me with great Esteem
Dear Sir
Your affectionate freind & most obed^ Serv*
James Burp
Coll: Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Burd’s Letter 29-’* Sept^ 1758
^ Capt. William Trent.
“Eastern branch of the Monongahela River.
“Ens. James Pollack of Capt. Edward Ward’s company, first battalion of the Penn-
sylvania Regiment, commissioned in January, 1758.
^ Ens. Joseph Armstrong of Capt. John Wetterholt’s company, first battalion of the
Pennsylvania Regiment, commissioned in February, 1758.
“Not found.
“Lieut. James Laughrey of Capt. Wetterholt’s company, commissioned in December,
1757.
OCTOBER, 1758
1 General Amherst enroute from Boston to Lake George to confer with
Generals Abercromby and Gage regarding northern campaign.
5 Colonels Bouquet and Washington at Raystown for conference with
General Forbes.
7 Indian Conference opens at Easton.
8 170 pack horses leave Raystown for Stony Creek and Loyalhanna,
with flour.
12 Sir John St. Clair returns to Raystown from Philadelphia with report
that wagons are now available.
Colonel Bouquet at Stony Creek where new road is being cut to top
of Laurel Hill.
Surprise attack on Loyalhanna meets with repulse.
13 Colonel Bouquet at Fort Dudgeon, enroute to Loyalhanna.
Colonel Washington and troops march from Raystown, enroute to
Loyalhanna.
Little Catpenter and party of Cherokees and CatawLas atrive at
Raystowm.
14 Division of artillery marches from Raj^stown with 38 teams, enroute
to Loyalhanna.
Colonel Bouquet returns to Stony Cteek to avoid enemy Indians.
16 Colonel Washington and troops join Bouquet at Stony Creek.
17 Wagon brigade enroute to Loyalhanna with supplies.
18 Wagon brigades enroute to Loyalhanna with supplies.
Colonel Bouquet arrives at Loyalhanna.
20 Artillery and escort, under command of Colonel Armstrong, enroute
from Stony Creek to Loyalhanna.
23 Colonel Washington and troops arrive at Loyalhanna.
Colonels Montgomery and Byrd march from Raystowm, enroute to
Loyalhanna.
30 General Forbes and escort arrive at Ston}^ Creek, enroute to Loyal-
hanna.
547
548
1 October 1758
TULLEKEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 233, A. L. S.]
Albany Octob^ 1758.
Dear Sir.
About a week ago I had the pleasure to receive your favour of the 22^
August/ I am extremly obliged to you for your kind inquiry after my
health/ I am thank God got to be pritty well again, tho’ the Ball still
remains Undiscovered in my Body, As to the rest of the gentlemen, they
are most of them gating well;
I am sorry to find that you have had so great a share of fatigue, wee
were in hopes that things would have gone very well with you, And that
your Campaign would have been but a short one, however I hope it
will still end well tho late, since Co? Bradstreets affair^ People here begin
to expect great matters from you, as he has cutt of all the provission and
stores that were destined for the French and Indians in those parts.
I am sorry to find so little likely hood of our joining this winter, it is
what wee all were in hopes of, and wee shall be greatly disapointed if
wee do not;
General Abercrombie is resolved to go up the Lake once more,^ I hope
wee shall have better success than wee had the last time, Gen? Amhurst
with Five Regiments he has march’d from Boston, are to be here the
sixth instant, they will be at the Lake about the 13?'' every thing [in]t
is in readiness there for our Embarkation. I am resolved to go and take
the Command of the six Companies, and am Cloathlng myself in flannels
for that purpose, to tell you the truth, I am much more affread of the
severity of the season than of the Enemy, and am a little uneasy at a
pain I am troubled with in my breast where the ball is, but I will try
what I can do. And no man can do more than he can doo; Robinson®
comes with General Amhurst, and is apointed from home an acting
Deputy Quarter Master General, with the rank of Lieu? Colonel; Sup-
poseing that wee are every so successful in this second attempt, it will be
/from what I have already seen I can judge/ the latter end of November
before the army can return, You know the seasons here as well as I do,
And therefore how the army can return. And bring back with them to
Fort Edward, the Artillery /of which wee have six Twenty Four Pound-
ers/ and stores. God Knows for I do not. Many of the most sensible
People here, I mean officers, dread the Consequence, as wee shall in all
probability be covered with snow. But it seems the General is resolved
upon it;
General Stanwix is still on the Adowhawk River, he has about Four
Thousand men. all except two Companies, are Provincials, he is building
+ Stricken out.
5 October 1758
549
a Fort*’ there, it will be the latter end of November before he will be
able to finish it. It is to contain Four Hundred Men;
Gen- Wolfe’ is gone with three Regiments up the River S- Lawrence,
And it is imagined that he will succeed in what he is gone upon; You
will have hard before this of the King of Prussias Success® Against the
Austrians;
I beg my best respects to the Gentlemen of the Corps with you. I
hope they are all well. I shou’d be glad you wou’d remember me to Col.
Montgomery Major Grant See.
Inclosed I send jmu the Monthly return.® My dear Sir I most sincerely
wish you all the [P]t happiness in life, and pray for your success.
I am with the Utmost respect.
Your very obedient And very hum'?’® Serv^
Jn° Tulleken
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzv riling] Major Tulleken 1®'^ OcC 1758
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
"Tulleken was wounded during attack on Fort Ticonderoga, July 3. See his letter
to Bouquet, .August 2.
“Capture of Fort Frontenac, August 27.
■‘Second expedition up Lake George, against Ticonderoga, under Gen. James Aber-
cromby.
“ Major James Robertson.
“ Fort Stanwix, at head of Mohawk River.
’ Br. Gen. James Wolfe (1726-1759), born at Westerham, Kent, England, accompanied
second expedition against Louisburg, in July, 1758. See DNB.
“Victory of Frederick II over Austrian army at Leuthen, December S, 1757, which
resulted in the signing of a subsidy treaty between Prussia and England in April,
1758. See Bouquet to Burd, October 16, footnote 4.
® Not found.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 175, L. S.]
[Camp at Raystown, Oct. 5, 1758]
Sir
You are hereby required to order as many Gentlemen as you may
imagine are competent Judges to hold a Court of Enquiry, to examine
into the Affair of Captain Claytonp and to acquaint me of such Report
as they shall make to you
I am S’''
y'' Most hum’® Serv'
Jo: Forbes.
550
10 October 1758
Camp at Raystown 5^’* Octr 1758.
To Col. Bouquet.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes's orders for an
Inquiry in Cap- Clayton’s affair 5**^ Octt 1758
[Addressed] CoF Bouquet.
^ Capt. Asher Clayton. See Bouquet to Forbes, October 28. No further report or
record of affair found.
Sir
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 177, L. S.]*
Reastown Camp Ocf^ 10 1758
After so many reverses I was in hopes fortune might have favoured
us with a little good weather for our Roads Upon which the ease of our
future operations depends. I am in great anxiety for the whole but
particularly the Laurel hill, of which I beg youl take particular notice
and consequently Dont doubt but youl soon render it very good.
I have been obliged to press fifty waggons that came from Philadelphia
who shall leave this in two days As also the Artilery if the Rains will
permitt.
The Little Carpenter and King Hagler^ left Winchester two Days ago
so I expect them here soon with sixty three of their followers,^ if those
will Join as heartily and perswade the others to return I shall take my
measures so as to march the whole as soon as possible and with very
few halting days move on directl}^ so you see there is no time to be lost.
I was told this day to my great surprize That Cap* Gordon was build-
ing at Loyal hannan fitt to stand a siege, you know we want nothing but
a strong post So for Gods sake think of both time money and Labour
and put a Stop to all superfluitys
I need neither recommend your reconitring before the advanced post
nor your letting me hear from jmu, as also what disposition you have
made for the communication betwixt this. Loyal hannan and the advanced
post.
I begin to mend apace for tho my time is Disagreably spent for an
invalid twixt business and medicines I am with Compliments to all with
you
Sir
Your most obedient & most humble servant
Jo: Forbes
12 October 1758
551
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ General Forbes lO-*’ oct
[Addressed'\ On his Majestys service To Colonel Henry Bouquet Com-
manding his Majestys forces at Loyal Hannan or on his
march
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 228.
^ A Catawba chief.
“ Cherokees and Catawbas. See Forbes to Bouquet, October 15.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 209, A. L. S.]*
Stoney Creek 12*’’ October 1758.
Dear Sir
I differred answering your Several Letters^ in Expectation of joining
you every day. The Rains, broken Roads, and Several other contingent
Causes have kept me back. To morrow I hope to dine w’’ you, but don't
retard your dinner for me.
The Lawrell being impassable, I Sent Cap* Callendar and Shelby to
look for another ascent, and they have had the good Luck to find one
greatly preferable; We cut quite a new Road from this Post to the top
of the Lawrell Hill, which will be 4 miles Shorter, and 8 miles better;
I Set out this moment to reconoitre it and Shall encamp at the foot of
the Hill to have Sufficient time to view it tomorrow morning.
We want 100 falling axes for 3, or 4 days which I beg you wall get
grinded to day and Send as early as possible to morrow morning ( setting
out even in the night) upon Pack Horses, with 2 Inches augurs, — one
Inch Shizzell, and another two Inches, and one hand Saw to build a
bridge over Queemahony Creek.
Your Horse driver will find at the Top of the Hill a branch cut a cross
the Road, and the blazes at his Right Hand, which blazes he is to follow
to the foot of the mountain, where he w'ill See our Encampment and
deliver his Tools.
The 2'? division of the artillery will Stay here untlll the new Road is
cut, and the last division Set out from Reas Town to day w*** 50 Waggons.
I beg you will get an Exact Return- ready — of all the Troops on the
West of the Lawrell Hill that we maj" make the necessary dispositions
to move immediately forward.
I am very impatient to See you, my Compliments to Cap^ Gordon and
friends I hope the GeneraPs Hutt is ready as he will Soon be w’-’’ us, he
mends a Pace; Farewell
I am entirely
D* S?
Your most obed* hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
552
12 October 1758
Room must be made and ground cleared for the 50 Waggons of the
artillery.
P. S. If you have no falling axes well grounded or no time to grind
them, Pray let it be done to morrow morning As we have no grind Stone,
The Work would not go on.
{Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service
To
Colonel Burd or the Commanding Officer at Loyal
Hannon
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist. U Biog., Vol. XXXII, 445-446.
^Possibly Burd’s letters of September 1, 6, and 29, which see.
“ Not found.
BOUQUET TO JAMES SINCLAIR
[Stony Creek, c. Oct. 12, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Sinclair in his to Bouquet, October 13. Ap-
parently the letter contained a request for forage and provisions.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 235, A. L. S.]*
Camp at Loyal Hennon 12*** October 1758
Dear sir
I had the pleasure to Receive your favours* of this date this evening
at 7 P: M I shall be glad to see you, I send you p Lieu^ Coll: Lloyd
(who marches to you with 200 men) the 100 falling axes you desire
This day at 11 A: AI the enemy fired 12 Guns to the South west of us
upon which I sent out two partys to surround them but Instantly the
firing increased, upon which I sent out a large party of 500 men they
were forced to the Camp and Immediately a regular Attack Insued
which lasted a long time I think above two hours, but we had the pleasure
to do that Honr. to His Majesties Arms to keep his Camp at Loyal
Hennon. I can’t inform you of our Loss, nor that of the Enemy, must
referr You for the particulars to Lieffi Coll: Lloyd, one of their [Prison-
ers]! Soldiers which we have mortally wounded, says they were 1200
strong & 200 Indians but I can Assertam nothing of this further. I have
drove them of the field, but I don’t doubt of a second Attack, if they do,
I am ready being most sincerely
My Dear sir
Your most sincere frind & obedf humble serv-
James Burd
t Stricken out.
kinUUN rjl KIl.I.KI) AM) WorNDKl) Al l.()^• \I.UANNA
l*>>‘ <K'r'jl>cr Hiili (lir )rrn
m
yi 1
. '^i
)
/
J J/ \
/
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- 1-'' '
M
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X
':il
13 October 175S 553
Excuse this Scrall being in a little hurry at present — since writing we
have been fired upon
Coll: Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Col. Burd 12^^ OcC 1758 upon
the attack
[Addressed] On His Majesties service To Coll: Bouquet at Stonny
Creek on the Lawrell Hill
* Printed in Darlington, Fort Pitt, 81-82.
^ Bouquet to Burd, October 12, which see.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 211, A. L. S.]*
Fort Dudgeon 12 P. M
13-'’ October 1758
Dear Sir
I received this afternoon your favour^ of this day and am glad you
have cleared the ground about you: I intended to join you this night
but a Party of Indians which we discovered in the afternoon on this
Side of the Lawrell Hill makes me Suspect Some views to infect our
Communication. I have therefore thought proper to return to Stoney
Creek wl** the whole Party, which wdl answer Several ends.
I am very easy about you, the Post is Strong and in good hands, I
beg you will let me hear from you, and Send me all the details you can
collect to be transmitted to the General.
My best Compliments to Capl Gordon, his Extraordinary Zeal and
activity on this occasion does not Surprise me. I am glad to hear every
officer praise him: I hope to have soon the Satisfaction to See you. Fare-
well.
I am entirelv
D^ Sir
Your most obed*^ hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service
To
Colonel Burd Commanding His Majesty’s Troops
at Loyal Hannon
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist. 13 Biog., Vol. XXXII, 446-447.
^ Burd to Bouquet, October 13, which see.
554
13 October 1758
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[Fort Dudgeon, Oct. 13, 1758]
Letter missing, but mentioned by Bouquet in a letter to Forbes written later the
same day. There is no indication of the contents.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 179, A. L. S.]*
Dudgeon 13“' October 1758 10 P. M.
Monsieur
Apres vous avoir ecrit^ ce matin je Suis alle reconnoitre Lawrell Hill
avec un Party de 80 homes quelques Coups de fusil tires autour de
nous me firent Soupconner que c’etoit un Signal pour [quj+ un Party
Ennemy: J’envoyay a la decouverte, et un de nos Partys ayant [de-
couverjt Apperceu les Indien tira Sur Eux; Nous continuames notre
marche, et avons trouve un fort bon Chemm pour monter la Montagne
quoi que fort Pierreux en deux Endroits: L’ancien Chemin est absolument
impraticable.
J'ay eu cet apres midy une Seconde Lettre” du Col. Burd: Les Ennemis
out ete route la niiit autour des Retrenchements, et ont fait plusieurs
fausses attaques: Le Canon et les Cohornes’"^ les ont tenu en Respect:
et quoi que le Col. ait envoye reconnoitre aux Environs, il n’etoit pas Sur
qu'ils se fussent retires.
L’on entend dans ce moment de la montagne plusieurs Coups de Canon,
ce qui me fait juger que les Ennemis n’ont pas encore abandonne la
Partie, et a tout Evenement je vais tacher de me rendre a ce Poste avant
Jour: Les 200 homes'^ que le Col. Burd m’a envoye n’ont pas mange de
deux Jours. Je regois dans ce moment des Provisions de Stoney Creek;
et partirai dans deux heures.
Je n’ay encore aucun Raport de notre Perte, 2 off.^ de Maryl. ont ete
tues, et un blesse, Duncanson de Virg® blesse mortellem^ de meme qu’un
off.’ du U Batt. de Pensilvanie, et environ 50 homes La Perte des Ennemis
doit etre considerable, a juger sur les Raports de nos gens, et le feu qu’ils
ont essuyes a decouvert: sans cette maudite Pluye nous Serions arrives
a terns avec I'artillerie et 200 homes, et je crois que cela auroit fait une
difference.
Des qu’il Sera possible je vous manderai a quoy nous en Sommes, Soyes
en Repos sur le Poste.® Je I’ay laisse en Etat d.e Se defendre contre toute
t Stricken out.
13 October 1758 355
attaque sans Canon, et j’aprens que I’on a perfectionne tout ce qui pouv'oit
tester a faire.
Je Suis avec un entier devouement
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres Obeissant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
[Addressed} Reas Town
[TRANSLATION]
Dudgeon, October 13, 1758, 10 P. M.
Sir:
After writing^ to you this morning, I went to reconnoiter Laurel Hill
with a party of 80 men. Several gunshots fired around us made me sus-
pect it was a signal to an enemy party. I sent out scouts, and one of our
parties, seeing the Indians, fired on them. We continued our march, and
found a very good road for going up the mountain, though it was exceed-
ingly rocky in two places. The old road is absolutely impracticable.
I had a second letter- from Colonel Burd this afternoon. The enemy
was around the entrenchments all night, and made several feigned attacks.
The cannon and the coehorns^ intimidated them, and although the Colonel
sent out to reconnoiter the vicinity, he was not sure that they had
retreated.
Just now some cannon shots can be heard from the mountain, which
makes me think that the enemy has not yet given up the struggle; and
at all events I am going to try to reach this post before daybreak. The
200 meM whom Colonel Burd sent me have not eaten for two daj^s. I
just received some provisions from Stony Creek, and shall leave in two
hours.
I have as yet no report of our losses; two officers® from Maryland have
been killed, and one wounded; Duncanson® of Virginia was mortally
wounded, likewise an officer^ of the first Pennsylvania battalion, and about
50 men. The enemy loss must be considerable, judging by the reports
from our men, and the fire to which they were exposed in the open. But
for this cursed rain we should have arrived on time with the artillery and
200 men, and I believe that would have made a difference.
As soon as possible, I shall send you word on how we stand. Be at ease
about the post.® I left it in a condition to defend itself against any attack
556 13 October 1758
without cannon, and I understand that everything could remain to be
done w'as completed.
I am with complete devotion,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
’ An English version is printed in Darlington, Fort Pitt, 82-83.
^ Not found.
■ Burd to Bouquet, October 13, which see.
^ A light mortar, for throwing shells.
Party under command of Lt. Col. Thomas Lloyd.
^ Not identified.
'Lieut. James Duncanson, commissioned c. June 1757, in the Virginia Regiment.
' Not identified.
' Loyalhanna.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 237, A. L. S.]
Camp at Loyal Hennon 13-*' OcU 1758
Dear sir
The Enemy has harrassed me all night, they made some little faints,
but I think they were Cheefly Employed in Carrying off their Dead, &
wounded, I have had sundry partys out to Day but Can’t say possitvely
wheither they are gon, or not as yet, but am apt to think they gott
enough of it yesterday to sufiice them for the first Tryal, I played upon
them with shels last night which soon stopt their savage Tones
I think you can come here this Evening with your party very well
where you will Receive a hearty Welcome from
Dear Sir
Your sincere freind & Obed^ Serv*
James Burd
Capt" Gordon’s Musick from the Great Guns farr Exceeded The Indian
Solos
Coll: Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. J- Burd 13. Oct^
[Addressed] To Coll: Bouquet
557
13 October 1758
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21639, f. 65, A. L. S.]
Ra3^s Town 13^^ Oct. 1758
Sir/
I received a few Lines^ from jmu by Captain Field, the demand of
forage was so reasonable the General cou’d have made no hesitation
about granting it. I suply’d him with as much as he wanted and shall
continue to do so while he stays here. As on Sunday Evening I sent off a
hundred & Seventy horses with flower I hope there was no want at Stony
Creek and that as much was stopt as necessary'.
I have this daj^ sent off five & forty Waggons forty of which were
loaded with flower, & bread four with forage two Oats & two Corn, and
one with Men’s Harness to be left with CoE Mercer- and some other
things for Loyal Hennon. This last Waggon is under the Charge of
Stuart Roan^ the Bearer, by which I have sent sowd up in a Bag and
directed to \mu, the Stockings jmu left under my Care.
The Waggons we now send you came up from Lancaster under Agree-
ment to cart}" by the hundred to this place, but the General thinking it
a pity to Let go so good a hawl w^e prevailed upon them partl}^ b\" fair
means & partly bj^ Compulsion to make the Trip to [Ra^'s Town]t Loyal
Henon @ 15/s a daj". The^’' will shew \mu the Articles I gave them, I
hope the^' won’t be detained.
Sir John^ returned last Night from Philad-'*, there is a great number
of Waggons on the road, I expect a hundred to morrow or next day. a
division of the Artillery marches to morrow morning with 38 Teams I
hope w'e shall all soon follow.
I am with the greatest Slnciritj’ &: Esteem
Sir/
Your most Obed^ & Most humble Serv^
CoE Bouquet
James Sinclair
[Endorsed in Banquet’s handzcriting] Cap- Sinclair 13*'' oct:
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
Col. Hugh Mercer.
® Not identified.
* Sir John St, Clair. See Young to Bouquet, September 10.
558
14 October 1758
EXTRACT OF A LETTERS FROM LOYALHANNING
[Pennsylvania Gazette, Oct. 26, 1758]
[October 14, 1758]
“We were attacked" by 1200 French, and 200 Indians, commanded by
M. de Vitri,^ on Thursday, the 12th Current, at 11 A. AI. with great
Fury until 3 P. M. when I had the Pleasure of seeing Victory attend the
British Arms. The Enemy attempted in the Night to attack us a second
time; but, in Return for their most melodious Indian Musick, we gave
them a Number of Shells from our Mortars, which soon made them re-
treat. Our Foss on this Occasion is only 62 Men, and 5 Officers, killed,
wounded and missing. The French were employed all Night in carrying
off their Dead and Wounded, and, I believe, carried off some of our Dead
through Mistake.”
[no signature]
^ Author unknown.
^ See Burd’s letters to Bouquet, October 12 and 13.
°Gen. Forbes mentions “Capt. Vitry of the Marine” in his letter to Abercromby,
October 16. AB 767, printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 231-234.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[Stony Creek, Oct. 14, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Forbes in his to Bouquet, October IS. Letter
probably contained a more complete report of the engagement at Loyalhanna, October 12.
Bouquet’s letter of October 13 promised more news as soon as possible.
BURD TO BOUQUET
[Loyalhanna, Oct. 14, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Bouquet in his to Burd, October 16. The letter
evidently contained intelligence of enemy reinforcements, and further details regarding
the attack on Loyalhanna, October 12. It also probably contained information regard-
ing four parties sent out by Burd to reconnoiter toward Fort Duquesne.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 183, A. L. S.]
Stoney Creek 15^** October 1758 11 A. M.
Alonsleur
Je vous envoye les Lettres’- et Intelligences que je regois de Loyal
Hannon: L’avanture entre nous [est]t me paroit humiliante, mille homes
t Stricken out.
15 October 1758
559
en tiennent au dela de 1500 bloques, leur enlevent tous leurs Chevaux, et
se retirent tranquillement avec tous leurs blesses et petit etre les notres
apres avoir enterre leurs morts; Cette entreprise qui auroit, du couter
cher aux Ennemis marque beaucoup de mepris pour nous, et la conduite
de nos Troupes dans les Bois ne justifie que trop leur Idee.
Je ne crois pas un mot du prentendu Secours de 500 homes ni des
Bateaux: C’est Surement une Ruse de ces Messt® pour nous inquieter,
trompant leurs gens les premiers, afin que Si nous faisons des Prisoniers,
ils nous dissent tous la meme Chose.
La Saison est trop avancee pour qu’on leur envoye un Renfort qui
auroit pu tomber entre nos mains, Si nous avions ete maitres de la Place.
La marche de Mt de Montcalm est une faussete evidente, il Scait bien que
Frontenac est abandonne et le General ne quittera pas Son armee pour
marcher [a put]t avec 1500 homes et ces deux nouvelles du Nord et du
Sud arrivant au meme Instant a Fort Duquesne, acheve d’en demontrer
la faussete: J’ecris- au Col. Burd d’envoyer un petit Party de I’autre
cote de la Riviere pour decouvrir s’il y a de nouveau.x Batteaux.
II faut cependant tacher de faire passer ceci pour un Avantage, pour
Soutenir le Courage des Troupes, et informer le Public, que les Ennemis
Sont asses forts pour nous attaquer a pres de 50 Miles: Toutes ces Re-
flexions Soumises a vos Considerations.
La Pluye a discontinue, et nous commencerons cet apres midy a couper
le nouveau Chemin: A moins que vous ne Souhaitties que je me rende a
L. H. Je resteray igy jusque’a ce que je puisse faire avancer Tartillerie, et
completer la nouvelle Route: Je puis recevoir vos Ordres plutot, et plus
Surement.
Apres cet Exemple de I’audace des Ennemis, Croyes vous prudent de
Separer nos Forces en prenant un nouveau Poste en avant? La Perte de
nos Chevaux rend La Chose tres difficile, et I’inexperience des Troupes la
rend dangereuse: J’attendrai la dessus vos Ordres.^
Je Suis tres respectueusem*^
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres obeiss- Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
t Stricken out.
560
15 October 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Stony Creek, October 15, 1758, 11 A. M.
Sir:
I am sending you the letters^ and intelligences which I receive from
Loyalhanna. The affair, between ourselves, appears humiliating to me.
A thousand men keep more than 1500 blockaded, carry off all their horses,
and retire undisturbed with all their wounded and perhaps ours, after
burying their dead. This enterprise which should have cost the enemy
dearly shows a great deal of contempt for us, and the behaviour of our
troops in the woods justifies their idea only too well.
I do not believe a word of the pretended relief party of 500 men or of
boats. It is surely a ruse of these gentlemen to make us uneasy, deceiving
their own men first of all, so that if we take any prisoners, they will all
tell us the same thing.
The season is too far advanced for a reinforcement to be sent to them,
which might have fallen into our hands if we had been masters of the
place. The march of M. de Montcalm is an evident falsehood. He well
knows that Frontenac is abandoned, and the General will not leave his
army to march with 1500 men, and as these two items of news from the
north and south reach Fort Duquesne at the same moment, this
plainly points out its falseness. I am writing^ Colonel Burd to send a
small party from the other side of the river to see if there are any new
boats.
It is necessary, however, to try to pass this off as an advantage in order
to maintain the courage of the troops, and to inform the public that the
enemy is strong enough to attack us nearly fifty miles away. All these
reflections are submitted for your consideration.
The rain has ceased, and this afternoon we shall begin cutting the new
road. Unless you wish me to go to Loyalhanna, I shall remain here until
I can send the artillery forward and complete the new route. I can re-
ceive jmur orders sooner, and more surely.
After this example of the audacity of the enemy, do you think it pru-
dent to divide our forces by establishing a new post in advance? The loss
of our horses makes it very difffcult, and the inexperience of the troops
makes it dangerous. I shall await your orders^ about this.
I am very respectfully.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
^ Burd to Bouquet, October 12 and 13, which see.
"See Bouquet to Burd, October 16.
’‘See Forbes to Bouquet, October 21.
561
15 October 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 181, L S.]*
Reastown Camp Oct'' 15 1758
Sir
Yesterday morning I was favoured with yours of the 13‘''^ and this
morning have yours from Stony creek of the IT*'- Upon your first letter
I ordered Colonel Washingtone with his batalion consisting of two hun-
dred men to proceed directly to reinforce Stony creek & Stopt an escort
of fourty waggon load as likeways the last division of artilery from
proceeding.
I am very glad the Enemys visit" has turned out near as fruitless to
them as ours was to us under Major Grant & hope at least that by this
they wdl see we can fight.
I shall he very sorry, (unless they are greatly superiour in numbers)
if they return unmolested which would show them their superiority over
us in their fighting in the woods & give them a boldness that I would
willingly crush:
Your Description^ of the roads peirces me to the very soul yet still my
hopes are that a few Dry days would make things wear a more favourable
aspect as all Clay Countrys are either good or bad for Cariages according
to the wett or dry season It is true we cannot surmount impossibilitys nor
prevent unforseen accidents but it must be a comfort both to you and
I still that we proceeded w^ Caution in the choice of this road and in the
opinion of every Disinterested man, it had every advantage over the
other And I am not sure but it has so still considering The Yachiogenv^
& Monongehela rivers, so I beg you will without taking notice to any
body make yourself master of the arguments for and the objections
against the two roads so that upon comparison one may Judge how far
we have been in the right in our Choice. Sir John Sinclair® arrived here
night before last and gives us a very good account of both our Waggons
& provisions as the whole is in motion and by this time all betwixt this
and Lancaster. I shall send you a general State" of waggons batt horses
provisions & forage from which you will be able to Judge of our Situation
& readiness to proceed if the weather permitts. I have sent you by this
Convey most of the things that you mention in the note® you left with
me of which AU Sinclair® will send you an invoyce^® Im affraid youl fall
Short both in blankets & Shoes nor could I ever remedy the scarcity of
either tho I have long ago forseen what might happen & sent the length
of New York for both I have sent two hundred pair of Shoes which is all
I could spare which you must take care to receive payment for. The
Highlanders have Shoes coming up for themselves. I have sent two hun-
dred pair of blankets & Shall endeavor to send two hundred more bv the
562
15 October 1758
next convey but for Gods sake let them be given only where absolute
necessity demands because we can get no more
By Letters^^ from Easton The Congress is sitting from whence I hope
we will Draw some advantage altho not altogether what we expected.
1 heir inteligence continues to be the same And the Ohio Indians have
told them ddiat the French will have in those parts near four thousand
men French, Canadians & Indians. That they have provisions in plenty
as yet; That the Canadians are nor all in the Fort but that they as well
as the western Indians were scatered about in the Indian villages where
they help the Inhahitants to build butts and houses and were ready at a
Call. That the Ohio Indians and Western Indians are at last perswaded
by the French to Engage to assist them not only in Defence of their fort
this fall but Drive us before winter back on this side the Alegany moun-
tains. AT Crogan^- writes me likeways that he is to set out Directly to
Join me with at least three score Clever fellows from Easton, this is all
mj^ news from Eastown a great part of which I cannot give too much
credit to as I realy begin to think that this last trial of theirs was the
making the most of the Indians before they should leave them.
Thirty Catabows’-^ from Winchester Joined the day before Yesterday
as Did likeways The little Carpenter with about as many Cherokees:
this gave me great hopes but those Indians under Bosomworths Direction
and the others that were here who have been throughly spoiled by the
presents already given them so as to make their Demmands most insolent
& most expensive have so far spoiled the rest that from the Carpenter
down They appear to be bullying us in to a mean complyance with their
most sordid and avaritious demmands or they are absolutely determined
to leave us and return home. This day I am to have a general meeting
with them the result of which I cannot foresee altho you may be assured
I will not loose them for a triffle. Yet at the same time Gold may be
bought to dear I can think of no more to say referring you for par-
ticulars to Ai'" GranT^ who I have sent with this and who you will be
so good as send back as soon as you well can.
You may be sure That wdth regard to an order of battle or fighting
I will take all the care I can to make use of the most eligible and shall
be cautious to whom I open my mind before you and I settle things.
I am
Sir
AYur most obedient humble sert
Jo: Forbes
N B If any party goes out after the Enemy they ought to have instruc-
tions always with regard to the roads forward as likeways y® Communi-
cation twixt Loyalha [nnan] and the nearest part^® of Bradocks road
15 October 175S
563
which want of all things to he reconitred m order to stop foolish mouths if
It chances to prove anyways good or practicable Alay not such a com-
munication be found without passing the Laurel hill?
{In General Forbes’ handwriting]
I do not know whether you may not have occasion to write or send to
Fort du Quesne, but if 5 0U have any such occasion, you may assure the
French Commander that the Famous Little Carpenter is come here, and
that I will use my best endeavours to gett back M'' Belletre from the
Cherokees. King Higlaar of the Catawbas stayd at Winchester, but I
hope to gett him up.
[Endorsed] General Forbes 15-’^ October 1758
[Addressed] On his Majestys service To Colonel Bouquet Commanding
his Majest5^s forces at Stony creek
* Printed in James, If ritings of General John Forbes. 229-211.
^Bouquet to Forbes, October 13, which see.
"Not found.
^ Engagement at Loyalhanna, October 12.
'See Bouquet to Forbes, October 13.
^ Youghiogheny River.
“ Sir John St. Clair.
’ Not found.
®Not found, but may be missing letter of September 13. See Forbes to Bouquet,
September 17.
® Capt. James Sinclair.
“Possibly Sinclair’s letter to Bouquet, October 18, which see.
“ Not found.
’"Capt. George Croghan. Letter not found.
“Catawba Indians under command of King Hagler. See Forbes to Bouquet, October 10.
’■* Probably Lieut. James Grant, who was attending Forbes, as physician.
’■’Encampment at Salt Lick.
Sir/
J.AMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. INI., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 66, A. L. S.]
Reas Town the 15*^ Oct 1758
I wrote^ you by a Brigade of Waggons which were sent off the thir-
teenth, but have been detained at two miles distance fro.m this place on
acco* of the heavv fall of Rain.
564
15 October 1758
I have just now sent off three more Waggons to join the Brigade loaded
with two Tierces- of Salt two hundred Blankets, three Barrels of whisky
two of Rum & a Cask with two hundred pairs of Shoes to be disposed off
as you think proper. The Rum and whisky I understand the General
are to be left at Stoney Creek.
I am with the greatest respect
Sir
Your most Obed- and most humble Serv*^
James Sinclair
A D. M G.
To. Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting\ Cap^ Sinclair 15^’“ ocf
[Addressed] On his Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet at Stoney
Creek, or if gone from thence to be opened by the Com-
manding Officer and afterwards forwarded to him.
Sinclair to Bouquet, October 13, which see.
"A cask larger than a barrel and smaller than a hogshead, varying in capacity.
MEMORANDUM: LOST RIFLE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 239, A. N. S.]
October y® 15-’’ 1758
Fredrick Cloine
a Soldir Belongin To Maj"' ormbs^ Comp?' of y® 2‘’* B P R Lost his
Rifel Gun by y® Enemy Indians another Was bough* for him oute of
y® Companey® Money for which Was Expended 4=15=0
Joseph Quicksil Ens"
NB. The above Riffle was Snatched away by an Indian When the Flagg
of Truce- was Sent to Fort du quesne and Col. Bouquet ordered the Said
Riffle to be replaced to y® soldier by the above mentioned, which ought to
be paid by the Province, or the Contingent fund.
H. B.
[Endorsed] Memor:®
^ Major Jacob Orndt.
^ See Bouquet to Blane, September 19.
° Postscript and endorsement in Bouquet’s handwriting.
565
15 October 1758
Dear Col?
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 23, A. L. S.]
Lancaster. Oct'' y® 15-'' 1758
This is rather an Invoice, than a Letter, — it being only to give you
Advice that the Bearer^ is charged with two Cannister of Tea, commited
to my Care, by a very agreable Young Lady,- who does me the Honour to
call me Uncle. The whole family desired their Compliments to you. I am
so plagued, & hurried with Waggoners, Magistrates, & Millers, that I scarce
have time to assure you that I am with great regard & Respect
Dear Cob
Your most humble & most Obedient Serv^
L® OuRRY
Cob Bouquet
[Endorsed in Col. Bouquet’s handwriting] Lieut^ Ourry 15*’' Oct
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet at Loyalhannan With two Small
Parcels.
' Not identified.
®This may have been Anne Willing. Ourry ’s correspondence from Bedford, in 1762,
indicated that Anne, Betsy, and Thomas Willing had been his guests on various
occasions.
BOUQUET TO BURD
[H. S. P., Shippen Papers, Vol. Ill, f. 217, A. L. S.]‘
Stoney Creek 16”* October 1758
Dear Sir
I received yesterday morning your last of the 14”*’ and transmitted to
the General all the — Intelligences you Sent me: I am very Sorry you
could not make a Prisoner. I Suppose you have orderd Some Parties out
to endeavour to get Some Straggler.
I don’t believe a Word of their pretended reinforcement in Provisions
and men, but to know the truth Be Pleased to Send two Small Parties to
Spy on the opposite Sides of mononghehela, and ohlo, if there are more
Batteaux than before.
The General desires that all the Parties Sent out to reconoltre the
Country betwixt the old Path- and Braddocks Road, to know where we
could fall in Said Road. The Path^ discovered by Cap3 Trent Seems to
be the best, but as he could not go to the End of it. There is little de-
pendency upon it.
566
16 October 1758
Col. Washington will be here this day the rest of his Regh The
new Road will be cut in 3 days (if good Weather) to the Top of the
Lawrell. All our Waggons, Provisions, are coming up and nothing,
I hope will prevent our marching forward immediatly.
The General grows better and better he has fired a feu de Joye for
your affair. 1 he Little Carpenter is there with 30 Cherokee, and 30
Catawba. King Heglcr is expected every day, and tbe General hopes to
engage them to come up w*'' us. The news^ of the King of Prussia beating
Marshall Daun is confirmed by all the Vessels.
I have forwarded all your Letters, as Soon as I can I Shall be with you
I am
Dear Sir
Your most obcd* hble Servant
Henry Bouquet
[Endorsed] On His Majesty’s Service
To Colonel Burd
Commanding the Troops at Loyal Hannon
* Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist, y Blog., ^"ol. XXXII, 447-448.
^ X^ot found.
“ Raystown Path, or Old Trading Path between Raystown and Shannopins Town.
^ See Burd to Bouquet, September 29.
‘Frederick II defeated the Austrian army, December 5, 1757, at Leuthen, just west of
Breslau, in the province of Silisia, Germany. See Tulleken to Bouquet, October 1,
footnote 8.
EXTRACT OF A LETTERS FROM RAYS-TOWN
[Pennsylvania Gazette, Oct. 26, 1758]
October 16, 1758.
“Yesterday the Troops fired- on Account of our Success over the Enemy,
who attacked^ our advanced Post at Loyalhanning the 12th Instant, their
Number, by the Information of a Prisoner taken, said to be about 1100.
The Engagement began at Eleven o'Clock, A. Ad. and lasted till Two.
They renewed the Attack thrice, but our Troops stood their Ground, and
behaved with the greatest Bravery and Firmness at their different Posts,
repulsing the Enemy each Time; notwithstanding which, they did not
quit the Investment that Night, but continued firing random Shots during
that Time. This has put our Troops in good Spirits. The Accounts are
hitherto imperfect, which obliged the General to send a distinct Officer^
Yesterday to Loj^alhanning, to learn a true Account of the Affair. By the
General’s Information, they only took one wounded Soldier, and says
nothing of the Killed, tho' it is imagined to be very considerable, if they
16 October 1758
567
attacked in the open Manner it is reported they did. Col. Bouquet was
at Stony-Creek, with 700 Men, and a Detachment of Artillery. He could
get no further on account of the Roads, which indeed has impeded every
Thing greatly. This Night or To-morrow a sufficient Number of Waggons
will be up with Provisions.
List of the Killed, Wounded and Missing in the Action.
Killed.
Wounded.
Missing.
Highlanders,
1
1
First Virginia Regiment,
4
6
North-Carolina Companies
3
A'laryland Companies,
2
6
11
First Pennsylvania Regiment,
4
5
12
Second Ditto, _ _ _
1
4
Lower County Companies,
1
Total.
12
18
31
Officers among the Killed and Wounded.
Of the Virginia Regiment, Lieutenant James Duncanson, wounded.
Of the Marylanders, Lieutenants Pratter'’ and Matthew,® killed; and
Ensign Bell wounded."
Of the Artillery, Lieutenant Wright® wounded slightly in the Head.
Twenty-nine of the Missing were upon Grass Guards when the Enemy
attacked.”
^ This letter may have been from Joseph Shippen as he was at Raystown the latter
part of September. See his letter to his father, September 19.
■ Gen. Forbes ordered a general Feu de Joie, to impress the Indians and to en-
courage the troops. Forbes to Abercromby, October 16, AB 767.
^ See Burd’s letters to Bouquet, October 12 and 13.
^ This may refer to Lieut. James Grant whom Forbes sent to Stony Creek on that
date. See Forbes to Bouquet, October IS.
^ Henry Prather, second lieutenant in Capt. Joshua Beall’s compant'.
'Thomas Matthews, second lieutenant in Capt. Richard Pearis’ company.
'Probably Ens. Rezin Beall (Reason Bell) of Capt. Francis Ware’s compan}^
' Probably Lieut. George Wright of the Royal Artillery of Pennsylvania.
568
18 October 1758
JAMES SINCLAIR TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21639, f. 68, A. L. S.]
Camp at Rays Town the 18**^ Oct 1758
Sir/
The Waggons from below Crowd so fast upon us [upon us,]t that I
imagin we shall be able to send off at least one Brigade every day while
the General stays here and the weather continues favourable. I sent off
yesterday with John Morgan Waggon Master Nineteen Waggons loaded
with flower and Pork, four with 200 Bushels of Oats & two with 52 Bushels
of Corn. I hope the Quantity will be examined into that there may be no
embezlement on the part of the Waggoners. I have this day sent off under
Abraham Bar Waggon Master twenty Eight Waggons loaded with flower
and one with whisky, they marched in the morning and Six and thirty
more with Artillery Stores are followed this afternoon. I shall send off
tomorrow between twenty & thirty loaded with flower & Pork.
I expect in Waggons to Night there is a great number at hand, they
bring us a supply of forage of which I shall soon send you a larger
[Supply]! Quantity all the Waggons that went from hence yesterday
and today were served Six quarts of Oats or an equal proportion of Corn
for Each horse for ten days. I wish it may bring them back. The General
desires your horses that draw forage up the Country may have it in that
proportion
I am with the greatest Respect
Sir
ATur most Obedient & most humble Serv^
James Sinclair
A. D. Qr M G.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap- Sinclair IS-*^ ocC 1758
[Addressed] On his Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet or the Com-
manding Officer at Loyal Hannon
t Stricken out.
COCHRANE^ TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 242, A. L. S.]
[Fort Edward, Oct. 19, 1758]
Dear Sir
As we have received orders- to prepare for the Muster master® I thought
it proper to send you the inclosed^ which were men left by us on Account
of Sickness & were Supposed to go with your Division, they have been
19 October 1758
569
Always returned by us in the monthly Returns & will be in our Muster
Rolls: I thought it best to let you know this that these men may not be
mustered in both Divisions. Funk^ was left in Jayl at Lancaster for a
debt by collusion As we had reason to think; & Doctor Thomson^ at Lan-
caster, Justice of the Peace, told me, & afterwards wrote me he should
join us so soon As let out. I have wrote Again to Doctor Thomson to
know if he is with you, for I am tired of Returning him upon An uncer-
taint}^ Our Winter Quarters are to be At Albany. Nothing extraordinary
has happened lately here. Gen** Prevost with the Fourth Battalion are to
remain here.
We Are all Anxious to hear of the Success of our friends on your side
of the Country, & sorry for those we hear we have lost. I am, with great
Respect,
Your most Obed‘ & most hub’® Serv*^
Gavin Cochrane
Fort Edward October 19**^ 1758
I shall in a few days send a Return'^ to you of the Six Companies
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap^ Cochran 19^*^ 8ber
^ Capt. Gavin Cochrane, commissioned, January, 1756, in the 62nd (later 60th)
Regiment.
^ Not found.
“James Pitcher.
'‘Not found.
“ Not identified.
“ Dr. Robert Thompson.
’’ Not found.
HAMILTON TO BOUQUET
Sir
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 240, A. L. S.]
Lawel Henan Oct. 19**‘ 1758
Your Goodness will excuse a trouble of this sort, I think it my Dutv
from the Sense of my having acted below the Dignity of the Rank N
Character I bear in the Army. I should think it Ignorance & Disingenulty
not to acknowledge I was wrong, & hope from Colonel Bouquets Honor,
that this Acknowledgment may engage him to consider all the Incidents
of that night as the effects of too Liberal a Glass, which you may take
upon my Honor to he the true State of the Case, even next morning I
remembered very little of what passed the night before. You may be as-
sured, I send you this from the Conviction I have of my own Error, rather
than from any Dread of the utmost a Court Martial o'? Inflict: & that I
570
20 October 1758
would be understood by this to make you all the Submissions, y* become
the Gentleman, or the Man of Sense in such Circumstances.
I am. Sir,
yt most Humble [Ser*^]t & most Obed^ Serv*
Hance Hamilton
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] L* Col. Hamilton 19-^ octt upon
his Second Arrest^
[Addressed] To Col: Henry Bouquet Commanding the troops at Lawel
Henan-
+ Stricken out.
^ See Burd to Bouquet, September 29. See Hamilton to Bouquet, Septembr 13, for
first arrest.
• Loyalhanna.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 184, A. Df. S.]*
Camp at Loyal Hannon 20^'* October 1758
Wrote another^
Monsieur
La Pluye ayant retarde I'ouverture du Chemin, je n’arriva igy qu’avant
hier: Le Col. Armstrong avec 400 homes escorte I’artillerie qui ne pent
etre igy que le 22^ J’envoye le Major Waddell avec un Detachement de
350 homes pour renforcer cette Escorte au Passage de Lawrell Hill.
Je n'entrerai dans aucun detail Sur cette nouvelle Route, Mt Grant
vous en rendra Compte. Elle est beaucoup meilleure que je ne I’esperois
et la montee de Lawrell Hill est je crois le plus beau Chemin de la Com-
munication: La descente est tres mauvaise, mais non pas impraticable;
On en pourroit trouver une autre moins rapide, mais il y a tant de Pierres
et de travail que nous n’avons ni le terns, ni la force de I’entreprendre.
Le Chemin depuis la montagne au Camp est tres bon, et la gelee n’a
pas autant detruit I’herbe icy qu’au nord des montagnes.
Les Pluves ayant enfle Queemahony Creek, Le Pont a coute plus de
terns a construire, et j’ay du laisscr Callendar avec les Travailleurs pour
pousser et dinger I’ouvrage.
j’attens dans un Jour ou deux quatre Partys qui sont alles du cote de
rOhio par dlfferentes Routes; et des que j’auray leurs Raports je feray
partlr nos deux Guides.
Les Ennemis ont Suivi en chemin qui passe entre Braddock et le Trad-
ing Path, un de nos Partis qui etoit alors en Campagne Ta Suivi pour 20
miles, et I'a trouve fort bon, Comme ils connoissent parfaitem^ le Pays, il
20 October 1758
571
est probable qu'ils ont choisi le nreilleur Chemin; Un des Partis qui Sont
dehors a ordre de Suivre leurs Tracs jusqu’au pres du Fort, et Shelby croit
que cette Route rentre dans le trading Path a environ 10 miles du Fort,
ce qui seroit precisem* ce que vous Souhaites.
Quelques uns de Ses Volontaires Sont venus depuis I’endroit ou Al^
Braddock passa la mononghehela environ 7 miles le long du grand Chemin,
et ayant pris a gauche ils tomberent a 10 miles plus loin dans le Chemin
qy dessus et le Suivirent jusques pres du Poste avance.
Nous Sommes Stirs de tomber dans la Route de Braddock mais routes
les difficultes de cette Route sont justement au bout: La Alononghehela
n’est plus gueable, et nous n'aurions d’autre Choix que de passer le defile,
ce qui est bien hazardeux; et la distance 20 miles de plus, J’espere que
nous trouverons mieux.
Les Ennemis ayant enleve a peu pres tons nos Chevaux. L’Enceinte des
Magazins n’est pas finie: Le Cap“® Gordon en a Fait le Cote qui est le
plus expose avec un double Rang de Loggs, dont I’Intervalle doit etre
rempli de terre. Le Reste est commence en [large]t Stokadoes; Mes In-
structions n’etoit que d’avoir une Enceinte Simple pour le present, que
Fon put doubler s’il etoit necessaire dans la Suite; mais [il m’a fait voir
que]t la difference n’est pas grande route la depense ne montait qu’a
£20= [et fourage est sans contredit meilleure]t; La Jalousie que ce
Poste donne a I’Ennemy me fait croire qu’ils feront de nouveaux Efforts
pour le detruire, et si I’armee Se retirait, ils pourroient y amener du Canon,
la Riviere commencant d’etre navigable; on le continuera en Simple
Stokadoes, et lots que vous seres sur les Lieux, vous determineres [coupjt
s’il conviendra de le garder ou non.
Le Prisonier frangois est mort de Sa blessure; II a repete plusieurs fois
a Bentinck, que [’Intention des Ennemis etoit d’emporter le Poste, mais
que leurs officiers les avoient trompes en leur disant qu’il etoit tres facile
a forcer.
Ils n’avoient point receu de Provisions depuis le mois de May, et c’etoit
un Secret pour tous les soldats S’lls avoient beaucoup de vivres ou non;
Ils n’ont point de Viande fraiche, ni de liqueur, mais ils attendoient un
Convoy, et il ne doutoit pas que I’avis du Gouverneur ne fut vray.
L’Intelligence de Croghan Sur les desseins des Ennemis de nous faire
repasser les Alontagnes, s’accorde avec le raport du Prisonier; Permettes
moy de vous dire mon sentiment la dessus, Vous n’y feres attention
qu’autant que vous trouveres que la Chose le merlte.
Lots que vous aures vu les Chemins et surtout la descente de Lawrell
Hill, vous trouveres tres difficile, ou peut etre impossible de faire repasser
I’artillerie cet hyver en cas de mauvais Succes: Les montagnes Seront
t Stricken out
572
20 October 1758
couvertes de Nege, et on n’y pourra faire subsister les Chevaux. Si nous
abandonnans ce Poste, nous perdons tout I’avantage que nous avons gagne
[dejt en reculant nos frontieres et couvrant les Provinces, qui Seront
exposes comme auparavant aux Incursions des Indiens.
D’un autre cote vous ne pouves pas laisser des Troupes et les Subsister
a cet Eloignement: Mais si la Province de Pensilvanie vouloit S’engager a
garder ce Poste avec leurs Troupes et les nourrir: 400 homes pourroient
y etre en Surete, et on pourroit leur laisser Six mois de vivres. si cette
Province entendoit ses vrais Interets, je crois qu’elle n’heziteroit pas,
considerant I’avantage d’une Riviere navigable Six mois de I’annee qui
ouvre une communication avec TOhio: Un petit magazin de marchandises
pour les Indiens, pourroit les engager peu a pen a S’y venir Pourvoir du
necessaire, et donner des Intelligences Sures, n’etant plus Si fort dependans
des Frangois pour leurs besoins.
Le Lieut. Ray des Americains motirtit bier d’une fievre et nous n'avons
plus que trois subalternes et trois Cap“®® La necessite ou nous Sommes
d’avoir plus d’officiers, et bons s’il Se peut, m’engage a vous recommander
un homme qui s’est distingue pendant cette Campagne, C’est le Lieut
James Riley des Troupes de Maryland, pour un Enseigne. Le Lieut. Ray
etoit en meme terns Quartier maitre, mais n’en pouvant faire les functions,
il donnoit la moitie dela Paye a Qurry; Je vous demande la grace de
vouloir le recommander pour Itii Sticceder dans cet Employ pour lequel
il est fort propre.
Le beau terns continue, je Souhaitterois fort que vous puissies en
profiter pour venir igy, oti votre Presence est fort necessaire;
Je Stiis tres respectueusem^
Monsieur
VTtre tres humble et tres obeiss* serviteur
Henry Bouquet
Hamilton
Wrote another^
[TRANSLATION]
Camp at Loyalhanna, October 20, 1758.
Sir:
As the rain has delayed the opening of the road, I did not arrive here
until the day before yesterday. Colonel Armstrong with 400 men is escort-
ing the artillery which cannot be here before the 22nd. I am sending
t Stricken out.
20 October 1758 573
Major Waddell with a detachment of 350 men to reinforce this escort in
the crossing of Laurel Hill.
I shall not go into any detail regarding this new route. Mr. Grant will
give you an account of it. It is much better than I expected, and the
ascent of Laurel Hill is, I think, the finest road of the communication.
The descent is very bad, but not impracticable. Another less steep could
be found, but there are so many rocks and so much work that we have
neither time nor strength to undertake it.
The road from the mountain to the camp is very good, and the frost
has not destro5^ed the grass so much here as north of the mountains.
As the rains have swollen Queemahony Creek, the bridge has required
more time to build, and I have had to leave Callender with the workmen
to push and direct the work.
In a day or two I am expecting four parties who went in the direction
of the Ohio by different routes, and as soon as I have their reports, I shall
send out our two guides.
The enemy followed a road going between Braddock and the trading
path. One of our parties who were then in the field followed it for 20
miles, and found it very good. As they are perfectly acquainted with the
country, it is probable that they chose the best road. One of the parties
who are out has orders to follow their tracks as far as the vicinity of the
fort, and Shelby believes that this route joins the trading path about ten
miles from the fort, which would be precisely what you wish.
Some of his volunteers came from the place where Mr. Braddock
crossed the Monongahela about seven miles along the great road, and
taking to the left they came into the road above this ten miles farther,
and followed it almost to the advance post.
We are sure of coming into Braddock’s Road, but all the difficulties of
this road are just at the end. The Monongahela is no longer fordable,
and we shall have no other choice than to go through the defile, which is
very hazardous, and the distance is 20 miles more. I hope we shall find a
better one.
As the enemy has carried off nearly all our horses, the enclosure of the
stores is not finished. Captain Gordon has built the most exposed side
with a double row of logs, of which the intervening space is to be filled
with earth. The rest is begun with stockades. My instructions were only
to have a single enclosure for the present, which can be doubled later if
necessary. But the difference is not great; the whole expense was not
more than 20 pounds. The apprehension this post gives the enemy makes
me think they will make further efforts to destroy it, and if the army
should retire, they could bring cannon there, as the river is beginning to
574
20 October 1758
be navigable. It will be continued as a single stockade, and when you are
on the spot, you will decide if it is best to keep it or not.
The French prisoner died of his wound. He repeated to Bentinck sev-
eral times that the intention of the enemy was to capture the post, but
that their officers had deceived them in telling them that it would be very
easy to force.
They had received no provisions at all since the month of May, and it
was kept secret from all the soldiers whether they had plenty of provi-
sions or not. They have no fresh meat or liquor, but they expected a
convoy, and he did not doubt the truth of the governor’s message.
Croghan’s intelligence regarding the enemy’s designs to make us go back
over the mountains is in agreement with the prisoner’s report. Permit
me to give you my opinion about this. You will give it attention only
so far as you find the matter warrants it.
When you see the roads and especially the descent of Laurel Hill, you
will find it very difficult, or perhaps impossible, to have the artillery re-
cross It this Vv^inter in case of ill fortune. The mountains will be covered
with snow, and it will be impossible to get feed for the horses. If we
abandon this post, we lose all the advantage we have gained by drawing
back our frontiers and defending the provinces, which will be exposed as
before to Indian incursions.
On the other hand you cannot leave troops and feed them at this
distance. But if the province of Pennsylvania wished to undertake to hold
this post with their troops and feed them, 400 men might stay there in
safety, and six months’ supply of provisions could be left them. If this
province understood its real interests, I think it would not hesitate, con-
sidering the advantage of a river navigable six months of the year which
opens a communication with the Ohio. A small store of goods for the
Indians would induce them little by little to come there to provide neces-
sities and give authentic intelligences, as they would no longer be so
extremely dependent on the French for their needs.
Lieutenant Ray of the Americans died yesterday of a fever, and we
have no more than three subalterns and three captains. Our present
necessity of having more officers, and good ones if it is possible, induces
me to recommend to you a man who has distinguished himself during
this campaign. It is Lieutenant James Riley of the Maryland troops, for
an ensign. Lieutenant Ray was at the same time quartermaster, but as
he could not carry out his duties, he gave half of the pay to Ourry. I ask
you the favor of being willing to recommend him to succeed in that duty
for which he is very well fitted.
Good weather continues. I wish very much that you could take advan-
tage of it to come here, where your presence is very necessary.
20 October 1758
575
I am very respectfully,
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* Original not found.
^ Compare this with following letter.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 186, A. Df. S.]*
Camp at Loyal Hannon 20-'* October 1758
Monsieur
Le mauvais Terns ayant retarde I’ouverture du nouveaux Chemin, je
n’arrivai igy que le 18? Le Col. Armstrong escorte I’artillerie avec 400
homes. Us ne peuvent etre a ce Poste avant le 22? et j’ay envoye le Major
Waddell avec 350 homes pour renforcer cette Escorte au Passage de la
Montagne.^
Je me refere a M^ Grant^ pour vous rendre Compte de cette Route,
qui est meilleure que je ne I’esperois: La montee de Lawrell Hill est
imperceptible, et le terrein Sec. La discente est tres mauvaise par une
quantite de Sources qui Pinondent depuis les dernieres Pluyes, et qui
n’avoient point paru gy devant: Le Seul Endroit ou I’on pourroit ouvrir
un meillieur Passage est Si Pierreux que nous n’avons ni le terns, ni la
force de I’entreprendre; Le Chemin de la montagne au Camp est tres bon,
et la gelee n’a pas autant brule I’herbe qu’au Nord des montagnes;
Les pluyes ayant gross! Queemahon Creek, Le Pont a coute plus de
terns a construire, et j’ay du }'■ laisser Callendar pour pousser et diriger cet
ouvrage et le reste du Chemin, je Pattens demain.
Le Col. Burd avoit envoye quatre differens Partys^ du cote de POhio,
par differentes Routes; L’un pour reconnoitre a droite du trading Path:
Un autre pour traverser a Braddock Road; Le 3® pour decouvrir S’il leur
est reellement arrive un Convoy: et le 4® pour Suivre le Chemin^ que les
ennemis ont pris en venant et retournant: II prend entre le Chemin de
Braddock, et le trading Paths et Shelby croit qu’il doit rentrer dans le dit
Path, a dix milles du Fort, ge qui Seroit precisement ce que vous Sou-
haittes: Les Ennemis, connoissant ce Pays, ont probablem^ choisi la
meilleure Route, et un de nos Partys qui est rentre la Sulvie pendant 20
milles, et Pa trouvee tres bonne: Des qui Callendar arrivera ils partiront
avec un Party de Cent homes pour reconoitre definitivement ce qu’il y a
de mieux a choisir:
La traversee du trading Path au Chemin de Braddock est Sans diffi-
culte au raport de deux differens Partys, mais [. . .] tons les Inconveniens
576
20 October 1758
de cette Route sont justement au bout: On n’est plus Sur dans cette
saison de pouvoir passer la Mononghehela; et nous n’aurions d’autre
Choix que le defile, ce qui est bien hazardeux, daillieurs la distance est 18
ou 20 milles de plus;
Shelby promet d’etre de retour en Six Jours.
Le Prisoner frangois® est mort de Sa blessure; II a repete plusieurs fois
a Bentinck, que I’Intention des Ennemis etoit d’emporter le Poste, mais
que leurs officiers les avoient trompes, en le representant tres facile a forcer:
Qu’ils ne croyoient pas pouvoir defendre leur Fort si nous pouvions y
transporter I’artdlerie; mais qu’ils ne doutoient pas de nous defaire dans
les Bois; et que s’ils etoient forces d’abandonner le Fort, ils pouvoient
sauver la Garnison en I’embarquant.
Ils n’avoient point receu de Vivres depuis le mois de May, et c’etoit un
Secret pour le Soldat, s’il y en avoir encore beaucoup, ou peu: Ils n’ont
plus ni viande fraiche, ni liqueur, mais ils attendoient un Convoy, et il
etoit persuade que I’avis du Gouvernotir'^ sur son arrivee etoit vray.
Les Intelligences^ que vous aves eu d’Easton, s'accordent fort bien avec
la derniere Entreprise, et le raport de ce Prisonier; Ce Poste les inquiette,
et ils n’aiment pas a nous avoir Si pres d’Eux.
Comme dans une Expedition aussi difficile, il faut penser aux Revers
aussi bien qu’ati Succes, je ne Scais comment en cas d’Echec nous
pourrions faire repasser I’artillerie au dela les Montagnes; Les Pluyes et la
Nege rendront bientot les Chemins impraticables, et lorsque vous verres
la decente de Lawrell Hill, vous trouveres bien difficile, pour ne pas dire
impossible d’y faire monter I’artillerie, n’ayons plus d’herbes pour les
Chevaux qui Seront Sans force.
Reas Town n’est pas un depot sur, et il n’y en a aucun sur la Route.
Je ne doute point que vous n’ayies prevue routes ces difficultes, mais vous
ne pouvies prevoir le desapointement des Chariots que nous ont fait
perdre la bonne saison. Comme nous touchons au moment critique,
Permettes moy de vous representer les objets Sous le point de Vue qu’ils
me paroissent a present, vous n’y feres aucune attention si je me trompe.
Il me Semble que la Prudence exigeroit, vu I’Incertitude des Evenemens,
que nous eussions un bon Poste de ce cote des Montagnes, qui en cas de
Succes assureroit la Communication avec I’Ohio, et en cas de malheur
Sauveroit I’artillerie et les Munitions: quitte a le bruler S’il etoit inutile.
Mais comme vous ne pourries pas y laisser les Troupes reglees ni les
Subsister a un Si grand eloignement, je crois que la Province de Pensil-
vanie devroit en Soutenir la Charge; La difficulte Seroit de I’y faire
consentir; Outre la Subsistance des Troupes, il leur faudroit au moins un
Second Blankett au defatit de Lit, et quelques legumes comme Patatoes
Raves, et Carrottes pour prevenir le Scorbut suite ordinaire d’une nourri-
20 October 1758
577
ture Salee; Ils devroient aussi etre pourvus de Bas, Souliers, habits,
Les fraix de transport Seroient tres considerables, et il y a peu d’apparence
que la Pensilvanie, voulut les Supporter; et Si on Tabandonne Les Habi-
tans Se verront bientot exposes aux Ravages des Indiens, et ne recevront
aucun avantage de cette Expedition.
Ce Seroit la meme Chose Si nous etions en Possession de I'Ohio, Tons
ces articles y Seront necessaires, et la difficulte de les pourvoir plus
considerable
Les Ennemis ayant enleve a peu pres tous les Chevaux Eenceinte des
Magazins n’est pas finie: Le Capt°® Gordon a trouve necessaire de forti-
fier le seul Cote qui est proprem- expose a une attaque d’un double Rang
de Loggs, et le reste en Stokades; Si vous ne croves pas que Ton doive
garder ce Poste soit pour Communication ou frontiere Cette enceinte
Suffira pour couvrir nos magazins d’un Coup de main, quand nous
marcherons en avant, mais Si vous voulees le conserver pendant I’hyver,
il devroit etre tout construit de doubles Loggs, parce que Ton peut y
amener du Canon de I’Ohio par le Kiskemenitos et le Loyal Hannon qui
commence d’etre navigable. On le continuera en Stokades, a moins que
vous ne donies d’autres ordres: La depense ne monte qu’a £20= et il
n’y a point de fer;
Le Capf'® Patterson® S’est mis en tete de faire un moulin a scier J’arrete
cet ouvrage aussi inutile que les doubles Loggs pour un Simple Poste.
Le Lieut. Ray^ du R. A. R. mourut hier d’une fievre, et nous n’avons
plus que trois Capt°®® et trois subalternes. La necessite d’avoir plus
d’officiers, et propres a ce Service, m’engage a vous recommander un
homme qui s’est distingue cette Campagne, c’est le Lieut. James Ryley^®
des Maryl: pour un Enseigne.
Le Lieut. Ray etoit en meme terns Quartier maitre, et laissoit la moitie
de lay Paye a Ourry qui en fait la fonction: Je vous demande la grace de
vouloir le recommander pour lui Succeder dans cet Emplo}' pour lequel
il est fort propre.
Le Lieut. Col. Hamilton m’a ecrit une Lettre Satisfaisante, et cette
affaire est terminee: Des que les Troupes de I’Escorte Seront rentrees
nous aurons le Court Martial General, Inquirys
Le beau terns continue, je Souhaitte fort que vous puissies en profiter
pour venir icy, ou votre Presence est bien necessaire
Je Suis tres respectueusem^
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres Obeissant Serviteur
Henry Bouquet
578
20 October 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Camp at Loyalhanna, October 20, 1758.
Sir:
As bad weather has delayed the opening of the road, I did not arrive
here untd the 18th. Colonel Armstrong is escorting the artillery with
400 men. They cannot reach this post before the 22nd, and I have sent
Adajor Waddell with 350 men to reinforce this escort in crossing the
mountain.’-
I refer to Mr. Grant- in order to give you an account of this route,
which is better than I expected. The ascent of Laurel Hill is imperceptible,
and the ground dry. The descent is very bad as a result of a number
of springs flooding it since the last rains, which had not appeared here
before. The only place where a better passage could be opened is so
rocky that we have neither time nor strength to undertake it. The road
from the mountain to the camp is very good, and the frost has not
burned the grass so much as north of the mountains.
As the rains have swollen Queemahony Creek, the bridge has required
more time to build, and I have had to leave Callender there to push and
direct this work and the rest of the road. I expect him tomorrow.
Colonel Burd had sent four different parties® in the direction of the
Ohio, by different routes, one to reconnoiter to the right of the trading
path, another to cross Braddock’s Road, the third to discover if a convoy
has really reached them, and the fourth to follow the road taken by the
enemy in coming and going. It runs between Braddock’s Road and the
trading path, and Shelby believes that it must enter the said path ten
miles from the fort, which would be precisely what you wish. The enemy,
knowing the country, have probably chosen the best route, and one of
our parties which returned followed it for 20 miles and found it very
good. As soon as Callender arrives, they will leave with a party of a
hundred men in order to reconnoiter finally what it is best to choose.
The crossing from the trading path to Braddock’s Road is without
difficulty, by the report of two different parties, but all the difficulties
of this route are just at the end. One is no longer sure in this season
of being able to cross the Monongahela, and we should have no other
choice than the defile, which is very hazardous. Moreover, the distance is
18 or 20 miles more.
Shelby promises to be back in six days.
The French prisoner^ has died of his wound. He repeated several
times to Bentinck that the intention of the enemy was to capture the
post, but that their officers had deceived them by calling it very easy
to force. They did not think they could defend their fort if we were
20 October 1758
579
able to transport artillery there, but they had no doubt of defeating us
in the woods; and if they were forced to abandon the fort, they could
save the garrison by embarking it.
They had received no provisions at all since the month of May, and
it was kept secret from the soldier whether thet" still had much or little
of them. They no longer have either fresh meat nor liquor, but they
expected a convoy, and he was convinced that the Governor’s® message
about its arrival was true.
The intelligences® we have from Easton agree very well v/ith their
last attempt and the prisoner’s report. This post makes them uneasy,
and they do not like to have us so near them.
Since on so difficult an expedition one must think of reverses as well
as of success, I do not know how, in case of a setback we should be able
to have the artillery re-cross to that side of the mountains. The rains
and the snow will soon make the roads impracticable, and when you see
the descent of Laurel Hill, you will find it very difficult, not to say im-
possible, to have the artillery climb it, as there is no more grass for the
horses who will be weak.
Raystown is not a safe depot, and there is none on the route. I have
no doubt but that you had foreseen all these difficulties, but you could
not foresee the miscarriage as to wagons which made us waste the good
weather. As we are close to the critical moment, permit me to set forth
matters according to the point of view b\^ which they appear to me at
present. You will pay no attention to it if I am deceived.
It seems to me that prudence would require, considering the uncer-
tainty of events, that we have a good post on this side of the mountains,
which in case of success would assure communication with the Ohio, and
in case of misfortune would save the artillery and the munitions, free to
burn it if it were useless.
But as you could not leave regular troops nor feed them at so great
a distance, I believe that the province of Pennsylvania ought to bear
the burden. The difficulty would be to get their consent. Besides the
subsistence of the troops, they would need at least a second blanket for
lack of a bed, and some vegetables like potatoes, radishes, and carrots
to prevent scurvy, the ordinary result of a diet of salt meat. They ought
also to be provided with stockings, shoes, clothes, etc. The costs of
transportation would be very considerable, and there is little appearance
that Pennsylvania wished to support them; and if they abandon ft, the
inhabitants will soon see themselves exposed to the ravages of the Indians,
and will receive no advantage from this expedition.
It would be the same thing if we were in possession of the Ohio. All
these articles will be necessary there, and the difficulty of providing them
more considerable, etc., etc., etc.
580
20 October 1758
As the enemy has carried off nearly all the horses, the enclosure of the
stores is not finished. Captain Gordon has found it necessary to fortify
the only side which is fully exposed to an attack with a double row of
logs, and the rest by stockades. If you do not think this post ought to
be kept either for the communication or the frontier, this enclosure will
be enough to protect our stores from a surprise attack when we march
forward; but if you want to retain it during the winter, it should be all
constructed of double logs, for cannon can be brought there from the
Ohio by the Kiskeminetas and the Loyalhanna which is beginning to
be navigable. They will continue it with stockades, unless you give other
orders. The expense amounts to only 20 pounds, and there is no iron.
Captain Patterson'^ has taken it into his head to build a sawmill. I
stopped this work, as useless as double logs for an ordinary post.
Lieutenant Ray® of the Royal American Regiment died yesterday of
a fever, and we have no more than three captains and three subalterns.
The necessit}^ of having more officers, and some suitable for this service,
induces me to recommend to you a man who has distinguished himself
in this campaign. It is Lieutenant James Ryley® of the Marylanders,
for an ensign.
Lieutenant Ray was at the same time quartermaster, and let Ourry
have half of the pay, as he performed the duty. I ask you the favor
of being willing to recommend him to succeed m that duty for which he
is very well fitted.
Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton wrote me a satisfactory letter, and that
affair is terminated. As soon as the troops of the escort return, we shall
have the general courtmartlal, inquiries, etc.
Good weather continues. I wish very much that you could take ad-
vantage of it to come here, where your presence is very necessary.
I am very respectfully.
Sir,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet
* Original not found. A less complete and slightly different version, also in French,
precedes this.
Laurel Hill.
^Probably Lieut. James Grant.
® Capt. William Trent conducted one of the parties. See Bouquet to Burd, October 16.
* Not identified.
' Capt. de Ligneris, governor of Fort Duquesne.
® According to the other version, these “intelligences” came from Croghan.
20 October 1758
581
’This could have been either Capt. James, or Capt. William Patterson, although
\Wlliam Patterson has not appeared prior to this.
* Lieut. Joseph Ray, commissioned, August, 1756, as quarter master general, in the
60th Regiment.
“Lieut. James Riley, or Ryley, was with Grant’s detachment at Fort Duquesne,
September 14.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 189, A. C. S.]
[Loyalhanna,] 20^*“ October 1758 afternoon
Trois volontaires du Cap“® Shelby reviennant dans le moment du Fort,
et raportent que depuis le Poste avance, ils suivirent un S. W. Course,
et tomberent dans le Chemin de Braddock a environ 20 mdes du d^ Poste;
Ils marcherent 20 miles Suivant le Chemin de Braddock, et traverserent
la Mononghehela. Ils gagnerent la hauteur vis a vis du Fort, qu’ils
decouvrl fort distmctement: Ils apercurent un grand nombre de Bateaux
le long de I’Ohio, mais ils ne peuvent juger du nombre.
Dimanche ils entendirent, un grand feu aupres du fort et virent une
Partie de leur Detacheml qui rentroit: Ils tirerent 9 Coups de Canon.
En revenant ils ont Suivi Braddocks Road, jusqu’au Yioghiogheny, ou
ils ont vu quatre Swivels et deux Canons de fer d'environ trois Livres
de Balles ayant le Trugnons casses; Plusieurs Boulets et Bombes d’un
plus gros Calibre, et la ferraille de plusieurs Chariots brules: avec des
Cros Barres, et quelques autres outils.
La Mononghehela qu’ils avoient guee en allant n’etoit plus que able
a leur retour, et ils ont du la passer sur un Radeau.
Le Terrein entre notre Poste avance et le Chemin de Braddock, est
moins montueux que ce Chemin meme. II y a pen d’herbes. La gelee
ayant detruit le Pivoine.
P: S: Nos meilleurs Woodsmen accoutumes aux mokawsons ne peuvent
etre employes faute de Chaussure; S’il etoit possible d’[au]t faire venir
500 Peaux prepares de Philad^ sur 15 Chev^ de Bat II y auroit de quoy
les pourvoir; et sans Mokawsons, ces gens n’aiment pas d’aller dans
les Bois, outre que nous n’avons pas de Souliers.
H. B.
t Stricken out.
582
21 October 1758
[TRANSLATION]
October 20, 1758, afternoon.
1 hree of Captain Shelby’s volunteers just returning from the fort,
report that from the advance post they followed a southwest course, and
came upon Braddock’s road about 20 miles from the said post. They
marched 20 miles following Braddock’s road, and crossed the Monon-
gahela. They gained the height opposite the fort which they could see
verj^ plainly. They perceived a large number of boats along the Ohio,
but they could not tell the exact number.
Sunday, they heard heavy firing near the fort, and saw a part of their
detachment which was returning. They fired nine cannonshots.
On their return, they followed Braddock's road as far as Youghiogheny,
where they saw four swivels and two iron cannons for about three pound
balls, with the trunnions broken; several bullets and shells of larger
caliber, and the iron from several burnt wagons, with crowbars, and
some other tools.
The Monongahela, which they had forded in going, was no longer
fordable on their return, and they had to cross it on a raft.
The terrain between our advance post and Braddock’s road is not
so mountainous as this road is. There is little grass, the frost having
destroyed the vegetation.
P. S. Our best woodsmen, accustomed to moccasins, cannot be used
for lack of footwear. If it were possible to send 500 prepared skins from
Philadelphia, there would be the means of providing them; and without
moccasins, these men do not like to go into the woods. Besides, we have
no shoes.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS, 21640, f. 190, L. S.]*
[Camp at Raystown, Oct. 21, 1758]
Sir
I have waited with Impatience either for a Letter from you or the
return of AP Grant^ ever since I had last the pleasure of hearing from
jmu, as from thence I thought I could have formed a full Judgement of
the Circumstances of your Situation and of the Roads; as now the Weather
has been extremely fine I doubt nothing but you are all in the best
Order I could expect, or that the Cercumstances of things will admit,
and as we have now plenty of provision betwixt this and Loyal Hannon
for forty days, besides five hundred Pack horses on the Road from Carlile
C. 22 October 1758
583
with Provendor &c and the Season of the year pressing hard upon us, I
have therefore ordered the whole to march upon monday next, with a
design to make very few resting days, untill that we see the Enemy, be-
sides having engaged the Little Carpenter with upwards of Eighty of
the very best of the Indians to accompany us to whose Capricious dis-
position delays might prove dangerous.
As I shall leave nothing behind me but barely sufficient for Escorts
and a Common deffence I beg you will make your Disposition accordingly
that we march as strong as possible. I have thought and thought again
on an Order of Battle and a Line of March, but can not yet satisfy
myself what is right or what is wrong as I am afraid most People are
prepossessed in their own way of thinking, therefore, pray be so good
as have something cut and dry to propose that one may not be to seek.
What with Disorder, Indians, Waggons, Provisions & Provendor my
life has been a perfect Burthen to me ever since I saw you so am now
oblidged to beg the favour of M'' Sinclair- to write for me. I think of
setting out Monday myself, but perhaps it may be tuesdaty so you will
guess the time when I will see you at [Lawrel Hill]t Loyal Hannon. I
don’t know whether to advise taking possession again of the advanced
Post, leaving that to yourself as you know both the danger and profit to
us in it. I do not think I have any more to say at present, but rest
Your most Obed Servant.
Jo PORBES.
To CoE Bouquet
Camp at Rat^stown 2P* Oc- 1758
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Porbes 21-* ocC
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, .241-242.
t Stricken out.
’ Lieut. James Grant.
'Capt, James Sinclair.
BOUQUET: NOTES ON ARRIVAL OF ARTILLERY
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216.‘i3, f. 3.39, N.]
[Loyalhanna, c. Oct. 22, 1758]^
Artillery arrived
1. Communication betwixt Reas Town k the advanced Post to be kept
by Some Invalids at Stoney Creek, 100 more at L. H. w*'‘ as many
good men w^*' ye Artillery People.
584
25 October 1758
2. The reconnoitring Partys all come in without any discoveries Except
Tracs; [Braddocks Road hilly, ]t the Mononghehela not passable
Coll. & Shelby went upon Monday.
3. Congratulation upon the access of Indians, hope he has remembered
the French Prisoner.
4. I intended to view the new Road forward, and the advanced Post
to determine Something about it, but was Stoped by the bad Weather,
and Shall do it as Soon as possible.
5. Reception of Waggons, Badness of the Horses, food, and the continual
losses of them, have engaged me to Send back to day all the horses
judged unfit for draughts. They are to rest one day betwixt this and
Stoney Creek, where you may Stop them. If you think they can be
of Some Service I was thinking that they could be employed as Pack
Horse to replace the general loss of them here, The Virg“® having
none lefft.
6. Order of March
7. Returns, Court Martial, Court of Inquiry.
8. Lower Counties
^ See Bouquet to Forbes, October 20.
Sir
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 191, A. L. S.]‘
Raes town October 25*^*^ [1758]
I had the favour of yours of the 20*'‘^ by M*" Grant^ and am glad
to find that your new road over the Laurell Hill is so easy and join with
you in thinking no time is to be lost in falling upon some method of
returning. For as our affairs are so precarious no means must be left
untried to prevent mischieffs, that will be extreamly difficult to remove,
if they were to happen.
The few days of fine weather last week raised my spirits and flattered
my hopes that everything would go easy and well, and my Success [with]t
in persuading the Little Carpenter and all the Indians to join us was
more than I could have expected, but now all those flattering Fancys
are in a manner blown in the Air, for I dread that these four last days
perpetuall rain, have entirely putt the roads past all hopes of recovery
t Stricken out.
25 October 1758
585
for this season, And I have just now seen letters'^ from the Gov" of
Jamaica desiring that the little Carpenter might be sent down directly
to conciliate a peace betwixt the Cherokees & Virgininians as the former
had actually begunn Scalping the white people. How to manadge here,
I scarcely know; for to acquaint the Carpenter of this and sendjinglt
him away, is directly strengthning the arguments he made use of to me
for returning home, and if he leaves us we shall not have one Indian
that will stay with us and I hear no accounts from Eastown of their
proceedings'^ there, nor of IM" Croghan and his Indians that were [of]t
to have joined us about this time.
Col. Montgomery'’ and Byrd marchd day before Yesterday and Cap-
Hay** with the remainder of the Artillery march’d from this, this morning
but so incessant a Rain has made me make the whole Halt at the Shawnese
Cabins, as such a train of waggons in rainy weather would hurt the
roads more in one hour than wee could repair in a week. So wee have
nothing for it but patience, and hopes, that att last wee may meet with
some favorable moment, to show the world that there neither good will
nor Inclination was wanting in us, to do all, or more than could well be
expected from our small force, attended by such a Multiplicity of Em-
barrassments. But neither you nor I nor no mortall can either forsee or
foretell what the weather may prove.
I have wrote'^ long ago and lately to the Govern™ of Virginia, Pensyl-
vania &c desiring ane immediate answer,® to what numbers of men they
will maintain as frontier Garrisons this winter at Loy'* Hannon See back
to Carlisle, declaring y* our regulars were neither in a Condition, nor
numerous enough for their protection, and begging their speedy resolu-
tions upon so necessary a measure but have not as yet had one word
of answer. So if the provmcialls disband and return the latter end of
Nov" what cen wee do? I really do not know. I therefore have wrote'’
twice upon the same Subject to Gen?’ Abercromby desiring his orders
and directions, but I have not had one scrape of a pen from him since
the beginning of Sep" So it looks as if wee were either forgott or left to
our own good or bad fate and manadgment. For my own part I am
soon determined and that is to do all in my power that prudence can
suggest for the good of the service, nor do I think that in the Criticall
way things stand, one is anyways flattered to run the risque of ruin, in a
rash pursuit of a military glory. But more of this betwixt you and I
When wee meet, which I thought might have been about this time had
not these rains quite oversett all my schemes, however at all events I
leave this Fryday morning. I hope Col: Burds partys will bring you
some good Intelligence and pray recommend making a prisoner
t Stricken out.
586
25 October 1758
The road to the Advanced post ought to be sett about or indeed what-
ever is thought proper to be done. The Catawbas marchd Monday with
some Cherokees do not let them be idle, as they are in good humour
I do not know what to say to the Carpenter but I believe he will Come
with me.
Whatever you and I may suffer in our minds pray let us putt the best
face upon matters, and keep every body in Spirits. I expect Cob Mercer^®
with all the rest of the Waggons and Bats horses, and a great Convoy of
Cattle, in here to morrow. I shall make them instantly defile off. The
Waggon teams are extreamly good and I hope to be able to send up
sufficient provender to feed the horses and keep the Waggoners in good
humour. This is all that occurrs at present but that I am D'' S*''
Y'’ most ob* hum'® Ser‘
Jo Forbes
Col: Bouquet
Pray make my Complim'® to Col- Washington who’s letter"^ I receiv’d,
and who’s desire should have been Complyed with as Major StewarB^
will tell him who writes by this conveyance to him upon that head, having
at present no time My Self, for which I shall apologize at meeting.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes [25 OcB] 1758
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 248-250.
^ Bouquet to Forbes, October 20, which see.
^ Lieut. James Grant.
®Not found.
’Easton Conference, October 8-26. The Minutes are printed in Col. Rees., VIII,
175-223.
^ Cols. Archibald Montgomerj^ and William Byrd.
“Capt. David Hay.
’Forbes to Denny, October 22, printed in Col. Rees., VIII, 224-225, also in James,
Writings of General John Forbes, 242-243. The other letters were not found.
®Not found.
Forbes to Abercromby, October 16 and 24. L. S. are in AB-767, and 788. Copies
are in P.R.O. W.O. 34: 34, f. 367, and 34: 44, f. 373, printed in James, Writings
of General John Forbes, 231-234, and 244-247.
Col. Hugh Mercer.
” Not found.
’’ Stewart’s letter to Washington, October 24, printed in Hamilton, Letters to Wash-
ington, HI, 120-122, would indicate that Washington’s request was for warm clothing
and blankets for his troops.
27 October 1758
CARNE TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 244, A. L. S.]
587
Colonel Bouquet
Charles Town Carolina Ocf 27, 1758
Sir
Encouraged by Your kind Favour of Aug®* 16**^* Ul*® make bold to
Inclose a Notorial Copy of O'" Mdeanes” protested Bill. Leaving it to
You how to Remit whatever may be recover’d of it. A Bill on England
would be most acceptable.
Am at a Loss how to Express the [the]t gratefull Sense, I have of y®
Obligation You have Laid me under, it is not probable that it ever will
come within my small Sphere of Action, but should it by any Accident,
ever be in my power to serve Colonel Bouquet, Happy shall I Esteem
the Occasion. And Am
His Most Obliged & Gratefull Humble Serv-
Samuel Carne
P. S. Mt M'^leane is sensible [that he] receivd every shdling Cash
[ ] surely will
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Mt Carne CharlesTown
27*’' Oct?' 1758 Concerning D'' ATLean
[Addressed] For Colonel Bouquet, of the First Battalion, of the
Royal American Regiment, att, Reas Town, Camp.
P" Capt" NortlY
Q D c
t Stricken out.
' Not found.
"Dr. Lauchlan MacLeane. Copy of Bill, dated Nov. 16, 1757, together with protest
and notary’s affidavit, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 243.
"This may have been Capt. George North, or Noarth, master of one of the packets
from Philadelphia.
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 193, A. Df.]*
Camp at Loyal Hannon 28*’' October 1758
Monsieur
Je receus hier votre Lettre du 25?* et suis vivement affecte de I’lmpres-
slon que notre malheur fait Sur vous; Les obstacles de la nature ne sont
pas les Seuls que vous trouveres a votre Chemin L’Esprit qui regne dans
588
28 October 1758
I'armee pronostique d'autres Orages, Je les ai vus Se former depuis long
terns, ils commencent a crever, et comme Ton n’ose pas encore aller
jusqu’a vous, on fait des Essays Sur moy: Je Suis tranquille la dessus
ayant la Satisfaction de n’avoir rien a me reprocher, et aucune autre vue
que le Bien Public: La Seule Chose qui me touche est I’ingratitude de
gens que je n’ay jamais desobhge, mais dans toute occasion distingue,
et cherche a leur rendre Service: des qu’ils croj^ent pouvoir fortifier leurs
Partis, ils oublient toute bienseance, et Se mettent a la tete de tout ce
qui S’offre a me heurter. On ne pent gueres attendre d’autres Sentimens
de gens Sans Education ni Principes; Les vues de ceux qui sont dans un
autre Cas Sont connues, et tourneront j’espere a leur Confusion: En
attendant le service souffre, et quand il n’y auroit que cette cause Seule,
Elle Suffiroit pour rui'ner toute Entreprise, mais cette Idee ne fait pas
beaucoup d’Impression sur eux.
A I’Instance de quelques tins des membres du Court Martial- ils ont
voulu deputer Col. W & Col A ® pour me communiquer ce qu’ils
vous ecrivent.'* Sur I’avis qu’ils m’en ont fait donner, je les ai fait remer-
cier, mais ri’ay pas voulu les recevoir, ainsi je ne Seals que confusement
que e’est une Plainte de ce que j’ay fait arreter cet officier et Pay loge
dans une Redoute. Vous aves vu la nature de son Crime dans le Raport
de I’ofEcier dont il avoir force la garde, et je crois aujourdhuy comme
alors que Si un homme peut forcer un sentmelle pour une autre, on pent
supposer qu’il I'a forcerolt plutot pour lui meme: et que dans un tel
Cas, un home ne peut plus pretendre aux prerogatives d’un officier. Puis
que les Choses sont Sur ce Pied, il n’y a plus moyen de Servir, Je ne
voulois faire aucune attention aux Injures que I’on dit que ce meme
home a vomi contre moy, m’appellant publiquement un Rase . Mais
puis que ces Mess'" embrassent Sa cause, je Seray oblige avec beaucoup de
regret & d’humiliation de le pousser a mon tour.
J’espere que vous aures beau terns pour votre voyage, dans la disposi-
tion ou vous voyes les Esprits a mon Egard, vous voyes de quelle Conse-
quence est votre arrivee. Je continuerai en attendant d’agir a I’ordinaire,
Leur Cabale ne m’en impose pas, et je les tiendrai dans les bornes de
leur devoir.
On a decouvert dans ce moment un asses gros Party d’Indiens.
[no signature]
[TRANSLATION]
Camp at Loyalhanna, October 28, 1758.
Sir:
Yesterday I received your letter of the 25th,^ and am keenly affected
bt' the impression which our misfortune made on you. Natural obstacles
are not the only ones you will find on your road. The prevailing spirit
28 October 1758
589
in the army forecasts other storms. I have seen them gathering for a
long time, they are beginning to break, and as they do not yet dare go
up to you, they are making trials on me. I am at ease about this, as I
have the satisfaction of having nothing with which to reproach myself,
and no purpose other than the public good. The only thing which affects
me is the ingratitude of men I have never disobliged, but singled out
on every occasion, and sought to do them service. As soon as they think
they can strengthen their parties, they forget all decency, and put them-
selves at the head of every one who offers to hit at me. One can hardly
expect other sentiments from men without education or principles. The
intentions of those who are differently situated are known, and will end,
I hope, in their confusion. Meanwhile, the service is suffering, and if there
should be only this single cause, it would be enough to rum the whole
enterprise, but this thought does not make much impression on them.
At the suggestion of some of the members of the courtmartial,- they
tried to send Colonel W and Colonel A ^ to tell me what they
are writing'* to you. For the notice which they had given to me about it,
I sent thanks to them, but I did not want to receive them. Therefore, I
know only vaguely that it is a complaint about what I did m arresting
that officer® and lodging him in a redoubt. You have seen the nature
of his crime in the report® of the officer whose guard he forced; and I
believe today as then that if a man can force a sentinel for another man,
it may be supposed that he would soon force him for himself; and that
in such a case a man can no longer claim the prerogatives of an officer.
Since things are on this footing, there is no longer a way of serving. I
did not wish to pay any attention to the abuse which it is said this same
man has vomited against me, calling me publicly a rase - -, but since
these gentlemen have embraced his cause, I shall be obliged with much
regrei- and humiliation to thrust at him in my turn.
I hope that you will have good weather for your journey. Considering
the attitude they have toward me, you see how important your arrival
is. I shall continue, meanwhile, to act as usual. Their cabal does not
impress me, and I shall keep them within the limits of their dutv.
A rather large party of Indians has this moment been discovered.
[no signature]
* Original not found.
^Forbes to Bouquet, October 25, which see.
° Cf. Washington’s Orderly Book, Toner MSS., October 26.
^ Washington and John Armstrong.
‘Letters not found. See Forbes to Bouquet, October 31.
'Capt. Asher Clayton. See Forbes to Bouquet, October 5.
® Not found.
590
30 October 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B, M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 194, A. L. S.]*
Stonycreek Octob!" 30^*^ [1758.]
Dear Sir
I arrived here this afternoon from the top of the Allegany, where I
pass’d a Day accompanyed by the artillery, and Col: Montgomerys and
Byrds Battalions, they lye this night at Edmunds swamp, with the help
of forty of the best horses taken from those waggons, that I mett going
down the Country.
The Allegany Mountain is broke to pieces from down right neglect. I
have left 100 men to work upon it but had not tools enough to employ
them. A thing strange to me.
The road this day is frightfull and I think irrepairable, but I shall
employ M"" Bassett & Col: Mercers^ people for some days upon it.
I shall stay here to morrow and shall lye at the foot of the Lawrell
Hill Wednesday, [where I propose to bring Montgomery, Mercer and
Byrdjt so should be glad to see you there [. . . with the Colo® that are
with youjt or early on thursday morning
Be so good as order a hundred men over to the foot of the Hill as
ane escorte to me if you can spare y™ as I hear you have marchd 1000
to the advanced post.
I have orderd sixty oxen to sett of from this to morrow and there
still remains here 180, besides what is comeing up with the Last of the
Waggons &c that CoF Mercer with his detatchment brings up. I have
orderd every thing up directly particularly provision for horses, but
shall not croud you untill I see you. My Comp*® to Washington &c, and
send M*" Gordon- or any Engenier that has been with you to meet me
Wednesday early at the foot of Laurell Hill where I would rather wish
to see you, than on thursday, as time is precious. I am S*’’
Y'' Most devoted hum’® Serv*
Jo: Forbes
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} General Forbes October the 30***
{Addressed} To Col’ Bouquet Command" His Maj”®® Forces at Loyall
Hannon, or to the Command? officer
Jo Forbes
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 250-251.
+ Stricken out.
^Col. Hugh Mercer had reached Raystown, September 10.
^Capt. Harry Gordon.
591
31 October 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 196, L. S.]*
Camp at Stoney Creek 31®*^ October 1758
Dear Sir
I this morning Receiv’d your letter/ as likewise one- from Colonel
Washington, inclosing the General Court iVIartial of which he was
president.
I wrote^ to you last night, but in case the Messenger should be dilatory
upon the Road, I dispatch this to inform you, that I am to March from
hence to morrow morning, and will be at the foot of Laurel Hill by two
o’clock in the after noon at furthest, where I shall expect to see you, as
I have a great deal of different affairs to talke to you upon which requires
an interview as soon as possible.
I am very sensible that your prudent behaviour, will get the better
of all darke under hand Intrigues. I am
Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Jo Forbes
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] General Forbes Oct^ the 31®-
{Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet Commanding at Loylhannon
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 251.
See Bouquet to Forbes, October 28.
" Letter not found, but probably enclosed proceedings of the Court Martial mentioned
in Bouquet’s letter to Forbes, October 28, which see.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, October 30.
2
9
11
15
16
18
20
23
24
25
26
NOVEMBER, 1758
General Forbes and escort arrive at Loyalhanna.
General Forbes sends messages to Ohio Indians by Pisquetomen.
General Amherst receives notice of his appointment as commander-in-
chief of the British army in North America.
General Forbes holds council of war at Loyalhanna to decide on
further advance against Fort Dtiqtiesne.
Colonel Washington and troops, cutting road ahead of army, arrive
at Chestnut Ridge.
Pennsylvania Assembly meets to consider General Forbes' demands
for additional twelve hundred men and supplies for campaign.
General Forbes and main bod}^ of army enroute from Loyalhanna.
General Forbes and army arrive at Armstrong’s camp, twenty miles
west of Loyalhanna.
Colonel Bouquet establishes his camp at Turtle Creek, about twelve
miles from Fort Dtiquesne.
French abandon Fort Duqtiesne, and light troops from General
Forbes' army take possession.
General Forbes and arniji take formal possession of Fort Duquesne.
General Forbes renames Fort Duquesne Pittsburgh in honor of
William Pitt.
General Forbes proclaims day of public thanksgiving.
592
C. 5 November 1758 593
BOUQUET: PROPOSALS FOR A WINTER EXPEDITION
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 282, A. Df.]
[c. November 5, 1758]^
Propositions- Sur une Expedition d’hyver
1. Finir les fortifications de ce Poste,^ en y ajoutant deux Redoutes.
2. Construire un moulm a Scie, dont la digue formera une Inundation.
3. Escarper le Cote du nord
4. Batir un Convert pour les Chariots
5. Faire barraquer le Soldat dans des buttes creusees en Terre
6. Faire venir 30 Charpentiers pour construire un Dock et autant de
Bateaux qu’il en faudroit pour transporter les Troupes, 3000, 6
Semaines de Provisions, Partillerie et les Munitions.
N. B. Ces Bateaux devroient etre construit avec des Parapets a
Tepreuve de la mousqueterie, ce qui peut Se faire sans les
rendre trop pesans avec des Blankets: Les Rameurs doivent
aussi etre converts. M. Les Matelots du 2'* R^ de Virg?^ pour-
roient etre fort utiles.
7. Habiller le Soldat d’un Surtout fait d'un Blankett par dessus Son
habit, oil du moms d’une veste de flanelle, deux Paires de bons bas,
deux Paires de Souliers neufs, et une quantite de Peaux preparees
pour fournir des Mokawsins aux Woodsmen: une Paire de Leggings,
un Bonet fait avec des Blanketts, et des Mitts.
8. Avoir du Bock Short, et du menu Plomb pour les officiers.
Provisions for Six months
Flour, Rice, Corn, Salt Beef, Pork, Pease, Butter, Raisins; Turnips,
Carrots, Cabages, Apples dry and green; Oats, Rum, Whiskey, Wine,
Salt, Barley. Seeds for the Spring Cattle drove as long as pos-
sible, Hoggs, Nails.
Sundries
Medicines, Bandages &c® relating to an hospital
A Tinman Tin to mend Canteens
Lanthorns.
Expedition
The Battoes being ready, embark the men w**' Six days Provisions dressed,
and go down Conimax,® Kiskemenitos & Ohio, to disembark on the right
Side opposite to the Fort, where the Artillery must play hot on the Fort.
The Breach made an assault can be given or if not thought advisable.
594
C. 5 November 1758
move on this Side k open a regular attack. The Place being much raked
by the first, and the artillery probably dismounted. It would be Short
Work.
Pendant les Preparatifs de I’Expedition ExerCer le Soldat a tirer, prendre
Poste et charger couche derriere un logg, courir, ouvrir le Tranchee
[Endorsed] Papers concerning the Expedition of [1758]
[TRANSLATION]
[c. November 5, 1758]^
Proposals- Concerning a Winter Expedition
1. Finish the fortification of this PosC by adding two redoubts to it.
2. Build a sawmill, the dam of which will form an overflow.
3. Escarp the north side.
4. Construct a shelter for the wagons.
5. Have huts for the soldiers dug in the ground.
6. Have 30 carpenters come and build a dock and as many boats as will
be necessary to transport 3,000 troops, provisions for six weeks, ord-
nance and military stores.
N. B. Parapets should be built on these boats to protect them from
musket fire. Blankets will accomplish this without making
them too heavy. The oarsmen should be covered also. The
sailors of the RegimenC of Virginia could be extremely
useful.
7. Equip each soldier, besides his uniform, with an overcoat, made from
a blanket, or at least with a flannel jacket, two pairs of good stock-
ings, two pairs of new shoes, some prepared skins to supply the
“woodsmen” with moccasins, a pair of leggings, a cap made of blanket-
ing and some mittens.
8. Provide buckshot and small shot for the officers.
Provisions for Six months
Flour, Rice, Corn, Salt Beef, Pork, Pease, Butter, Raisins, Turnips,
Carrots, Cabages, Apples dry and green; Oats, Rum, Whiskey, Wine,
Salt, Barley. Seeds for the Spring Cattle drove as long as pos-
sible, Hoggs, Nails.
Sundries
Medicines, Bandages &c^ relating to an hospital.
A Tinman w^*^ Tin to mend Canteens &c^
Lanthorns.
C. 5 November 1758
Expedition
595
1 he Battoes being ready, embark the men w-'‘ Six days Provisions dressed
and go down Conimax,® Kiskemenitos & Ohio, to disembark on the right
Side opposite to the Fort, where the Artillery must play hot on the Fort.
The Breach made an assault can be given or if not thought advisable,
move on this Side & open a regular attack. The Place being much raked
by the first, and the artillery probably dismounted. It would be Short
Work.
As a preparation for the expedition, train the soldiers to shoot, to take
positions, to load lying behind a log, to run, to dig trenches, etc.
^ See Washington’s letter to Bouquet, c. November 6, which refers to this plan.
'According to W’ashington’s letter to Forbes, October 8, printed in Fitzpatrick,
Writings of Washington, II, 295-298, Forbes had requested his colonels to submit
plans for the march to Fort Duquesne. This was probably Bouquet’s plan for the
expedition. See also Detail for a March, which follows.
® Loyalhanna.
* Col. William Byrd’s Regiment.
® Conemaugh River unites with the Loyalhanna at Saltsburg, in Indiana County, to
form the Kiskiminetas.
BOUQUET: DETAIL FOR A MARCHE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 278, A. Df.]
[c. November 5, 1758]
Proportion of Artiller}^ Ammunition, Tools, Provisions, Rum, and forrage
for a Detachment of 3000 Men including officers, [and of]t or
2500 R. F.
4. Six Pounders
40 Rounds Each, Powder &c“
[16]t Horses 16
1 Waggon
6 Cohorns & Amm: Buck Shott.
2 d°
24 Barrills of Cartridges or
the quantity in Powder & Balls
for 12 Spare Rounds p' Man
200 falling Axes & two Grind Stones
1
1
6
Intrenching Tools
Rum &; forrage . .
15 at 6 — 90
A forge Cart
Draught H. 106
t Stricken out.
596
6 November 1758
Flying Flospital 6 Pack horses
3000# of flour '/2 allowance for
five days to Col. Armst: detach: 25 at 120#
15000# d'’ !4 allowance for
ten days for 3000 Men 125 at d"
7200# d'^ for 8 days for
1800 Men to be carried
by themselves.
9,0,00[0]t# Meat for five days for 30
1200 Men at [at]t 114# p"" Man
18,000# d" for 10 days for d° 60
48,600# d" for 18 days for 1800 Men: 162
75,600# 252 Bullocks
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Detail for the march from Fort
Ligonier
t Stricken out.
’■This is probably part of Bouquet’s Proposal for a Winter Expedition.
REPORT OF BREAD AT LOYALHANNA
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 41, D. S.]
A Report of the Bread examined by us at Loyalhannan
November 6*'* 1758
found 33 Barrells Good
& 23 to be picked
R: Harding cap
R: A: R—
John Gordon^ Cap^
First High'* Battalion
Alex Beall Cap*
in the Mary^ Troops
John Paine^ Cap^
North Car” Troops —
Richd Walker Capt first Ba:**”®
J** Gooding^ Cap^ in Delaware Goverm^ Troops
John Ed'? Lomax^ L* 1®* V“ R*:
C. 6 November 1758 597
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Visite^ of the Bread Loyal Hannon
6^'* Nov''
' Capt. John Gordon, commissioned, Januar}’, 1757, in the 77th Regiment.
" Probably an officer in Major Hugh Waddel’s regiment.
“Jacob Gooding, Jr., promoted to rank of captain, June 13.
‘John Edward Lomax, promoted to rank of lieutenant in Capt. Robert Spotswood’s
company, about June, 1757.
“ Visite, an official inspection.
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 61, A. L. S.]
[c. November 6, 1758]
Dear Sir
You will be surprisd till I give you a reason for it/ at receiving a Letter
from a Person m the same Camp^ with you, and who has free access at
all times to your Tent — but when I tell you that we were interrupted
while conversing on a very important matter, and that I did not cer-
tainly know whether I might have another oppertunity of renewing the
Conversation tdl you had some how or other settled the point with the
General, I flatter myself you will excuse the freedom I now beg leave to
use with you.
I don’t doubt Sir but you have thoroughly considerd the practicability
of the Scheme- you this Night mentioned to me — and the good or evil
consequences to be derivd therefrom, according to its success — it might
therefore seem unseasonable to offer the following crude thoughts, did I
not believe you are desirous of hearing opinion’s— at least — on this
occasion
How far then do you believe our Stock of Provisions — to say nothing
of other Matters — will allow us to execute this Plan.? will it last | think
you]t till we coud reduce Fort Duquesne and March back to the Inhabi-
tants— or receive a Supply else where.^ if it woud do this the Measure
may be right; but if it will not what is the consequence.? Is it not neglect-
ing the [ defence]/ strengthening of this place — consuming the Provisions
that shoud support a Garrison here, and aboning our Artillery either to
the Enemy or a general destruction — It appears to me in that light.
Now suppose the Enemy gives us a meeting in the Field and we put
them to the Rout what do we gain by it? perhaps triple their loss of
Men in the first place, tho’ our numbers may be greatly superior /and If
t Stricken out.
598
11 November 1758
I may be allowd to judge from what I have seen of late, we shall not
highten much that good opinion they seem to have of our skill in woods
fighting/ — therefore to risk an Engagement when so much depends upon
It, without having the accomplishment of the main point in view, appears
in my Eye, to be a little Imprudent — coud we suppose the Enemy woud
immediately evacuate their Eort in case of defeat in the Woods — or as I
before observd coud we be certain of Provisions in y® other event, I think
not a moments time is left for hesitation — but one or tother of these we
ought to be assurd of. you I am sensible stand very little in need of any
of these suggestions — which are thrown together in haste, as I waited till
this moment almost, expecting to see you You will at least pardon this
liberty & believe me to be
Your Most Obed^
PP'<-‘ Serv^
G” Washington
Monday^ 9 Oclock P M
{Endorsed in Bouqioet’s handzvriting] Col. Washington 9‘^'-''' the
[Addressed] To ColP Bouquet
^Probably Loyalhanna, as Washington dated his letters from that camp on Novem-
ber 5.
"This probably refers to Bouquet’s Plan for a Winter Expedition, c. November 5, which
see.
“According to the calendar for 1758, Monday would have fallen on November 6, the
only possible Monday on which Washington could have been at Loyalhanna in
November. He had moved on to Chestnut Ridge before the fifteenth.
BOUQUET: COUNCIL OF WAR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 280, A. Df.]
[Pittsburgh, Nov. 11, 1758]
L’armee etant campee a Pittsborough^ le 11® Nov^ Le General
assembla un Conseil de guerre compose des Colonels Bouquet, Mont-
gomery, Chev^ S* Clair Washington, Byrd, Armstrong, Burd, & Mer-
cer^ et ayant expose la Situation des Troupes, et des Vivres, ses
Instructions, et les Intelligences des forces de I’Ennemy, II Souhaitta
que nous deliberassions murement Sur ces Points, et qu’apres les
avoir discutes a find nous lui donnasslons notre opinion Sur ce qu’il
convenolt de faire.
Les Raisons pour marcher en avant Sont I’esperance de deposseder
les Ennemis de L’Ohlo, et nous en assurer la Possession;
11 November 1758
599
De nous debarasser des Indiens etablis Sur cette Riviere qui
pousses par les frangois infestent &: ravagent continuellem* nos
Provinces.
Et enfin le desir de repondre aux depences de I'Expedition et a
attente de nos Colonies qui ignorant les difficultes de L’entreprise
regardent la [E . . .] Fort comme une Chose tres aisee pour le Corps
de Troupes employes dans cette Expedition.
Les Raisons contre paroissent etre
1® Le Deffaut d’habillement pour guarantir les Troupes du froid, et
I’lmpossibilite dV remedier.
2. Le peu de Provisions, et I’lncertitude d’un convoy par des Chemins
rendus presque impraticables par le mauvais Terns. Le manque de
Chevaux et d’herbe pour les nourrir ce qui les rend Si faibles que Ton
n’en peut attendre que peu de Services.
3. L’impossibilite de pourvoir ce Poste de vivres Pour I’hyver Si nous
consumions avec I’armee Ceux que nous avons.
4. La diminution de I’armee redulte a la moitie, et le deffaut absolu,
d’Intelligences des forces de I’Ennenij^ malgre tons les moyens
employes pour en procurer.
5. Le risque de perdre I’artillerie si le mauvais Terns [ou]t le manque
de vivres, ou un Echu nous obligeoit de nous retirer Sans prendre la
Place.
6. L’impossibilite de Supporter ce Fort Si nous le prenions, les Provinces
n’ayant fait aucune Provision pour le Soutenir, Et y retenir ou
replacer les Troupes dont le terns est pret d’expirer.
7. Les Suites d’une Bataille perdue qui nous falsant perdre les avantages
que nous avons acquis par I’extension de nos frontieres, ouvriroit nos
Provinces aux Ennemis, et nous attireroit Sur les Bras non Seulement
les Indiens qiii Sont Ennemis declares mais [ressassant le traite
d’Easton, tues]t ceux meme qui au traite d’Easton^ ont Signe la
Paix, [Et]t qui par meprls pour nous et crainte des frangois ce
manqueroient par de Se declarer contre nous.
Les risques etant Si evidemment superieure aux avantages, ne laissent
aucune doute Sur le seul Party que la Prudence dicte.
t Stricken out.
600
11 November 1758
[TRANSLATION]
[Pittsburgh, Nov. 11, 1758]
The Army being encamped at Pittsborough^ the General called a
Council of War on November 11. It was composed of Colonels Bou-
quet, Alontgomery, Sir St. Clair, Washington, Byrd, Armstrong, Burd,
and Mercer.- After explaining the situation as regards to troops and
provisions, his instructions and the new's about the enemy’s forces,
he asked us to weigh each point carefully and, after discussing it
thoroughly, to give him our opinion as to what would be the best
course to pursue.
The arguments for advancing are:
The hope of driving the enemy from the Ohio thereby assuring us
possession of it.
The hope of getting rid of the Indians, who have settled along
this river and who continually overrun and ravage our provinces.
Finally, the hope of justifying the expenses of the expedition and
the hopes of our Colonies who, ignorant of the difficulties the enter-
prise involves, regard the Fort as a very easy objective for the body
of troops undertaking this expedition.
The arguments against it appear to be:
1st. of clothing to protect the troops from the cold, and the
impossibility of obtaining any.
2'“^- The scarcity of provisions and the uncertainty of obtaining any by a
convoy because bad weather has made the roads almost impassable,
d he shortage of horses, and of grass to feed them makes them so
weak that but little use can be expected of them.
3111. impossibility of providing this post with provisions for the winter
if we and the army consume that on hand.
4*’'- The reduction of the Army to one half its normal strength and the
absolute lack of any knowledge about the enemy’s forces in spite of
all our efforts to obtain it.
5*'’- 1 he risk of losing the ordnance if bad weather, the lack of provisions,
or a defeat forces us to retreat without capturing the place.
6*’“- The impossibility of maintaining this fort if we should take it, as the
Provinces have made no provision to sustain it or to keep or replace
the troops whose time is about to expire.
7**'- The results of a defeat which would cause us to lose the advantages
we had acquired by the extension of our frontiers, would open our
Provinces to the enemy, and would bring down upon us not only
the Indians who are our declared enemies but also those who have
12 November 1758
601
made peace at the Treaty of Easton,^ who from contempt for us and
fear of the French, would not fail to declare against us.
The risks being so obviously greater than the advantages, there is no
doubt as to the sole course that prudence dictates.
^.Actually, this was Loyalhanna, or Fort Ligonier, which seems to have borne the
name of the Great Commoner for a short time before the capture of Fort Duquesne.
■ Col. Hugh Mercer.
^ Easton Council, October 8-26.
COCHRANE TO BOUQUET
[B. M.. Add. MSS. 21643, f. 246, .\. L. S.l
[Albany, Nov. 12, 1758]
Dear Sir
I delayed Sending you A Return’^ of the Six Companies till I should
come here, that I might inform you more particularly As to their Situa-
tion. Cap'^ Slosser- with his Company is at Fort Miller,^ which is 6 miles
Above Saratoga; the other five Companies Are here for their winter
quarters. Gen'^ Abercromby is recalled & leaves this place to day or to
morrow, Gen'^ Amherst is to command in his room; I was told that IVU
Pitt wrote to him that tho’ he had not been Successful! he might expect
marks of the Royal favour. We expect General Stanwix here every hour;
till he comes I don’t know what Officers will be sent to Recruit, the
clothing is at New York in M'' Wallace’s'* care, & I propose to send for
what belongs to the Six Companies by the first Opportunity. We long
much to hear how it fares with you & our other friends with you: I need
not tell you how much we wish you Success. You’ll oblige me in believing
me to be
Dear Sir
Your most Obed* & most hub’'^ serv*
Gavin Cochrane
Albany November 12*** 1758
Gen’* Amherst is said to succeed Gen” Abercromby As Co” of the Royal
Americans.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’ s hand-zuritmg’\ Cap’ Cochran 12”* Novt
^Not found.
**Capt. John Joseph Schlosser, commissioned captain lieutenant, May, 1736, in 60th
Regiment, promoted to captain, January, 1758.
**A small fort at the mouth of Stony Creek, on the Hudson River, about 8 miles from
Fort Edward, N. Y.
‘ Hugh Wallace, financier. New York.
602 16 November 1758
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT FORT LIGONIER
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21643, f. 247, D. S.]
Camp at Loyal Hannon 16*’’ Novt 1758
1 he following are the Questions & their Answers as proposed by Colonel
Bouquet & the Rest of the Colonels on the Expedition against Fort de
Quesne &c to Cap- Gordon & Lieut- Dudgeon Engineers this Evening.
1-* Quest” What time & what Number of Men, &ca, would it take to put
this Place in Such a Condition as to be Able to hold out against a Superior
Force provided with Artillery, So as to have the Artillery & Stores now
here left in Security.
Cap* Gordon Answerd to the above Question that he thought it was Im-
possible to put this Place in Such a Condition this Season.
The above Question being put Afterwards to Cap3 Dudgeon he Answered,
he thought it might be done with a Sufficient Number of men in a Months
time, but upon Reflection is of Opinion, that as the Season is so far now
Advanced it cannot be put in Such a Condition this Season.
Colonel Bouquet ask’d what Cap^ Gordon Imagined could done to Resist
what Artillery the Enemy had, according to his own Notion or Could
bring against the Place.
He Answerd that nothing could be done to be defensible against a Battery
of Six Six Pounders, afterwards both being asked.
In the Condition things are in and Considering the Impossibility of Re-
crossing the Mountains with the Artillery &ca now here, in Case of a
Repulse from the Enemy what Methods Could be taken to Secure it at
this Place.
Answer’d that the Readiest Method of Makeing a Parapet would be with
Fascines the Outside of the Stockades, at Such a distance, that being fitted
in with Earth it might be Able to Resist and be proof from Shot of Small
Pieces of Cannon, And that Such a Parapet might be made by 500 Men
in three Weeks and a Ditch dug to fill it up — But that One Coehorn
Mortar would be Sufficient to Destroy the Place by Blowing up tbe
Magazine. [And]t
Harry Gordon,
Rich^ Dudgeon
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Questions to the Engeneers about
Fort Ligonier
t Stricken out.
17 November 1758
603
BOUQUET TO FORBES
[Loyalhanna, c. Nov. 17, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Forbes in his to Bouquet, November 22. It
probably enclosed Washington’s letter to Forbes, November 17. See Washington’s letter
to Bouquet, of that date.
Dear Coll“
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 59, A. L. S.]*
Camp West of bushy Run 17 9'^®'' 1758
I have not time to write you fully for which reason I enclose Generals
Letter^ to you — please to read, Seal, and deliver it if you are together —
and forward it on, if you are marchd. You will see my anxiety on Acc- of
Indians and my Bullocks; employ your interest therefore my D'’ Sir in
dispatching them to me. I have been sadly puzzled for want of a guide &
the Service has sufferd by it. I applied for one before I left Pitsbourgh but
wa^ told there was no occasion for any
I am My D'' Col-
Yt Most Obed?
G" Washington
If my Bullocks are with Col. Montgomery he I expect will forward them
I have wrote to him to that purpose. Col° Armstrong’s [sh'^j come on
also
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting\ Col. Washington 17-** 9’*®’’
[Addressed] On His Majesty’s Service To Col” Bouquet at Pitsbourgh
or &c®
* Printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 305-306.
*This probably refers to Washington’s letter to Forbes, November 17, printed in
Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 303-304.
FORBES TO [WASHINGTON]!
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 198, A. L. S.]*
From the Camp^ where they are building the Redouts
just arrived 2 aClock afternoon
[November 20, 1758]
Sir
The Catawbas & those Indians that came with Croghan, I have per-
suaded to march forward and join you were it never so late this night,
the Cherokees are not come up. I know nothing of how far you go this
night or where you make your last stop, so as by this time Col” Bouquet
604
20 November 1758
must have joined you I suppose all that is settled. Be therefore so good,
as send me back with a fresh Horse, where you are this night, where you
go to morrow, What orders Col° Montgomery has, and as far as you
have learned, the distances of the places before you as well as those dis-
tances from this forward to you. Turtle Creek See and where you intend
to push for, that wee may assemble and proceed together.
I have sent forw’ard 30 head of Cattle from the 90 that came from Loy'^
Hanning with the last Division, [and I understand that Col' Bouquet had
order'd forward 15 morejt they have orders to make no stop untill they
reach 3mu. I shall order Col: Montgomery to strengthen their escorte
I never doubted of the ennemys scouting partys discovering us, but I
think it highl}:' necessary that wee discover them likewise, as also the
sure knowledge, if ever the}^ send out any force from their fort capable
of Attacking us. I could not well join Montgomery this night, but shall
if possible to morrow, for which reason if he is not absolutely necessary
up with 3'ou his making a Short march to morrow' will give me ane oppor-
tunity of joining him to morrow night, and wee can join you next day.
The Stillj'ards &c were sent 3'ou p express, 2 days ago. I have sent an-
other express back to hasten up the Carpenter.
I have orderd 40 of the Waggon horses that arrived yesterday at Toy”
Hanning (Which are ver}' fine) to be directl}'' sent off with Eight loads
of Flour in order to make the train quite easy and as there are a great
number of Bats horses loaded with flour I should think the men ought to
he putt again to their old Allowance, for otherwise our Cattle will not do
and wee have flour enough
Croghan has sent off 3 of his Indians towards the Ohio for Intelligence,
and Jacob Tewis'^ that CoE Armstrong sent out last thursday is just come
in without having done, or learning any one thing If Col: Bouquet chooses
that CoE Montgomer\^ should halt one hour or two for me to morrow
morning, let him send him back orders bj^ the return of this express to
night or order him a Short march & I can join him and bring Cattle Ar-
tillerv and all in with us This must serve as ane answer to CoE Bouquet
and 3mur letters' that I receivd this morning. Wrote in my litter so excuse
Y"' Most oh* S:c &c
Jo Forbes
{Endorsed'\ 20"^ Nov.
* Printed in James, IVritings of General John Forbes, 259-260.
+ Stricken out.
^The contents of this letter would indicate that it was written to Washington, who
probably turned it over to Bouquet.
° The Three Redoubts were on a hill half a mile southwest of the present Hannastown,
and about 3 miles north of Greensburg, Westmoreland County.
Not identified.
* Bouquet's letter to Forbes not found. Washington’s letters to Forbes, dated Novem-
ber 16 and 17, are printed in Fitzpatrick, Writings of Washington, II, 302-305.
605
20 November 1758
TULLEKEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 255, .A. L. S.]
New York 20-'^ Nov'^'’ 1758.
Dear Sir.
As soon as the Genera! give up all thoughts of makeing a second at-
tempt at Teonderoga^ I desired leave to go to the Southward for my
health. I accordingly have been here about three weeks. And should have
acquainted you of it sooner, but waited to know how our Companies were
to be disposed of for the Winter. Five of them are at Albany, And one
/Captain schlossersV at Fort Miller, a little place about eight Miles from
Fort Edward;
I intended to have winter’d myself at Phdadelphia, but the changes
that have happen’d in the Commanders in chief. And not knowing what is
to become of B. Stanwix, and not haveing heard from him for some time,
I thought it better for me to stay here, till such time as I know how things
are to be;
Most People imagine that B. Stanwix is to go home. M’’ AmhursU a
younger Colonel then him being apointed to the Command, and I be-
lieve It will be so: Col. Gage is appointed a Brigad*' GeneP from home.
Co' Prevost^ is not, And it is said that the latter will resign;
General Amhurst is expected here daily. And Gen’ Abercrombie is on
the Water comeing down. B Stanwix when I heard last from Albany was
not arrived there but expected every Moment, it is said that he is to
Command at Albany till General Amhurst’s arrival. And that than B.
Gage who is now here is to go and take the Command at Albany;
I have sent the Cloathing up to the six Companies, what is to be done
with that which is for you I cant tell. I must wait your directions in
that matter;
Officers and mens Tents will be wanted for the next Campaign, if wee
have another. And many other things. But I hope to have the happiness
of kissing your hand before the time comes that it may be necessary
to order them; One thing I must hope you will do if it is in your power.
And that is to send out recruiting Parties as soon as possible,- as wee have
few or no Subalterns to spare. Many of them being not yet sufficiently
recover’d of their wounds to go on any service;
Colonel Prevost and his Battalion garrison Fort Edward. Col. Frazer^
and his People Fort Stanwix on the Mowhawk River. The Rot’aU and
our Five Companies’’’ Albany. 46^ Schenectady. 55”’” on the River about
Thirty Miles below Albany. The Light infantry a little below them. The
rest of the troops are all down the River;
For Godsake, My dear sir, if it is possible get your People as near this
way as you can, that wee may have some little Chance of joining the next
606
22 November 1758
Campaign, I assure you wee most sincerely wish and desire to see you and
the rest of the Gentlemen. And for my own part if wee do not I shall be
very Miserable;
I intend staying [hearjt here till General Stanwix comes. And I dont
know that I shall go any farther Southward as I find myself at present
extremly well;
I hope you will honour me with your Commands: As no body can be
more willing to obey them than
Dear Sir,
Your very greatly obliged
Very Obedient & very hum*?'® Servant
Jn*? Tulleken
My best respects to all the gentlemen of the Corp.
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting} Major Tulleken
t Stricken out.
^ Ticonderoga.
^ Capt. John Schlosser.
“Col. William Amherst (1732-1781), brother of Sir Jeffery Amherst.
■' Col. James Prevost.
° Col. Simon Frazer, commander of the 78th Regiment, 1758-1763.
“King’s Royal, or First, Regiment.
’ First battalion of the Royal American, or 60th, Regiment.
® 46th Regiment, commanded by Lieut. Gen. Thomas Murray, commissioned, June,
1743, as colonel and promoted in January, 1758.
“55th Regiment, commanded by Col. John Prideaux, October, 1758, succeeding Lord
Howe.
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 199, A. L S.]*
D-- Sir
[November 22, 1758]
I have the pleasure of yours^ by Cap* Callender just as I had taken the
resolution to halt the two [. . .] Brigades here for this night, as indeed
it seemed to me impossible to proceed, for it was a quarter of hour past
four and rather dark. I had no reason either to expect that the road
was better, or better open’d than what I had come, which was so mon-
strously and Carelessly done that I lost all manner of patience, and was
oblidged to employ the artillery guard to make Bridges & Openings to
let them pass. This made it impossible for the Artillery to have got one
bitt of ground further than this to night, as it is now seven oCIock and ^
22 November 1758
607
the rear is not yet come in. I therefore orderd Col; Montgomerys- work-
ing party and advanced guard amounting to near 300 men to march for-
ward to join & strengthen you, which will be sufficient.
If your post^ pleases you altho I do not know' the distance to F Du-
quesne I would begin early to morrow morning and putt it in a posture
of Defence. You may employ the tools that Montgomerys working party
has with them for that purpose, and if you want any others let me know
by a message this night and I will send them forward to you by break
of Day. As it will take all to morrow to settle our matters for next
days Operations I beg that the Indians be sent forward to morrow for
Intelligence, with orders to lye out all next night and watch any force
that the Ennemy may either send to attack us or bring to their fort,
and for the same purpose some of the very best of your Scourers ought to
be sent out, with the like orders but to send of to acquaint us from time
to time of whatever happens I think some of the light horse might now
be very usefully employed, particularly in gaining all the heights and
reconnoitring the Grounds on the flanks, and in bringing quick intelligence
of whatever happens, all this is so materiall I need not recommend the
sending off all those by day break.
M"" Croghans 3 Indians joined us on our march and I Suppose have
gone forward to you, as I could not well understand them I know not
what discoverys they have made, but I fancy no great ones
I hear nothing worth acquainting you. Cap^ Callendar Says that if
there was 3 miles cutt forward from your camp that all the rest of the
road is easy to the fort. I think this might be tr3^ed tomorrow if possible.
Let me hear from you and believe Me
Y'' Most ob*^ hum’® Serv^
Jo Forbes
I have sent the light horse to pass the night upon the tops of the Hills
all round,
Wednesday 22'’ past seven at night
I shall send off a Waggon load of Entrenching tools by break of day
to morrow.
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handwriting] Gen? Forbes 22*^ Nov^
[Addressed] To Col- Bouquet at the Advanced Camp
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 261-262.
'‘Not found. Possibly Bouquet’s letter written c. November 17.
” Col. Archibald Montgomery.
” Bouquet’s Camp, at head of Thompson Run near present Clarksville, about 12 miles
from Fort Duquesne. See Bouquet to .-Mien, November 25, and Forbes to Bouquet,
December 4.
608
25 November 1758
BOUQUET TO ANNE WILLING^
[Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, III (1879), 135-136]*
Eort Duquesne, Nov. 25, 1758
Dear Nancy:
I liave the satisfaction to give you the agreeable news of the conquest
of this terrible Eort. The Erench seized with a panic at our approach
have destroyed themselves — that nest of Pirates which has so long har-
boured the murderers and destructors of our poor People.
They have burned and destroyed to the ground their fortifications,
houses, and magazines, and left us no other cover than the heavens — a
very cold one for an army without Tents or Equipages. We bear all this
hardship with alacrity by the consideration of the immense advantage
of this important acquisition.
The glory of our success must after God be allowed to our General,
who from the beginning took those wise measures which deprived the
French of their chief strength, and by the treaty of Easton kept such
a number of Indians idle during the whole campaign, and procured a
peace with those inveterate enemies, more necessary and beneficial to
the safety and welfare of the Provinces than the driving the French from
the Ohio. His prudence in all his measures, in the numberless difficulties
he had to surmount, deserves the highest praises. I hope that glorious
advantage will be improved, and this conquest properly supported by
speedy and vigorous measures of the Provinces concerned. I wish sincerely
that for their interest and happiness they may agree on that point, but
I will not speak politics to a young lady.
I hope to have soon the pleasure to see you, and give you a more
particular account of what may deserve your curiosity: chiefly about
the beauty of this situation, which appears to me beyond my description.
Farewell, my dear Nancy. My compliments to the family, and believe
me most sincerely.
Your most devoted hble. Sert.,
H. Bouquet.
* Original not found.
^ Anne (Nancy) Willing, daughter of Charles Willing, prominent business-man of
Philadelphia, and sister of Thomas Willing.
25 November 175S
609
BOUQUET TO STANWIX
[Amherst Papers, P.R.O. W.O. 34:40, f. 141, A. L. S.]
Fort Du Quesne 25-'^ Nov!" 1758
Dear General
I have the Pleasure to inform you that after a Speedy march from
Loyal Hannon, we are arrived here to day in expectation to meet the
Ennemy: but to our great Surprise have found the Fort in Flames, and
abandonned. They have been So hurried that they have burnt all their
Stores and Indian Goods, which b)^ the appearance seem to have been
very considerable.
Your four Companies have given me great Satisfaction in the various
Events of this hard Campaign, where we have had the misfortune to
loose near all our officers, being reduced to the three Cap* *®^ & two Subs;-
Bentinck & Blane. Poor Evans^ is dead of the wound he received in our
last Skirmish and Philipps^ is very ill and lefft behind.
The men are also greatly reduced, deficient of every necessary, half
naked, wdthout shoes, and without means of getting any. We have neither
Tents nor Bagage, but are in good spirits in Expectation of a good Winter
Quarter, which we hope you will have provided for us.
I have no time to enter in any detail, taking the opportunit}^ of the first
Express to give 3mu Part of our Success and assure jmu that nobody is
more Sincereh^
Dear General
Your most obedient
most hble Servant
H. Bouquet
General Stanwix
{Endorsed} Col Bouquet to Br General Stanwix 25*’’ Nov^ 58, from
Fort Duquesne A — d. Jan^" 7: 59.®
^ Capts. Ralph Harding, Francis Lander, and Thomas Jocelyn.
' Lieuts. Rudolph Bentinck and Archibald Blane.
" Lieut. John Evans, commissioned, February, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
* Probably Lieut. Ralph Phillips, commissioned, December, 1756, in the 60th Regiment.
^ Not found.
BOUQUET TO TULLEKEN
[Fort Duquesne, Nov. 25, 1758]
Letter missing, hut acknowledged by Tulleken in his to Bouquet, December 16. The
letter undoubtedly gave an account of the taking of Fort Duquesne.
6i0
Dear Sir
25 November 1758
BOUQUET TO WILLIAM ALLEN
[H. S. P., Penn Papers, Vol. IX, f. S3, A. L. S.]*
Fort Duquesne 25 November 1758
I take with great pleasure this first opportunity of informing you of
the Reduction of this important place, pursuaded that the success of
his Majesty’s Arms on this side will give you a great satisfaction, and
reward you for all the pains you have taken for the difficult supply of
this army.
We marched from Loyal Hannen with 2500 picked men without
[Teams] or Baggage, and a light-train of Artillery in expectation of meet-
ing the Enemy and determine by a battle who should possess this Country.
The distance is about Eifty miles which we marched in five Days, a
great diligence considering the Season, the Uncertainty of the Roads
mtirely unknown and the difficulty of making them practicable for the
artillery.
The 23 we took post at 12 Miles from hence and halted the 24 for
Intelligence. In the Evening our Indians reported that they had dis-
covered a very thick smoak from the Front extending m the bottom
along the Ohio; a few hours after they sent word that the Enemies had
abandoned their Fort after having burnt everything. We marched this
morning and found the Report true, — they have blown up and destroyed
all their Fortifications, Houses, Ovens and Magazines; all the Indian
Goods burnt in their Stores which seems to have been very considerable.
They seem to have been about 400 men, part is gone down the Ohio,
100 by land supposed to Presque Isle, and 200 with the Governor, Mr.
de Lignery, to Venango; where he told the Indians he intended to stay
this Winter, in intention to dislodge us in the Spring; We could soon
make him ship his Quarters, had we only provisions, but we are scarcely
able to maintain ourselves a few days here to treat with the neighboring
Indians who are summoned to meet us; The Destruction of the Fort,
the want of Victuals and the impossibility of being supplied in time at
this distance and season of the year, obliges us to go back and to leave
a small detachment of 200 Men only, by way of keeping possession of
the Ground. This successful Expedition can be of great service to the
Provinces, provided they will improve and support it: It is now the time
to take vigorous Measures to secure this Conquest, and unless Virginia
and Pennsylvania can agree upon an immediate assistance, all our pains
and advantages will be loss.
An immediate supply of provisions, Cloathing and necessaries should
at any rate be sent up for the support of the Troops, and Measures taken
25 November 1758
611
for the formation of Magazines on the Frontiers (Rays Town and Cumber-
land) for the supply of an army to act early in the Spring.
The souccours and directions from England would be too late, and if
the Colonies do not exert them.selves to the utmost of their power, I am
afraid the}' will have occasion to repent it.
Indian Goods ought to be provided without delay with a Commissary
or proper person to dispose of them either for Trade or presents, as our
New friends cannot remain long unprovided and would soon return to
the French, was we to let them want.
Some artificers are also greatly wanted, such as Carpenters, Smiths,
Masons, Gunsmiths & chieflv Ship builders &c
A number of Cows and Bulls, Mares and Stallions, Garden seeds &:c.
every moment is precious and the Land so rich, and the pastures so
abundant that everything should thrive, and the Garrison would soon
be able to support itself.
Fish Netts and Flooks would likewise be of great use for people reduced
to Salt Meat, and some Rice, Barley &:c. to prevent the Sctirvey among
the Men. I enter in all those Details with you because I think the safety
of this post depends of it, and in the plenty you are used to live, they
would not so readily occur to you, as to us who are deficient of every
necessary of life. Could you diffuse in the Assembly the publick Spirit
which directs all your actions, I would be very easy upon the Conse-
quences, but I know the disposition of people in general always indolent
and ready to fall asleep on the smallest glance of ease and quiet. You
must rouse them, and make them sensible that this business is but half
done. We have acted our part, let you do yours; It is now in jmur power
to enjoy in peace and quietude your Lands and possessions, if jmu will
only lay out m time some money, which may save 3mu ten times more,
and the lives of thousands of your poor Inhabitants.
After God the success of this Expedition is intirely due to the General,
who by bringing about the Treaty of Easton,^ has struck the blow which
has knocked the French in the head, in temporizing wisely to expect
the Effects of that Treaty, in securing all his posts, and giving nothing
to chance; and not yielding to the urging instances for taking Braddock’s
Road, which would have been our destruction; In all these measures I say
that he has shown the greatest prudence, firmness and ability; Nobody
is better informed of the Numberless difficulties he had to surmount
than I am, who had an opportunity to see every step that was taken
from the beginning and every obstruction that was thrown in his way.
I wish the Nation may be as sensible of his service as he really deserves
and give him the only reward that can flatter him; The pleasure of seeing
them pleased and satisfied.
612
26 November 1758
I expect the satisfaction to see you this winter and to talk more at
large upon the subject. I beg you will present my Compliments to Mrs.
Allen and believe me with great truth
Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Servant
Henry Bouquet.
‘Printed in Pa. Mag. of Hist. ^ Biog., Vol. XXXII, 448-451.
^ Easton Conference, October 7 — 26.
EXTRACT OF LE^FTER FROM PITTSBURGH
(LATELY FORT DUQUESNE)
[Pennsylvania Gazette, Dec. 14, 1758]
[November 26, 1758]
“P have now the Pleasure to write you from the Ruins of the Fort.
On the 24th, at Night, we were informed by one of our Indian Scouts,
that he had discovered a Cloud of Smoke above the Place, and soon after
another came in with certain Intelligence, that it was burnt and abandoned
by the Enemy. We were then about IS Miles from it. A Troop of Horse
was sent forward immediately to extinguish the Burning, and the whole
Army followed. We arrived at Six a Clock last Night, and found it in
a great Measure destroyed. There are two Forts, about 200 Yards dis-
tant; the one built with immense Labour, small but a great deal of very
strong Works collected into little Room, and stands on the Point of
a narrow Neck of Land, at the Confluence of the two Rivers. It is square,
and has two Ravelins, Gabions- at each Corner, &c. The other Fort stands
on the Bank of the Allegheny, in the Form of a Paralelogram, but nothing
so strong as the other. Several of the Outworks were lately begun, and
still unfinished. There are, I think, 30 Stacks of Chimnies standing, the
Houses all destroyed. They sprung a Mine, which ruined one of their
Magazines; m the other we found 16 Barrels of Ammunition, a prodigious
Quantity of old Carriage Iron, Gun Barrels, and about a Cart-load of
scalping Knives, &c. They went off in so much Haste, that they could
not make quite the Havock of their Works they intended. We are told
by the Indians, that they lay the Night before last at Beaver Creek,
about 40 Miles down the Ohio from here. Whether they buried their
Cannon in the River, or carried them down in their Battoes, we have not
yet learnt. A Boy, twelve Years old, w'ho has been their Prisoner two
Years, and who escaped the second Instant, tells us, they had carried
a prodigious Quantity of Wood into the Fort; that they had burnt five
of the Prisoners they took at Major Grant’s Defeat, on the Parade, and
delivered others to the Indians, who were tomahawked on the Spot. We
28 November 1758
613
have found Numbers of dead Bodies, within a Quarter of a Mile of the
Fort, unburied, so many Monuments of French Humanity. A great
many Indians, mostly Delawares, gathered together on the Island^ last
Night and this Morning, to treat with the General, and we are making
Rafts to bring them over. Whether the General will think of repairing
the Ruins, or leaving any of the Troops here, I have not yet heard. Mr.
Beatie^ is appointed to preace a Thanksgiving Sermon for the remark-
able Superiority of His Majesty’s Arms. We left all our Tents at Loyal-
hanning, and every Conveniency, except a Blanket and Knapsack.”
[no signature]
’■ Author unknown,
° C}'lindrical wickerwork constructed from stakes or green twigs, and filled with earth,
^ Smoky Island was a favorite gathering place for the Indians. It lay directly opposite
the fort, a few yards from the north bank of the Allegheny.
^Charles Clinton Beatty fc. 1715-1772), a prominent Presbyterian clergyman who
served as chaplain with the Pennsylvania Regiment during Forbes’ campaign.
LETTER FROM GENERAL FORBES’ ARMY
[Pennsylvania Gazette, Dec. 14, 1758]
“Pittsburgh (formerly Fort Duquesne) Nov. 28, 1758.
Sir,
T HAVE the Pleasure to write this Letter upon the Spot where Fort
Duquesne once stood, while the British Flag flies over the Debris of its
Bastions in Triumph.
Blessed be God, the long look’d for Day is arrived, that has now fixed
us on the Banks of the Ohio with great Propriety called Belle Riviere,
in the quiet and peaceable Possession of the finest and most fertile
Country of America, lying in the happiest Climate in the Universe. This
valuable Acquisiton lays open to all his Majesty’s Subjects a Vein of
Treasure, which, if rightly managed, may prove richer than the Mines
of Mexico, the Trade with the numerous Nations of Western Indians:
It deprives our Enemies of the Benefits they expected from their deep
laid Schemes, and breaks asunder the Chain of Communication betwdxt
Canada and Louisiana, a Chain that threatened this Continent with Slav-
ery, and therefore the chief Favourite and Mistress of the French Court.
These Advantages have been procured for us by the Prudence and
Abilities of General Forbes, without Stroke of Sword, tho’ had they been
purchased at the Price of much Blood and Treasure, every Lover of his
Country must have allow-ed that they would have been cheaply bought.
The Difficulties he had to struggle with were great. To maintain Ar-
mies in a Wilderness, Hundreds of Lilies from the Settlements; to march
them by untrodden Paths, over almost impassable IMountains, thro’ thick
614
28 November 1758
Woods and dangerous Defiles, required both Foresight and Experience,
especially if you consider the Efforts of an active Enemy, frequently
attempting to cut off our Convoys; consider also his long and dangerous
Sickness, under which a Man of less Spirits must have sunk; and the
advanced Season, which would have deterred a less determined Leader,
and think that he has surmounted all these Difficulties, that he has con-
quered all this Country, has driven the French from the Ohio, and obliged
them to blow up their Fort (when we were within a few Miles of it we
heard the Explosion) he has now reconciled the several Nations of Indians
at War with us, and with one another, regained our lost Interest among
them, and fixed it on so firm a Foundation, as not again to be shaken;
so that our Back Settlements, instead of being frightful Fields of Blood,
will once more smile with Peace and Plenty. These Things have rendered
him the Delight of the Armjq and must endear him to the Provinces.
All his Motions were narrowly watched by the Enemy, who, finding
that he not only proceeded with Care and Circumspection, but with
inflexible Steadiness, and that they could neither face him in the Field,
retard his March, nor resist him in their Fort, retired to their Batteaus,
and fell down the River, we hear, to a Fort,- built two or three Years
ago, near the Junction of the Ohio with the Cherokee River,® where their
united Stream falls into the Missisippi, Eight Hundred Miles from hence.
d'he Twenty-sixth of this Month was observed, by the General’s Orders,^
as a Day of publick Thanksgiving to Almight}' God for our Success; the
Day after we had a grand feu de Joye, and To-day a great Detachment
goes to Braddock’s Field of Battle, to bury the Bones of our slaughtered
Countrymen, many of whom were butchered in cold Blood by (those
crueller than Savages) the French, who, to the eternal Shame and Infamy
of their Country, have left them lying above Ground ever since. The
unburied Bodies of those killed since, and strewed round this Fort, equally
reproach them, and proclaim loudbq to all ci\ iliz^d Nations, their
Barbarity.
Thanks to Heaven, their Reign on this Continent promises no long
Duration! especially if Mr. Pitt be preserved, whose great Soul animates
all our Measures, infuses new Courage into our Soldiers and Sailors, and
inspires our Generals and Admirals with the most commendable Conduct.”
[no signature]
^ Author unknown.
"Fort Massiac, or Massac, in the Illinois country, was built by the French, near the
mouth of the Ohio. Capt. de Ligneris and his troops retreated to Fort Machault,
the present site of Franklin. However, the Marquis de Vaudreuil, in a letter to the
Minister of France, Jan. 20, 1759 (Arch. Nat., C” .A 104, f. 13), stated that de
Lignery “had the cannon and munitions of war put in bateaux which he sent to
the Illinois .... He also sent to the Illinois the prisoners who were in his possession.”
“This is now known as the Tennessee River.
* Not found.
29 November 175S
615
D'' Sir
WASHINGTON TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21641, f. 60, A. L. S.]
[November 29, 1758]
It has been represented to the Gen^ that it will be very inconvenient
for the Virginia Troops to March along Gen' Braddocks Road as their
necessaries of every kind are at Loyal hannan /Men as well as Officer’s,'
and that the advantages proposd in pursuing the old Road; viz that of
opening [3'^® Road]t it, are very trivial; as this can always be done faster
than a Body of Men can March /a little repair being wanted onljV the
General from these considerations seems now Inclind to Order us down
b}' Lot^al hannon.
I thought it expedient to inform you of this being
Sir
Y*' Most Obedl Serv*
29th Xov^ 1758
G° Washington
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Col. Washington 29*'' Novt
[Addressed] To ColL Bouquet
+ Stricken out.
LANDER TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 257, A. L. S.]
[Fort Duquesne, Nov. 30, 1758]
Sir/
The Campaign being near over, I take the Liberty of Applying to you,
(Who I am sensible are always ready to asist the distress’d and to make
two Persons happy who at present are extreamlj" Miserable) for your
Interest in Obtaining me leave to sell out of the Army; the Price I ask
for my Company, being little more than what I paid for m\" Lieutenancy,
\mur Compliance with mj^ request, will greatU add to the many Obliga-
tions I am under to vou.
I am Sir
Your Most Obed- Hum^'® Serv°*
Fran? Lander
Fort Du Quesne Nov'' 30*’' 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap* Lander Nov? the 30”'
DECEMBER, 1758
1 General Forbes and Colonel Bouquet establish winter garrison at
Fort Pitt under command of Colonel Hugh Mercer.
4 General Forbes leaves Fort Pitt, to return to Philadelphia.
Colonel Bouquet holds conference with Delawares, at Fort Pitt.
9 Colonel Washington returns to Winchester to resign his commission.
12 General Amherst arrives in New York to take formal command of
the British army.
Colonel Bouquet at Fort Ligonier (Loyalhanna), enroute to Fort
Bedford.
17 Colonel Hugh Mercer arrives at Fort Pitt to take command.
23 Rumors reach Fort Pitt of impending French attack on Fort Pitt
and Fort Ligonier.
25 Colonel Armstrong dispatches troops quartered at Fort Bedford to
Carlisle.
26 Colonel Bouquet sends instructions to Colonel Hugh Mercer for
defense of Fort Pitt.
Convoy leaves Fort Ligonier, enroute to Fort Pitt with provisions.
General Forbes orders two hundred British and provincial troops to
reinforce Fort Pitt.
28 General Forbes and escort reach Tomahawk Camp, enroute to Fort
Bedford.
General Forbes dispatches orders to Colonel Armstrong to recall
troops to Fort Bedford.
30 General Forbes and escort arrive at Fort Bedford, enroute to Phila-
delphia.
31 Colonel Bouquet, at Fort Ligonier, prepares to set out for Fort
Bedford.
616
1 December 1758
617
DECEMBER
BOUQUET TO BURD
[A. P. S., Burd — Shippen Papers, f. 58, A. L. S.]
Late Fort Duquesne l-*^ December 1758 now Pittsborough
Dear Sir
I was So busy all this time that I had no time to write you but desired
Major Shippen^ to let you know that no officer belonging to the first and
Second Batt. of Pensilvania is to go further than Loyal Hannon, without
the General’s positive orders.
Cap- Tomson^ is not to proceed any further untill he receives the Gen-
eral’s Comands. I have reason to complain of him, as he has not com-
plied w^** any of the Directions he had from me relating to the delivery of
his Saddles & accoutrements to the King’s Comissary Mt Wood,® nor
delivered his Horses regularly to Cap5 Hambright. The General will
make him answerable for everything that he cannot account for as Pistols,
I do not know whose he has taken that his Troop was broken; His new
Levies were not the whole of his Troop and it is far from being determined
whether Staying here or going down those Troops will be broken as they
are in the Pay of the Provinces. They have alone the right to continue
or dissolve them. I beg you will tell all this to Cap* Tompson, and desire
him to recollect where he has lefft all the horses. Sc accoutrements he has
received, as he is to be accountable for them.
I hope that we Shall go down immediatly The first Convoy of flour
and Bullocks are not this moment come in. I am afraid for the rest as
the Weather Seems to look very bad
I am entirely
Dt S^
Your most obed* hble servant
H. Bouquet
[£ndorsed] Henry Bouquet 1758
[Addressed] To
Colonel Burd.
Commanding at Loyal Hannon Now Fort Ligonier
' Major Joseph Shippen.
“ Capt. William Thompson, commissioned, May, 1758, in the Troop of Light Horse,
first battalion of the Pennstdvania Regiment.
® Simon Draper Wood, Philadelphia.
618
2 December 1758
BOUQUET TO STEPHEN
[Fort Duquesne, Dec. 1, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Stephen in his to Bouquet, December 2. There is
no indication as to the contents of the letter.
STEPHEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. M.SS. 21643, f. 258, A. L. S.]
[December 2, 1758]
Sir,
I wrote^ you yesterda}' not hearing that I was like to be Appointed
for the Command at Pitsburg.
Col Mercer- & I have wrote® to the Gen? I hope you will Coinceed w‘
our Sentiments, I am with the greatest Respect,
Your most Ob^ hu*^' Ser-
Adam Stephen
Dec^ 2'! 1758
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] L* Col. Stephens 2^ December 1758
[Addressed] To Col Bouquet
^ Not found.
■ Col. Hugh Mercer.
° Not found.
BOUQUET TO THE DUKE OF PORTLAND^
[B. M., .Add. MSS. 21652, f. 73, A. Df. S.]*
Fort Du Quesne 3^ of December 1758
My Lord Due
Je prens la liberte de vous informer de la reduction de cette Place, que
[Parmee]t les Troupes du Ro}^ Sous les ordres du Brigadier General
Forbes, ont force les Ennemis d’abandonner le 25? Novt apres I’avoir
reduite en Cendres, et fait sauter les Fortifications.
Us en ont defendu I'aproche pendant toute la Campagne avec la plus
grande [obstination]t Opiniatrete, Les obstacles que nous avions a sur-
monter etoient immenses, 200 miles d’un Pays desert et inconnu a tra-
verser, obliges d’y [couper notre Chemin]t ouvrir une Route au travers
des Bois, des montagnes et de Marais; de batir des forts Sur notre marche
pour la Surete de nos Convoys, ayant en tete un Ennemy actif, entrepre-
nant, enfle de Ses Succes Precedens, et Superieur dans cette Espece de
+ Stricken out.
3 December 1758
619
guerre: Ce n'a ete qu’avec des Femes mfinies que I on a pu transporter
les vivres I’artillerie et les munitions; Notre petite armee [de 6000, jt
ne etoit composee de nouvelles Levees, et [la plupartjt des Provinciaux
la plupart engages au mois de Juin pour la Campagne et dont un grand
numbre n’avoit jamias vu un fusil; Malgre routes ces dilficultes nous
avons reussi,” et I’honeur est justement du au General qui par son adresse,
Sa Prudence, et Sa fermete a Sceu detacher les Indiens des Francois, as-
surer tous les postes, et surmonter tous les obstacles, de la nature, des
Ennemis, & de la La Conquete de Loui'sbourg a plus d’eclat d’une
Entrepnse si epineuse, mais les Effets de cellecy seront [plutot]t plus
immediatenient, et plus vivement Sentis; Chaque Annee des milliers
d’habitans etoient massacres dans leurs Lits, ou enleves du Sein de leur
famille par les sauvages que les Erangois envoyoient continuellem* dans
nos Colonies, Les Prisoniers etoient reduits, au plus trlste Esclavage ou
exposes a des [Tourmansft qui font horreur.
Nous Sommes reduits nous memes a tine facheuse Scituation; a 300
miles de Philad*^' [Sans habits]t campant Sans Tentes, ni Bagage et man-
quant dLabit dans un frold excessif, le Th. a 16° et ne subsistant qu’avec
la plus grande difficulte, mais les Troupes Souffrent Sans murmtire,
charmees d’avoir detruit ce nid de Corsaires qui a coute tant de Sang.
Bentinck® a fait cette [rude? ]t Campagne, ou de 9 officiers du R. A. R.
4 ont ete tues, & 2 fairs Prisoniers. J’ay ete fort Content de luy, et
Souhaiterois de lui voir une Comp° Elies Sont a bon marche a present,
mais la guerre dans ce Pays est un metier si rude qu’il Seroit beaticoup
plus avantageux pour luy. Si par votre Protection, il pouvoit en obtenir
une en Angleterre.
Je Serois charme de pouvoir contribuer a son avancement, et de recevoir
la dessus les ordres de Votre Grandeur.
Je Siiis avec le plus profond Respect
Aly Lord Duke
Votre tres Humble, et tres obeissant Serviteur
Henry BouqueH
t Stricken out.
620
3 December 1758
[TRANSLATION]
Fort DuQuesne, 3cl. of December, 1758.
My Lord Duke,
I take the libertj' to inform you of the reduction of this place, which
the King’s troops under the command of Brigadier General Forbes forced
the enemy to abandon on November 25th, after they had reduced it to
ashes and blown up the fortifications.
They resisted our advance during the whole campaign with the greatest
stubbornness, lire obstacles which we had to surmount w'ere immense,
200 miles of wild and unknown country to cross; obliged to open a road
through woods, mountains, and swamps; to build forts along our lines
of march for the security of our convoys; with an active and enterprising
enemy in front of us, elated by his previous successes, and superior in this
type of war. It was only with infinite trouble that we were able to trans-
port provisions, artillery, and munitions. Our little army was composed
of new recruits and provincials, most of them engaged in the month of
June for the campaign, and a great number of whom had never seen a
musket. In spite of all these difficulties, we have succeeded, and the
honor is justly due to the General, who, by his adroitness, prudence, and
resolution, was able to detach the Indians from the French, to strengthen
all the posts and to surmount all the obstacles, created by the enemy,
and by the [. . .] /The conquest of Louisbourg was more spectacular than
such a difficult enterprise, but the effects of this will be sooner and more
keenly felt. Every year, thousands of settlers had been massacred in their
beds, or torn from the bosoms of their families by the savages whom the
French sent continually into our colonies. The prisoners were reduced to
the most abject slavery or subjected to tortures which inspire horror.
We are ourselves reduced to a sad state of affairs, camping 300 miles
from Philadelphia, with neither tents nor baggage, and in need of clothing,
with the weather bitter cold (the thermometer at 16°), and getting sup-
plies only with the greatest difficulty; but the troops are suffering without
a murmur, delighted that they have destroyed this nest of pirates, who
have cost so much blood.
Bentinck^ has made this campaign, in which 4 of the 9 officers of the
R. A. R. have been killed, and 2 made prisoners. I was very pleased
with him, and should like to see him have a company. They are very
cheap at present, but the war in this countr}^ is such a difficult profession
that it would be much more advantageous for him, if through your pro-
tection he could obtain one in England.
I should be delighted if I could contribute to his advancement, and to
receive Your Grace’s orders concerning it.
Indian Conferences
621
I am, with the deepest respect,
My Lord Duke,
Your most humble and most obedient servant,
Henry Bouquet^
• Original not found.
^William Henry Cavendish Bentinck (1738-1809), Third Duke of Portland and twice
prime minister of England. He also served as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland for a time.
° From this point on, five lines are either crossed out, or made up of broken and
meaningless phrases. The continuation of the sentence is found in a footnote in the
original draft.
® Lieut. Rudolph Bentinck was related to the Duke of Portland. About this time he
wrote several letters importuning the Duke to assist him in obtaining a company.
These letters are now in possession of the present Duke of Portland.
‘ Signature in original marked out with four oblique lines.
BOUQUET: CONFERENCE WITH THE DELAWARE INDIANS
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21655, f. 19, D.]*
A Conference held by Colon^ Bouquet with the Chiefs of the Delaware
Indians at Pittsburgh December 4^** 1758
Present
Colonel Armstrong, and Several officers,
George Croghan Esq!" Deputy Agent to S?" William
Johnson, Captain Henry Montour^ Interpreter.
Brethren,
The General waited here several Days with the Army expecting to
have seen You but as he was very unwell he was obliged to set off with-
out having the pleasure to see you, but has left me who is next in Com-
mand to receive you and communicate to you what he intended to have
said. I bid you heartily Wellcome and assure you I am glad to have the
pleasure of seeing you here.
A String.
Brethren,
I return you hearty Thanks for the Speech you made to M?' Croghan on
Account of our People who are Prisoners amongst you and those Nations
in Friendship with you, it is confirming me in that good Opinion I form’d
of you. And I make no doubt but you will perform your Promise.
A String.
Brethren,
We are not come here to take Possession of y^ hunting Country in a
hostile Manner, as the French did when they came amongst you, but
622
Indian Conferences
to open a large and extensive Trade with you and all the other Nations
of Indians to the Westward who chase to live in friendship with us. You
are sensible we are at War with the French and cant send Traders
amongst you, as we formerly did, to be robbed and plunder’d by the
Enemy as our Traders formerly were to y^^ knowledge, for which Reason
the General has left here Two hundred Men in Order to protect our
Traders, and I can assure you that as soon as Goods can be brought up
you will see a large Trade open’d for You and all other Nations in Alliance
with you, and you may depend on it, your Brethren the English are not
only the most powerfull People on this Continent, but the most wealthy
and best inclin’d to serve you in every Necessary you want and on the
cheapest Terms, therefore the General expects, as you tender the Friend-
ship of your Brethren the English, that you will treat those Men he
leaves here as Your Brethren and support them if in Case the Enemy can
do Nothing in Your Country without your knowledge he expects you
wdl give the Commanding Officer Notice from time to time of the Enemies
Motions or what they are doing.
A String.
Brethren,
The General has charged me as he marched away his Army out of
your hunting Country, to recomend it strongly to you to send the French
away out of your Country, as they are a restless & mischievous People
and the Disturbers of your Peace, this is in your Power and convincing
of your Sincerity towards us; You are sensible that while they have Forts
in j'otir Country, the}^' will find Means to get Indians to commit Hostilities
on his Majesty’s Subjects w?^ will impead that Peace so hapily concluded
between you and us. This I must recommend to your serious Considera-
tion, and I expect my Request will be comply’d with; Your sending them
out of y^ Country and obliging them to destroy their little Forts, will be
establishing an everlasting Peace between you and us.
A String.
Brethren,
The General has desired me to recommend it to you to send to the
several Nations to the West and make known to them the Peace now so
happily concluded and Invite Deputies from each Nation to come with
You to Philadelphia to meet him and the Governors of the several
Provinces this Winter, where every thing that has been transacted may
be ratified and confirmed, and the Prices of Goods fixed on to your Satis-
faction. The General expects you will make all the Dispatch you can
to meet him in Philadelphia, as he is to go to the Great King of England
earlv in the Spring. Provisions will be laid on the Road for you.
A String.
Indian Conferences
623
Brethren,
When we set out on this Journey we came as Warriors, We brought out
no Goods, but as this is your hunting Season, I present you with some
Powder and Lead such as Warriors carry and desire your Acceptance
thereof to kill jmu some Meat for your Families.
December 5^'* 1758.
The Chiefs of the Delaware Indians made the following Answer to
Colonel Bouquet.
The Beaver Speaker.
Brother,
We excuse the General for not waiting to see Us, as he was so very un-
well, and we return you Thanks for your kind Reception You have given
Us and the good Speeches you made us Yesterday, and assure you that
everj^ thing you have said to Us, is very agreable and well received by our
Council.
You return’d us Thanks for the Speech We made Croghan in which
we engaged to deliver up your Prisoners;
Brother, We once More assure you that you shall see Flesh and
Blood again, w?*" is in our Towns and that we will use our Interest with
all other Nations to get your People from ’em likewise.
Brother,
You desire us to make all the Messages we have receiv’d known to
all Nations Westward of us, to acquaint them of the Treaty of Peace lately
concluded at Easton, this we assure you we will do immediately, and
believe it will be very agreable News to them.
You likewise desire us to send the French the French out of our Hunt-
ing Country, we believe it will be for our Interest, and You may depend
on it we will send them a Message to remove out of Our Country, if they
pay no Regard to that we must take such Measures as will oblige them
to remove.
Four Strings of Wampum.
Brothers,
When the Messengers from Pennsylvania with Our Uncles the Six
Nations had deliver’d the Messages from the General and the Governor
we gave it for our Opinion, that when the Gen^ had drove the French
away out of Our Country, then to come and build a Trading House here.
But Brother, as you tell us the General has left Two hundred Men here
to support and defend the Traders you wnll send to Trade with us. We
assure you it is agreable to us and We will give them all the Assistance
we can, and give them the earliest Notice of any Body of the Enemj^
moving this way, As No Body can come across our Country without our
624
Indian Conferences
Knowledge. But Brother, we cannot of ourselves engage to protect them
till tve speak with the Nations in Alliance with Us, but will do what is
in Our Power, and as the Enemy is not 3^et far off and may have some
Indians with them. We recommend it to you that None of your People
straggle out m the Woods as a few' Indians may come here and take a
Scalp w'ithout our Knowledge; to confirm 5'ou what we have told you
We give You
Four Strings of Wampum.
We w'ill immediatelv go and call a Council w'ith the Western Nations
and as soon as w'e return we will send Messengers to acquaint the General
w'hat time We can meet him with Deputies from each Nation, in
Philadelphia.
[Endorsed] Colon' Bouquet’s Conference- w'-** the Delaware Chiefs held
at Pitsburgh the d*'' Dec'' 1758 w"' their Answer. 5-'‘ Dec''
* There is a copy in H. S. P., Penn Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. Ill, f. 67.
Andrew Montour.
" Compare with following report made bj' the Delaware chief Casteogain, or Custaloga,
whose principal residence was at Custaloga’s town on French Creek, about twelve
miles above its mouth. This report is printed in Wilderness Chronicles of Pennsyl-
vania, Pennsylvania Historical Commission, Harrisburg, 1941.
“[January 4, 1759]
Enclosed in M. de Vaudreuil’s
letter of February 15, 1759.
Report made to M. de Ligneris, commander at Fort Machault on the Riviere au
Boeuf, January 4, 1759, bj^ Casteogain. chief of the Loups on the said river, on his
return from among the English with his brother:
The English deputies who arrived at Kachekacheke wanted what they said to be
kept from the knowledge of the French. I was opposed to this contention, and
M. de Montisambert was a witness to all that was said. I suppose, my father, that
he has reported it to you.
From Kachekacheke, we were summoned to the forks by an English deputy, who
told us he had been sent by the General to come and seek us. Forty of us went.
Upon our arrival, we were saluted by a volley of artillery and musketry, A Loup of
the mountains brought us an ox, some flour, and a barrel of whiskey in a boat, for
lack of other conveyance. As it was already late, we did not want to cross the river
until the next day. We w'ere afraid; we only sent Naple, a Loup chief, and another,
who told us on their return that they had been very well received, and that the
commander asked for at least seven or eight of the principal men. Seven of us
crossed the next day, myself, the Beaver, his father, Nenatchikent, KikihSskSnt,
etc. We were received at the water’s edge by an officer who spoke our language.
“I thank God, my brother,” he said to us, “for the pleasure I have today, that I
can shake your hand. I have no English spirit at all. I am proud. Scarcely do I
dare look at you above the shoulder. I admit that I have deceived and mistreated
you. God has chastised me with the scourge of war, as a fat'her chastises his child
to correct him. I admit and confess my fault, and I promise that hereafter I will
behave in such a different manner that I will no longer be recognizable; like a new
born child. I am going to lead a completely new life.” Tears came to his eyes as he
spoke.
Indian Conferences
625
From there we were taken to the commander's house; officers marched before us
to keep back the crowd. A numerous guard was at his door. We found a fine man
who, after the most agreeable of receptions, remained standing as he spoke to us.
He was attended by a number of savages, Ganastogues, Goyogouins, Onnoyotes,
Amentis Loups from Grange, and Loups from the mountains, with several chiefs
among them.
“General Forbus,’’ he said to us “awaited you for six days. He left yesterday
because of illness, but he has told me to act as if he were here himself.
“I should have been delighted if you had been accompanied bt' some Frenchmen
who could witness everything I will tell you — because I have nothing but good to
tell you.
“We are sent by the King of England to make an alliance with you, as a result of
which we and you, our women and our children, may live without alarms; and to
make the French retreat from Fort Duquesne. We do not tell you, or any other
savage, to come on our side. The King himself, in case of success, forbids us to
cross to the other side of the river, and orders us even to come away from it; so,
do not be afraid. We were not the cause of the war. It will not depend on us if
it does not finish sooner. It is unreasonable that we have come to stain your lands
with blood. That’s all right in our country in Europe and on the sea, but we should
have respected your lands. You know that we are not the first ones who have
attacked jmu, and that you reduced us to the unhappy necessity' of defending our-
selves from your raids.
“You all tell me, Loups as well as Iroquois, to withdraw. You see that I am doing
so. If part of my force remains, it is only to see what course your father will take.
If he retreats in entirety, I will do as much.
“Your father tells jmu that I want to seize your lands, transporting families to
settle on them. I have already told you I was going to be quite different from
what you have seen and experienced in me up to the present. I shall limit myself,
then, if you think it suitable, to having a trading house here without a stockade,
in order to be able to trade with you. That will not prevent you from carrying
your furs farther, if you so desire. I am doing this only to spare you and the dis-
tant tribes the trouble. I do not even claim to have this privilege to the exclusion
of your father; I shall be delighted to be door to door with him: and you will be
free to buy of whomever seems good to you, as the custom was heretofore. There
will be two trusttvorthy officers, who will watch that the traders and you do not
deceive each other. One will look after traders’ interests, and the other after the
interests of the savages. You will have scales to see if you are deceived in weighing,
and goods will be sold at the price we sell them to each other among us. I am
making you a road by which we can visit each other. You can walk on it in com-
plete security with no other arms than your tobacco pouch and your pipe, and with
no provisions; for I have taken care to establish posts from place to place to supply
you.
“These savages whom you see are deputies from thirteen different tribes — namely,
eight Iroquois tribes, Loups from Orange, Loups from the mountains, Yeux Blancs, and
Amentis, etc. I am telling you nothing but what I have discussed with them, and
they have approved.
“I hope that you will speed my proposals among all the tribes. I am going to
stop all acts of hostility until peace is concluded. If in the interval any tribe comes
to attack me, I shall think that they have not yet been informed of my proposal,
and that will not prevent them from being included, if they think it wise, in the
treaty of general peace. As for the Catabas, if they do not wish to make peace, I will
give them neither powder nor shot, and you will be in a position to destroy them.
“Speak to your father, and induce him to give way to the plans we have for the
common good. Love your father, but do not look at us in a different way. We are
both of the same color; he loves you, without doubt, and we love j'ou. He treats you
626
Indian Conferences
well and we do, too. Let him be of good heart, and you will see which will yield to
the other in good manners and in benefits. Perhaps he will come to attack me. If
he comes to attack, watch us fight. We have no such intention, ourselves. It will be
so much the worse for the one who gives the blows. If before the end of the coming
campaign he wins three victories over me, and destroys ten thousand men in each
victory, I will be defeated.
“As for me, I will not go to attack him unless you savages tell me to do it.
“If there is still anything to do for the conclusion of peace that I have inad-
vertently forgotten, tell me about it and I will do it.
“I do not speak to you about the English prisoners you have adopted as your
relatives and incorporated in your families. I only hope that, when peace is made,
you will be willing to return those of advanced age, who would be in the way, or
of very little use to you. As for the young children, who are pretty and able to
serve you, I will not be angry if they stay among you.”
The Englishman gave eight large belts, entrusted with clasped hands and peace
pipes. Two of these belts are linked together; and say, one, that all the whites,
French and English, ought not to be distinguished; and the other, that all the blacks
of whatever tribe and language they may be, [should be linked together.]
The Coakers sent their belts, but the letter containing their speech was lost.
The Englishman also gave ten medals struck in Europe, on which a white man and
a black man are shown clasping hands.
Finally, during the four days we were among them, we did not hear a single word
which did not tend toward good.
Speeches of the Iroquois to the Loups in the presence of the English:
“My nephews, I am wiping dry your body which is covered with blood; I am
cleansing your mat; I am removing all the evil from your heart; I am opening i'our
eyes and clearing your ears so that you may see the sun and hear what I am going
to tell you.
“My nephews, I formerly had ten fires; I have now only eight. I announce to you
that I made peace with the English not long ago, but from today I clasp his hand.
You know I am great. You know that I had made you women; I make you men.
You must, therefore, listen to me and make peace as I do. The speeches we say
to you, repeat them to the Chavenons, yout little children, and to the Hurons. It was
your chiefs who sent us to bear this belt to you. After you have sent our speeches
to the Hurons, they will transmit them to more distant tribes.”
The Iroquois by another belt told them:
“My nephews, I see you are always on the point of starting to move farther off.
I ask you to remain where you are, and not abandon your village. As for you who
are at the forks, which has always been our warpath and always will be, you are
too near the river. Move away to Cachekacheki; this spring, I will give you other
speeches. Take courage, my nephews, speak to your father: you are near him.”
The Loups replied that they accepted all the proposals, both of the English and
of the Iroquois; but they told the latter to speak to their father Onnontio themselves.
Signed; De Ligneris
For Copy: V,\udreuil
P. S.
Casteogain added that some Chavenons came to the forks, and told the Loups
that they were disposed to do as they did, and that they would always adhere to
their opinions.”
627
D' Sir
4 December 1758
FORBES TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 201, A. L. S.]*
Bouquet Camp^ Dec^ 4^^^ [1758] 7 at night.
After a very long march wee gott here at six this evening, so you may
well allow the 12 miles were at least sixteen.
Wee mett with the provisions and I have orderd three days to be
taken here and the rest of the Cattle are to proceed with all diligence to
you. But as I thought that Halkett or S* clair- would probably know the
Number of troops that you had orderd to march us this day and to mor-
row, but finding them both ignorant, I desired they would settle the
Affair with Hoops’s Commissary® and to write you a Circumstantiall Ac-
count of what they do, So by the remainder you may judge what will be
wanting for the Garrison, which must absolutely be left let the Difficultys
and expence of providing for them cost what it pleases.
I send 3’ou a Curious performance'* of two noble personages that I re-
ceivd this Afternoon. I shall take no more notice of their letter, untill they
find their names and orders in the Brigade majors Books for I find some
people can bear no sort of Indulgence; by what they forgett themselves,
and run into intollerable impertenence.
I hope with your address,® you will soon gett quitt of the Indians as I
really pity you as much as I detest them. However hope you will be able
to make them easy, wdth regard to our just and Hon'® Intentions towards
them
I am My D'' S’’’
Y"" Most devoted &c &:c
Jo Forbes
Keep the enclosed untill you can send it me.
If you gott any money from Barrow' for the Garrison of Pittsburgh, be
Cautious how it is given, least wee are really putt to the necessity of re-
calling them. In which case any advance w'ould be lost.
I think a great part of the under growth shrubby bushes ought to be
burnt after the march of the Artillery, but do on that as you please
yrs j F
* Printed in Jame.t, Writings of General John Forbes. 270.
^ See Forbes to Bouquet, November 22, footnote 3.
° Sir John St. Clair.
’ Capt. Robert Boyd.
^ There seem to be no other references to this, or to the “two noble personages.” The
lapse of time is considerable, but Bouquet does mention an unpleasant state of
affairs, in his letter to Forbes, October 28, which see.
^ Bouquet held a conference with the Delaware Indians at Pittsburgh, December 4.
See Minutes, p. 621.
628
8 December 1758
Sir
BULLITT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 260, A. L. S.]
Raystown Dec? 8?** 1758.
As I had not Cash when I parted with you to remit that Sum you was
so Kind as to Lend me have Inclosd it to You Like wise Ten ShilL for
Mt Bassitt^ Ingineer. please [Let him havjt to Give it him pray Excuse
Shortness as also Incorrectness as I am In a hurry & Half Frozen.
I am D"' Sir with the Greatest Cmcerity & Respect
your most Obed‘ Humble Serv*^
Tno'" Bullitt
[Endorsed in Bouquet's handivriting\ Cap* Bullet 10 Sh. due to IV'U
Basset
t Stricken out.
‘Possibly Lieut. Thomas Basset, altliough he was reported to be dying on October 8.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Fort Ligonier, c. Dec. 12, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Ourr}' in his to Bouquet, December 16. The let-
ter contained instructions iur clothing of the trooiis, and for setting up pack-horse and
wagon accounts.
HOOPS TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 261, L. S.l
Fort Bediord the 14th; of Dec^' 1758
Sir/
Inclosed is a small DetaiP of the Usage I have Received here from the
first Virginia P^^egimf which I request you’ll be so kind as to lay before
his Excellency. I intended to stay here till the General & you wou’d
anve but as I have been Confined to my Bed these three or four days
occasioned by a Cold & great Fateigues shall endeavour this day to Set
oflF towartls Carlisle & put things in Order as 1 go along. You’ll see by
the inclos’d Return- that we have plenty ol Provisions here & I soon
expect a quantity of Hoggs for the Upper Forts, but I much dread the
geting Flour carried as Numbers of our Horses are Stole & carry’d away.
I can’t yet give an exact Acc^ of the Provisions at the different Forts, but
at Fort Cumberland there is about three Months Provisions for 100 Men.
1 here still remains at Lancaster about Nine hundred Barrels of Flour.
I return you Thanks for the use of your Markee" at Fort Ligonier &
hope you Rec'’ it in good Order as I left it in charge of Cob Bind. I am
Your Honours Most Obed^ Humb’® Serv^
Ad'" Hoops
15 December 1758 629
[Endorsed in Bouquet’ s handwriting] From IVD Hoops 14‘** Dec'' 1758
[Addressed] To The Col' Henry Bouquet Esq' at Fort Ligonier
' Not found,
' Not found.
''Marquee, a large field tent, used by officers.
CLARK TO ST. CLAIR
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 43, .V. L. S.]
Carlisle Dec' 15f'’ 1758 —
D' Sir John
I beg leave to congratulate you on the Happy Event of our Tedious and
fatiguing Campaign, and on Your Safe Return from the Banks of Ohio.
Inclosed I lay before You the State^ of Provisions at and ab' Lancaster
and this Place
]\T Rutherford- from Virginia has engaged to send a Number of Hoggs
to the amf of 50.000 tb to Rays Town &c'' the one half is now ready to
be sent, the other will soon follow. They are to be drove to and slaughter'd
at such places as the General or Commanding officer directs. The Pack
Horses Business of late has not been ptosecuted with [th]t ptoper Vigor,
where the deliniency lies I cant tell, but certain it's we have passed a Series
of fine weather without forwarding much Provisions. I refer you to M'
Buchanan® & Capt" Buyers,^ for a State of Forrage Pack Horses See* I
wish the General would make a new Contract for the Supplying of the
Troops at Fort Duqtiesne, and your self for the Carriage, or the whole
under one. I am well asstird the Crown by this means [will]t would Save
an Immensity of Aloney, Se the Business will be more Effectually done Sc
with less Trouble.
I have taken Care to forward Any of Your Letters to M' Willing-'* that
I have met with. There are some Trunks of Major Halketts lies at Co-
Chamber’s & all I can do, will not prevail on any ot the waggoners to
Carry them this far. I am with the greatest Esteem Sc Respect
Your most obed*'
Sc very hble ServA
D.\niel Cl,\rk
[Endorsed] AT’ Clerc Dec' 15"' Sc Returns of Provisions.
[Addressed] lo S' John S^ Clair D Q Al' Gen' at Coll" Chambers's
t Stricken out.
^ See State of Provisions at Lancaster, December IS.
’Probably Thomas Rutherford, as his brother Robert was captain of the Virginia
Rangers.
"William Buchanan.
' Capt. John Byers.
Probably Thomas Willing.
630
15 December 1758
CLARK: STATE OF PROVISIONS AT LANCASTER
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 42, A. D. S.]
A STATE of the Provisions at and ab* Lancaster and Carlisle belonging
to the Contractors Dec^ IS*’’ 1758 —
Flour
Barr’®
Pork
Beef
in Bulk
Flour
Barrells
ft
50.000
950—
100
25.000
Daniel Clark —
Ag^ for the Contractors —
To—
S^ John S* Clair Bar^ D Q’' Mas'' Gen^
[Endorsed] M'' Clerc^ Dec'' 15-’' & Returns^ of Provisions.
' Daniel Clark.
"Enclosed with Clark's letter to St. Clair, December 15, which see.
PAINEi TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add, MSS. 21645, f. 263, A. L. S.l
Reas Town 15*’' Dect 1758.
Sir/
I must beg the favour that you'l deliver to Lieid Hubbard^ the Procla-
mation Money you have of Mine in your Care. I have waited Eight days
since the Marching of our Troops from this Place in Expectation of your
comeing down, & as I find it will be some time yet before [that wil!]t you
will be here, & Major Waddell will be obliged to detain the Troops at
Winchester till I joyn him, [as]t I have? the Money that is to bear the
Expences of our March to Carolina, I can’t Possibley stay any Longer but
must wait at Winchester for M? Hubbard I am with Great Respect.
Sir
Your Most Obd5 Servant
John Paine
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Cap5 Payne IS*** Xber
[Addressed] To ColP Henry Bouquett
I" Stricken out.
' Probably Capt. John Paine of the North Carolina troops.
‘Lieut Edward Hubbard, of the Virginians.
631
16 December 1758
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 267, A. L. S.]
Dear Coll:
Ra}^s Town 16*'' Decemb'' 1758.
The Generals Illness, and your Stay on that Acc* is a great Mortifyca-
tion to me at this place, where too much disorder respecting the Stealling
& Carrying off of Horses and Sundry Other things is so prevalent: I can-
not give One instance without giving you an hundred which wou’d be too
troublesome. When I came here (expecting the General next Night) I
intended Acting only as a Passenger, but in the Course of a few days
some Occurences wherein the troops were complexly concern’d has Occa-
sion’d me to take the measures common in the Army, by which means it
has been Suggested to me that Provincial Rank is now at an an end & con-
sequently I shou’d not exert any Authority among the Kings Troops,
this matter I have treated with mildness and no heat has yet arose, nor
is any thing publickly Spoke, on the Subject of Rank, that I know of;
not withstanding that no error may be committed, I beg your Opinion,
and the Generals Orders if thought necessary, please to make the Gen-
eral my Compliments, I shou’d have wrote him, but his weak State at
present forbids any trouble that can be avoided.
I am dear Sir,
your Most Obed* Humb^ Serv*
Jo” Armstrong
P: S: I have Said nothing to you of the inconveniency of the Troops
Lying here at this Season, their falling Sick looking every day for the
coming of the General, or his Orders on that Subject. Some parties of the
Highlanders, and One of the Royal Americans are gone down, of the lat-
tere AT Ourry has WTote^ you.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Armstrong Dec” 1758
" e Ourn," to Bouquet, December 16.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., .\dd. M.SS. 21642. f. 25, A. L. S.]
Fort Bedford, Dec” y” 16*'’ 1758.
Dear Col'
Yesterday your Baggage arrived here on five Horses (one having tired,
& been left by the Way) I immediatel}^ treated them as friends, & shall
keep them here ’till I have the pleasure of Seeing you. As I have been in
632
16 December 1758
possession of the Gen'* Hut evei' since I came here, where I have en-
deavourd to shew Hospitalhty to all Passengers, I hope you will allow
me a little Corner in it while you Stay here. I have put up M'' Bentincks
Field Bed in the warmest Place for you, and have lodged your Servants
in a Hurt within the Breast Work, where they can Conveniently guard
your Baggage & attend 5mur Horses.
I shall give due attention to the Several Articles of your Letter.-' I have
wrote to AP' Hugh Wallace, to direct the Cloathing to the Care of M!"
Joshua Howell to whom I have wrote also, desiring him to Store it in my
absence.
I am afraid the Settling of the Waggon, & Pack horse Accompts will be
a tedious Work. But, the Business of the Battallion I shall never lose
Sight of; particularly whilst under the Com^' of Col' Bouquet
Ens" Blane- is gone down to Carlisle with 32 Sick Royal Americans, to
keep them m Order, & provide for them or any others that might be
order'd down, and to receive &: take care of what Baggage or Stores may
be sent thither
The 300 Pack horses which Cap* M'- Pherson® went down to raise are
Compleated and all on the Road with Flour & Forrage.
Je langtiis beaticotip de vous voir icy, oil les plus grandes irregularites
ne se commetent pas par les irregulars. Personne ne Se Soucie de prendre
la Plume pour vous ecrire, mais on S'addresse a moi de part et d’autre.
je croi cependant que je perstiaderes le Col' Armstrong de vous envoyer
deux Mots
J’ay I’honeur d’etre avec Respect
Monsieur
Votre tres humble et tres Obeissant Service'*
L* OURRY
[Addressed] On His Majesty's Service To Col' Bouquet at Fort Ligonier
[Endorsed] Lieut Ourry 16*'* Dec^ 1758
’^Not found.
^ Ens. Archibald Blane.
* Probably Capt. Robert McPherson.
“I long very much to see j'ou here, where the greatest irregularities are not com-
mitted by the irregulars. No one bothers to take a pen to write you, but people
look to me for everything.
I believe, however, that I might persuade Colonel Armstrong to send you a few
words.
I have the honor to be with respect, Sir, Your most humble and most obedient
servant.”
16 December 1758
633
TULLEKEN TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 2164S, f. 265, A. L. S.l
New York 16 December 1758.
Dear Sir.
I am greatly obliged to you for your kind favour^ of the 25”' last Month
from Fort Du Quesne. It afforded me great satisfaction in many respects,
but to find that you yourself was well give me more pleasure than all
the rest; The News Occassion’d universal joy, and the Governor, Generals
Abercrombie and Amhurst, and all the Military &c See &c haveing repair’d
to the Fort here. The Guns w'ere fired, and General Forbes and all your
good healths were drenk most Cheerfully in several Bumpers; But, my
dear Sir, tho’ wee are greatly pleased, and are very happy at your success.
Yet are wee very uneas}'’ when wee think of the Season of the year and the
long March you have to make back again. And indeed your friends cant
help being sorry for Your Situation, which must be by all accounts very
dreadfull; I shall beg leave here to say a few things concerning the Bat-
talion, and shall than tell you who are here, and what as far as is in my
power people are about;
Gener* Stanwix wdio wee expect to see here every day from albany, has
sent me orders to bespeak Tents, Kettles &c &c for the Six Companies,
but as yet I have not done it, Nor do T think of doing it till I see him.
The Companies, Five of them are QuarterM at Albany, and one Capt-
Sclossers/ at Fort Miller;
AT Dow- IS made Quartermaster and is here, this I New nothing of till
it w-as done;
I shall send of to Philadelphia tomorrow- or next dav, the Cloathing
for the Four Companies. And shall send it to AT Alalcombs® so that you
may order it where you please;
Captain Alather is to recruit at Philadelphia, And has got Three Hun-
dred Pounds Sterling on that account. Lieutenant AIyer‘ is on the same
Service at Germantown, and Lieutenant Ralph'’’ at York in Pennsilvania;
I w'ould send you a Return of the Companies, but have not had one
my self latel3^ They want about one Hundred men to Compleat them;
I believe Brigad'' Stanwix has recommended Ens" Jenkins for a Lieu-
tenantcy. And I shall put him m mind of AT Blane, And the other Ensigns
w'hen he comes;
I am exceeding sorry for the great loss tmu have had in Officers, And
am unhappt’ that I have it not in mt' pow'er to send t'ou any. The loss
of Officers in our own Battalion this Campaign, is Nineteen, Kill'd,
Wounded and Dead;
634
16 December 1758
I should be glad to know if 3 0U think Serj^ Burent® deserveing of being
an Ensign, As I would do what I coul’d for him with Brigad'" Stanwix;
Captain Stewart'^ is endeavering to get into the Forty Sixth Regiment,
And to sell his Company in ours. And I imagine he will succeed in it. As
both General Abercrombie and B. Stanwix are his friends, but which of
our Lieutenants are to Purchase in his room, I reall}^ do not yet know; If
Captain Stewart leaves us, I hope 3mu will think of Jocehm for the
Grenadiers;
You will find a deficientcy in 3mur Cloathing, of Four Serj^® Three
Corporals, Three Drummers and Two private mens [ coats ]t full Cloath-
ing which was taken out b}' mistake and sent to Alban3^, But I have wrote
for it. And shall send it to 3^11 by the first opportunity;
General Amhurst came here the Twelve instant, and has taken the Com-
mand. Few or none have as yet seen him, he is so much taken up in
Setling aflairs with General Abercrombie &c &c &c that as yet wee have
had no lev’y. Nor do I imagine wee Shall till the Packet sail’s; In the
mean time it is merry enough to behold the different Physognomies of the
various attendants, that are in and out of Place, some who want to Estab-
lish themselves in their employments, and others who want to be em-
ploy’d, And who are not a few; But you will easier conceive than I can
describe it, who have nothing to ask, and nothing to fear. Nor to tell 3mu
truth trouble my head much about them;
Gener^ Gage /who was married a few da3"s ago to the Dutchess of
Brunswick/® is here, he is to go to Albany to Command there. B. Stanwix
being expected down immedlatel3^. And it is thought he will go home,
Brigad'’ Prevost® is here. And I think he told me as much, as if he could
not act under General Amhurst, so that it is imagined he also will go
home. But for the present I am inform’d that M? Amhurst has no instruc-
tions, either in regard to Brigdt Stanwix or Brigdt Prevost. I think it
hard upon Brigade Prevost, that Gage should be appointed a Brigadier
from home And Mt Prevost not; wee are told here that Gen- Forbes in-
tends to ask leave to go home, how that is, 3mu most likely know better
than w'ee can;
There is but one order come out since General Amhurst arrival, which
is. That you ma3" Inlist for a Term of 3’ears, or for one 3"ear, rather than
lose a man;
I am told that Brigdt Stanwix as soon as he comes down from Albany,
intends a trip to Philadelphia and Lancaster, if so, we may probably have
the pleasure of seeing 3'ou soon. But if Not, I hope wee shall be so happy
as to see you here;
t Stricken out.
19 December 175S
635
I humbly beg my best respects to the Gentlemen with you, wishing you
all manner of happiness, I conclude myself.
Dear Sir,
Your very greatly obliged
Very obedient, and very huni’^’® Servant
In'? Tulleken
\ Endorsed in Bouquet’s hand-writing] iMajor Tutleken lb*** Dec''
' Not found.
°Capt. James Dow.
“John Malcolm, of Philadelphia.
‘Lieut. Elias Meyer.
" Lieut. James Ralfe.
“ Serg. John Burent.
’ Capt. William Stuart.
® Gen. Thomas Gage married Margaret Kemble, sister of Stephen Kemble. She was
known as a belle in social circles throughout the middle colonies, and was called
the “Duchess” by Gage’s officers.
“Col. James Prevost. His contentious disposition had placed Prevost in disfavor with
a majority of the officers with whom he served.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Fort Ligonier, Dec. 17, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Ourry in his to Bouquet, December 20. The
letter evidently contained instructions which concerned Col. Armstrong and Major .-Alex-
ander Campbell, but there is no indication as to the nature of the orders.
HUGH JiIERCER TO BOUQUET
[B. M,. Add. MSS. 2164.L f. 271, .A.. L. S.]
Pittsburgh 19‘*’ Dec'' 1758.
Dear Sir,
On my arrival here the 17*'‘ I found the works carrying on with great
expedition, the Barracks being raisd & roofed & the Bastions almost in-
closd. In a few days more the heaviest parts of our Work will be finish’d
& two new battoes fitted up agreeable to y® Contract. Such of the Horses
as remain fitt for Service I shall divide today between Waggoner^ & Ward
who will find drivers, & let the Waggoners return with their wore out
horses to morrow. By the Inclosd state- of Provisions you will see [thejt
how short we fall in the Article of Flower as well as Forage. This last I
have hopes of being supplied in by the Corn feild left Standing opposite
t Stricken out.
636
19 December 1758
to Loggs Town, 1 he messengers I sent to view it w'lll be in today but the
Flower is of much greater Consequence, Our new Allies being extreamly
sollicitous for larger supplies of it than I can Afford. They are become very
troublesome, having been indulged m too many of their extravagant De-
mands before my Arrival, And their expectations raisd too high. You
would scarcly suspect that five Cows should be given them, on a bare
promise of their bringing Venison, and frequently bottles of Rum; I find
my self much at a Loss that no Interpreter has been left here. These
Gentlemen foresaw the difficulties attending this peice of Service and so
took the first opportunity to make off. I hope no expedient will be left
untried to send us the necessary supplies, Cap* Waggener tells me the
People on the S" Branch of Potomock will be able to bring loaded Horses
here, all the Winter, and will go thro’ any difficulties to support his People,
if they meet with Proper Incouragement;
Give me leave to recomcnd M’’ Hutchins^ to your good offices, he has
the Charge of the Kings & Contractors Stores, & accts as Comissary for
both without An\’ Warrant;
I have not wrote the General, thinking it might be disagreeable in his
present indisposition, so must beg the favour of you to offer him my
Compliments, & communicate to him what may be necessary of the Above.
I am Sir
Your most obed* humble Ser^
Hugh Mercer
If a Quantit}^ of Indian Goods were got up with a proper Reason to deal
with Indians, great numbers would come over with Skins & furr; I have
been oblidged already to refuse a good many Skins, not having A Proper
Assortment, & besides that, too small Acquaintance with the Trade.
To Col. Boquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Col. Mercer W-** [Dec’']
[Addressed] On his Majesties Service To Colonel Bouquet Fort Legonier
’ Capt. Thomas Waggener.
“ Not found.
” Lieut. Thomas Hutchins.
637
20 December 1758
Sir
ALEXANDER CAMPBELL TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 273, A. L. S.]
Eort Bedford Dec’’ 20**’ 1758
Inclosed you have a Return* of Coll: Alontgomerys Reg^ the deplor-
able condition we are in, without Tents, and almost naked, would melt a
Heart of Stone. I have Incamped both your and our People in the warmest
compactest Manner I could think of. notwithstanding all the care we can
take the men fall daily down in Such numbers that we dont know what
to do with them. Three Hundred and Eift}^ Seven of the men returnd
gone before were Sick and Scarce able to dragg their Legs after them
when they were Sent of;- I have Sent a Capt. and four Sub® with them
with orders to Remain, att Carlisle till further orders.
If leave could be gott for the Sick to proceed to Lancaster, I believe itt
would Save a good manj^ Lives I have the Honour to be with the Greatest
Esteem and Respect
Sir
Your most Obedient Humble Servant
Alex’’ Campbell
Alajor 1®* H: B:
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting] Major Cambell 20**’ Dec*’ 1758
[Addressed] To Collonel Bouquet
’ Not found.
^ See Ourry to Bouquet, December 26.
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 27, A. L. S.]
Eort Bedford Dect y” 20**’ 1758
Dear Colonel,
Your favour of the 17^*'* came to hand Yesterday Afternoon, which I
communicated to Col* Armstrong,- & Alaj’’ Campbell.^
I am extreaml}^ Sorry that the General’s illness continues so Severe,
especially in a Season which is more likely, d’emplrer, que d’amender*
The Man that deliver’d me your Let’’ being desirous of going home a
Short Way, by avoiding Fort Loudoun; I received your Kitchen Utensils,
and I can always find as good an Opportunity of sending them down.
The Remedy you refer me to. Patience is very good. I have often ex-
perienced it, but never more than at present. I don’t mean on Account
638
20 December 1758
of being detain’d, or of any trouble, & fatigue that may now & then come
to my Lot. I never think much of that. But I pitty the Men who fall
Sick very fast, & have not a Pvlorcel of fresh Provisions: for here is now
but one Bullock which I reserve /if possible/ for the General. — And, I
lose all Patience, when I find it impossible to preserve such of His Maj-
esty’s Stores, as I have charge of, from the plundering Hands of unjust &
ungratefull Men, who receive the King’s Pay to guard & protect the very
Effects, they Steal & embezle:
Nothing is spared. Horses, Saddles, Waggons, Provisions, Hay, Planks,
all these & many other Articles, are every Day, Night, & Hour, Stolen by
the neglect, or Conivance of Centinels or Corporals (pour ne pas monter
plus haut.^)
After having lost above two thirds of the Hay I had laid up for the
Generals Horses, on which I kept & Still keep a Sentry Night & Day, I
have been obliged, in Order, if possible, to secure the little Still remaining,
to pile a Load of Rails upon it over Some Waggon Covers, that it may be
a Work of time & trouble, even to get at a handfull.
One of your Horses was Stolen out of my Breast Work the Night be-
fore Last, but was recover'd Yesterday from the hands of the Philistinefs]
Last Night I had only two of the Kings Horses Stole out, the Night be-
fore, five.
The Stores are plunder’d most Nights, and robb’d of Tongues, Bacon
&c: notwithstanding Centinels are posted there.
Pack Saddles, &c are daily carried out of the Fort; in short nothing is
Safe, any where.
I have taken your Trunk, & Kitchen-utensils in my Appartment, which
I am oblig’d to croud with Oats, Indian Corn, Saddles, Bridles under my
own Eye.
I send you two Quires of the best Paper I can get here, & half a Quire
of a better Sort which I brought from Philadelphia, reserving only a few
Sheets to write to you, & one or two other Gentlemen.
I have this Day sent a V/aggon with Geers Compleat to Cap- Pearls at
Fort Cumberland, who writes me that S^ Jn” S* Clair had promis’d him
one to repair the Fort.
I hope. Sir, you will excuse the length of this Letter, but, I am grieved
beyond measure and, I think it somxe relief to unbosom myself a little to
you: and to assure you that notwithstanding all obstacles, I shall con-
tinue firmly to do my utmost for the good of His Majesty’s Service
I am with great Esteem, & due Respect
Dear Col?
Your most humble & most Obedient Servant.
L®- OURRY
A. D. Q. M. [G]
23 December 1758
639
P. S. The Number of Baggage Horses in the different Corps, drawing
Forrage here, & the quantity I have lately sent up, & none being brought
from below, has oblig’d me, (with the Consent of the Commanding
Officer) to put them to Short allowance of one Quart P Day. (except the
GenP Horses &c:) A Man I sent down the Road j^esterday to see, what
was coming up, informs me that 60 Horses will be here tonight with
Flour, but no Oats. I am going to send down an Express to hurry up
Forrage, for I have very little left. Cap^ Gordon & Maj^ Shippen® this
moment arrive here
CoP Bouquet
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting'\ Lieut^ Ourry 20**^ Dec^
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet at Fort Ligonier
^ Not found.
'See Armstrong to Bouquet, December 16.
^ Major Alexander Campbell.
^“To worsen it than to improve it.”
® “Not to go higher.”
® Capt. Harrj' Gordon and Major Joseph Shippen.
BOUQUET TO HUGH WALLACE
[Fort Ligonier, Dec. 23, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged in Wallace's letter to Bouquet, February 5, 1759.
Written from the ruins of Fort Duquesne, the letter probably contained an account of
the advance to the French fort.
HUGH MERCER TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 275, A. L. S.]
Pittsbg 23® Deer 1758
Dear Sir,
I hope you have before now receivd my Letter® of the 19®*^ Ins^ enclosing
the State- of Provisions and informing you of the forwardness of our
Works.
The design of this is to communicate to the General & You, what intel-
ligence of the Enemy I have lately receivd.
some surmises of our Frelndly Indians made known to me on my ar-
rival had but little Weight, till now, that sundrie peices of Intelligence
from different Indians confirm the former Accounts; And particularly from
Delaware George, who had sent a Young Man his Relation to Venango
On Purpose to Make discoveries of the Enemies Designs.
640
23 December 1758
He is returnd from thence, was admitted into the fort, which the French
are considerably enlarging, employed llkewa5^s on fitting up a Number of
Battoes, and preparing every thing Necessary /as the Com^ Officer told
him[/] to make a Descent on this Place & Loyalhanning; They have two
Peices of Cannon & about 300 Men at Wenango & expect a Reinforce-
ment of Both from Priscile; several spies, Indians & French have lately
mixed with Our Indians on the Opposite Bank of the River; and it plainly
appears that the Delawares here expect the Enemy will pa}^ us a Visit in
a few days, tho Georges Intelligence fixes the Time to the next full Moon.
This excessive cold weather is a great interuption to our Works & renders
the Opening Ground for a Ditch Impracticable. We are now employed in
raising a Magazine, [for theft in hanging the Gate and raising the
Bankets, I expect in four Days to have the Place made capable of a
tolerable Defence, and am fully determined to mantain the Post, or at
least, make it as dear a Purchase to the Enemy as possible.
What Weight the Above intelligence may have with the General &
You I am not able to Judge, but must be of Opinion that it is not wholly
to be disregarded for we have seldom known so particular Accounts from
Indians, void of all foundation; at the same time I should be sorrey to be
so far given up by you to the Enemy, as to be denyed sufficient supplies
for this Or a larger Garrison thro’ the Winter; Under the Apprehension
of their falling into the Enemies hands.
What Convoys may be on the Way should not be trusted with less than
fifty Men on this Side Loyalhang, and on their coming within ten or twelve
Miles of us; A Messenger or two might be sent On to the fort to know our
Situation, while the Convoy lay bj'’, & in case of Danger might push up
in the Night.
Our Expectations from the Corn feild^ are over, It has been sufficiently
Stripped by the Indians, who are in a likely way of eating us up too, espe-
cially in the Article of Flower. There is no pleasing them without it; I
am now treating with their head Men to send home the Young fry &
Sqwas, And only to keep a few hunters up the River, to come & see us
now & then & deal for the Meat.
This is sent by a Special Messenger who will wait, if 5mu please, for a
few Lines in Return,
I am Sir
Your most obed‘ Humble Servant
Hugh Mercer
Delaware George insists that M'' Croghan agreed with his Relation for
£20 to be paid on His return in Dollars, for his Trip to Venango:
t Stricken out.
641
23 December 1758
To Colonel Bouquet
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handu^riting^ Col. 2\Iei'cer 23'’ Dec’^ Received
the 25^’* at night
'‘Mercer to Bouquet, December 19.
Not found.
^ Corn fields at Logstown. See Mercer's letter to Bouquet, December 19.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Fort Ligonier, Dec. 23, 1758]
Letter missing, but was acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, January 1,
1759. The letter probably contained orders for the disposal of troops.
BOUQUET TO OURRY
[Fort Ligonier, Dec. 23 & 24, 1758]
Both of these letters are missing, but were acknowledged by Ourry in his to Bouquet,
December 26. The letters requested returns of the soldiers, and gave directions for send-
ing up forage.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Fort Ligonier, Dec. 24, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, December 27. The
letter may have contained orders to send troops down to garrison the lower forts, as
mentioned in Armstrong’s letter.
BOUQUET TO JOHN ARMSTRONG
[Fort Ligonier, Dec. 26, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Armstrong in his to Bouquet, January 1, 1759.
This letter apparently countermanded the orders contained in Bouquet’s letters to Arm-
strong, December 23 and 24.
642
26 December 1758
BOUQUET TO HUGH MERCER
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21652, f. 74, A. Df.]*
Fort Ligonier 26*'* Dec!" 1758
Dear Sir
I communicated to the General your Letters' of the 19^'* and 23^ Inst*
and he orders me to write you to take the following measures, untill a
reinforcement of men and Provisions can be sent to you, in which no time
Shall be lost;
U* To negotiate w*’* the Head men of the Indians [and endeavour to
persuade ]t to engage them to join you, in case [of an attemt from the
Erenchjt the French should attemt anything against you, and jointly
attack them, either upon the River, or at their landing, as the Indians
Shall [ think ]t Judge most advantageous.
2. To keep constant Spies about Venango, Presqu’ Isle, and down y^
River to discover the forces of the Ennemies, their Artillery, Battoes, Pro-
visions, and observe all their motions, and designs. These Spies are to be
well paid, and tho’ the demand of Delaware George" is exorbitant The
General desires you will pay him the whole Sum, and [employ]! make
use for that and other necessary Contingencies, of the money in your
hands for the construction of the Fort, which will be replaced by the first
Opportunity.
3. As you have [less flour than meat]! more meat than flour, you
[are to]t put the men upon half allowance of Bread, and one Pound and
a half Meat per day, untill you[r Convoy arrived.]! get a Sufficient
quantity.
4. If the Indians could Spare [you any Indian]! Some Corn, you are
to will give them a good Price for it, delivered in the Fort.
5. Forward with all possible dispatch the building of Battoes.
6. Send privately an officer to reconoitre a proper Place on the other
Side of the Monongahela where you could bury or conceal in the night the
Cohorns, Ammunition, Arms, and stores, if you was forced to abandon the
Fort.
7. As the Ennemy can not easily [carry]! transport heavy Artillery,
Try to mount 3 Cohorns to fire [like]! as Canons horizontally, to dis-
mount their Batteries.
8. If [possible]! practicable attemt in y^ Night to attack and nail
[up]! their Cannon, [keeping]! having Steel nails and everything ready
for it.
To Col. Mercer
Pittsburgh
t Stricken out.
26 December 1758
643
9. If by a Superior force the Garrison was [forc]t reduced to the
[Impossibility of keeping] t necessity of abandoning the Fort,^ You are
not to make any Capitulation, but pass over the Mononghehela in y®
night, [andjt Keeping a continual firing from y® Fort to mask your re-
treat, and as soon as the whole is over, burn the Fort, having for that
Purpose Wood [readyjt within [for it,Jt ([and|t which will serve for
the use of the Garrison during the attack): The Battoes are to be Sunck.
10. The Garrison in that Case is to retire to Fort [Cumberland, or
if possible to Fort Ligonierjt Ligonier or if not found practicable to Cum-
berland; Each man taking as much Provisions as he can carry: The rest
to be destroyed.
11. The Ammunition, and Stores actually in y® old Fort are to be
removed in the New one as Soon as thet" can be Safely covered.
12. Your best marksmen only [to]t Should fire from the Fort, The
other to load for them; Each man having two musketts.
13. It would be of great Service [if you could ]t to draw a Stokadoe,
or any kind of Intrenchm* from the [St. E. side of the Fortjt two angles
of y® Shoulder of the Bastions to the Water of Mononghehela [on both
Sides of the Fortjt, — to prevent the Ennemies taking advantage of the
high banks of the River to surprise you in y® Night and it would be a good
cover for your Battoes, which are to be chained, and well Secured, I will
Send you Padlocks These Intrenchm*® are defended by the faces of the
Bastions.
14. You could [alsojt advance Some Centries in y® Night out of the
Fort, to have timely notice of the Ennemies aproaches; but care is to be
taken, that these Centries be not exposed to jmur fire.
3 This Day [a Convoy ofjt 40 Pack Horses w-^ flour [is]t are sent to
you, escorted by a Detachm- of 50 men, who are to remain w*'’ you; If you
think necessary to reinforce that Escort, you may Send a Detachm* from
your Garrison to meet them. More Convoys of forage and flour are upon
the Road which will be forwarded to you with Escorts.
1 The General is persuaded that no Surprise can [notjt happen
where you Command, and that yo*' leave no Means untryed to
have the best Intelligences, and the Service performed w**' the utmost
vigilance & Activity.
15. — As the Ennemies could perhaps attemt this Post first in coming
along the Kiskemenittos, [and thereforejt your Scouting Indians must
Keep a Look out that Way.
2 The General Setts out to morrow [on his Journey, jt for Bedford
and I [Shalljt Stay here untill I See tmu properly provided.
t Stricken out.
26 December 1758
6U
16. When your Works are finished, Would it not be of [great]! good
Service to you, [either to cover a Retreat or keep the Ennemies at a
distance]! to build a Redout [raises ) for 60 men on the Top of the
Hill over Mononghehela [which looks down in the Fort]!. It would pre-
vent the Ennemies taking Post there, and Secure a Retreat
You must think how to cover your Battoes you have chains, and I
Shall Send you Padlocks Let me hear from you, and believe me
[no signature]
[The following additions are given on a small sheet. In the case of the
first, the place for insertion was shown by a :^.]
# and that the Service will be performed w-** the activity, and vigilance
required in such Circumstances.
Your Chief Dependency being upon Indian Intelligences, he begs that
no means be lefft untried to procure them.
[5]. NT Sinclair^ is gone to y® Settlements with y® Generals orders to pro-
vide immediatly a sufficient number of Pack Horses, Waggons, on private
Contracts, to bring up, 100,000?’’ Flour for Ligonier and Pittsburgh, which
will serve 800 men for 4 month.
100 Regulars are ordered up, and will be followed by 100 Provincials.
Please to let me know how many men your Fort can contain, and what
number you think would be Sufficient to Secure your Post against any
Winter attack.
Indian Goods w”’ proper Persons will be sent up to open a fair trade
with the Indians.
I was extreamely pleased w?’’ the forwardness of your Works, but Sur-
prised that your Capt® had So Soon forgotten my written Instructions®
concerning Rum.
I Send you w?'‘ approbation of the General a Certificate® for
Hutchins, and you may pay him on the Conting’' Acc^
[no signature]
* Original not found,
t Stricken out.
’Mercer to Bouquet, December 19 and 23, which see.
'See Mercer to Bouquet, December 23.
® There were rumors of an impending attack iqron Forts Duquesne and Ligonier.
Ibid.
■“ Capt. James Sinclair.
® Not found.
* Not found.
645
26 December 1758
Dear CoH
OURRY TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 29, A. L. S.]
Fort Bedford Dec^ 26. 1758
Your favour of the 23'^^ /which Date I can’t help thinking a Mistake/
I received the 24**' in the forenoon — The Proportion of Royal Americans
to march was 147. which march’d Yesterday Morning, with Cap^ Harding
& Jocelyn. M* Bentinck follows them this Morning — Cap^ Lander re-
mains here with about 80 Men. (I don’t know what number of Sick
we have now in the Hospital) the Number of Highlanders that march’d
Yesterday is 353.
I have according to your Directions wrote to S'' John S* Clair, & to M""
Hoops about procuring the best Cover possible; and also to M*" Blaine-
to get for the Men all the necessaries Carlisle can afford.
I have no Forrage to send up; I have sent down an Express to S* John
to forward Some with all Expedition; And have forwarded all the Letters
that came down.
You have the Gen- Acc- of the ;ri000 I received from you at Carlisle
All the Vouchers are at F* Loudoun A very little time will settle that
Acc^ as all the Particulars are express’d in my Book.
I expect with the utmost impatience, the Aloment, de votre arrivee a^
Fort Bedford.
J’ay dispose d’une partie de votre Vin. & je vends I’autre aujourdhtiy —
la Rum est vendu.^
I heartily wish you a merrt^ Christmas; and remain very respectfully
D^ S^
Col Bouquet
Y' most [obed*] & humble S*
L®- OuRRY
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handivritmg] Lieut Ourry 26*** Dec^ 1758
[Addressed] To Col* Bouquet at Fort Ligonier
* Not found.
■ Ens. Archibald Blane.
^ “of your arrival at.”
‘ “I have disposed of part of vour wine and am selling
sold.”
the rest today.
The rum is
646
27 December 1758
JOHN ARMSTRONG TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21643, f. 277, A. L. S.]
F Bedford 27^'* Decern^ 1758
Dear Sir:
Yesterday your favour of the 24'*'^ came to hand, to day the Residue
of the Royal Americans, and part of the Highlanders mov’d down ward,
and are to be follow’d to Morrow, by the remainder of the Regular
Troops & Pennsylvanians, the latter to Garrison the Posts as low as
Loudon agreeable to Orders, there are Some Men down ward Idlely
Furlough’d by Major Wells, “ some Sick that when Collected may make
another small Garrison, this day I got the Garrison of this Post Consist-
ing of 200 Men under Cover, and has a report made of all the Houses
or Hurts here, and what Number of Men they May Contain, but has
yet turn’d Out no person, the being in the Old & part of the New Hos-
pital. had the General Known how Often my face & Stomach has been
heated with the Culpable Conduct of this place, and how many different
Measures have been taken to prevent every Scandalous practice, he
w'ou’d rather have pitied, than Charg’d me with defect, for beside Orders,
Cool, and hot reasoning every day, my Men have not travel’d Less than
One hundred & Twenty Miles, to detect & bring back ’V^illians, and dis-
cover parcels of Horses, which I suspected to have been Secreted in the
Woods, tho’ without the desir’d Success, however the Neck of infamy
is almost broken, and Sundry poor fellows, who came this length with
fresh provisions, has got their Horses again, by dint of Authority, that
Otherwise must have gone home without them. L- Ourry is careful to
a Prodigy, but fsoji' unfortunate in his Centrys; so Subtile are those
Rascals, that a Magazine of Puns, will not Strike nor Convict them!
I have punctually Observ’d your Orders^ respecting passports to partys
going down the Country, and to the Officers Commanding on the Com-
munication. likewise to the Commanding Officer* of the Regular Troops
at Carlisle, Coppys of which Shall be produc’d at Meetting. a Variety
of things have [to]t requir’d some Orders and direction not necessary
to give you the trouble of Reading, but as the greatest part of [part thatjt
what I can do, is now finis’d; in Case the General be longer detain’d, it
wou’d be very agreeable to me to have liberty to proceed to Carlisle
at the Same time if the General is on his way, wou’d rather first See
him & you, at this place, please to Send Some person forward, if you
want any preparation in my power to get. I cou’d Shew you the clearest
reasons why the greater part of the Troops might have March’d thro’
Colonel Bouquet
t Stricken out.
28 December 1758
647
York Town, or made any necessary halt at that place, but Silence on
that point becomes me, especially as I have already Suggested the thing
to Major Halket, and am not acquaint with the Generals reasons, let me
only give you my Opinion that both the Troops, and the inhabitants
about Carlisle will Suffer hardship at this Season of the Year, for want
of convenient Cover
I am dear Colonel, with great respect
your Most Ob^ Humb- Serv^
John Armstrong
I know not how to wish you the pleasures of the Season — but Sincerely
Wish the General, your Self, and all friends, where 3mu ma\^ better enjoy
them.
{Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting^ Col. Armstrong 27-^ Dec^ 1758
^ Not found.
“ Major Richard Wells.
° Not found.
^ Not identified.
BOUQUET TO HALKETT
[Fort Ligonier, c. Dec. 27, 1758]
Letter missing, but acknowledged by Halkett in his to Bouquet, December 31. Appar-
ently the letter contained an account of the troops and progress of the work at Ligonier.
EIALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 202, A. L. S.]*
Tomhack^ Camp 28 December 1758
Dear Sir
How great was our disapointment upon comeing to this ground last
night, to find that the Chimne^^ was unclay’d, no fire made, or any Wood
cut that would biifn, this you maj' immagine distres’d the General to
the greatest degree, by oblidging him after his long journey, to sit above
two hours without anjr Fire expos’d to a snow storm, which had realy
very near distroj-’d him intirely, but with great dificulty by the assistance
of some Cordials, and other applications he was brought to, & is now
thank God tollerably well again. A number of things concur’d at the same
time to ruffle his temper & distress his mind much, & not the least, is all
the Waggon horses being almost knocked up for want of Corn, of which
they have not one grain, an Express was dispatchd last night to Stoney
Creek, to see if any was to be got from thence, but I fear the worst.
648
29 December 1758
Kissety the Indian is at Fort Augusta,- & coming up with a party to
Reastown, that fellows fidelity will be rewarded.
The Captain ProvosC I suppose has been a little pressing with you,
to know what is to be done for him. The General promises that he shall
not be forgott but punctualy for his services last Campaign. We proceed
this day to Stoney Creek, where iVR Basset is stopt till the generals
arrival. I am Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble serv‘
Francis Halkett
[Endorsed m Bouquet’s Jiandzvriting] Alajor Halkett 28*'’ Dec^ 1758
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 271.
^Tomahawk Camp was about one mile west of present Jennertown.
” Fort Augusta, now Sunbury, Penna.
® Not identified. This may refer to a staff officer.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21640, f. 203, .A.. L. S.1*
Camp at the foot of the East side of the Alleganey
29*'’ December 1758
Dear Sir
We have now thank God, surmounted the two great obstakles, and
hope in like manner will do all other dificulties, a small supply of Forrage
haveing come this night for the Waggon horses, & the General in tollerable
spirits.
Fhe inclos’d letter^ was met upon the Road this day, and as the General
saw it was upon His Majestys service, and from Colonel Armstrong he
open’d it, when he was extreamly surpris’d to find that all the Regular
Troops were march’d from Reas town so contrary to his inclination, but
this mistake he will Remidy as soon as in his power, by sending orders
expres for the [three hundred ]t Highlanders to Return, and march im-
mediately up the Country, which opportunity he will make use of, to
send likewise, all the Carrying Horses that can be got, loaded. The steps
taken by Colonel Armstrong, are very different from what the General
and you settl’d at Fort Ligonier, but it will all be put to Rights upon
the Generals geting down to Fort Bedford, when he will write you what
he has done.
The General is inform’d from Captain Paris,- that the Marylanders
are deserting in great numbers from F" Cumberland, and at the same
time acquaints him, that their Assembly has made no provision for
t Stricken out.
31 December 1758
649
their mantainance, but this he can say nothing to, as he has not heard
from Governor Sharp for this Month past, tho it is very contrary to
what he then inform’d him and which you may easily immagine, occasions
great surprise. I am
Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Serv^
Francis Halkett
M?" Sinclair^ got to Reas town yesterday and immediately Colonel Arm-
strong sent off orders to stop the Highlanders, the first division had past
Littleton and the second to Juniata.
By a lettef^ from Hoops the following Provisions at Lancaster, Carlisle,
Fort Loudoun, & Fort Littleton, is ready to be sent up whenever their
are Carriages or Horses provided
1075 Barrils
38 Baggs
40,000rt> Bulk
Flour
182 Barrils of Pork
4 Barrils of Beef
25,000 Pounds of Beef at Carlisle
18 Barrils of Rice
Hoggs upon the Road from Winchester to the amount of SO.OOOtb.
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzvriting] Major Halkett 29-*^ Dec’’
[Addressed] on His Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet Fort Ligonier
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes. 271-273.
■’This probably refers to .-Vrmstrong’s letter to Bouquet, December 27, which see.
^Capt. Richard Pearis.
’’Capt. James Sinclair.
* Not found.
HALKETT TO BOUQUET
[B. M, Add. MSS. 21640, f. 205, L. S.]*
100 Pensylvanians of this Garrison are to march the day after to morrow
for Fort Ligonier.
Fort Bedford 31®*^ December 1758
Dear Sir
The General was extreamly well pleasd to learn by your letter^ which
I was favourd with last night by the return Express, that the Troops
at Fort Ligonier are all put under cover.
Two hundred Highlanders, and fifty of the Royal Americans, with a
proper proportion of Officers, are order’d to march back immediateh' to
650
31 December 1758
this place, where if they meet with no orders, or directions from you,
they are to proceed upon their March to Fort Ligonier, where they are
to be dispos’d of as you shall think necessary.
I need to say nothing of Provisions, or the Hoggs that came this day
from Virginia, as Mt Ourry writes^ you fully upon that Subject by this
convayance.
The general stands his [Journey]! Travling tollerably well, and pro-
poses continuing his journey downward tomorrow, the Weather promises
well, & I doubt not but he will be able to go through with it. No letters
are yet come from General Amherst.
S^' John-'^ has been sick at Carlisle of a Cold, & pain in his Breast, so
I don’t Expect he will meet us, & I even doubt if we shall overtake him.
Lieu^ Sinclair^ set out for the Inhabitants the day after he came to this
place
I am Dear Sir
Your most obedient humble Ser*
Francis Halkett
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handwriting} Major Halkett Dect 1758
[Addressed} On His Majestys Service To Colonel Bouquet at Fort
Ligonier
* Printed in James, Writings of General John Forbes, 273.
t Stricken out.
^ Not found.
^Ourry to Bouquet, January 1, 1759, in B. M., Add. MSS. 21642, f. 31
®Sir John St. Clair.
* Capt James Sinclair.
BASSET TO BOUQUET
[B. M., Add. MSS. 216S8, f. 45, A. L. S.]
Fort Bedford 31®‘ Dec?’ 1758
Sir
I wrote to you from both sides of Laurel Hill & from Stony Creek, but
lest any of those Letters shou’d have miscarried I here send you the
several Distances^ from Fort Ligonier to this Place — viz^
Miles - Feet
To the Run at the N W Foot of Laurel Hill 5" 1200
To the Chimney at the S E Foot 4" 4380
To Quimahony Creek 3" 2300
To Stoney Creek 7" 3280
21"
600
C. December 1758 651
To the Chimney at the Foot of the Allegheny 15" 3400
To the Shawanese Cabins 5" 1880
To Fort Bedford 8" 3700
50" 4300
These are the Several Distances as exactly as I cou’d measure them
with a Line. The General arrived about three o’Clock Yesterday & does
not appear to be the worse for his Journey — He proposes to proceed to
Morrow
I am,
Sir, your most humble Serv^
T Basset
[Endorsed in Bouquet’s handzuriting] Distances from Fort Ligonier to
Bedford
[Addressed] To Colonel Bouquet at Fort Ligonier
^See Table of Distances from Pittsburgh to Carlisle, also compare with Road Reports
of Baker, Clayton, and Ward, pp. 234, 236, 237.
DISTANCE FROM PITTSBURGH TO CARLISLE
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 141, D.]
[c. December, 1758]
From Pittsburgh to Total
Miles, feet.
m - - - f
Bouquet’s Camp
18
Ligonier 38 56
the Run at the N. W. foot of
Laurell hill
5"
1200
the Chimney at the S° E. foot
4"
4380
Quimahony Creek
3"
2300
Stonv Creek
7"
3280 --
20.
600
the Chimney at the foot of the
Allegany
15"
3400
Shawanese Cabbins
5"
1880
Fort Bedford
8"
3700 --
29.
3700
106.1 4300
652
C. December 1758
To liinietta
T.ittleton
18%
T.onrloiin
17%
Chambers
13%
Shippenshnrp-h
11
Carlisle
21
106.1 3960
213. 2980
5280 feet to a Mile
2640 - - half a Mile
1320 - - a of a Mile
660 - - 1/81’^
330 --!^
{Endorsed m Bouquet’s handzvriting] Distances" from Pittsburgh to
Carlisle.
This seems incorrect, but is the same as in the original.
Compare with Road Reports of Baker, Clayton, and Ward, pp. 234, 236, 237.
C. December 1758
653
TABLE OF DISTANCES^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 128, D.]
[c. December, 1758]
Distances from Fort Cumberland to Carlyle, either Crossing into Virginia,
or going the Maryland side of Potomack River
Miles
15
4
To Cresups on the Maryland side of Potomack
To Old Town Creek on the same side
To Coxes accross Potomack, where a skow was Keept
when General Braddock Marched Out, and is im-
passible with waggons, but there is a good Ford
to and from the Inland, that lyes above it, when
the River is not very high
To Enoch’s on great Cape Capon
To the Fork of whinchester Road, and that, known
by the Name of Sir John S- Clairs Road,
To Sleepy Creek Mountain
To Fort Frederick accross Potomack, which is
under the same Difficultys as at Cox’s
To Shellys, by the new Cleared Road
To Bakers
To Paulings
To Colh Chambers
To Shipensburgh
To Carlyle
Distance from Fort Cumberland to Fort Frederick on the
Maryland side
To Cresups
To Old Town Creek
To 15 Mile Creek
To Sidlemg Creek, which Cannot be Crossed with-
out a skow unless the River is Low'
To Stoddarts Fort
To Fort Frederick
12
4
24
8
6
5
6
12
11
22
15
4
15
12
12
70
62
132
62
[Endorsed] Table of Distances from Fort Cumberland to Carlyle
^ These distances are noted elsewhere.
654 C. December 1758
BOUQUET: MEMORANDUM ON BRADDOCK’S ROAD^
[B. M., Add. MSS. 21658, f. 130, A. N.]
[c. December, 1758]
Remarks upon Braddocks Road
from Fort Cumb: to the foot of
the Allegheny 10 M - - good Pasturage
To the next IncampnT Savage Riv. 5 M. Nothing but Lawnes
Bad Roads
To the Little meadows 5 m.
Good Pastures
none upon the
d o Bears Camp 12 - - Road. Pasture
below tolerable
To the great Crossing of Yoghiogh: 8 - - Indiff. Pasturage
To the great Meadows 12 - -very good Past:
no P. in the Way
To Gist house 12 - -
good there
[Endorsed hi Bouquet’s handwriting} Remarks upon Braddock’s Road
communicated by Col. Stephen
^ The places mentioned in this memorandum are identified elsewhere.
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BOUQUET TO SHARPE
[Maryland Historical Society, Gilmor Papers, II, f. S, A. L. S. I
.'Sf
COLONEL HENRY BOUQUET
ORDERLY BOOK
17 June — 15 September
1758
655
BOUQUET ORDERLY BOOK
[Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, HM-613]
Col Bouquet’s orders
June 18. 1758
Aug? 1758
Fort Lyttleton
Camp at Rays Towns
Standing Orders given out by Colonel Henry Bouquet.
Camp at Fort Lyttleton June 1758.
When the General beats all the Troops to appear immediately under
Arms, and therefore no Drummer is to beat the General either in practising
or otherwise except by Order of the Commanding Officer.
No Soldier is to go out of Camp without Leave from an officer.
It is expressly forbidden that any Person whatsoever belonging to the
Army either Officers Soldiers, Servants, Waggoners, Sutlers, Guides Arti-
ficers, or an}^ other whatsoever shall fire in the Camp or in the Woods
without Leave from the Commanding Officer (except in Case of an
Attack) under penalty of being tried for Disobedience of Orders.
Roll Calling three Times a Day, Morning Evening & at Noon, The
Camp Guards & Piquets to be then under Arms, if any Soldier is absent,
he must be reported to be confined.
One Officer of each Company to visit every Morning the Arms &
Equipage of the Men, to see that their Elints and Cartouches are compleat
& their Accoutrements in good Order, If any thing is found deficient they
are to report it to the Commanding officers of their respective Corps.
As there are alwaj^s Enemy Indians about, the Camp Guards and
Centrys are to keep a good Look out; The Gentries are to be relieved in
the Night every Hour.
As our Friend Indians have not got yet the proper Marks to distinguish
them, in Order to prevent any Accident, No Party Guard Gentry or any
Person belonging to the Army are to fire upon any Indians without they
are first fired upon.
The following Officers are appointed provisionally to the several Charges
as follows. —
To Colonel Burd, Cap?® Callender & Potter
656
Bouquet Orderly Book
657
Camp at Fort Lyttleton June 18-’' 1758
The Troops to hold themselves in readiness to march Tuesday Morning
except a Company of the Pennsylvanians to remain at Fort Lyttleton
and 45 at the Cove.
A Return to be given in To Morrow Morning to the Brigade Major of
the Officers Names with their Ranks and Dates of Commissions.
June 19'^’^ 1758 —
Parole Kensington —
Field Officer of the Day Major Alercer
The Articles of War to be read at 12 o’Clock to the Soldiers under Arms
Viz^ Sect? 2^ Mutiny, 6*^ Desertion, 13*^^' Stores & Ammunition 14-'* The
Articles T" 5^^^ 6^^ 9^^ 10^'’ 11* 12^1^ IS?'* 15?>* & 23^ and the Article
of the W?'* Section.
In Case of an Alarm by Daj’ or Night the Officers and Soldiers are to
turn out immediately form themselves in the front of their Camp waiting
there for Orders. No Horses to be let loose in Camp.
Cap? Morgan’s Company to remain at Fort Lyttleton. Two Subalt?
three Serj?® & 100 Men Rank & file of the two Regiments to be left here
under Command of Cap? Callender to load & escort the Waggons.
The Assembly to beat To Alorrow Morning at 4 o’Clock, The Tents
to be struck & properly folded by Companies, The Troop to beat at
5, and the Troops to be under Arms.
Order of The March.
One Corporal & 6 Woods Men to be half a Mile a Head with a Guide,
The Men stragling in the Woods, the Corporal to march off where the
Men are under Arms. 1 Serjeant & 12 Woods Men to be a Quarter of
a Mile behind the Corporal to march in one Line a Breast, crossing the
Road at as great a Distance as they can see one another.
Two Piquets of 1 Lieu? 1 Serj? & 30 Men each a 14 Mile behind the
Serjeant marching in two Indian Files, but the Men as close as possible.
The Hatchet Men being one Man of each Compan}^ under Command
of a Serjeant to follow the Piquet in two files with their falling Axes
tied on their Backs. The Artillery with the Cart of Ammunition to follow
the Hatchet Men, the two Regiments to follow next marching each in
one File the IMen as close as possible.
The Baggage to follow next with an Escort of an Officer a Serj? & 30
Men placing a Man to every two Waggons to pass the Word in Case
of a Halt, the Officer to close the Rear with what remains.
658
Bouquet Orderly Book
All the Guards & Gentries to join their Company when the Troop
beats. A Hatchet Man to be appointed to each Company with Slings
to their Guns and to be supplied with Hatchets by M"" Lyon.
Camp at Sideling Hill June 21®*^ 1758 —
Field Officer of the Day Lieu- Colonel Stephens.
Camp at Juniata the 22*? June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day L- Coll- Stephen
Ordered that no Soldier or others go out of the Camp beyond the advanc’d
Gentries or to pass over the Creek.
If any Suttlers, Agents of Provisions or others, have Persons to send to
the Settlement, They must not leave the Camp without a Pass from the
Commanding Officer —
Camp at Juniata the 23'? June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day Major Mercer
Parole Boston
All the Troops to march in the same order tomorrow, Adding two Flank-
ing Parties to the Plead & to the Rear of the Collumn —
Camp at Reas Town the 24 June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day L? Coll? Burd
Parole Forbes
Standing Orders during the Campaign —
H* All Horses belonging to the Officers, Waggoners, the Train of Artil-
lery, Sutlers, or any other Persons whatsoever to be sent with the
Cattle to the Pasture every morning at Revallee Beating and to
have them Hobbled under a Guard of 1 Leiut 2 Serj?® 1 Drum^ and
50 Men Rank and File to Assemble at the Head of the Virginia
Camp and to Return at Night to Camp, where all the Horses are to
be tied to Picquets or Trees, and their Bells Stopp’d; Every Person
is to be Comformable to this under Penalty of being Tried for
Disobedience of Orders —
Bouquet Orderly Book
659
It is expressly forbid to bark any Trees in or near the Camp as
Likewise near any Road —
]SJor Trees to be cut down near the Camp without Orders, except
the Dead Trees in the Old Feild which are to serve for Fuel —
^thiy Necessary Houses to be Built, Cleanlyness of the Camp Recom-
mended—
5thiy Soldiers Fireplaces to be one Hundred Yards from their Tents —
b'chiy Every Commanding Officer of the Guard is Order'd, in case an}'’
Horses are turn’d loose in the Camp to have them Stopp’d and tied
at his Guard untill the owners is known —
ythiy ^|j Officers to take a Cop}^ of the Orders during the Campaign,
as they will be Answerable for the Execution of them —
gthiy ^1} Quards and Detatchments to Parade at the Head of the Virginia
Camp —
Camp at Reas town 25*^’ June 1758
Parole Crown Point
No Soldier to go to the Indian Camp to have any Dealings with them —
Camp at Reas Town 26-’^ June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day B*^ Major Stewart
Parole Franks Town
Every Commanding Officer of an out Guard is to send every Morning a
Man to the Parade to lead the new Guard to its Post
All Horses found in the night loose in the Camp are to be taken up by
the Guard and not Releas’d without orders from the Commanding Officer,
the Owners to pay one Shilling for each to the Guard —
The Hunters not to shoot within hearing of the Camp, they are to make
a Report every night to the Feild Officer of the Day who will order
them out —
Regulations to be Observ’d in the Pennsylvania Regim- for the Uni-
formity of the Service in the Camp at Reas Town
June the 26-^ 1758 —
Each Officer in the Regiment to have the Roll of the Company, which
is to be divided into two Squads and one Serjeant and one Corporal be
Appointed to each. —
660
Bouquet Orderly Book
2<iiy The Soldiers to be Order’d for Duty as they stand on the Roll, and
the orderly Officer to prevent any partiality or Exemption. —
The Detatchments Guards, and Parties Alwa3^s to be furnish’d from
the Picquets, and those men replaced Imediately; As the Picquets is
always to be Compleat; And as the Work & Turns of Fatigue are Different
Duties from the above the Soldiers are to be Orderd for them by Turns. —
Each Company to appoint one Hatchetman, one Camp Colour Man
and one Bautman who are to be Exempted from Guards and Detatch-
ments.—
The Hatchet Men are to open the Communications make Bridges and
Plant forks for the Arms with a Roof of Bark to cover them; They are
to make Necessary Flouses and perform other Necessary work in the
Camp, As pitching their Fcild Officers Tents, and carry every Night to
the Camp Guard The Tools Imployd by the Regiment in the Camp. —
The Camp Colour Men are to Attend the Commissary for the Distribu-
tion of Provisions for their Battallion; they are to Assist in Making the
Camp and keeping it Clean as likewise to throw Earth into the Necessary
Houses every two Days. —
The Bautmen are to take care of the Horses belonging to their Company,
load and Drive them upon a March, lead them to the Pasture and tie
them every Night in the Camp according to the Orders given. They are
to serve in the Stores to load and unload the Waggens when they are
Call’d upon. —
Sthly The Orderly Officer of each Company is to see that the Publick or-
ders of each day be Read & Explain’d to the Soldiers of his Company. —
6tiiiy The Officers may Imploy the Drummers and Fifes to wait on them,
but no Soldier, Excepting Bautmen, on any Pretence whatsoever. —
ytiiiy Upon a March the Soldiers are not to hang to their Firelocks any
Bundle or Kettle, but are to carry them on their Back tied with good
strong Straps, The Six Men of each Mess Carrying their Kettles by
Turns, as likewise their Tent Poles in their Elands and Tent Pins tied to
a String. —
Camp at Reas Town 27 June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day CoE Stephen
Parole Jamaica
No Man whatever to hunt without Leave
Camp at Reas Town 28^** June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day CoE Burd
Parole Richmond
Bouquet Orderly Book
661
Camp at Reas Town 29-'^ June 1758
Feild Officer of the Day Major Mercer
Parole Edinburgh
The Hunters to parade every evening at Retreat Beating before the Vir-
ginia Regiment, and the Feild officer of the Day is to order what number
he thinks Proper to hunt next morning, they are to keep all they Kill to
themselves. —
All the Horses to be taken to the Bullock Pens every Morning at Sun
Rise and to go with the Cattle to the Grass Guard where the)^ are to be
hobbled, and the Bautmen are to take them home at Night without giv-
ing the Guard the Trouble of Driving them. —
Camp at Reas Town June 30-^ 1758
Field Officer of the Day Brigade Major Stewart
Parole Dublin
Camp at Reas Town July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Cob Stephens
Parole Harwich
All Persons who Incline to risque their Horses out of the Camp at Night
may turn them out & send a servant to drive them up in the Morning. —
Camp at Reas Town 2^ July 1758
Parole New=Castle
A List of Names is to be given in by Companies in the Morning from each
Battallion to the Brigade Major of all the Tradesmen, As Carpenters,
Joyners, Bricklayers, Masons, Oven Makers, Sadlers, Millrights, Coal-
makers, Coopers, Tin Men, Sawyers, Mealmakers, and they are to know
That they are to receive nine pence pensyP currency and a Jill of Rum or
Whiskey p Day or one shilling wdthout Liquor — Lieu* Lyon will pay them
every Saturday upon order from Capt Gordon — The Common Labourers
will Receive every Morning a Jill of Rum or Whiskey when they work. —
662
Bouquet Orderly Book
Camp at Reas Town 3^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Major Mercer
Parole Colchester
All the Dearskins that are Actually or shall be brought into Camp are to
be Deliverd to the Artillery Store as soon as they are dried & stretch’d,
as they are wanted to make Mockessons for the Men that go on Party’s —
The Soldiers who hunt shall receive from Leiut Lyon 5/. for a Large
Buckskin, & 4/. for a small one or a Doe Skin no Sutler or any Person
whatsoever is permitted to buy any —
The Quarter Guard is to mind that no Body wash either Meat or Linnen
in the Springs About the Camp, they are to be kept Clean for the use of
the soldiers; All Cloaths are to be wash’d in the River — ^The Field Officer
of the Day to make the first Rounds at what time he Pleases; The Cap-
tain of the Advancd Guard to make the Second at the Hour Affix’d by the
Field Officer; His Leiut the third by Break of Day —
The Field Officer of the Day to Receive the Parole from the Guards if
he makes his Rounds before it is dark; In the Night All the Rounds give
it; the Morning Rounds again to receive the Parole to know if it was
given right —
Any Person who takes any of the Ropes made of the Bullocks Hides
shall be punish’d with the utmost Severity.
Camp at Reas Town 4*'' July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Brigade Major Stewart
Parole
Camp near Reas Town 5**^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day CoF Stephen
Parole Devonshire
Camp near Reas Town 6*’’ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day CoF Burd
Parole Dorset
The Troops during the Campaign are to be under Arms every morning
at Ravallee Beating without Noise, and it is expected that the Officers
Bouquet Orderly Book 663
will attend regularly that Parade & Inspect the Arms and Accountrements
of their Companies. —
After the Report of the Vissit is made to the Commanding Officer of
each Corps, The Guard is to mount and the rest Dismis'd; The Soldiers
to retire into their Tents before Nine, and after ten no Candle is to be
seen in the Camp; the Officer of the Guard to be Answarable for the Exe-
cution of this Order. —
And as Gaming for money is alwat’s attended with with the worst
Consequences for the Service; The Commanding Officer expects that he
shall not be Oblig’d to give any Order to Suppress that pernicious Custom,
equally destructive to both Officers & Soldiers —
The Armourers of each Regiment are to go tomorrow to the Park of
Artillery and work with Butler to repair the Arms, begining with the
Virginia Regiment. They are to be Paid; Any Soldier who by Neglect
breaks or Spoils his Arms, is to pay for the Mending of them —
Camp near Reas Town 7*'' July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Major Mercer
1 he Officer of the Bullock Guard is to make a Report every night to
the Field Officer of the Day — The out Guards to make Bark Shades for
themselves —
The Battallions to be serv’d first with Provissions by turns. —
Camp at Reas Town 8**^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Major Lloyd
Parole Dover
The Soldiers who have any Complaints to make for Provissions or any
other Case are to Apply to their Captains to the Commanding Officer of
the Corps who will inform the Commanding officer if Necessary. —
Camp at Reas Town 9^^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Br*?® Major Stewart
Parole Maidstone
The Commanding Officer thanks the Officers and Soldiers for their Dili-
gence in intrenching the Camp. —
664
Bouquet Orderly Book
The picquets are to be Advanc’d in the Ravelin —
All Strangers comeing into the Camp with or without Arms are to be
Stopp’d by the Gentries till the Field Officer of the Day is Acquainted
with it. —
Camp at Reas Town lO-’* July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Col- Stephens
Parole Hartford
The Workmen are to take their Breakfast out with them and Return to
Camp at 11 oClock, and go out again at two. The Serjeants are to warn
the Men for Duty by Tents or Messes so as one Man at least of a Mess
may be left in Camp to Cook for the Rest. —
Camp at Reas Town IP'* July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Col- Burd
Parole Southwark
Two Gentries at the Indian Camp to prevent the Soldiers going amongst
them —
The Men are to go to the Necessary House, and no Dirt or Dung to be
left in the Camp. —
Camp at Reas Town 12^'* July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Major Mercer
Parole Appleby
Camp at Reas Town 13^** July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Major Loyd
Parole Chester
A Return of each Battallion to be given in to the Brigade Major every
Morning before ten oClock agreeable to a Form they will Receive from
him. —
Bouquet Orderly Book 665
Camp at Reas Town July 1758
Field Officer of the Day Coh Stephens
Parole Salisbury
Orderd that no Soldier shall Presume to go out of the Camp either for
Hunting or Fishing without Leave of an Officer. All the Haymakers and
Party that Covers them are to take their Orders from Capt Hambright
while on that Duty —
Camp at Reas Town July 1758
Parole Buckingham
Field Officer of the Day —
The Guards and Picquets to be under Arms half an hour before Day and
to Remain while Sun Rise. —
The Commanding Officer is Sorry to give out in Orders that some of
the Officers are Remiss in their Dut}'^ Particularly on Guards, he Hopes
this last warning will render them Vigilent for the Future and that he shall
not be Oblig’d to fall on Measures which will be very disagreeable to him,
but Necessary for the safty of the Armey —
Camp at Reas Town 16^' July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Kingston
The Soldiers to Attend divine Service every Morning at Revalee
Beating. —
Camp at Reas Town 17*'' July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Abington
All Guards to send a Man to the Parade every Morning to Conduct the
new Guards to their Posts, and to make their Reports to the Captain of
the Main Guard. — The Piquets to Furnish in the Night three Gentries
at the three Angles of the Camp, and one at each Gate, and to send
Patroles constantly round the Camp. —
An Officer to Vissit the Hospital Daily.
666
Bouquet Orderly Book
Field Officer of the Day
Camp at Reas Town 18-'' July 1758
Parole Bedford
No Soldier shall buy any Rum from the Suttlers without an Order in
Writing from the Officer Commanding the Company, and Quantity never
to exceed more than a Jill P'' Day for one Man.
All Guards to make their Reports to the Captain of the Main Guard
who is to Inform the Field Officer of the Day of whatever Happens.- — ■
The Rounds to be made by the Captain of the Main Guard as directed
by the Field officer of the Da3^ —
Its again Repeated that not any Horse be left loose near the Camp
and all the Bells to be Stopp'd at Night —
Field Officer of the Day
Camp at Reas Town 19-^ July 1758
Parole Chichester
One man of a Mess to be orderd the Night before to Receive their
Provisions for next day, and no other Men of the Mess to be Concern’d
with it. —
The Orderly Officer and Serjeant of each Company to see that their
Men be at the Store by Break of Day when it is the turn of their Corps
to be serv’d first, that no time be lost. —
The Guards are orderd to receive every Horse whose Bell is Ringing
[in thejt About Camp in the Night; and not to release them without
Orders of the Field Officer of the Day.—
Camp at Reas Town 20*'^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Carlisle
The Officers of the Grass Guard to carry the Cattle to whatever place
they shall be directed to by the Guides, who will Attend them all day
and Conduct them to proper places for Food. —
t Stricken out.
Bouquet Orderly Book
667
Camp at Reas lown 21-*^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Cardigan
At the Firing of a Great Gun in Camp, the Grass Guards and working
Parties are to return in.^ — -
All the Necessary Houses to be fill’d up & new ones made.
Camp at Reas Town 22'^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Cambridge
Camp at Reas Town 23'^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Conway
All Beatings of the Drum are to be taken from the Orderly Drummer
at the Commanding Officers, the Oldest Corps to begin first and the
next to follow, so on to the Youngest.
The Troops to be Acquainted that our Indian Friends are distinguish’d
by a Yellow Fillet or Yellow Ribband, & some carry their Matchcoats
on a Pole; Any Indians haveing the Above Marks and Signals are to be
Receiv’d as Friends.
The Guards to send their Reports to the Field Officer of the Day who
is to Vissit the Posts.—
Field Officer of the Day
Camp at Reas Town 24^*^ July 1758
Parole Glocester
Camp at Reas Town 25-'^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Danby
The Camp to be Clean’d out and the Road from the Creek and About
the Camp, as the General is expected tomorrow.
668
Bouquet Orderly Book
For his Guard one Officer and thirty Men, two Serjeants One Drummer,
Two Orderly Serjeants as soon as he Arrives. —
The Generals Guard is to turn out to nobody but himself. The Men
are to turn out of their Tents and range themselves when the General
goes by, the Gentries to call — Turn out the Line —
Camp at Reas Town 26*^*^ July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Warwick
No Waggens to be Press’d in Camp, or on the Road. —
Field Officer of the Day
Camp at Reas Town 27*** July 1758
Parole Flint
Camp at Reas Town 28^** July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Athol
An Officer of each Corps is to be Appointed to see the Camp Clean
and Eearth thrown into the Houses of Offices every Night, he is to make
his Report to the Commanding Officer of his Corps, and will be Answerable
for the Execution of this order. —
If any Gentry Steals or Suffers to be Stolen any thing Commited to his
Charge he shall suffer Death Agreeable to the Articles of War. —
Field Officer of the Day
Camp at Reas Town 29-** July 1758
Parole Manchester
Camp at Reas Town 30*** July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Cardiff
No Provisions to be Delivered out of the Stores without an Officer
Present —
Bouquet Orderly Book:
669
All the Sadlers of the Different Corps to be sent to the Fort to Morrow
Morning to work in the Saddlers shop, The}^ will be Paid for their Work. —
Camp at Reas Town July 1758
Field Officer of the Day
Parole Radnor
A Number of Horse Drivers are wanted for the Service All Soldiers
who Understand packing and Driving are to give in their Names to
Day, they will be Paid when Imploy’d.
A Return of the Line with the Names of the Orderly Officers of each
Corps who has the inspection of the Camp to be given in Daily —
A Field Officer, two Captains, four Subalterns to inspect the Flowr
at 2 oClock —
The whole to be under Arms this Evening at Retreat
Camp at Reas Town U‘ Aug?*^ 1758
Field Officer of the Day Major Jameson
Parole Coventrt’
A Return of the Line to the Brigade Major every Day.
The Quarter M? Serjeant with Camp Colour men of each Corps to
Assist in the Stores to roll the Barrells, when the Provisions are serv’d
to the Corps.
The Advancd Guard are not to permit any arm’d Troops to enter
the Camp without being first Reconnoiterd and Report made to the
Field Officer of the Da}^, or in his Absence the Captain of the Main Guard.
The Quarter Masst? Gen^ S?" John S^ Clair, is not to be Detalnd, but
admitted immediately when he come to Camp.
The Prisoners of each Corps, excepting those Confmd for Capital Crimes,
are to be tried in twenty four Hours after their Confinement by a Regi-
mental Court martial of their own Corps —
All the Guards are Orderd to Confine any soldier who eases himself
any where less than in the House of Office, that they may be severely
Punish’d
Ens“ Biddle is to Collect all the Flowr Baggs and get them Mended.
670
Bouquet Orderly Book
Camp at Rays Town 2^ August 1758
Parole Oxford-
Field Officer for ToMorrow — Major Mercer
All the Strays found in the Woods or upon the Road are to be brought
to the Camp; but any Soldier, Hunter, Waggoner or any other Person
who shall make use of the said Strays, either to draw or to ride, shall
be severely punished, as several of His Majesty’s and Officer’s Horses
are thereby daily rendered unfit for Service.
All the Troops not upon Duty are to be under Arms in their Camp
at 3 o’clock P. M. and to the Rendezvous in the Plain below the Fort,
where they are to be drawn in a Line of Battle; The Americans & High-
landers on the Right and left. The Virginians next to the Americans, The
N. Carolina Troops next to the Highland?® The Pennsylvanians & Mary-
landers in the Center.
No Body is to take or damage any sheep Skin, Bullocks Hides or Ropes.
A Field Return of each Corps is to be given to tbe Brigade Major
every Day, agreeable to a Form which shall be given to Day.
Camp at Rays Town 3^ August 1758
The Parole Windsor
The Provincial Troops of Virginians North Carolina Maryland &
Pennsylvania not upon Duty to be under Arms at 3 in the afternoon,
and form the Line of Battle as Yesterday, The Virginians on the two
Wings —
The Commanding Officers of these Corps are desired to meet the Com-
manding Officer at 12 o’Clock.
Lieffi CoF John Armstrong is appointed Colonel to the 1®* Batt? of
the Penns“ Regiment Lieut. Col. Jam.es Burd Colonel to the 2'? Battalion.
Major Hugh Mercer Colonel to the 3“^ Batt?*
[Cap- Hance Hamilton Lieu* CoF to the 1-* Batt“]t
Major Thomas Lloyd Lieut. CoF to the 2** Batt"
Cap- Hance Hamilton Lieut. CoF to the 1-* Batt"
Cap- Patrick Work — Lieut. CoF to the 3'* Batt"
Capt. Jacob Orndt Major to the P* Batt"
t Stricken out.
Bouquet Orderly Book
671
Cap- David Jameson Major to the 2*^ Batt“
Cap^ George Armstrong Major to the 3'^ Batt“
Field Officer for Tomorrow
Major Waddel
Camp at Rays Town T** Aug^ 1758
Parole Berwick
Field Officer for Tomorrow — Major Jameson —
All of the Tools including artificers Labourers Hatchet Men of the
Pennsylvania & Virginia Troops are to be returned to the Stores before
12 o’clock, & none to be kept under any Pretence whatever — The Com-
manding Officer of each Corps are desired to have an exact Research
made of the said Tools & will be answerable for the Execution of this
Order.
All the Bakers in the Line are ordered to be at Mt Clarks at 3 o'Clock
this Afternoon to be em.ployed by him to bake Biscuit, they will be paid
eighteen pence per day.
A Party to parade toMorrow morning at Day Break viz^ 1 L* CoP 1
Major 10 Capt- 20 Subalt“® 20 Serj^® 3 Drumm'’® 20 Corporals 523 private.
The Men to have three Days Provisions with them viz- the 5-'^ b-** &
7-'* Inst — Thet^ are to receive them this Afternoon — The Men to be corn-
pleated with 20 Rounds of Ammunition. The two Field Officers to receive
their Orders from the Commanding Officer.
The Detachment to take their Tents & Baggage with them.
Two Subalterns & 100 Men to be served this Afternoon with three Days
Provisions & to relieve the Grass Guard ToMorrow.
Camp at Rays Town 5 Aug^ 1758
Parole York
Field Officer for To Morrow, L^ Cob Lloyd
A Detachment of one Captain two Subalterns and Sixty men to parade
[at 3 o’clock P. M.]t as soon as they can get their Provisions to march
with the Artillery Florses & Cover them in the Pasturage.
This Detachment to be Served with Provisions for the 7*'' Inst, in-
clusive & to take their Tents. The Captain to take his Orders from the
Commanding Officer.
t Stricken out.
672
Bouquet Orderly Book
The North Carolina & Maryland Troops are to furnish Eighty Men
every Day for the Works as their proportion of Duty, untill they are
equipped. They are to entrench their Camp immediately; build Houses
of Office, & keep their Camp clean.
A Lieu- & 36 private one Serj^ 2 Corporals to he mounted immediately
as a Guard to the Artillery
Camp at Rays Town 6-** August 1758.
Parole Kendal —
Field Officer for ToMorrow Lt. CoP Hamilton.
The Orderly Officers of each Corps, who are to See their Camp cleaned,
and Earth thrown every Day in the House of Office are to make their
Report to the Field Officer of the Day.
All the Troops not upon Duty to be under Arms Tomorrow at 3 P. M.
and to march out as usual
The Artillery & every thing belonging to it is under the command of
Capt. Hay.
No Hunters to go out untill further Orders. —
All Strays Pack Horses Waggon Horses or any others belonging to the
King are to be delivered To Morrow to Capt. Calender. —
Two Subalterns & two Parties of 15 Volunteers each of the Virginia
& Pennsylvania Regiments to go immediately out with the Indians &
to carry Provisions for 8 Days in Rice & Flour. They are to parade im-
mediately as soon as they have received their Provisions.
The Officers to receive their Instructions from the Commanding Officer.
Camp at Rays Town 7® August 1758
Parole Nantwich
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Waddel
The Piquets of each Corps are by the Generals orders to lie at Bivouac
in the Ravelins every night; Where there is no Ravelins they must
have Tents in the Front of their Camp with a Centry, and be ready to
turn out at the first Call.
All the Tools received from the Stores are to be returned every Evening
to Lieu‘ Lyon —
Bouquet Orderly Book 673
The Commanding Officers are required to send to the Brigade Major
To Morrow morning an exact Return of the Ammunition and Flints in
their respective Corps, that the Soldier may be compleated to 20 Rounds
each.
The Volunteers who received provisions Yesterday and are not gone
are to return it to the Stores having an officer with them to take a Receipt
thereof from M?’ Clark.
Two Coopers to go immediately to the Park of Artillery near the Fort,
& apply to the Commissary of Artillery who will employ them.
The Troops to be formed two deep and divided into Plattoons of 20,
with an officer or a Serj^ to each Plattoon.
The Detachment arrived to Day are not to turn out, nor the Mary-
land & N. Carolina Troops, who are to finish their Entrenchment.
The Soldiers of the two first Battalllons of Pennsylvania are to be
cleared.
And any Soldiers in the Line who have any Complaints to make, or
any Pretension are to apply immediately to the command? Officers of
their Corps, who will see Justice done to them.
Capt. Sub. Serj‘ Corp.
The Grass Guards consisting of 1 3 3 3
160 to parade To Morrow morning They are to take 4 Days
provisions with them to be drawn for in their several Corps.
Camp at Rays Town 8*'^ August 1758
Parole Wells —
Field Officer of the Day Major Wells —
As it is necessary to settle the Prices of the Sutlers Goods the Command-
ing Officer of each Battalion or Brigade Major Shippen & Cap^ Young,
are desired to meet at Co? Burd’s Tent at 1 o’Clock, who are to allow
them a reasonable profit according to the different Distances for Rays
Town, over the Hills & upon the Ohio — And to make their Report to
the Commanding Officer.
A Party of a hundred Men of the Line to clear the Artillery Ground
under the Direction of Cap^ Fla}^
The Commanding Officer of each Corps are desired to send an Officer
of their respective Corps to receive their Pack Horses & to see them
divided in the following proportion
674
Bouquet Orderly Book
Royal American 16
Highland Batf? 52
North Carolina Co®
Maryland Comp® . .
1 I
2 ' Batt?
Penns. Reg^
a
Lower County Comp®
4
8
8
including those already received at
Carlisle
Cap- Posey’s Company of Artificers to march ToMorrow & receive their
Tools to Night.
Any Orders coming from the Quarter Master General to be Obeyed.
The Regiments may exercise this afternoon separately.
A Court of Enquiry to sit to morrow morning at 10 o’Clock to examine
into Lieu- Humphrey’s Conduct — The Highland Batf? gives a Captain
for President — The Royal Americans Virginians 2'? and 3 Batf?® of
Penns*? R^ & Three Low** County Comp® each one Subaltern.
Parole Bath
Field officer to morrow Major Jameson
The Virg? to hold themselves in Readyness to March to morrow Morn®
to join L^ Col Stephens, they are to take prov*?® for the 10^?^ IP?* and 12-^
Inclusive, all those on Duty to be relieved. 1 Cap* 1 Sub. 2 Serj and 50
men to be paraded Directly for Command, they are to take 2 days
prov?® with them, Also 2 Serj-® 2 Corp. & 36 Priv^ to relieve the V®.
Reg* from G**
Each Corps is to Draw provisions for thier Effectives only — no more
than three women to one hundred men are to Receive Provisions.
The Commanding Officer of each Corps are answerable for the Execu-
tion of these Orders.
The Pack horses Draughted yesterday are to be Return’d tomorrow
morning at 9 "Clock to Capt Calendar and at 10 one officer of each
Corps, is to attend at the Old Store to See them Draughted Again
The Reg^ to Draw for them According to thier Rank
All the Tools being wanted for Immediate Service, the Commanding
officers of each Corps are Requlrd to Send back to the Store all those
they have Rec** before Night taking back the Receipts they have given
for them — [the N" Caro*? and Maryland C" are Exceptedjt
It is once more Order’d that all the Prisoners not Confin’d for Capital
Crimes be tried within 24 hours by a Court Mart* & releasd — According
to the Nature of their faults.
t Stricken out.
Bouquet Orderly Book 675
Capt ABLaughlins Comp?' is to IMarch with the Virg? all the men they
have on Guard, are to be Relievd from the Line.
Those two Detachments are to bring [the]t Returns of the Amunition
and Flints they Want to the Commanding officer.
They are to draw prov^ for the 12*’^ Inclusive
The first Bate of Pens"® to be Ready to Alarch at the first Warning.
N B. Capt APLaughlin’s C° are to keep 3 of thier pack Horses — for
thier Tents and Baggage and Parade before the Virg"® Camp at Break
of Day
The Roj^al Americans, Highland, and Pensylvania Reg-® not upon
Duty are to be Under Arms at 3 “Clock
Camp near Rays Town Aug^ 10*^*^ 1758.
Parole Lancaster
Field Officer for Tomorrow CoF Lloyd
All the Hatchet men. Masons and those who Understand building
Ovens; Are to Rebuild the Ovens Directly of green wood; they will be
pay’d for it To Parade immediately under the Direction of L^ Blyth
The Virginia Detatchment to take 8 Tents for Capt Fields Comp? to
set out tomorrow morning with a Convoy to the DetatcM on the Roads
A Court martial of the Line tomorrow Morning at 9 oClock to try
a Suttler for selling Liquors without proper orders.- — Ens. Gradon to
Prosecute him.
All the Troops not on Duty to be under Arms at 3 oClock Except
the Maryland 5: Carolina Comp?® the Arms to be unloaded and no
Cartridges with Balls or any loose Balls left to the soldier®, eveiy Man
to have ten Cartridges without Balls, the Troop of Light Horse to be
there.
Camp near Reas Town Aug^ 11*’' 1758
Parole Plymouth
Field Officer for tomorrow Lt. Col’ Hamilton
The Court Martial of which Captain Payne is President and 6 Sub®
of the Line Members, Viz^ Royal Americans 1, Flighland Batt. 1, North
Carolina 1, 1®* Batt" Pennsyl. Reg^ 1, 2‘* Batt" 1, 3'? Batt" 1, — is also to
t Stricken out.
676
Bouquet Orderly Book
try the Prisoner who had his firelock Loaded with Ball Contrary to
Orders, Yesterday to Sit at Capt. Paynes in the North Carolina Camp.
The Troops to be under Arms as Yesterday each Soldier to have nine
Cartridges without Balls.
The Field Officers to give in the Dates of their several Commissions to
the Brigade Major.
The Grass Guard to he Relieved to Morrow and take 4 Days Provisions
with them to be drawn in their several Corps. 1 Capt., 3 Sub? 3 Serj-%
3 Corp'®, and 160 Private.
An Escort of 1 Officer & 16 Men of the Draughts toMorrow Morning.
Camp near Reas Town Aug^ 1758
Parole Stafford
Field Officer for tomorrow Major Waddle
The Arms to be Clean’d and put in good order. A Return of each
Corps for Powder and Paper to make 20 Cartridges each man — no Exer-
cise to Day.
The Tools lost are to be Paid for to Lieu- Lyon Acting as Commissary
for the Things Stores By the Officers who have given their Receipts for
them.
All the Pack Horses are to be Branded on the Neck, with the of
the Regiment.
Sermon to Morrow Morning at 10 oClock all the Troops to Attend
under Arms at the Usual Place.
At one oClock in the Afternoon all the Troops not on Duty to be under
Arms with 10 Cartridges for Exercise.
Its repeated that the Regiments are to be Serv’d first by Turns — the
Regiment who is to be serv’d first to be at the Store by Break of Day.
A Court Martial of the Line to try a Waggoner. The Deputy Waggon
Master Mouncey is To Prosecute him, to sit at Three oClock.
One Corp- and 6 Private to Mount to Morrow at the Slaughter house.
The Penns°® to burn the Rubbish and Clean before that part of the Camp
before the Camp next the Creek to Night or Early in the Morning — no
more dirt to be thrown there.
Bouquet Orderly Book
677
Camp at Rays Town 13^*^ Aug- 1758
Parole Penrith
Field Officer of the Day Adajor Wells — -
One Cap^ two Subalterns 2 Serj^® 2 Corp? & 50 private of the North
Carolina Troops are to march To Morrow Morning to Juniata to relieve
the Garrison there, which is to march to Rays Town; The Captain is
to receive his Instructions from the Commanding Officer.
The Commanding Officer of each Post is to take Care that the Sentrys
are relieved exactly every Hour in the Night.
Between one & two P. M. all the Troops are to be under Arms except
the N. Carolina & Maryland Troops with 10 Rounds of Cartridge without
Balls. The Arms to be carefully examined.
A Serjeant & 8 Men to escort a Waggon at 1 o'Clock towards Allegheney.
No Drummer is to beat the long Roll before the orderly Drum beats it.
Camp at Rays Town the 14th Aug‘ 1758
Parole Bala.
Field Officer [of the Day Major Jamesonjt ToMorrow Lieut. CoP Lloyd.
Two CapP 5 Sub? 6 Serj^® & 200 Rank & File, no Drummer; of the R.
Americans & Highlanders to march over the Allegheney — To parade at
12 o’clock with their Tents and Baggage & to take Provision to the 16^^*
Inst, inclusive; each Man to have 20 Rounds — The Captains to take their
Instructions from the Commanding Officer.
The Royal Americans give 2 Sub? 2 Serj?® & 57 Rank & File
The Highlanders give 2 Cap-® 3 Sub? 4 Serj*® & 143 Rank & File
The several Corps are to replace their Sick men who have come from
the Roads, to parade at 12 o’Clock.
The Camp of the 3'’ Battalion to be entrenched Tomorrow, and the
Men of that Camp to do no other Duty To Morrow; CoP Mercer is
required to take the Direction of that Work.
All the Men not upon Duty with a Proportion of Officers & Serjeants
are to be paraded To morrow morning & sent to the Fort, leaving in
the Camp a Man of each Mess to dress their Victuals; They are to receive
their Directions from the Engineer Cap^ Gordon.
t Stricken out.
678
Bouquet Orderly Book
The 1?*^ Battallion of the Penns? Regiment to March to Morrow Morn-
ing. The Troops to be Compleated again at 20 Rounds p^' man, and as
there has been a great waste of Ammunition the Officers Neglecting
to Vissit their Men Daily, the Commanding Officer for the Future will
be Answerable to the Gen' for all the Ammunition Deliverd to their
Respective Corps.
The Troops not upon Duty to be under Arms at one o’Clock P: M: to
Fire the Remainder of their Ammunition.
The Cartridges for Exercise made for the Royal Americans and High-
landers are to be Divided Equally Amongst those of their Men who will
be under Arms and to save the Ammunition, the Men upon Guard and
Detatchment, are to load their Arms with a Running Ball.
Fifty-Eight Able Men are to be Draughted to Day for the Artillery,
from the Penns? Troops and sent to Captain Hay.
His Excellency General Abercrombie has Fix’d the Rations during the
Campaign at 7"’ of Flowr, and 7‘'^ of Fresh Meat, or in Lieu of Fresh
Meat, 4"’ of Pork pt Week.
Camp at Reas Town 15"' Aug?* 1758
Parole Ipswich.
Field Officer for tomorrow L* Cob Hamilton
The same orders as Yesterday with respect to work.
The Arms to be cleand and Rang’d in the Bell Tents with the Barrells
outward.
The Regiments who have not been Compleated with Ammunition to
send their Returns to the Commanding Officer to be Sign’d
The Bullock & Artdlery Horse Guards to be relieved To Morrow Morn-
ing; They are to take 4 Days provisions with them to be drawn this
Evening in their several Corps — And to consist of 1 Cap* 4 Sub? 4 Serj^
4 Corporals & 96 private.
Camp at Rays Town 16*’’ Aug®* 1758
Parole Bur3^
Field Officer for ToDay Major Waddle
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Wells
A Court Martial of the Line at 3 oClock P. M to trj" Swan the Sutler
for Disobedience of Orders: The Evidences of the 1?* Highland Battalion
against him to attend the Court.
Bouquet Orderly Book
679
The 2^ Batt“ Penns^ give a Captain, President The Royal Americans,
Highlanders, North Carolinans & IMarylanders give one Subaltern each.
The same Order for the Works To I\Iorrow; The Marylanders North
Carolinans & 3*^ Batt° to work with the rest at the Fort.
The Company of Volunteers are to be included in the Returns.
Any Orders from Mr. James SinClair Aid Deputy Quarter Gen? are
to be received in the Stores & by the Artificers.
Camp at Rays Town 17*^^ Aug? 1758
Parole Hereford
Field Officer for To Morrow [iMajor Armstrong]t M Col° Lloyd
A Guard of a Serj? & 10 Men to be at the new Hospital, to keep 2
Gentries who are to receive their Orders from the Doctor of the Hospital,
the rest of the Guard to attend the Sick — this Guard to be relieved daily.
An officer & a twenty Men of the Draughts of the 1-* Battalion to escort
20 Waggons down to the Settlements & up again.
Capt. APKnights Company to be cleared off to Day, & to march to
Morrow afternoon as an Escort to Bullocks & join their Battalion — They
are to take Provisions for three Days & to be compleated to 20 Rounds
of Ammunition.
Camp at Rays Town 18*'* Aug* 1758
Parole Bath
Field Officer for ToMorrow, Major Waddle
The same Orders for the Workmen as usual. 1 Sup? 1 Serj? 20 private to
parade tomorrow Morning at Eleven “Clock to Escort provisions to the
Party’s on the Road — the Subaltern from the 2*? Batt“ of Pen®??
Camp at Rat's Town 20 Aug? 1758
Parole Winchester
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Wells
The Grass Guard consisting of 1 Cap? 4 Sub" 4 Serj?" 4 Corp? & 96
private to parade tomorrow morning at 6 o'Clock. They are to take 4
days provisions with them to be drawn this Afternoon in their own Corps.
t Stricken out.
680
Bouquet Orderly Book
Camp at Raj^s Town 20 Aug* 1758
Parole Salisbury
Field Officer for to Morrow CoP Lloyd.
1 Serj!^ [one Corporal]! & 12 private to be at the Fort at 2 ‘’Clock to
Remove the Stores, they are to take Directions from Comissary Wood.
one Serj- 1 Corp. & 12 private to parade directly with 4 Days provisions
to be drawn in their Corps.
All the Bells to be stopt at Night in the Camp & the Guards ordered
to take to their Guards all such Horses whose Bells are not stopt.
The same Orders continued with respect to the working Parties
Tomorrow.
Six Women from the Line to be sent to the Hospital immediately to
attend the Sick to be relieved Weekly, they will receive Provisions & 6^
Sterling P Day.
The Coopers of the Line to assemble at Cap^ Hay’s Tent at the Artillery
Park To Morrow at 8 o’Clock, and receive Orders from him.
Camp at Rays Town 2P* Aug* 1758
Parole Leicester
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Wells.
A Serjeant & 12 Rank & File of the Maryland Companies to parade
directly to escort Pack Florses to Fort Cumberland.
All the Ro3"al Americans, a Detachment of Highlanders, and all the
2*? Batt: of Pennsylvanians to hold themselves in readiness to march
the Day after To Morrow. They are to be compleated with Ammunition,
& to take three Days Provisions viz^ for the 23*^ 24*’’ & 25^’’ Inst.
The Grass Guard to be relieved Tomorrow morning at 6 o’Clock to
take 4 Days Provisions with them to be drawn in their Corps
Cap?®
Sub
Serj?®
Corp?
The Highland Reg* give
1
1
1
& 39 Private
The N. Carolina? give
1
1
1
1
& 8 Private
The Maryland? give
1
1
1
& 32 Private
The S'? Batt“ give
1
1
1
& 25 Private
The Lower Countet^ give
. . . 4 Private
Total
1
4
4
4
108
t Stricken out.
Bouquet Orderly Book 681
Camp at Rays Town 22 Aug- 1758
Parole S- Davids.
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Wells
The Detachment under the Command of Col” Burd to march To Morrow —
They will send an Escort of 150 Men with the Artillery. Their Tents not
to be struck without orders.
Lieu- Hubbard is appointed provisionally to act as Brigade Major to that
Detachment.
Camp at Rays Town 23'-' Aug^ 1758
Parole Castle Dewart
Field Officer for To Morrow L- Col” Work —
The Detachment of the 2'' Batt° Penns'^ Reg^ that came to Day, to march
To Morrow Morning & [to]t join their Corps; They are to take 3 Days
provisions with them.
A Subaltern of the 3'' Batf? & a party of 25 Alen of the Draughts from
the Batt" Reg^ to march Tomorrow as an Escort to Waggons to Car-
lisle & come back with them.
The Working Parties as usual:
Camp at Rays Town 24 Aug^ 1758
Parole Warwick
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Waddel
The Party of Highlanders that arrived Yesterday to march this Morn-
ing, to take Provisions for the 26-'' Inst, inclusive & to he compleated to
20 Rounds of Ammunition.
A Subaltern, 1 Serj? & 16 men to march immediately to Juniata to re-
pair the Bridges. They are to take Tools with them and four Days Pro-
visions.
The 2'? Camp is to be removed To Morrow Afternoon between the Ar-
tillery & Highland Camp — -Cap^ Sinclair will lay out the Camp; The
Quarter Masters & Camp colour men [of each]t are to attend him To
Morrow at 9 o’clock A. M.
All the Houses of the Office in the 2'? Camp are to be filled up & new
ones made this afternoon two Hundred Yards SouthWest of the new
Camp in the Woods.
t Stricken out.
682 Bouquet Orderly Book
After Orders.
Two Captains & 2 Sub® & 2 Companies of the Maryland Troops to
march to Morrow Morning to mend the Roads towards the Shawnees
Cabins — They will receive Tools from the Store & are to take 3 days
Provisions with them — The Captains to receive Instructions from the
Commanding Officer.
Camp at Rays Town 25 Aug^ 1758
Parole Williamsburg
Field Officer for Tomorrow Major Wells —
All the Men not upon Duty to clear the Ground this afternoon for the
new Camp.
The Houses of the Office to be made abo^ 60 Yards to the Southward
of the Camp in the Woods, & carefully to be covered every day with Earth.
The Tents to be struck in the 2'^ Camp to Morrow morning, as soon
as thet^ are dry, pack’d up and pitched in the new Camp.
No Guard of that Camp to be relieved To Morrow Morning.
The Guard at the Ridge and behind the Artillery &c. to join the Camp
at 7 o’clock in the Morn®
Notwithstanding the several prohibitions not to fire about the Camp,
there is a continual Firing. The Guards & Gentries are expressly ordered
to confine any Man who shall fire a Gun without Orders; And any such
offender shall receive 500 Lashes; This order to be [carefullyjt clearly
explained to the Soldiers.
The Grass Guards to be relieved To Morrow Morning — To take 4
Days provisions with them to be drawn this Afternoon in their own
Corps.
Camp at Rays Town 26 Aug* 1758
Parole Dover.
F^ Offic’’ tomorrow L* Col° Work
The Liquors and Goods bought from the Suttlers are to be paid at the
rates fixed by the Committee of which each Corps is to take a Copy from
the Brigade Major.
Every man going out of the Camp to hunt horses or any Other service
is to have his Arms and Ammunition.
t Stricken out.
Bouquet Orderly Book
683
The Batmen of each Corps are to keep together in the Pastures to be
able to defend themselves against the Enemy Indians who are About the
Camp.
An Officer of each Corps is to be present at the distribution of Provi-
sions If there is any occasion of complaint they are to inform the Com-
manding Officer of it, but no Commissary, Assistant, or Butchers are to be
Abused, and the Officer who is present will be answerable for it. —
The Ration has been settled provisionally for Flour and 7-^ Beef p
Week according to General xA.bercrombie’s Order and in lieu of Beef, five
pounds of Pork and one pint of Rice p Week.
A Court of Inquiry to sit To Morrow Morning at 9 o’Clock at the
Presidents Camp to examine into the Conduct of Lieu- &
Ensign Kenned}^ —
The Highlanders to give a Cap^ for President & one Subaltern.
The North Carolina Comp? give 1 Subaltern.
The Marylanders & 3 Battalions of the Penns’^ Reg* give each 2 Sub-
alterns.
Camp at Rays Town 27 Aug- 1758
Parole Ossery.
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Waddel
The Captain of the Fort Guard is [notjt never to permit any Fire in
the Fort nor Candles to be alighted in the Night, neither suffer any
Smoakmg.
The 2 Centrys at the Powder Magazine are not have Firelocks but only
Side Arms; and are not to suffer any Person to go near the Powder hlaga-
zine without Orders from the Captain of the Guard.
The men off Duty to work as usual. A Subaltern 1 Serj^ & 20 Rank &
file to march to Morrow Morning as an Escort to Bullocks [as far as]t
to Edmunds Swamp. They are to take 3 Days provisions with them to be
drawn this afternoon, & to parade at 6 o’Clock To Morrow A. M.
t Stricken out.
684
Bouquet Orderly Book
Camp at Rays Town 28 Aug- 1758
Parole Peterborough
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Wells
Six Women to be sent to the Hospital immediately — they are to be
relieved every Fortnight.
The Highland Reg^ are to send 2 Women.
The Pennsylvania Reg^ 2 —
Maryland Companies 1
Lower County Comp® 1
6
After Orders
Cap^ Allen 1 Serj^ & 30 men of the Draughts from the T* Batt“ Penns^ R^
to march To Morrow Morning as an Escort to a Brigade of Waggons to
Carlisle, & to return with the same Brigade. They are to take Provisions
for the 31®*^ Inst, inclusive.
A Subaltern 1 Serj* & 30 Rank & file of the Line to march to morrow
morning to Juniata who are to escort from thence a Brigade of Waggons
to the Camp — &: the Pay Alaster General. They are to carry two Days
Provisions wdth them.
Camp at Rays Town 29. Aug^ 1758
Parole Ormond
Field Officer for tomorrow Lieu- CoP Work.
Notwithstanding the several Orders against giving Spirituous Liquors
to the Indians, many of them were drunk yesterday; The Commanding
officer thinks it proper to repeat General Forbes Orders respecting it viz-
“All Persons whatever whether Officer or Soldier or Sutler or Indian
Trader, who shall dare to give Strong Liquor to any of the Indians even
for nothing, or shall receive or purchase from them any of the Presents
given them b}^ his Majesty thro’ General Forbes shall suffer the severest
punishment a Court Martial can inflict as being directly contrary to
Orders.”
If any Men in the Camp are not compleated to 20 Rounds, a return
must be given in a day. The Grass Guards to be relieved To Morrow
morning
The New Grass Guards to take eight Days Provisions with them w'^’* are
to be carried on Horses.
Bouquet Orderly Book
685
Camp at Rays Town 30 Aug^ 1758
Parole Burlington
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Waddel —
A Court Martial of the Line consisting one Captain & 6 Subalterns to
sit immediately at the Presidents Tent.
Captain Payne President
The Highlanders give 2 Sub®
N. Carolina Co® 1
Marylanders 1
d** Batt" Penns® 1
Lower County 1
6
Captain Dagworthy is promoted to a Lieutenant Colonel.
Camp at Rays Town 3P‘ Augl 1758
Parole Southampton
Field Officer for Tomorrow Major Wells
All the Troops to be under Arms tomorrow at 3 o’Clock P. AI. & to
march to the usual Place of Exercise— Each Soldier is to have three Cart-
ridges without Ball to make a Feu ^ Joye for the Conquest of Louis-
bourg. The Loaded Arms to be drawn & all the Cartridges with Ball to
be left m the Camp.
_ A Return of the number of Cartridges v/anted for each Corps to be
given to the Brigade Major at 3 o’clock this Afternoon.
Camp at Rays Town Septem'’. 1758
Parole Kild are
Field Officer for To Alorrow Major Armstrong
All the Arms to be cleaned.
The Orders of tl,e 2.^1' Augt „ith regard to firing a Gun without Orders
are renewed; & the Commanding Officers of Corps are answerable that
the same be complied with.
686
Bouquet Orderly Book
Camp at Rays Town Sept^ 2^ 1758
Parole Louisbourg.
Field Officer for To Morrow L- CoP Work.
The Detachment of CoP Dagworthy is to take Provisions this After-
noon for the 6*'’ Inst, inclusive & be compleated with Flints & ammuni-
tion— They are to march To morrow morning
All the Soldiers Tents are to be struck & air’d this afternoon.
Camp at Rays Town Septt 3^ 1758
Parole Hull
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Wells.
The Troops to attend Divine Service at 10 o’Clock, A. M.
All the Tools to be returned to the Store this Evening to M?' Ward.
Camp at Rays Town
Parole Dorchester
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Armstrong
The Provincial Troops are to send their Sick to the Hospital as soon
as they are taken sick. A Stoppage is to be made of their Pay of 8%
pence Currency p Day for the Time they remain in the General Hospital.
A Return is to be given immediately to y® Brigade Major of all the
Pack Horses that each Corps has at Rays Town, as they are wanted to
carry provisions to the advanced Posts.
The Bakers employed by M*" Clark to bake Biscuit are on no pretence
to bake any thing else.
An officer of the Troop of Light Horse to attend every Day to receive
the Orders.
Camp at Rays Town 5*^^ SepP 1758
Parole Derby.
Field Officer for Tomorrow Major Wells
Orders given by CoP Mercer
Bouquet Orderly Book
687
Camp at Rays Town 6 Sept'' 1758
Parole New Castle —
Field Officer for Tomorrow Major Armstrong.
The Grass Guards to be relieved this afternoon by the Marylanders 3'*
Batt: Penns® Reg* & the Lower County Companies. The new Grass
Guards to take 8 days Provisions with them Viz* for the 13*’“ Inst, in-
clusive. They are to parade at 2 o'Clock P. M.
A Serjeant & 12 Rank & file to escort Pack Horses to Fort Dewart —
to take 3 Days Provisions & to parade at 12 o’Clock.
Camps at Rays Town 7*'’ Sep? 1758
Parole Berwick
Field Officer for ToMorrow Major Wells
A Party of 2 Subalterns 2 Serj^® & 40 Rank & file to march To Morrow
to relieve the Garrison of Fort L^Ttleton, [theyjt and to be composed of,
1 Lieu* 1 Serj* & 12 Men of the N. Carolina’s
1 Lieu* 1 Serj* & 21 — of the Low* County Co® & a Corporal & 6
of the Draughts from the 1®* Batt" of the Penns® Reg* to take 2 Days
provisions.
One Captain, 2 Sub^ 3 Serj*® & 70 Men of the 3'* Battalion to cut the new
Road from the Camp To Morrow, & to return to Camp at Night; Major
Armstrong to have the Direction.
A Ranging Party of 2 Sub® 1 Serj* 1 Corporal & 25 private to march
at 6 o’clock ToMorrow Morn^ & patrol round the Grass Guards, & return
to Camp at Night, they are to draw their Provisions to Day.
Camp at Rays Town 8**“ Septem* 1758
Parole Carlisle
Field Officer for ToMorrow Lieu* Cob Work
A Court Martial of the Line to sit immediately- — -
Captain Jackson to be President- —
The Highlanders give 1 Sub
The North Carolina’s 1
3'* Batt" Penns" R* 1
Lower County Co® 1
4
+ Stricken out.
688
Bouquet Orderly Book
The Commanding Officer is determined to have the Orders of the 25*'' Aug^
put in Execution against such as shall hereafter fire a Gun in & about the
Camp without Liberty.
Camp at Rays Town 9 SepE 1758
Parole Glasgow.
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Wells —
Camp at Rays Town 10*'' Sept^' 1758
Parole Aberdeen
Field Officer for To Morrow Major Armstrong
Two Sub® 2 Serj*® 2 Corporals & 30 private to escort Pack Horses to
Fort Cumberland tomorrow morning; They are to take 4 Days Provisions
with them.
Camp at Rays Town 11**' Sept-' 1758
Parole Sterling —
Field Officer for To Morrow L* CoP Work
A Ranging Party of 2 Sub? 1 Serj* 1 Corp? & 30 private to march To Mor-
row at 6 o’clock & patrol round the Grass Guard & towards Potomack,
iSc to take a Days Provisions to be drawn this Even^ —
Camp at Rays Town 12**' Septt 1758
Parole Plymouth
Field Offic' Major Wells
.4 Subaltern & 1 Serj^ & 25 Rank & file to escort Waggons & Pack Horses
to the Westward to be ready to march To Morrow Morning at 10 o’Clock,
to take 3 Days Provisions w**' them. Two Officers & thirty Men from the
3'* Batt'? to be emplo3^ed ToMorrow on the Road towards the Shawana
Cabins.
Bouquet Orderly Book
689
13“* Septem!' 1758
Parole Dorset
Field Officer for Tomorrow Alajor Armstrong
Ensign Quicksel with 20 Men of the 2'^ Batt" Penns“ R- just arrived
from Lyttleton is to proceed to Loyal Hannon, as an Escort to Pack
Horses.
Camp at Rays Town IT*? SepP 1758
Parole Chesterfield —
Field Officer for Tomorrow CoP Work —
One Sub" 1 Serj^ 1 Corp. & 25 Alen to escort Pack Horses & Waggons
to the Westward to morrow Morning & to take 4 Days provisions with
them.
A Cap^ 2 Sub® 2 Serj^® 2 Corp? & 48 private to escort live Cattle &c®
to the Westward to Morrow — they are to take 4 Days Provisions with
them.
General Forbes’s Orders
Camp at Rays Town 15 Sep. 1758
Parole Bouquet
Field Officer
A Disposition of the Detachments from the
Penn" R[eg*] Carlisle 10 July [1758]
Where troops are posted on the
Western Frontier
Carlisle ....
Shippensburg
Fort Loudoun
690
Bouquet Orderly Book
Carlisle 10 July 1758
A Disposition of Detachments from the Penn'’ Reg*^
Where troops are posted on the Eastern Frontier
For Augusta
Fort Hunter
A Block House on Swetara or in the N[eigh]borhood of
the Inhabitants
Fort Henrj^, to protect the Country the[nce]Schuilkill
As three of the most convenient Forts for the Defence of
the Count fry are?] between Schuilkill & Delaware an
Officer & 20 men at [ . . .] be detached by Maj Orndt
from Capt Bulls, & Nelsons Comfpanies?]
Fort Allen
Teeats Block House & Depues
Philadelphia
Harris Ferry
INDEX
A
Abel, James, 194.
Abercromby, James, Esq., 480.
.■\bercrombv [Abercrombie], Maj. Gen.
James, 44, 49, 81, 85, 88, 113, 114, 131,
141, 143, 163, 169, 184, 186, 199, 208,
209 , 225 , 249, 250, 253 , 266, 267, 273,
295, 303, 304, 309, 382, 384, 385, 390,
393, 397, 441, 480, 486, 509, 537, 548,
585, 588, 601, 605, 633, 634, 678, 683.
Adeneyachea, Indian, 448.
Albany, 57, 163, 174, 209, 308, 480, 548,
569, 601, 605, 633, 634.
Alexandria, 57, 103, 130, 133, 153.
Aliquippa’s [Alequipas] Gap, 77.
Allegheny [Allegany, Allegenv] Hill, Moun-
tain, Ridge, 76, 103, 112, 118, 120, 123,
135, 141, 143, 148, 149, 164, 169, 184,
185, 188, 190, 191, 193, 207, 235, 236,
239, 241, 243, 246, 248, 251, 255, 264,
271, 275, 277, 279, 280, 287, 291, 294,
295, 311, 312, 327, 343, 344, 350, 354,
356, 359, 360, 363, 372, 376, 377, 380,
386, 401, 404, 406, 408, 410, 423, 425,
426, 430, 440, 443, 454, 455, 464, 487,
562, 590, 612, 648, 651, 654, 677; Gap
of, 247, 343, 344, 408, 426, 487.
.'^.lleghenv Indians [ Allygenians] , 191, 194,
197, 198.
Allen, Ens. John, 321, 326, 403, 411, 442
684.
Allen, William, 320, 324, 340, 357, 362, 363,
417, 470, 473, 523, 610.
Allen. Mrs. William, 612.
Ambas [Hambus], the Delaware, 212, 215
218. 224, 344. 378. 380.
Ambrose. Indian. 367.
Amentis. Indians. 625.
America, 43. 48, 63, 118, 122, 140, 142, 147
149, 150, 152, 226, 333, 338, 411, 468,
471, 613.
Amherst [Amhurst], Maj. Gen. Jeffery, 81,
132, 548, 601, 605, 633, 634, 650.
Anderson, Capt. George. 322.
Anderson. Lt. Robert, 107. 108, 196.
Anthony [Antoine], Indian, 36, 37, 44, 49.
Armstrong, Mai. George, 7, 208, 209, 224,
232, 248, 251, 252, 261, 262, 271, 277
280, 283, 285-287, 290, 307, 311-313,
316, 320, 321, 327, 340-343, 345, 349,
357, 358, 362, 363, 367, 370, 378, 381,
408, 414, 419, 422, 425. 437, 444 445,
450. 458. 671, 679. 685-689; Arm-
strong’s Post, 331, 336, 361.
.A.rmstrong, Col. John. 1 12
28. 36, 42, 44, 47, 48,'
81. 82. 90, 107, 108, 112
186, 272, 273, 312, 313,
373, 377, 380, 392, 396,
414, 418, 427, 433, 437,
459, 463, 464, 466, 467,
511, 522-525, 538, 539,
572, 575, 578, 589, 598,
621, 631, 632, 635, 637,
670.
13, 17, 18, 27,
55, 56, 67, 72,
, 135, 145, 146,
355, 356, 372,
408, 409, 412-
442, 443, 450,
483, 496, 510,
542, 543, 570,
600, 603, 604,
641, 646-648,
-Armstrong. Ens. Joseph. 546.
Armstrong. Capt. William, 58, 320 321
^ 360, 525.
Atricks. Harmed. 5.
Attlee. Lt. Samuel. 460.
.\ugusta County. A’irginia, 164, 226.
Augusta Court House [Augusta], Virginia
36, 60-62, 77. ’
-A-ustrians. 549.
B
Bacon. David. 195.
Baillie [Bailly], Lt. Alexander, 309.
Baird. Ens. John, 165.
Baker. Lt. James, 234, 236, 238, 509.
Baker’s. 653.
Bar. Abraham. 568.
Barnsley. Lt. Thomas, 9. 480. 481.
Barrow, Thomas, 379, 381, 527, 627.
Basset [Bassitt], Lt. Thomas, 23 38 94
97, 117, 121, 256, 412. 427, 434 ’33?'
590, 628, 648, 650. 651.
Bay, Andrew, Chaplain, 394, 398.
Beall, Capt. Alexander, 389, 545, 596.
Beall [Reason Bell], Ens. Rezin, 567.
Bears Camp. 654.
Beatty [Beatie], Charles Clinton, Chaplain
145. 613.
Beaver Creek, 304. 378, 380. 612.
Beaver, Delaware Chief, 623, 624.
Beckwith [Beckworth], Capt. John 309
375.
Bedford, see Fort Bedford; Raystown.
Bedford County, Virginia, 164.
Beerbower, Henry, 170.
Beilor. , 233.
Belestre [Beletre], Capt. Franqois Marv
Picote de, 533, 534, 540, 541, 563. '
Belle Air [Jameson’s Redoubt], 466, 490,
492.
Belle Riviere, 613; see also Ohio River.
Benezet. Anthony, 195.
Bentinck, Lt. Rudolph, 170, 502, 508 511
571, 574, 576, 578, 609, 619, 620^ 6^2,
645.
691
Berks County, 3, 4, 13, 18, 26-28, 31, 33,
42, 47, 90, 105, 106, 133, 394, 398.
Beyers, Capt. John, 42, 47, 629.
Biddle, Ens. , 669.
Billings, Lt. John, 8, 9, 43, 48, 57, 139, 160,
170, 171, 508, 527, 531.
Bird, Ens., see Baird, Ens. John.
Bird, see also Burd, Byrd.
Black Legg’s Bottom [Big Bottom], 279,
329.
Blaii. John, 23, 60.
Blane, Ens. Archibald, 57, 197, 525, 526,
540, 541, 609, 632, 633, 645.
Blazed Paths and Roads, 235, 239, 245.
Blay. Capt. . 430.
Blinky, Indian. 486.
Blythe, Lt. William, 141. 143, 675.
Boemer, Thomas, 125, 127, 263.
Boscawen, Admiral Edward, 132.
Bosomworth, Capt. Abraham, 10, 15, 22,
38, 39, 45, 49, 54, 61, 70, 74, 86, 89, 91,
92-94, 96, 100, 110, 111, 115, 125-127,
129, 137, 164, 170, 171, 178, 181, 204,
205, 214, 217, 224, 260, 263, 315, 334,
338. 339. 486, 495, 562.
Boston. 351. 548.
Bouquet, Col. Henry, 1, 3, 83, 114, 166,
172, 227, 352, 353, 400, 503, 527, 531,
564, 567, 598, 600, 602-604, 621, 623,
624.
Bouquet Camp, 627, 651.
Boyer, see Beyers, Capt. John.
Boyles, Capt. . 430.
Braddock, Maj. Gen. Edward, 46, 69, 125,
126. 227. 298, 571, 573, 653.
Braddock’s Field. 614.
Braddock’s Ford. 325.
Braddock’s Road. 51. 74, 164, 175, 177-179,
181, 182, 184, 206, 219, 222, 231, 240,
248, 252, 258, 265, 268, 270, 273, 276-
278, 282, 298, 299, 315, 320, 326-328,
332, 336, 337, 340, 341, 367, 374, 378,
380, 387, 389. 440, 441, 443, 446, 562,
565, 570, 571, 573, 575, 578, 581, 582,
584. 611. 615. 654.
Bradstreet f Broadstreet], Lt. Col. John,
304, 309, 330, 335, 390, 460, 481, 524,
530. 531. 548.
Brandon. Jeremiah. 287.
Braton. Capt. Robert, 226.
British Fleet. 81. 131.
British Grenadiers, 308, 309, 634.
British Regiments:
1st or King’s Rnval I Sinclair’s), 60S.
27th (Blakeney’s), 309.
42d (Lord John Murray’s), 309; see
also Highland Regiment.
44th (.Abercromby’s) , 309.
46th (Thomas Murray’s), 309. 634.
55th (Viscount Howe’s). 309, 375.
60th (62d till January, 1757), Royal
American Regiment.
77th (Montgomery’s), see Highland
Regiment.
British or King’s Troops, 620, 631.
Brown, , 262, 285, 340.
Brown, William, 194.
Buchanan, William, 14, 19, 629.
Bucks County, 7.
Bull, Capt. John, 690.
Bullen [Bollin], Capt. Johnny, Indian, 10,
14, IS, 19, 37, 41, 92, 95, 97, 141, 143,
176, 180, 354, 356, 367, 416, 422, 424,
426, 439.
Bullitt [Bullet], Capt. Thomas, 105, 363,
370, 376, 412, 502-504, 509, 515, 519,
520. 528, 628.
Burd [Bird, Byrd], Col. James, 4, 11, 12,
16, 17, 22, 24, 36, 42, 43, 46-48, 51,
56, 58, 67, 72, 76, 81, 85, 107, 109,
112, 118, 123, 178, 182, 241, 248, 250,
252, 254, 275, 277, 281, 287, 288, 290,
291, 299, 305, 311, 312, 334, 343, 353,
366, 376, 391, 396, 406, 408, 409, 414,
417, 418, 420, 423, 427, 428, 433-438,
444-446, 448, 449, 453 , 454, 458-460,
474, 475, 478, 479, 490, 492, 513, 518,
522, 526, 543-546, 551-556, 558-560,
565, 566, 575, 578, 585, 598, 600, 617,
628, 656, 658, 660, 662, 664, 670, 673,
681.
Burd's Indian, see Kissity.
Burd’s Road. 235-237. 240, 246.
Burent, Serg. John, 634.
Burk. Lawrence, 344, 367, 378, 380, 381.
Bushy Run Camp. 603.
Butler. , 663.
Buyers, see Beyers, Capt. John.
Byrd [Bird, Burd], Col. William. 15, 39.
60, 61. 79, 83, 87. 94, 96, 125, 127, 134,
136, 156, 158, 160, 164, 167, 173, 175,
177, 204-206, 249, 253, 258, 265, 269,
276, 278, 282, 284, 289, 292, 311, 313,
369, 375, 388, 405, 426, 440, 443, 444,
447, 462, 466, 476, 536, 538, 585, 590,
598. 600.
Byrd’s Regiment. Battalion, companies,
etc., 11, 16, 60, 77, 80, 83, 84. 87, 88,
168, 186, 212, 215, 218, 230, 281, 331,
336, 590.
C
Cacapon Riyer. 653.
Cachecacheke, set Kuskuski.
Calcraft. John. 480.
Calf Pasture Riyer, 226.
Callender, Capt. Robert, 5, 6, 10. 34, 54,
55, 117-119, 121-123. 125, 126, 132,
194. 295, 305, 308, 312, 313, 330, 333,
335, 338, 378, 381, 451, 483, 507, 522,
532, 551, 570, 573, 575, 578, 606, 607,
656. 657. 672. 674.
Campbell [Cammel]. Lt. , 234, 238.
Campbell [Campble], Maj. Alexander, 309,
428, 635, 637.
Campbell, Lt. Colin, 504, 508.
Campbell. Maj. Duncan. 308.
Campbell [Campbel], Lt. John, 503, 509.
692
Canada. 104, 613.
Canadians, 209, 562.
Cape Breton, 190.
Cape Frangois, 81.
Capt. French, Indian; see French, Capt.
Capt. Johnny, Catawba warrior; see Bul-
len, Capt. Johnny.
Carillon [Carrilion], see Fort Ticonderoga.
Carlisle, 1-5, 8-11, 13-16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24,
26, 27, 29-33, 36-40, 42-44, 47-49, 56-
59, 63-67, 69-75 , 77, 78, 80, 81. 84-89,
103-105, 107, 109-112, 115, 117, 119,
121, 123, 125, 126, 130, 132, 133, 138-
140, 143, 145, 150-153, 161, 163, 165,
169, 170, 172, 177, 181, 184-187, 196,
201, 207, 211, 214, 221, 224, 226, 227,
229, 230, 232, 233, 250, 254, 256, 263,
264, 266, 26 7, 272 , 282 , 286, 294, 300,
301, 303, 318, 322, 344, 346, 366, 384,
394, 398, 446, 462, 507, 537, 539, 582,
585, 628, 629, 632, 637, 645-647, 649,
651-653, 674, 681, 684, 689, 690.
Came. Samuel, 368. 370, 587.
Carolina, 42, 47, 540, 630; see also North
Carolina entries; South Carolina.
Carolina Troops, forces, soldiers, etc., 153,
355, 356, 490, 509, 675; see also North
Carolina Regiment, etc.
Carty, Charles, 200.
Castle Duart. see Fort Dewart.
Cataraqui [Cadarughquel, 304, 481, 524;
see also Fort Frontenac.
Catawbas [Cuttawbas], Indians, 10, 14, IS,
19. 37, 41, 70, 74, 93, 95, 97, 98, 100,
102, 141, 143, 164, 168, 176, 180, 205,
211, 214, 217, 354, 356, 367, 376, 378,
381, 405, 416, 422, 424, 516, 520, 533,
534, 563, 566, 586, 603, 625.
Cayugas [Goyogouins]. Indians, 625.
Chambers, Col. Beniamin. 139. 196, 300,
354, 355. 507, 629, 652, 653.
Charleston [Charles Town], 411, 540, 587.
Chatter Box. Indian. 341.
Cherokee River. 614.
Cherokees [Charakis], Indians, 10, 11, IS,
24, 34, 37, 41, 44, 49. 54, 61, 65, 70.
74, 75, 86, 87, 89, 93, 95, 98, 100, 103,
112, 113, 125, 127, 137, 141-144, 148,
149, 176, 180, 199, 200, 206, 211-215,
217, 218, 221, 222, 249, 253, 263, 311,
313, 315, 342, 346-348, 354, 355, 366,
389, 390, 404, 486, 533, 534, 540, 562,
563, 566, 585, 586, 603.
Chester County. 7.
Chestnut Hill or Ridge, 208, 279, 329, 374,
420. 422, 423, 425, 430. 446, 450.
Chew [Shew], Lt. Colbv, 141, 143, 349,
394, 399, 400, 406, 411, 417, 422, 425,
427, 500, 509. 512, 515, 519.
Chinklacamoose [Chingaulamouse, Shinga-
lamuch. Single clamouche, etc.], 70,
75, 119, 123, 135, 141, 143, 212, 215,
218.
Clark [Clerc], Daniel, 66, 92, 106, 355, 482,
483, 505, 507, 539, 629, 630, 671, 673,
686.
Clayton, Capt. Asher, 141, 143, 234, 236-
238. 241, 509, 549, 550.
Clear Fields, 279, 286, 414, 453, 459, 467,
478.
Cloine. Fredrick, 564.
Cochrane, Capt. Gavin, 568, 569, 601.
Cock Eye’s [Caggeys] Cabin, 329.
Colden. Alexander. 223.
Conemaugh [Conimax] River, 593, 595.
Conestogas [Ganastogues] , Indians, 625.
Conococheague [Cannecochieg, Conegogee],
22, 29, 32, 35, 40. 44, 45, 49, 50, 59,
60, 68, 71, 72, 75, 79, 82-84, 95, 97,
264.
Conococheague [Connigogee] Creek, 24,
130.
Coves, 69.
Cox’s, 653.
Crabtree Bottom, 279.
Craighead, Lt. George, 234, 238.
Craven Street, 480.
Cratvfnrd, Ens. Hugh, 305, 333, 338, 347,
348, 359, 464.
Crawford, Lt. William, 143.
Creeks. Indians. 37.
Cremona. Italy, 40.
Cresan [Cressop], Col. Thomas, 111, 130,
274. 333. 338. 653.
Croghan, George, 390, 462, 485, 571, 574,
603, 604, 621, 623, 640.
Crown Point. 99.
Cumberland, see Fort Cumberland.
Cumberland County. 42.
Cunningham. Capt. James. 295.
Custaloga [Casteogain, Kustologa, etc.],
Delaware Chief. 304. 344. 624. 626.
Custaloga’s Town. 624.
D
Dagworthv, Lt. Col. John, 167, 174, 203,
204, 206, 222, 231. 284, 440. 450, 470,
473, 476, 490, 491, 493, 499, 513, 514,
516-520, 544, 685, 686.
Dagworthy’s Camp, 511; see also Grant’s
Paradise.
Daun, Leopold Josef, Count von, 566.
Davis [Davies], Lt. Michael, 308.
Davison, \^ illiam, 196.
De Haas [Dellaus], Ens. John Philip, 107,
117. 122.
De Haven, Abraham, 276, 278.
De Lancey. Gov. James, 174, 196.
Delaware George, Indian, 639, 640, 642.
Delaware Government, 145; see Low'er
Counties.
Delaware River, 39, 164, 184, 224, 690.
Delawares. Indians, 103, 135, 188. 189, 191,
192, 251, 254, 284, 304, 333, 338, 344,
354, 355, 367, 378, 380, 381, 422, 425,
461, 516, 520, 613, 621, 623-626, 640.
693
Delaware Troops, see Lower County Com-
panies.
Denny, Gov. William. 108, 193, 194, 196,
450, 483, 509, 523; see also Pennsyl-
vania. Governor of.
Detroit. 460. 535.
Detroit Indians, 461.
Dewart, see Fort Dewart.
Diahoga [Diahogo], 189.
Dill. Matthew. 172.
Dmnet, see Dunnet, John.
Dobbs. Gov. Arthur, 103.
Dow. Lt. James, 274, 281, 633.
Drounding Creek, 280, 283, 285, 286, 307,
320. 340, 357.
“Dtichess of Brunswick” [Mrs. Thomas
Gage], 634.
Dudgeon [Dungeon], Capt. Richard, 103,
117, 121, 412, 434, 524, 525, 554, 555,
602.
Dues. . 269.
Dunbar. Col. Thomas, 76.
Duncanson. Lt. James, 554, 555, 567.
Dunlap [Dunlop], James, 212, 215, 218,
224. 344, 367, 378, 380.
Dunnet [Dinnet], John, 508.
Dunning, James, 208, 249, 252, 279, 280
285.
Dunnings. 275. 277. 279.
Dupui’s Blockhouse, 690.
E
Easton [East Town], 189, 383, 461, 462
477, 485, 562, 576, 579, 585, 623; see
also Treaty of Easton.
Edmund’s [Edmond’s] Swamp, 234, 238
243, 248, 252, 255, 271, 275, 111, 285,
311, 312, 341, 343, 349, 357, 360-363,
370, 375-377, 380, 386, 391, 392, 395,
396, 401, 404, 406, 409, 411, 413-415,
427, 430, 431, 434, 442, 453, 463, 590,
683.
Edmund’s Swamp Creek, 236.
Edward’s Fort, 83, 158, 167.
Elisha, John, see Lesher, John.
Elk Run. 279.
Elliot. John. 195.
England, 24, 46, 51, 81, 103, 109, 138, 147,
149, 151-153, 184, 295, 468, 471, 587,
611, 619. 620.
English, 37, 189, 191, 194, 339, 358, 622
624. 626.
English Officers, 533-535.
Enlesses. 279.
Enoch’s. 653.
Erwin [Irwin], James, 498.
Europe, 14, 19, 46, 51, 147, 149, 150, 152,
625, 626.
Evans. Eliazer, 341.
Evans, Lt. John, 8, 139, 536, 609.
Evans, Evan, 2.
Eyre. Maj. William, 309, 375.
F
Fairfa.x, Lord Thomas, 465,
Fay, Nicholas. 170.
Field [Feeld], Capt. John, 53, 173, 316,
341, 349, 359, 360, 373, 400, 414, 430,
431, 479, 557, 675.
Fifteen Mile Creek, 653.
Fisher. W’illiam. 194.
Fleming, Capt. William, 173.
Forbes, Brig. Gen. John, 1, 2, 6, 7, 10,
22-44, 27, 39, 40, 42, 54-56, 64-67, 77,
78, 81, 84, 93, 99, 100, 102-104, 107,
109, 112-116, 120. 125, 129, 131, 132,
134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 147-153, 156,
159, 163, 165, 168-170, 173, 175, 183-
186, 197, 199, 200-202, 205-207, 210-
212, 218, 221, 223-227, 232, 233, 248,
251, 258-260, 263, 264, 266-269, 273-
276, 281, 282, 284, 287, 294, 295, 303,
305-308, 311, 314, 318, 322, 330, 331,
343-346, 348, 351, 354, 366, 368, 369,
371, 373, 375-377, 382, 384-388, 390,
391, 395, 400, 404, 405, 409, 410, 414,
416, 418, 420, 426, 428-430, 435, 439,
441, 443, 446, 447, 449, 458-460, 462,
466, 467, 474-479, 483, 485-490, 495,
496, 504, 505, 509, 511, 513, 522, 524,
527, 532, 535, 538, 540, 542, 549-551,
553, 554, 557, 558, 561-566, 568, 570,
575, 581-584, 586, 587. 590, 591, 597,
598, 600, 603, 604, 606-608, 611, 613,
615, 617-625, 627. 629, 631, 633, 634,
636, 638-640, 642-644, 646-650, 667,
672 , 684, 689.
Ford. . 545.
Fort Allen, 46, 51, 153, 690.
Fort Augusta, 1, 12, 14, 17, 19, 58, 70, 75,
109, 224, 394, 449, 648, 690.
Fort Bedford, 628, 631, 637. 643, 645, 646,
648-651; see also Raystown.
Fort Cumberland [Comberland, Comper-
land], 2, 11. 14, 16, 22, 23, 29, 40, 41,
53, 60-62, 65. 70. 77. 79, 80, 82-84,
87, 94, 97, 100, 109, 111, 112, 133, 134,
138, 140, 141, 143-145, 147-153, 156,
157, 159, 163-165, 167. 169, 170, 173-
182, 184, 199, 200, 202-205, 207, 209,
211-217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 228,
230-233, 248. 250-254, 258, 261, 262,
264, 265, 273, 276-278, 281, 282, 284,
288-293, 296. 298. 300. 311, 313, 315,
318, 323, 325, 328, 331-333, 335, 336,
338, 341, 344, 351, 354-356. 364, 365,
368, 371, 374, 378, 379, 381, 384, 387,
389, 394, 398, 405, 410, 416, 422, 424-
426, 440, 443, 446, 447, 450, 452, 461,
462 , 465 , 470, 473 , 476, 497, 498, 506,
507, 516. 520, 522, 523, 611, 628, 638,
643, 648, 653, 655, 680, 688.
Fort Dew'art [Castle Duart], 400, 409, 412-
414, 427, 434, 442, 464, 467, 495, 524,
525. 542. 687.
Fort Dudgeon, 495, 524, 542, 553, 554.
694
Fort Duquesne, 14, 19, 70, 7S, 93, 9S, 163,
173, 176, 180, 208, 209, 226, 227, 240,
265, 279, 298-301, 303-305, 320, 324-
327, 329, 340, 343, 344, 357, 363, 364,
367, 387, 389, 400, 401, 403, 410, 417,
429, 437, 441, 448, 459, 460, 466, 499,
508, 509, 522, 525-527, 530, 531, 533-
535, 546, 558-560, 563, 564, 597, 602,
607-610, 612, 613, 615, 617, 618, 620,
625, 629, 633, 639; Governor of, 502,
576, 579; see also French Fort.
Fort Edward. 309, 548. 568, 569, 60S.
Fort Frederic [Frederick], 41, 61, 65, 79,
80, 82, 84, 87, 94, 97, 130, 133, 138, 139,
145, 147, 149, 151, 152, 156, 161, 164,
165, 167, 169, 171, 178, 181, 197, 199,
200, 207, 209, 227, 231, 265, 267, 281,
289, 292, 296, 300, 312, 313, 317, 319,
322, 347, 348, 351, 354, 356, 363, 365,
653.
Fort Frontenac [Frontignac, Frontoniack] ,
460, 481,_ 530, 531, 559, 560; ree also
Cataraqui.
Fort Henry, 690.
Fort Hunter, 58 , 69 , 73 , 690.
Fort Le Boeuf. 37.
Fort Ligonier, 596, 602, 617, 628, 629, 635,
636, 639, 641-645, 647-651; also
Loyalhanna.
Fort Littleton [Lyttleton], 1, 5, 11, 13, 14,
16-19, 22-24, 34, 37, 41, 42, 47, 53-55,
60, 66, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 85, 86, 88,
89, 92, 94, 96, 100, 102, 109, 110, 116,
118, 121, 122, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138,
148, 149, 151, 164, 178, 182, 212, 213,
215, 216, 219, 226, 248, 250, 253, 261,
262, 268, 272, 300, 332, 337, 340, 347,
348, 377, 379, 440, 450, 462, 471, 474,
488, 489, 649, 652, 656, 657, 687, 689.
Fort Loudoun [Loudon. Lowdown], 5, 10,
11, 14-16, 19, 22-24, 35, 36. 38, 40-42,
44, 45, 47-50. 52-55. 57, 59-61. 66-68,
71-73, 75, 82-93, 95, 100-102, 107,
110-113. 115, 116, 118, 121, 122, 130,
138, 139, 147-152, 158, 160, 170-172,
178, 181, 182, 185, 196, 201, 209, 225.
226, 228, 232, 256. 272, 281, 300, 316,
317, 331, 333-335, 338, 340, 346, 354,
355, 358, 366-368, 383, 390, 428, 440.
450, 471, 474, 483, 488, 489. 506, 537,
637. 645. 646. 649. 652. 689.
Fort Machault, 624; see also Venango.
Fort Miller. 601. 605, 633.
Fort Presque Isle [Priscile], 34.
Fort Stanwix, 605; see also Oneida Catry-
ing Place.
Fort Ticonderoea or Carillon, 136, 184, 196,
209, 223, 251, 254. 261, 262, 267, 303,
364, 441, 461, 480, 605.
Fort William Henry'. 304. 309.
Fox, Joseph, 470, 473; see Pennsydvania
Commissioners.
Frankstown [Franks Town], 119. 123, 135
136, 141. 143. 213. 216, 219.
Frankstown Road, 332, 337.
Fraser [Frazer, Frazier], John, 169, 174,
261, 262, 270, 299, 305, 426, 443.
Frazer [Fraser], Lt. Col. Simon, 605.
Frederick II, King of Prussia, 186, 549, 566.
Fredericksburg [Fredericksbourg], 60, 61,
79.
French, Capt., Indian, 416, 422, 424, 439.
French [Venango] Creek or Riviere au
Boeuf, 37, 54, 624.
French Fleet, 81. 131, 347, 348.
French Fort, 37, 279, 285, 328, 329,
402, 484, 499, 536, 639; see also Fort
Duquesne.
French men, soldiers, troops, etc., 14, 19,
37, 40, 45, 49, 52, 65, 70, 71, 75, 77,
98, 100, 101, 104, 142, 144, 188, 191,
192, 198, 283, 301, 305, 311, 313, 315,
325, 327, 344, 357. 362, 367, 375, 389,
394, 399, 403, 404, 429, 437, 443, 447,
449, 461, 468, 471, 475 , 480, 481, 504,
511-513, 515-517, 520, 521, 524, 527,
548, 558, 562, 572. 574, 599, 601, 608,
611, 613, 614, 619-626, 640, 642.
French prisoner, 571, 574, 576, 578, 584.
Funk. , 569.
G
Gabarus [Gabarous] Bay, 132.
Gage, Br. Gen. Thomas, 605, 634.
Gage, Mrs. Thomas, see “Duchess of
Brunswick.”
Galbraith [Gailbraith], Joseph, 159.
Galloway [Galway], Joseph, 523; see Penn-
sylvania Commissioners.
Garret. . 261, 262, 287.
George 11, King of England, 46, 51, 99-101,
192, 194, 334, 338, 485, 622, 625.
George’s Creek, 258.
German Flatts. 309.
Germans. 31, 384, 520.
Germantown, 623.
Gishaty, see Kissity.
Gist, Christopher, 10, 15, 164, 178, 181,
205, 211, 214, 217, 258, 354, 356.
Gist’s Plantation, 288, 291, 298, 654,
Gist [Guest], Ens. Thomas, 509.
Glen, lames, 40, 56. 65. 86, 89, 103, 112.
125-127, 129, 131, 137, 163, 164, 168,
177, 183, 205, 206, 210, 214, 217, 219,
225, 250, 253, 259. 266, 289, 293, 305,
308, 322, 344. 379. 381, 384, 441, 453,
474, 475, 486, 488, 489, 506.
Glen. Thomas. 400. 449.
Gooding. Capt. Jacob. 596.
Gordon, Maj. Archibald. 309.
Gordon, Capt. Harry, 2. 13, 18, 45. 47, 50,
51, 67. 72, 101. 115, 118, 122, 129,
140, 142, 146, 156, 157, 172, 178, 182,
201, 213, 216, 248, 251, 259, 487, 488,
529, 537, 539, 543, 550, 551, 5=13, 556
571, 573, 577, 580, 590, 602, 639. 661,
677.
Gordon, Capt. John, 596.
Graham [Grahm], Capt. Gotdon, 309, 375.
695
Grant, Ens. Alexander, 499, 508, 511.
Grant, Lt. James, 307, 318, 499, 562, 570,
573, 575, 578, 582.
Grant, Maj. James, 94, 97, 184-186, 212,
214, 215, 217, 218, 307, 309, 332, 336,
346, 355, 356, 358, 359, 366, 367, 391,
396, 408, 414, 418-421, 423, 424, 427,
429, 434, 436, 438, 440, 441, 444, 445,
448, 449, 453 , 454, 474, 475 , 478, 479,
499, 504, 508, 512-515, 517-519, 522,
524, 526-528, 535, 537, 541, 542, 549,
561, 584, 612.
Grant’s Paradise, 490, 493; see also Dag-
worthy’s Camp.
Graydon [Gradon], Lt. Caleb, 117, 122,
675.
Great Cacapon [Cape Capon], see Cacapon
River.
Great Crossing, see Youghiogheny River,
Great Crossing of.
Great Meadows. 302. 654.
Grenadiers, see British Grenadiers.
H
Haldimand [Haldiman], Col. Frederick,
295, 308, 309. _
Halifax County, Virginia, 164.
Halifax. Nova Scotia, 81, 131.
Halkett, Maj. Francis, 71, 76, 104, 114, 115,
141, 143, 170, 184, 203, 212, 215, 223,
259, 266-268, 294, 295, 305, 307, 308,
311, 312, 322, 330, 335, 346, 358, 359,
385, 428, 429, 489, 627, 629, 647-650.
Haller [Hollar], Ens. Henry, 504, 509, 535.
Hambright, Capt. John, 43, 48, 58, 153,
166. 617.
Hambus, the Delaware, see Ambas.
Hamilton, Lt. Col. Hance, 5, 107, 414, 437,
442, 464, 495, 497, 524, 546, 569, 570,
577, 580, 670, 672, 675, 678.
Hamilton. James. 81.
Hamilton, John, 43, 47, 57, 59.
Hamilton. Capt. Thomas, 35.
Harding [Hardon], Capt. Ralph, 8, 9, 162,
170, 171, 196, 197, 201, 202, 228, 229,
272, 349, 370, 376, 412-414, 532, 596,
645.
Harris. Matthew. 172.
Harris. Thomas. 32.
Harris, . surgeon. 508.
Harris’ Ferry, 1, 12, 13, 17, 18, 58, 71, 75,
108, 690.
Harrison. Ens. , 509.
Hawke, Sir Edward, 81, 347, 348.
Hav, Capt. David, 12, 17, 295, 313, 455,
' 482. 585, 672. 673. 680.
Hav, Lt. James, 234, 238, 427, 453, 455,
509.
Henry. . 79. 170.
Hess [Hesse]. Lt. Emanuel, 8, 103, 117,
121. 371. 374, 529-531.
Heydler [Heidler], Ens. Martin, 12, 17,
117. 122.
Hog’s Road, 234.
Highland Camp, 368, 369.
Highland Regiment [Highlanders], 2, 14,
19, 39, 68, 72, 109, 130, 138, 140,
143, 170, 185, 196, 213, 216, 219, 227,
266, 267, 272, 305, 307, 318, 346, 358,
367, 372, 375, 379, 382, 391, 396, 406,
408, 427, 428, 436, 445 , 477, 493 , 498,
499, 501, 503, 508, 511, 515, 518, 519,
527, 531, 537, 561, 567, 596, 645, 646,
648, 649, 670, 674, 675 , 677-681, 683-
685, 687.
Holms’ [Shawnee] Creek, 237, 243; see also
Shawnee Creek.
Homileys Creek, 236.
Hoops, Adam, 1, 13, 18, 33, 43, 48, 57, 59,
65-67, 84, 87, 92, 95, 97, 102, 103, 105,
106, 113, 115, 125-127, 129, 133, 135,
146, 158, 159, 171, 208, 211, 229, 250,
254, 330, 335, 346, 354, 355, 368, 384,
393, 397, 398, 413, 422, 424, 426, 443,
451, 452 , 462 , 477, 627-629, 645 , 649.
Howe, George Augustus, third Viscount,
174, 196, 209, 258.
Howell, Joshua, 39, 43, 48, 65, 346, 523,
632.
Howell. Peter, 195.
Hubbard. Lt. Edward, 630. 681.
Hughes, Barnabas [Barney], 32.
Hughes. John, 194, 470, 473, 523.
Humphrey, Lt. Samuel. 674.
Hunter, Serg. . 321.
Hunter, Capt. David, 13, 18, 35.
Hunter, Col. John. 211.
Hurons, Indians. 535, 626.
Hutchins, Lt. Thomas, 117, 122, 636, 644.
Hyndshaw [Henshaw], Lt. James, 463.
I
Illinois [Illinoi] River, 383.
Indians, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 36-
39, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 70, 71, 74,
75, 77, 84, 86, 87, 89-93, 98-101, 104,
107, 110, 112, 119, 120, 123-126, 134-
137, 140-142, 148, 149, 159, 164, 165,
167, 171, 173, 175-181, 183, 187-195,
197-199, 203-205, 208-210. 212-215,
217-219, 224, 225, 227, 230, 232, 239,
241, 249-251, 253, 254, 258, 260-263,
265, 269, 270-272, 276, 278, 280, 283,
284, 286, 289, 290, 292, 293, 298, 304,
305, 307, 311, 313, 315, 316, 325, 326,
327, 332, 338, 340, 344, 346-348, 351,
357-359, 362, 363, 367, 375-377, 379,
380, 382, 383, 387, 389, 390, 393, 394,
397, 399, 401, 403, 411, 419, 424-426,
428, 445, 448, 458, 460, 461, 468, 470,
471, 473, 475-477, 480, 481, 485, 486,
490, 491, 493-495, 499, 500, 502, 504,
511-513, 515-520. 524, 526. 527. 530,
531, 536, 538, 544-546, 548, 552-555,
558, 562, 572, 574, 577, 579, 583-585,
588, 589, 600, 603, 604, 607, 608, 610,
612, 619, 622, 624, 627, 636, 639, 640,
644. 656. 664. 667.
696
Indian Conferences, 187-193, 621-626.
Indian goods, 38, 189, 388, 390, 486, 609-
611, 613 , 614, 636, 642, 644, 659, 667,
672 , 683 , 684.
Indian paths, 12, 17, 176, 180, 2S2, 363.
Indian towns, settlements, villages, 190,
206. 283, 562.
Indian traders, 125, 126, 178, 182, 208,
265. 331. 336. 684.
Iroquois Indians, or Si.x Nations, 189, 390,
623, 625, 626; see also Cayugas,
Mohawks, Onedias, Senecas, Tusca-
roras.
Irwin, Robert, 224, 333, 338.
J
Jackson, Capt. Paul, 687.
Jamaica. Governor of, 585.
Jameson, Maj. David. 12, 17, 35, 57, 208,
414, 437, 442 , 467, 525 , 669, 671, 674,
677.
Jenkins, Ens. Edward, 139, 504, 508, 531,
535, 633.
Jocelvn [Joslin, Joslvn], Capt. Thomas,
8, 9, 64, 138, 139, 145, 161, 197, 227,
229, 532, 634, 645._
Johnson [Johnston], Sir William, 39, 367,
390, 621.
Johnston [Johnson], Dr. John, 202, 205,
323. 349.
Jones. Owen. 195.
Juniata [Juniatta, Juniata Camp, Post de
la], 116, 125, 126, 129, 130, 135, 140,
142, 151, 157, 164-166, 185, 213, 216,
219, 272, 332, 337, 340, 355, 356, 537,
652, 658, 677, 681, 684.
Juniata Crossings. 55. 99, 100, 128, 166, 200.
201, 300, 440; Juniata, first Crossing
of [Crossing of Juniata], 22, 60.
Juniata [Juneatta, Juniato, Junietta] River,
11, 12, 17. 22. 23, 68. 69, 73, 77, 85,
88. 116. 121. 234, 243.
K
Kachekacheke, see Kuskuski.
Kelly. Joseph, 274, 340. 374, 387.
Kendall. Benjamin. 195.
Kennedy, Ens. John, 683.
Keowee [Keevee, Kiwee], South Carolina,
52, 334, 339.
Kickenapauling’s [KickneScopolins, Ki-
konev Pawlings, Kittanv Pollans, etc.],
236, 238, 244, 255, 271', 279, 280, 316.
327, 332, 336, 355, 356, 366, 370, 372,
373, 376-378, 380, 381, 391, 392, 395-
397, 404, 406, 408, 409, 411-415, 419,
434, 463, 467, 488, 542.
Kikvuskung [Kukvusennv], Delaware
Chief. 304. 624.'
Kilby, Christopher, Esq.. 106, 112, 113, 523.
King Hagler [Hegler. Higlaar], Catawba
Chief. 550. 563. 566.
King of England, see George II.
King of Prussia, see Erederick II.
Kings, , 545.
King’s Troops, see British Troops.
Kiskiminitas Pass, 391, 395.
Kiskiminitas [Kiskemanitas, Kiskemenitos,
Kiskeminekis, etc.] River, 429, 545,
577, 580, 593, 595, 643; first Branch
of, 236; head Branch of, 237-239, 243;
first Crossing of, 255.
Kissity [Gishaty], Onondago Chief, 241,
339, 354, 355, 448, 451, 648.
Kuskuski [Cachocacheke, Kachekacheke,
etc.], 624, 626.
Kustologa [Kustuloga], see Custaloga.
Kyton’s, 241.
L
Lsicc Eri0 34
Lake George, 184, 186, 223, 309, 375, 390.
Lake Ontario, 209.
Lancaster, 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 21,
23, 27, 30, 39, 44. 48, 55, 56, 58, 63,
67, 71, 72, 75, 77, 81, 107-109, 131,
153, 164, 170, 172, 384, 395, 399, 528-
531, 557, 561, 565, 569, 628-630, 634,
637, 649.
Lancaster County, 13, 18, 26, 27, 42, 47,
66, 105, 394, 395, 398, 399.
Lander [Launder], Capt. Francis, 8, 9,
170, 504, 508, 532, 615, 645.
Lattimore, George, 347, 348.
Laughrey [Lauchry'], Lt. James, 546.
Laurel [Lawrell, Lorrel] Hill, Mountain, or
Ridge, or Spanish Oak Ridge, 70, 74,
118, 123, 136, 164, 175, 176, 178-180,
207-209, 218, 219, 234-236, 238, 240,
244, 248, 251, 252, 255, 264, 265, 268,
271, 272, 275, 277, 280, 283, 286, 305,
311, 313, 320, 327, 331, 336, 341, 344,
345, 357, 360, 366, 370, 376, 378, 380,
386, 391, 395, 401, 406, 408, 409, 412,
414, 419, 421, 423, 426, 427, 429, 433-
435, 445, 454, 455, 461, 462, 487, 491,
492, 494, 536, 537, 550, 551, 553-555,
563, 566, 570, 571, 573, 575, 576, 578,
579, 583, 584, 590, 591, 650, 651; Gap
of, 453-455.
Laurel Run, 238, 240, 245, 279.
Laurel [Lawrel] Swamp. 386.
Laviston, Mary, 171.
Lesher [Elisha, Lisha], John, 90, 106, 133.
Levis [Levy], Gen. Francois Gaston, 304.
Lewis, Maj. Andrew. 24. 36, 61, 174, 183,
223, 323, 331, 336, 341, 349, 362, 365,
373, 391, 395, 412, 414, 434, 438, 500-
504, 513, 515, 518, 519, 527, 528, 535.
Lew’is, Jacob. 604.
Licking Creek, 327.
Lightfoot, Thomas, 195.
Lightfnot, William, 194.
Ligneris [ Desligneris, Lignery], Francois
Le Marchand, Sieur de, 502, 521, 526,
533-535. 539, 541, 563, 576, 579. 610,
624, 626.
697
Little Carpenter, 11, 16, 112, 164, 165, 178,
181, 199, 200, 205, 230, 550, 562, 563,
566, 583-586, 604.
Little Meadows, 77, 302, 654.
Littleton, see Fort Littleton.
Little, William, 172.
Livingston, Maj. James, 269, 274.
Lloyd, Lt. Col. Thomas, 107-109, 130, 139,
438, 543, 545, 552, 663, 664, 670, 671,
675, 677, 679, 680.
Logstown [Loggs town], 104, 636.
Lomax, Lt. John Edward. 596.
London, 344.
Long, , 365.
Loudoun, see Fort Loudoun.
Loudoun, John Campbell, Earl of, 85, 88.
Louisburg [Louisburgh], 81, 99, 131, 132,
163, 184, 186, 225, 231, 258, 347, 348,
351, 364, 375, 404, 429, 441, 448, 459,
461, 466, 479, 480, 523, 619, 620, 685.
Louisiana, 613.
Lower Counties. Delaware, 107, 138, 145,
164, 392, 396, 408, 409, 414, 470, 473,
474, 490, 493, 584, 596, 680, 685.
Lower County Companies, 509, 567, 596,
674, 684, 687.
Lowry, , 261, 262.
Lovalhanna fLoval hannon, Loval Hannv,
etc.], 238, 248, 252, 271, 275, 277, 280,
283, 285, 288, 291, 299, 302, 311, 312,
320, 325, 327, 330-333, 335-338, 340,
344, 350-353. 365-367, 374-376, 378,
380, 381, 391-401, 404, 406-409. 414,
417-421, 423. 424, 426, 427, 429, 430,
433, 437, 438, 440, 444, 445, 448-450,
453, 455, 458, 459, 478, 482, 483, 487,
489, 492, 495-500, 506, 5]0, 513 517
522, 525-529, 531-533, 535-540, 543,
545, 550-553, 556-560, 562, 565, 566,
568-570. 572. 575, 577, 578, 581-583,
585, 587, 588, 591, 596, 597, 602-604,
609, 610, 613, 615, 617, 640, 689;
also Fort Ligonier.
Lovalhanna TLovalhaning. Loval hannon]
Creek. 279, '324, 341, 349, 362, 401,
455, 580.
Lvon. Lt. William, 117, 122, 129, 156, 157,
412 , 661, 662, 672 , 676.
M
McBean [McBane]. Lt. Alexander, 309.
McClughan [McClaggan, McLaughlin],
Capt. John. 164, 341, 414, 430, 431,
479, 675.
McConnell, Neal, 261, 262. 283.
McCotter, John, 385. 423, 425.
McCra, Lt. . 509.
McCullough. John, 160.
McDonald, Lt. , 508.
McDonald, Lt. Alexander, Sr.. 502-504, 508.
FLcDonald, Ens. John. 504, 508, 535.
McDonald. Capt. William, 503, 504, 508,
515, 519.
McGrew, Capt. Archibald, 35.
McKee, Lt. Alexander, 427.
McKee, Capt. Thomas, 110.
McKenzie, Lt. , 502, 504.
McKenzie, Lt. Alexander, 504, 508.
McKenzie [McKinscy, McKensie], Capt.
Alexander, 164, 196, 372.
McKenzie, Capt. Hugh, 503, 508, 515, 519,
535.
McKenzie [McKinzie], Capt. Robert, 284,
364, 388, 389, 417.
McKenzie, Lt. William, 504, 508.
McKnight, Capt. John, 42, 47, 524, 679.
MacLean [McClean], Lt. Allan, 309.
MacLean [McClain, McLean], Sir Allan,
11, 16, 24, 39, 42, 44, 48, 56, 63, 81,
107, 109, 212, 213, 215, 216, 219, 323,
359, 360, 372, 373, 376, 391, 395.
MacLeane [McLean], Dr. Lauchlin, 305,
368-370, 587.
McNeil [McNeel], Capt. John, 24, 62, 284.
McPherson [McPhearson], Capt. Robert,
35, 632.
McSwane, George, 111.
Malcolm [Malcomb], John, 633.
Marlborough, Charles Spencer, third Duke
of, 186.
Marvland, 24. 36, 42, 47, 60-62, 82, 83, 95,
97, 106, 133, 145, 167, 168, 227, 288,
292, 300, 365, 367, 476, 507, 511, 577,
653, 670, 673-675, 680.
Maryland Militia, 447, 462 , 475 , 516, 520.
Maryland Rangers, 450.
Marvland Troops, companies, soldiers, etc.,
62. 79, 80, 85, 88, 112, 134, 147, 149,
151, 152, 156, 158, 169, 174, 184, 223,
274, 281, 312, 313, 318, 331, 336, 389,
404, 440, 451, 470, 474, 478, 509, 515,
518, 519, 545, 554, 555, 567, 572, 574,
580, 596, 648, 670, 672, 674, 677, 679,
682, 683-685. 687.
Marvland Volunteers, 378. 381, 419, 422,
425, 491, 494, 544. 571, 573, 679.
Massey, Maj. Eyre, 308, 309.
Mather, Capt. Richard, 633.
Matthews, Ens. Edmund, 165.
Matthews, Lt. Thomas, 478, 567.
Maxwell, ■, 37.
May, Martha, 30.
Mayer, Serg. , 12, 17,
Mercer, Lt. Col. George, 24, 61, 79, 84, 87,
173, 174, 184, 202-206, 222 , 231, 281.
Mercer, Col. Hugh, 34, 116, 129, 477, 488,
496, 498, 505-507, 522, 557, 586, 590,
598, 600, 618, 635, 636, 639-642, 657,
658, 661-664, 670, 677, 686.
Mexico, 613.
Middleton, Dr. Peter, 223.
Miles, Lt. Samuel, 139.
Miller, William, 46, 51.
Milne, Dr. James, 139.
Mississippi River, 614.
Mohawk River, 304, 351, 548, 605.
698
Mohawks, Indians, 367.
Mohicans [Mohiccons], Indians, 191.
Monckton, Col. Robert, 131.
Monin, Serg. , 309.
Monongahela [Mononghehela, Monongue-
hela] River, 93, 96, 299, 315, 325, 326,
328, 331, 335, 344, 402, 403, 451, 476,
503, 561, 565, 571, 573, 576, 578, 581,
582, 584, 642-644.
Monro [Munroc], Capt. George, 504, 508,
515, 519.
Monro, Lt. Henr}-, 508.
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de, 461,
559, 560.
Montgomery [Montgomrie], Col. Archi-
bald, 39, 56, 63, 64, 81, 163, 164, 168,
186, 282, 305, 309, 332, 336, 367, 549,
585, 590, 600, 603, 604, 607, 637.
Montisambert, Monsieur de, 624.
Montour, Andrew, sometimes called Henrv,
390, 621.
Montreal, 461, 530, 531, 533, 534.
Moore, Samuel Preston, 195.
Morgan, Capt. Jacob, 165, 166, 200, 201,
657.
Morgan, John, 568.
Morris, Anthony, 194.
Morris, Joseph, 195.
Morton, Serg. George, 65, 322.
Mouncey, , 676.
Munster, Maj. Herbert, 308, 309, 375.
Murray, Capt. James, 481.
Myer, Lt. Elias, 633.
Myres, , 240.
N
Nailor, James, 111.
Naple, Indian, 624.
Nelson, John, 9.
Nelson, Joseph, 279, 294.
Nelson. Capt. Samuel, 690.
Nenatchikent. Indian, 624.
Newcomer [Newcoma], or Neucheconno,
Shawnee Chief, 304, 344.
Newhouse, John, 170.
New Jersey, 383.
New York, 2, 81, 106, 109, 196, 223, 267,
561, 601, 605, 633.
Nichas [Nickas], or Karaghialalie, Mohawk
Chief, 289, 292, 333, 338, 347, 348, 359.
Nichols fNicolsl, , 105, 134.
Norris, Charles. 194.
Norris, Isaac, 470, 473, 523.
North Carolina, see Carolina.
North Carolina Camp, 676.
North Carolina, Governor of, see Dobbs,
Gov. Arthur.
North Carolina Provincials, 130.
North Carolina Rangers, 470, 473.
North Carolina Regiment, companies, sol-
diers, troops, etc., 133, 140, 143, 209,
210, 256, 289, 292, 312, 313, 331, 336,
450, 470. 474, 493, 567, 596, 670, 672-
675, 677, 679, 680, 683, 685, 687.
North, Capt. George, 587.
North Mountains, 428.
North River, 389.
Nottaways fNantawavs, Nattaways], In-
dians, 164, 214, 217, 416, 516, 520.
O
Ohio Company, 298.
Ohio Indians, 198, 486, 562.
Ohio River or Belle Riviere, valley, and
region, 63, 101, 103, 104, 119, 123,
135, 141, 143, 176, 180, 188, 190, 192,
198, 206, 208, 212, 213, 215, 216, 224,
232, 248, 251, 254, 261, 262, 264, 265,
275, 277, 282, 298, 315, 325, 326, 330,
335, 344, 352, 383, 389, 429, 437, 442,
443, 447, 451, 460, 461, 468, 471, 491,
494, 516, 520, 536, 565, 570, 572-580,
582, 593, 595, 598, 600, 604, 608, 610,
612-614, 629.
Old Town, 234, 236, 237, 243, 255.
Old Town Creek, 167, 653.
Old Town, Maryland, 111, 319.
Old Trading Path, 294, 325, 328, 401-403,
452, 565, 570, 571, 573, 575, 578.
Oneida [Oneyda, Onida] Carrying Place,
304, 309, 351, 390; see also Fort
Stanwix.
Oneidas [Onnoyotes], Indians, 625.
Onondaga [Onondago], 189.
Onontio [Onnontiol, Indian term for Gov-
ernor of Canada, 626.
Orndt [Ormb], Maj. Jacob, 153, 184, 564,
670, 690.
Oswego, 309, 481.
Ott, Serg. , 8.
Ourrv, Lt. Lewis, 9, 10, 15, 59. 81, 91,
iOl, 111, 115, 160, 170, 171, 173, 183,
196, 197, 200-202, 228, 229, 256, 257,
272, 316-318, 340, 346-348, 358, 359,
489, 565, 572, 574, 577, 628, 631, 635,
637-639, 641, 645, 646, 650.
Owens [Ohins], John, 261, 262.
P
Paine [Pavne], Capt. John, 596, 630, 675,
676, 685.
Patterson, Capt. James, 235, 240, 241, 246,
249, 252, 277, 285, 331, 332, 336, 337,
385, 524, 577, 580.
Patterson, Lt. William, 321, 324, 325, 327,
357, 362.
Paw’lins [Paulings, Paulins, Pawlens],
Henr>% 29, 41, 84, 87, 151, 300, 412,
653.
Paxinosa [Packsinosa], Shawnee Chief,
191, 192.
Peachy, Maj. William, 258, 270, 274.
Pearis [Paris, Parrisl, Capt. Richard, 171,
178, 181, 199, 200, 214, 217, 219, 378,
381, 437, 638, 648.
Pearsall, Toh, 83, 157, 158, 167, 289, 292,
323, 365, 388, 405.
Pemberton, Israel, 194, 198, 523.
699
Pemberton, James, 194.
Pemberton, John, 194.
Penn, William, 188.
Pennsylvania [Pensilvania, etc.], 60, 61, 67,
85, 87, 188, 193, 194, 222, 250, 253,
254, 281, 310, 316, 331, 383, 390, 393,
398, 422, 424, 449, 490, 515, 523, 536,
572, 574, 576, 579, 610, 623, 633, 657,
670, 671, 676.
Pennsylvania Artiller\% 185, 226, 250, 254,
272, 322, 377, 379, 381, 392, 396, 406,
407, 409, 412, 414, 417, 419, 423, 425,
426, 433-438, 443, 448, 450, 453, 479,
491, 494, 498, 505, 506, 510, 542, 544,
550, 557, 559-561, 567, 571, 574, 583,
585, 590, 627, 678.
Pennsylvania Assembly, 469, 473, 489, 523,
611, 648.
Pennsylvania or Provincial Commissioners,
1, 208.
Pennsylvania Currency, 28, 117, 122, 661.
Pennsylvania Forts, 36.
Pennsylvania, Governor of, 12, 17, 31, 39,
63, 90, 187, 190, 191, 195, 198, 212,
215, 218, 314, 378, 380, 383, 395, 428,
450, 469, 473, 516, 520, 523, 585, 633;
see also Denny, Gov. William.
Pennsylvania Light-horse Troop, 438, 675,
686.
Pennsylvania Regiment, soldiers, troops,
etc., 7, 12, 14, 17, 18, 21, 23, 46, 50, 53,
58, 136, 140, 142, 147-150, 152, 164,
183, 185, 196, 218, 219, 227, 256, 264,
267, 281, 298, 336, 404, 440, 479, 490,
493, 503, 511, 518, 519, 527, 646, 649,
659, 670, 672, 675, 678, 683, 684, 689,
690; battalions, 56, 67, 72, 177, 181,
212, 213, 215, 216, 249, 252, 289, 292,
321, 376; First Battalion or Regiment,
240, 250, 254, 331, 336, 350, 366, 407,
409, 414. 431, 436, 450, 498, 543, 554,
555, 567, 617, 670, 673-675, 678, 679,
681, 684, 687; Second Battalion or
Regiment, 321, 391, 396, 408, 455, 509,
526, 543, 567, 617, 670, 671, 673-675,
679, 681, 689; Third Battalion, 321,
670, 671, 674, 675, 677, 679, 680, 685,
687, 688.
Pennsvlvania Rangers, 56, 107, 212, 215,
218.
Pennsylvania Road, 178, 181.
Pennsylvania traders, 298, 623, 625.
Peters. Richard, 13, 18, 31, 197, 199.
Philadelphia, 1, 2, 6-8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 24,
36, 39, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 56, 61,
63, 64, 66. 70, 71, 74. 75, 81, 83, 86,
89, 90, 91, 103-105, 107, 108, 112, 125,
126, 135, 153, 186, 187, 191, 193, 194,
197, 199, 208, 224, 232, 266, 295, 304,
334, 339, 371, 390, 394, 398, 399, 411,
425, 470, 473, 484, 486, 488, 489, 523,
550, 557, 581, 582, 605, 619, 620, 622,
624, 633, 634, 690.
Philadelphia County, 395.
Philadelphia Currency, 177, 181, 269.
Phillips [Phylips], Lt. Ralph, 8, 506, 532,
609.
Pisquetomen [Pisquamin, Pisquitomin],
Delaware warrior, 304, 344.
Pitcher, James, 57.
Pitt, Prime Minister William, 601.
Pittsborough, name applied for a short time
to Loyalhanna, 598, 600.
Pittsburgh [Pitsbourg, Pittsborough, etc.],
603, 612, 613, 617, 618, 624, 627, 635,
639, 642, 644, 651, 652.
Po River, Italy, 40.
Pollack [Pollock], Ens. James, 546.
Portland, William Henry Cavendish Ben-
tinck, third Duke of, 618.
Posey [Possey, Posy], Capt. John, 350,
412, 414, 479, 674.
Post, Christian Frederick, 344, 371.
Potomac [Patomack, Pattomack, Poto-
mack, etc.] River, 40, 41, 77, 84, 87,
331, 335, 653, 688; South Branch, 60,
61, 157, 158, 233, 273, 476, 636.
Potter, Lt. James, 117, 122, 463, 464, 656.
Potts, Lt. William, 308.
Price, Capt. Thomas, 63.
Proby, Maj. James, 295.
Prather [Pratter], Lt. Henry, 567.
Presque Isle [PresquTsle, Priscile, etc.],
52, 610, 640, 642.
Prevost, Br. Gen. James, 295, 569, 605,
634.
Prince William County, Virginia, 83.
Provincial officers, 212, 215, 408, 450.
Provincials, soldiers, troops, etc., 1, 7, 12,
14. 17-19, 39, 42, 45, 47, 50, 56, 65,
103, 104, 109, 120, 124, 141, 143, 161,
164, 177, 181, 185, 186, 208, 219, 221,
224, 225, 230, 266, 267, 295, 309, 317,
382, 384, 393, 394, 397, 398, 436, 458,
462, 477, 480, 516, 521, 548, 585, 644,
670, 686.
Putnam [Putman], Maj. Israel, 480.
Q
Quakers [Coakers], 195, 198, 383, 626.
Quemahoning [Quemehony, Quimahone,
etc.] Creek. 235, 236, 239-241, 245,
324, 326, 362, 401, 403, 455, 551, 570,
573, 575, 578, 650, 651.
Quemahony [Queemahony, Quemahone,
etc.]. Camp at, 386, 427, 430, 431, 436,
438, 445 , 448, 453 , 460, 463 , 464, 479,
490, 492.
Quemahony Road, 246.
Quicksell [Quicsil, Quicksil], Ens. Joseph,
524, 564, 689.
700
R
Ralfe [Ralp, Ralph], Lt. James, 308, 633.
Rangers, Ranging Companies, see Mary-
land, Pennsylvania, Rogers’, and Vir-
ginia Rangers.
Rawb, James, 172.
Ray, Lt. Joseph, 139, 349, 574, 577, 580.
Raystown, Raystown Camp [Raes Town,
Rays Town, Reas Town, etc.], 10-13,
15-18, 21-24, 26, 28, 32, 42. 46, 47,
50, 58, 60-63, 69-71, 73-75, 77, 84, 87,
94. 97. 99, 103, 112, 113, 117-119, 122,
123, 125-127, 129, 130, 133-135, 140,
142, 145-152, 156, 158-160, 163-165,
167-171, 173-175, 178, 179, 181-183,
185, 186, 199-201, 203-205, 207-212,
214, 215, 218, 220, 221, 223, 224, 226-
234, 236, 243, 245, 248, 251, 255, 256,
259-261, 263-268, 270, 272-277, 279-
281, 283, 285, 287, 290, 294, 295, 298,
300, 301, 307, 308, 311, 312, 314-316,
319, 320, 322, 324, 327-330, 335, 340,
342-350, 352-355, 357, 365-371, 373,
374, 377, 379, 384, 385, 388, 390, 391,
394, 395, 398, 400, 404, 406, 408, 410-
418, 420, 423, 425, 431, 433-435, 437-
440, 442 , 444-446, 449, 452 , 458, 459,
461, 464, 467, 474, 475 , 482 , 484, 486,
488-490, 493, 495-498, 505, 506, 510,
511, 514, 516, 518, 520. 522, 525, 527,
532, 535, 539, 542, 543, 546, 549-551,
555, 557, 561, 563, 566, 568, 572, 576,
579, 580, 582-584, 587, 611, 628-6n,
648, 656, 658-673, 675-689; see also
Fort Bedford.
Raystown [Rays Town, Reas Town] Road,
61, 274, 299, 319.
Read, Adam, 90, 91.
Reading, 46, 50, 66, 90, 91.
Redd, George, 4.
Redstone [Red Stone] Creek, 476.
Reynolds, Lt. William, 320, 321, 340, 357,
' 509.
Rhor [Rohr], Ens. Charles, 275, 277, 288,
290, 291, 294, 360, 366, 372, 376, 378,
380, 386, 391, 396, 407, 412, 418-420,
423, 427, 430, 438, 439, 444, 450, 461,
478, 479. 490, 493. 502, 503, 508, 537.
Richardson, Francis, 195.
Rider [Ryder], Lt. William, 504, 508, 531,
535.
Rilev fRilv], Lt. James, 509, 572, 574,
'577, 580.
Riviere au Boeuf, 624; see also French
Creek.
Roan, Stuart, 557.
Roberdeau, Daniel, 195.
Robertson [Robinson], Mai. James, 548.
Robinson, Lt. Archibald, 502, 508.
Rocheblave, Monsieur de, 533, 534, 540,
541.
Rogers [Rodgers], Maj. Robert, 136, 429,
480, 481.
Rogers’ Rangers, 480.
Ross, Dr. David, 79, 85, 88, 112, 141, 143,
300.
Ross, George, 90.
Royal American or 60th Regiment [Royal
Americans, R. A., R. A. R.], 2, 11,
16, 39, 44, 46, 48, 50, 86, 89, 94, 96,
114, 130, 139, 140, 143, 171, 219, 227,
272 , 317, 350, 375 , 391, 396, 406, 408,
427, 436, 445, 480, 501-504, 508, 515,
518, 519, 525-527, 531, 572, 574, 577,
580, 596, 601, 619, 620, 631, 632, 645,
649, 670. 674-680; First Battalion, 587;
Fourth Battalion, 309, 569.
Royal [First or King’s Royal] Regiment,
see British Regiments.
Russell, Dr. William, 308.
Rutherford, Thomas, 629.
S
Sackville, Viscount George, 186.
Saint Clair, Lt. Col. Sir John, 2, 6, 11, 12,
14-17, 19, 22, 29, 32, 35, 36, 39-42,
45, 47, 50, 60, 65, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76,
78, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 102-104, 106,
109-112, 115, 116, 125, 126, 129-133,
135, 138, 140, 143, 145, 147, 150, 153-
158, 161, 164, 170, 171, 178, 187, 201,
202, 207-209, 220, 225, 228, 229, 231,
233, 264-267, 281, 284, 288, 291, 295,
305, 311-313, 317, 319-322, 324, 331,
336, 340, 343, 344, 350, 354, 356, 357,
359-361, 365-367, 370, 372-374, 376,
377, 384, 386, 390, 391, 394, 395, 398,
400, 408-417, 419, 420, 423 , 426, 427,
430-440, 442, 445, 446, 449, 453, 454,
460, 463 , 464, 467, 469, 472 , 474, 475,
477, 488, 489, 496, 505, 523, 538, 557,
561, 598, 600, 627, 629, 630, 638, 645,
650, 653, 669.
Saint Lawrence [Laurence] River, 441,
461, 462, 549.
Salt Lick, 302, 320, 340. 374, 378, 380,
387, 446, 450, 452, 470, 473, 476.
Salt Lick Creek, 440.
Saltzgeber, George, 196, 202.
Saratoga, 601.
Savage River, 270, 654.
Say, Thomas, 195.
Schenectady. 605.
Schlosser [Sloosser, Slosser, etc.], Capt.
John, 309, 601, 605, 633.
Schuylkill [Schuilkilll River. 6^0.
Scot, Serg. , 389, 417, 466.
Scotland, 368.
Senecas, Indians, 65, 104, 198.
Shades of Death, 341, 349, 361, 373, 391,
396.
Shamokin, 189, 422, 425.
Shannopin’s [Shanawpin’s] Town, 328, 329.
Sharp. Capt. James, 130, 317, 318, 346-348,
440.
701
Sharpe, Gov. and Lt. Col. Horatio, 29, 32,
35, 41, 45, 50, 60, 61, 65, 82, 84, 85,
87, 88, 95, 97, 111, 112, 138, 139, 145,
158, 167, 207, 210, 267, 312, 313, 363,
384, 405 , 410, 411, 440, 450, 461, 475,
522, 649.
Shaw, Lt. , 52.
Shawnee [Shawanese, Shawny Cabben]
Creek, 236, 237; see also Holms’
Creek.
Shawnee Cabins [Shawana Cabins,
Shawanese Cabins, Shawny Cabbins,
etc.], 234, 236, 237, 244, 255, 323, 359,
373, 377, 380, 401, 412, 434, 488, 585,
651, 682, 688.
Shawnees [Chavenons, Shawanese], In-
dians, 65, 76, 191, 284, 354, 355, 516,
520, 626.
Shelby [Shelly, Shilby], Capt. Evan, 111,
317, 408, 448, 450, 451, 488, 512, 543,
551, 571, 573, 575, 576, 578, 581, 582,
584, 653.
Shellman [Shelman], John, 317, 411, 413.
Sherman’s Valley, 69, 73.
Shew, see Chew, Colby.
Shingle clamiische [Shingalamuch, Single
clamouche, etc.], see Chinklacamoose.
Shippen, Edward, 13, 18, 26, 27, 30, 31,
63, 64, 527, 528.
Shippen, Maj. Joseph, 7, 39, 58, 68, 72,
257, 527, 528, 617, 639, 673.
Shippensburg [Shypies Burg], 1, 5, 11-14,
16-19, 22, 34. 41, 42, 47, 58, 60, 66,
68-75, 84, 87, 100, 108, 130, 139, 185,
224, 230, 272, 300, 366, 375, 377, 379,
382, 385, 394, 398, 404, 410, 428, 439,
447, 460, 477, 652, 653, 689.
Shoemaker, Jacob, 194.
Sideling [Sidleing] Creek, 653.
Sideling [Seydeling] Hill, 69, 73, 105, 130,
287, 291, 329, 332, 337, 412, 658.
Sinclair [St. Clair], Capt. James, 187, 221,
224, 225, 227, 230, 373, 381, 384, 394,
398, 413, 482, 483, 491, 494, 496-498,
506, 507, 510, 522, 532, 533, 539, 552,
557, 561, 563, 564, 568, 583, 644, 649,
650, 679, 681.
Six Nations, see Iroquois Indians.
Skuroskee, Indian, 315.
Sleepy Creek Mountain, 653.
Smith, John, 211.
Smith, Richard, 38, 125, 127.
Smiths Run, 286.
Smoky Island, 613.
South Carolina, 56.
Southern Indians, 299.
Southern Provinces, 483.
Spanish Oak Ridge, see Laurel Hill.
Stalnaker [Stalnakin], Capt. Samuel, 274,
342.
Stanwix, Br. Gen. John, 163, 174, 196, 209,
229, 304, 309, 310, 351, 481, 548, 601,
605, 606, 609, 633, 634.
Starrat, , 261, 262.
Stephen [Stephens, Stevens], Lt. Col.
Adam, 22, 29, 32, 37, 41, 42, 47, 52-
54, 59, 258, 273, 316, 319, 320, 331,
336, 340, 341, 349, 350, 357, 359, 360-
364, 366, 370, 373, 376, 386, 387, 391,
395, 407, 410, 412, 414, 415, 419, 430,
433-436, 438, 439, 449, 454, 474, 475,
496, 511-513, 516, 518, 520, 526, 536-
538, 618, 654, 658, 660-662, 664, 665,
674.
Stephen’s Spring, 373, 400.
Stevenson, George, 7, 13, 18, 27, 29, 46,
50, 57.
Stewart, Dr. Allan, 368.
Stewart, Col. David, 226.
Stewart [Stuart], Capt. Robert, 157, 250,
253, 351, 364, 365, 369, 430, 431, 586,
659, 661-663.
Stoddart’s Fort, 653.
Stony [Stonev] Creek or Run, 234, 236,
238, 244,'253, 279, 286, 386, 412, 413,
430, 431, 488, 489, 492, 495, 498, 510,
524, 539, 542, 551-555, 557, 558, 560,
561, 563-565, 567, 583, 584, 590, 591,
647, 648, 650, 651.
Strand, London, 480.
Stuart, Capt. Walter, 509.
Stuart [Stewart], Capt. William, 117, 122,
634.
Susquehanna River, 39, 69, 70, 73, 75, 103,
136, 164, 184, 224, 394, 398, 449, 469,
472; North Branch, 135; West Branch,
135, 429.
Swan, , 678.
Swatara [Swetara] Creek, 690.
T
Teaffe’s [Taffe’s, Teave’s] Ferry, 13, 18,
58.
Teeat’s or Deed’s Blockhouse, 690.
Tedyuskung or Teedyuscung, 187-194, 197,
198; son of, 378, 380.
Tennessee [Tanasa] River, 98.
Thompson, Lt. Nathaniel, 321, 362, 363,
372.
Thompson [Thomson], Dr. Robert, 569.
Thompson [Tomson], Capt. William, 449,
617.
Thomson, Charles, 195.
Three Mile Run, 329.
Ticonderoga [Tienderoga], see Fort Ticon-
deroga.
Tomahawk [Tomhack] Camp, 647.
Town Creek, see Old Town Creek.
Treaty [Congress] of Easton, 194, 198, 461,
491, 494, 538, 599, 601, 608, 611, 623;
see also Easton.
Trent, Capt. William, 36, 38, 44, 49, 52,
54, 55, 71, 75, 92, 110, 411, 546, 565.
702
Trotter, Benjamin, 19S.
Tulleken, Maj. John, 308-310, 406, 480,
548, 549, 605, 606, 609, 633, 635.
Turkeyfoot or the three forks of the
Youghiogheny River, 235.
Turtle Creek, 325, 327, 328, 546, 604.
Tuscaroras, Indians, 164, 205, 210, 214,
217, 354, 356, 416, 516, 520.
Tuscarora Mountain, 69, 73.
Two Licks, 327-329.
U
Unamies, Indians, 191.
V
Vaudreuil, Pierre-Frangois de Rigaud, Mar-
quis de, 624, 626.
Vaughan, Serg. William, 401.
Venango [Vinango, Wenango], 44, 49, 136,
305, 332, 337, 429, 523, 610, 639, 640,
642; see also Fort Machault.
Venango [Venongo] Creek, see French
Creek.
Vernon, Richard, 211, 233, 234.
Vienna, 186.
Virginia, 1, 12, 14, 18, 24, 39, 70, 71, 74,
75, 81, 95, 97, 103, 106, 125, 127, 131,
136, 160, 175, 179, 211, 228, 249, 250,
252-254, 264, 267, 288, 292, 295, 300,
311, 313, 316, 331, 332, 337, 344, 392,
396, 405, 424, 434, 443, 446, 447, 449,
450, 491, 494, 507, 523, 528, 539, 554,
555, 610, 629, 650, 653, 659, 672.
Virginia Camp, 658.
Virginia, Governor of, 168, 176, 180, 540,
585.
Virginia Light-horse Troop, 80, 84, 87, 153,
369.
Virginia Officers, 272.
Virginia Regiments, companies, soldiers,
troops, etc., 6, 11, 16, 29, 37, 39, 42,
44, 47, 49, 60, 67, 72, 80, 83-89, 109,
130, 140-144, 147, 149, 150, 152, 167,
174, 177, 181, 199, 200, 225, 227, 233,
240, 256, 270, 272, 283, 298, 321, 331,
336, 341, 354, 356, 362, 363, 366, 369,
376, 414, 422, 424, 434, 436, 438, 440,
443, 446, 459, 461, 477, 490, 493, 496,
501-503, 515, 518, 519, 522, 523, 567,
584, 585, 615, 661, 663, 670, 671, 674,
675; First Virginia Regiment, 157, 234,
284, 362, 387, 388, 509, 526, 567, 596,
628; Second Virginia Regiment, 22,
157, 204, 281, 284, 387, 593, 594;
workers’ and artificers’ companies, 157,
249, 252, 331, 408.
Virginia Rangers. 84, 87.
Vitrie, Monsieur de, 558.
"W
Wabash, Indians, 354, 356.
Wabash River. 383.
Waddell [Waddel, Waddle], Mai. Hugh,
256, 570, 573, 575, 578, 630, 671, 672,
676, 678, 679, 681, 683, 685.
Waggener, Capt. Thomas, 284, 323, 635,
636.
Wahatche [Wahutchv, V ohatchee], Chero-
kee Chief, 10, IS, 52, 54.
Walker, lohn, 61, 62, 76, 78, 169, 174, 261,
262.'
Walker, Capt. Richard, 44, 49, 65. 596.
Walker, Dr. Thomas, 6, 61, 67, 72, 79, 84,
87, 109, 130, 134, 141, 144, 157, 158,
167, 174, 233, 323, 351, 365, 388, 394,
398, 444, 465.
Wallace, Hugh. 601, 632, 639.
Ward, Capt. Edward, 141, 143, 178, 182,
200, 207, 234, 237, 241, 243, 246, 248,
249, 251, 252, 255, 265, 287, 291, 509,
546, 635. _
Warder, Jeremiah, 195.
Ware [Wire], Capt. Francis, 511.
Warriors Path, 236, 239, 245.
Washington, Col. George, 2, 11, 16, 22, 36,
42 , 47, 60-62 , 70, 77, 79, 83 , 84, 86,
87, 89, 134, 138, 145, 147, 149, 151,
152, 156, 157, 159, 160, 167-169, 173-
176, 180, 183, 202-205, 207, 221, 223,
228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 258, 259, 263,
268-270, 273-278, 281, 284, 285, 288,
291, 298, 303, 314-316, 318, 319, 323,
324, 332, 336, 337, 343, 344, 350, 351,
364-367, 374, 375, 378, 380, 387-391,
396, 404, 405, 408, 410, 411, 416, 417,
422, 425, 443, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452,
453, 462, 465, 466, 470, 473, 475, 477,
478, 498, 516, 520, 522, 523, 536, 538,
561, 566, 586, 588-591, 597, 598, 600,
603, 615.
Washington’s Regiment, companies, etc.,
16. 22. 42, 47, 61. 62, 70, 77. 79, 84, 87.
173, 391, 396, 408.
Weaver, Jacob, 3, 4.
Webb, Maj. Gen. Daniel, 304.
Weiser, Col. Conrad, 4, 33, 90, 91, 133.
Weiser, Capt. Samuel, 91, 166.
Wells, Mai. Richard, 256, 272, 347, 348,
646, 673, 677-682, 685-688.
West, Francis, 4, 5, 14, 19.
West, Mai. George, 309.
Western Indians, 562, 613, 624.
Wetherholt [Weatherhold. Wetterholt],
Capt. John Nicholas, 321, 463, 525.
Wheeler, Serg. •. 321.
White, William, 271, 275, 277, 286, 311,
313, 320, 448.
Wilkie rWilke}^, Ens. Andrew, 321.
Willemighihink [ Wellmeghvhunk] or Tames.
188.
Williams, Thomas, 200.
Williamsburg, 36, 60,
703
Willing, Anne, 608.
Willing, Thomas, 629.
Will’s Creek, 298; see Fort Cumberland.
Winchester Road, 72, 653.
Winchester, Virginia, 1, 6, 10, 15, 22, 23,
29, 35, 37, 40, 41, 45, 50, 52, 54, 60,
67, 72, 76, 79, 83, 84, 87, 89, 93-96,
98, 103, 110, 126, 127, 129-131, 157,
158, 164, 165, 176, 180, 199, 200, 203,
205, 210, 228, 231, 233, 258, 265, 268,
284, 292, 300, 319, 334, 339, 354, 356,
365, 388-390^ 416, 422, 424, 446, 452,
533, 534, 550, 562, 563, 630, 649.
Wistar [Wister], Richard, 195.
Wolfe, Br. Gen. James, 486, 549.
Wood, Simon Draper, 43, 48, 57, 462, 507,
680.
Woodward, Capt. Henry, 284, 417, 466.
Work, Lt. Col. Patrick, 82, 200, 670, 681,
682, 684, 686, 688, 689.
Wright, Lt. George, 322, 567.
Wright’s Ferry, 106.
Wyandots [Windots], Indians, 100.
Wyoming, 189, 212, 215, 378, 381, 422, 425.
Y
Yellow Bird, Cherokee Warrior, 358.
Yeux Blancs, Indians, 625.
York [York Town], Pennsylvania, 1, 12,
17, 35, 46, 50, 60, 67, 72, 394, 398, 633,
647.
York Companies, 107.
York County, 7, 13, 18, 26-28, 66, 105.
Youghiogheny [ Yaugyauggane, Yioghyo-
geny, Yoghiogani, etc.] River, 136,
153, 208, 209, 235, 236, 237, 239, 241,
245, 246, 299, 326-328, 561, 581; East
Branch, 239; North Branch, 235;
South Branch, 476; Forks of, 123, 236,
238-240, 245; Great Crossing of, 62,
76, 77, 112, 270, 302, 319, 341, 364,
389, 654.
Young, Capt. James, 13, 18, 470, 473 , 486,
488, 489, 527, 673.
Young, Col. John, 9.
Z
Zane, Isaac, 194.
704
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